In literature class, schoolchildren are required to study the wonderful work “Dubrovsky,” which touches on the topic of friendship and shows how thin the line between friendship and hatred can be. To make it easier to get acquainted with Dubrovsky’s work, we offer a brief summary. A summary of Dubrovsky in 6th grade in chapters will help you get acquainted with the plot and give you the opportunity to continue working with the work, completing the assigned tasks.
Dubrovsky summary by chapter
Chapter 1
So, the summary of the novel by Dubrovsky takes us to one of the estates. There we meet a noble landowner. This is a gentleman who has good connections. Everyone in the area is afraid of him and tries not to cross his path. Troekurov himself does not respect anyone, with the exception of his acquaintance Dubrovsky, who lives next door. Here he is, despite the fact that the neighbor is poor, he is, and they still know each other through work. Both were widowed early and were single fathers. Troekurov has a beautiful daughter, Dubrovsky has a good son. Everyone envied their friendship, but the unpredictable happened. Once, Troekurov boasted to his guests, where his neighbor friend was also, about his kennel, and here Dubrovsky noticed that Kiril Petrovich’s dogs lived better than the servants. And then the servant, the huntsman, could not resist. He contributed to the conversation by saying that many landowners live worse than Troekurov’s dogs. Dubrovsky realized that it was about him, he was offended and left. In response, he demanded that Troekurov send a servant, whom Andrei Gavrilych Dubrovsky would punish in his own way. And then Troekurov’s people were cutting down Dubrovsky’s forest, he caught some of them, took away the horses, and beat the people with rods. But Troekurov could not tolerate this, only he has the right to punish his people. Completely furious, Troekurov decides to take away Dubrovsky’s estate, knowing that all his documents were burned, declares that Kistenevka belongs to him and goes to court.
Chapter 2
At the court hearing, Dubrovsky was unable to prove his right to own Kistenevka, so the court transferred the right of ownership of the estate to Troekurov, who gladly signed the document for Dubrovsky’s estate; he, unable to bear such a decision, goes crazy. Troekurov, having seen the result of his revenge, could not get enough of his victory.
Chapter 3
Dubrovsky on an estate that no longer belongs to him. He gets worse and worse every day, so the nanny calls his son Vladimir from St. Petersburg, where he is studying in the cadet corps. Vladimir heads to his village. A servant meets him and says that all the men will be faithful to the Dubrovskys to the end, since they do not want to serve Troekurov. Vladimir goes to his father and is left alone with him.
Chapter 4
The father cannot really explain what happened, and meanwhile the time for the appeal is running out. Troyekurov himself is tormented by remorse, if you can call it that. He decides to go to the Dubrovskys and make peace with Andrei and even give up ownership. But when Troekurov approached the house, Dubrovsky Sr. saw him and had a stroke, he was paralyzed. Vladimir does not allow Troekurov into the house and he, angry, leaves. The elder Dubrovsky dies.
Chapter 5
Vladimir buries his father, and after the funeral, when he returns home, he meets the judges who have arrived to transfer ownership of the estate to Troekurov. The Dubrovsky peasants are against it, they do not want to serve Troyekurov, but Vladimir himself is trying to calm the men down and says that he will ask for protection from the sovereign. The judges stay on the estate overnight.
Chapter 6
Vladimir cannot come to terms with the loss of his village and his father’s estate and decides to take a desperate step. He orders the peasant Arkhip to burn down the house, and said that all the doors should remain open so that the officials could get out in the event of a fire, but Arkhip disobeyed. As a result, the judges die in a fire.
Chapter 7
The whole area was talking about the fire. Troekurov personally conducts an investigation and finds out who exactly the arsonist was, although suspicion also falls on Vladimir, but there is no direct evidence. Soon a gang began to operate in the area, attacking the estates of landowners, setting them on fire, but at the same time bypassing Troekurov’s estate for some reason. As Troekurov himself said, all thanks to his good security system. Vladimir Dubrovsky is considered the leader of the gang.
Chapter 8
In this chapter we meet Masha, Troekurov’s daughter. She was a beauty and her father indulged her in everything. Troyekurov also had a son, Sasha, from his governess, who needed a teacher. A certain Frenchman Deforge, who Troekurov liked, is invited to play this role. Masha does not notice the young teacher, because for her he is an ordinary servant, but one incident changed everything. Once Troekurov decided to make fun of the Frenchman and sent him into the room with a bear that was chained. There was only one salvation for people, this was the corner of the room where the hungry beast could not reach. However, Deforge was not at a loss and, using a pistol, killed the bear. Such an act only raised the Frenchman in the eyes of Troekurov, while Masha herself began to stare at Deforge like a woman and quickly falls in love with her younger brother’s teacher.
Chapter 9
A holiday was on the agenda, during which many guests came to Troekurov’s estate; Spitsyn, the same one who became a false witness, said at the trial that Dubrovsky illegally owned his estate, arrived late. He explained his lateness by saying that he was carrying a large sum of money and had to take detours so that Dubrovsky’s gang would not rob him. One of the guests said that Dubrovsky is fair and does not rob everyone, so he spared her and she was able to transfer the money to her son, who is now serving. Troekurov himself said that he was not afraid of the gang and in case of an attack, he would deal with them all, and then Troekurov told the guests about his joke on the French teacher and about his feat.
Chapter 10
Spitsyn constantly thinks about his money and the fact that he might be robbed, so while staying overnight with Troekurov, he asks that the brave Deforge, who was not afraid of the hungry bear, stay overnight in the same room with him. Deforge agrees. At night it turned out that Deforge was the same Vladimir who tried to take the bag with the money. Spitsyn ordered him not to shout, threatening him in case Spitsyn wanted to hand him over.
Chapter 11
This chapter introduces us to how exactly Vladimir managed to become a French teacher. Vladimir met the real Deforge at the station, where he was waiting for the horses that were supposed to take him to the Troekurov estate. Vladimir pays ten thousand and receives the Frenchman’s documents, as well as letters of recommendation. Thus, Vladimir manages to enter the house. There he began to enjoy respect, and when at Troekurov’s house he met one of the offenders, Spitsyn, he could not resist and took the money. Spitsyn himself leaves Troekurov’s estate with fear from the very morning.
Chapter 12
At the French lesson, Deforge gives a letter to Masha, which talks about a date in the gazebo. There he reveals his real name and tells her of his love. He also said that he no longer holds a grudge against her father, but he needs to hide for a while. At this time, the police officer comes to the Troyekurovs to arrest the Frenchman, since according to Spitsyn’s testimony this is Dubrovsky, but there is no trace of him.
Chapter 13
A year passes, during the summer, Prince Vareikin, who was fifty, although he looked even older, came to his village estate, which was next door to Troekurov’s estate. Troekurov was delighted with this neighborhood; the landowners began to visit each other often. While visiting the Troyekurovs, Vareikin liked Masha and begins to court her.
Chapter 14
Masha receives a letter, but she does not have time to read it, because her father calls her to him. As it turned out, Vareikin asked for her hand in marriage and her father agreed. Unhappy Masha is ordered to prepare for the wedding. Masha goes into the room and reads the letter there. It is from Dubrovsky Jr. Vladimir asks her to meet.
Chapter 15
Masha sees Vladimir, who found out about the upcoming wedding. He wants to take the girl away and get rid of Vareikin, but she hopes to convince her father peacefully. If her father is unshakable in his decision, then she took Vladimir’s word that he would save her from the crown. Vladimir gives a ring with which Masha can warn of trouble, leaving it in a hollow tree.
Chapter 16
Masha decides to write a letter to the prince, where she asks him to abandon the matchmaking and intentions to marry her, but the prince not only does not abandon the plan, but also shows the letter to Masha’s father. Troekurov speeds up the wedding and schedules it in two days. Masha threatens to turn to Dubrovsky for help, then her father locks her up.
Chapter 17
Masha is locked up and doesn’t know how to convey a sign to Dubrovsky, and then Sasha, her younger brother, comes to her window. She asks him to throw the ring into the hollow, which he does. However, he saw that an unfamiliar boy was taking the ring. Not knowing that this is Dubrovsky's messenger, Sasha begins to fight with the boy; a servant comes to Sasha's aid. An unfamiliar boy is taken to Troekurov, who finds out what's what. He understands that Masha and Vladimir corresponded with the ring. The master lets the boy go, but due to the delay, Vladimir does not have time.
Chapter 18
Masha was dressed in a wedding dress. She is taken to the church, where the groom is already waiting for her. The wedding procedure takes place, after which the newlyweds head to Vareykin’s house. On the way they are stopped by Dubrovsky's gang. Vareikin wounds Vladimir, but he intends to save Masha. The girl refuses help, because the wedding took place, and she cannot neglect the ceremony performed in the church.
Chapter 19
In this chapter, Dubrovsky learns that soldiers are heading towards their robber fortification. The robbers withstood the assault and drove the soldiers away, but Dubrovsky understands that the persecution will not stop there. He disbands the gang and himself also disappears in an unknown direction. Nobody saw him again.
Plan
1.
Neighbors-friends
2.
From friendship to hatred, one ridiculous incident
3.
Troekurov is suing Dubrovsky for the estate. Dubrovsky loses the trial
4.
Vladimir goes to his father. Death of Dubrovsky Sr.
5.
Funeral Fire in Dubrovsky's house
6.
The gang that operates in the village
7.
French teacher for Troekurov's youngest son
8.
Deforge and the bear
9.
Holiday in the Troyekurovs' house. Deforge is Vladimir
10.
Vladimir confesses his love for Troekurov’s daughter.
11.
Vladimir disappears to avoid falling into the hands of the police.
12.
Masha's matchmaking
13.
Vladimir volunteers to help, but Masha tries to sort everything out herself.
14.
Wedding of Masha and Vareikin.
15.
Vladimir was late. Masha stays with Vareikin.
16.
Vladimir disbands the gang and disappears himself.
Pushkin, Summary Dubrovsky, Plan
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Essay “Vladimir Dubrovsky and Masha Troekurova”
1832 Russia. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin writes his immortal creation “Dubrovsky”. The essence of the plot of the classic text is that, as a result of a quarrel between two representatives of the local nobility, Kirila Troekurov and Andrei Dubrovsky, the latter’s estate goes to Kirila Petrovich. Andrei's heir, Volodka Dubrovsky, cannot forgive Kirila Troekurov for the death of his father, sets Kistenevka on fire and becomes a noble robber. The following are his adventures...
The main idea of the immortal work “Dubrovsky” is that Alexander Sergeevich draws the reader’s attention to the fact that the main ones in our lives are the “eternal” human virtues: honesty, responsibility, honor. In other words, Pushkin showed the contemporary order in the Russian state.
Pushkin Dubrovsky read summary chapter by chapter
Chapter 1
In it we meet the landowners Kirila Petrovich Troekurov and Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky. Both of them are widowers. Everyone has children. Troyekurov has a daughter, Masha. Dubrovsky has a son, Vladimir. During one of Dubrovsky’s friendly visits to Troekurov, a conflict situation occurs between them. Troekurov allows himself a free statement: “it would be nice for another master to exchange the estate for Troekurov’s dog kennel,” which insults Dubrovsky. He's leaving. He writes a letter from home. This message seems impudent to Troekurov. In addition, Dubrovsky learns that Troekurov’s men are stealing timber on his territory. He is furious and orders the thieves to be flogged. Troekurov learns about this event and decides to take revenge and take away the village of Kistenevka. To implement his plan, Troekurov negotiates with Shabashkin to carry out his plan.
Chapter 2
A trial has been scheduled, during which Andrei tries to prove that the village legally belongs to him, but he does not have the title papers in his hands. Spitsyn testifies that Dubrovsky runs Kistenevka illegally. Troyekurov dishonestly becomes the owner of Kistenevka. Because of this, the owner of Kistenevka lost his mind, and he was taken away.
Chapter 3
Andrey is depressed and very close to death. For this reason, Egorovna sends a letter to his son Vladimir. The heir urgently leaves St. Petersburg. On the way, he is met by the yard man Anton, who brings Volodka up to date and swears allegiance to him. When Vladimir enters his parent’s room, he sees how seriously ill he is.
Chapter 4
Father Dubrovsky's condition did not give him the opportunity to tell his son about everything that happened. The appeal in the lawsuit with Kistenevka was not filed on time and for this reason the estate now belongs to a former friend. Kirila Petrovich is not happy. He experiences pangs of conscience and realizes that he no longer has a congenial person, and never will. Under the influence of depression, he tries to reconcile with Dubrovsky. Old Man-Dubrovsky saw Troekurov, became quite worried and became paralyzed. They sent for a doctor, but Dubrovsky was destined to die.
Chapter 5
The heir and the servants bury the old man Dubrovsky. After this event, bureaucrats and Shabashkin come to the empty house to get the house and peasants for the new owner. The servants do not want to move to the new master. Vladimir calms them down and allows the “guests” to spend the night on the estate.
Chapter 6
In the dead of night, on Volodka’s orders, Arkhip sets fire to a house in Kistenevka. He assumed that the escape routes would be dissolved, which would make it possible to avoid a tragedy. Arkhip tightly closes all exit routes. The officials were burned alive. In addition, Arkhip saved a cat from the fire.
Chapter 7
The fire is being investigated. Moreover, Troekurov is involved in this case. It turns out that Arkhip did this, and besides, a shadow also fell on Volodka. They cannot prove their involvement in what is happening. In parallel to these events, robbers appear in the surrounding area, plundering and burning the landowners' properties. It is believed that these are servants from Kistenevka under the leadership of Volodka. Troekurov's estate has not been touched.
Chapter 8
The reader gets acquainted with Maria Kirillovna Troekurova. He learns that she is very lonely and that her main hobby is reading novels. We also learn about Kirila Petrovich’s “sin” - the boy Sasha. Sasha needs a good education. Therefore, Troyekurov hires teacher Deforge. Masha falls in love with Deforge and he teaches her music lessons. Troyekurov himself is happy with everything. Deforge is brave. He demonstrates this in the scene with the bear.
Chapter 9
The temple festival is being celebrated at the Troekurov estate. Among the guests is Spitsyn, who gave murderous false testimony against the old man Andrei at the trial. He boasts that he is afraid of Volodka, that he has a certain amount. The conversation revolves around the topic of robbery. Guest Anna Savishna says that Volodka is a fair person and does not rob everyone. The police officer assures everyone present that he will call the leader of the bandit gang to account. He also adds that he is not at all afraid of robbers and that his brave teacher Deforge, a Frenchman, lives with him.
Chapter 10
Spitsyn is afraid. He is cowardly, afraid that he will be robbed and for this reason asks Deforge to spend the night with him. At night, the fact is revealed that Deforge and Vladimir Dubrovsky are one and the same person. Dubrovsky took the money from Deforge and threatened him in case he decided to extradite him.
Chapter 11
The events of this chapter tell the story of the real Desforges and the fact that at one of the stations Vladimir Dubrovsky “bought” his documents and recommendations for ten thousand. Moreover, Deforge did not resist; he liked this proposal. Under a false name, Dubrovsky goes to Troekurov’s estate and begins to pose as a teacher.
Chapter 12
Marya Kirillovna receives a note from Vladimir asking for a meeting in the gazebo. Marya comes. Vladimir confesses his feelings to her. He says he needs to disappear. He says that he is ready for anything for Marya. In the evening of the same day, an official comes to Troyekurov with a request to give him teacher Deforge. He explains his visit by saying that Spitsyn says that the Frenchman and Dubrovsky are the same person. Troekurov agrees to hand over the teacher, but he can’t be found anywhere
Chapter 13
The reader becomes acquainted with the old Prince Vereisky. He became friends with Troekurov. He fell in love with Marya and began to court her.
Chapter 14
Vereisky offers Marya Kirillovna his hand and heart. Troekurov gives his parental blessing. Meanwhile, Marya receives a letter from Dubrovsky, where he forgives her about the meeting.
Chapter 15
The meeting between Marya and Dubrovsky took place. She told Vladimir about her upcoming marriage. Vladimir offers to help her. Maria is scared, she asks Dubrovsky to wait. Vladimir gives Marya a ring and says that if it becomes absolutely unbearable, she can put it in the hollow of an oak tree.
Chapter 16
Marya Kirillovna writes to Vereisky and asks him to abandon the wedding. The prince acts meanly and gives this letter to Marya’s father to read. Troekurov makes a decision: there will be a wedding, and until the wedding, his daughter will sit under lock and key.
Chapter 17
Marya is upset. She asks her brother to put the ring in the hollow. Sasha helps her sister, but at the most crucial moment she notices a red-haired boy. Sasha thinks that he is a thief and calls for help. Marya's hopes are destroyed...
Chapter 18
Church wedding scene. When the newlyweds return, their carriage is attacked by robbers. Vereisky wounds Dubrovsky. Dubrovsky is capable of a noble act and offers Marya freedom. She refuses because the wedding is over.
After the First World War, mass persecution of Jews and dissidents began in Germany. Several people are illegal immigrants, among whom is the young hero of the novel Ludwig Kern
Volga Svyatoslavovich is a very ancient hero from epics. He is cunning and understands the language of birds and animals. He, like a werewolf, can transform into different animals and birds. When he was seven years old, he began to learn tricks and wisdom
It’s six o’clock in the morning, the alarms in the communal apartment go off, and everyone slowly begins to get ready for work. The guys stay asleep, since it’s time for the summer holidays. So we stayed in the communal apartment
We will analyze the characteristics of the heroes and a summary with special care. We will also present a short overview of critical reviews of the work by the author’s contemporaries.
History of creation
It was based on a story that Pushkin was told by his friend P.V. Nashchokin. Thus, the novel “Dubrovsky” has realistic roots. The analysis of the work therefore needs to begin precisely with this.
So, Nashchokin met a Belarusian nobleman in the prison, who had been suing his neighbor for a long time over land, was kicked out of the estate and then, left with several peasants, began to engage in robbery. The surname of that criminal was Ostrovsky, Pushkin replaced it with Dubrovsky, and moved the action of the work to the 20s of the 19th century.
Initially, Pushkin titled the novel with the date “October 21, 1832,” which marked the beginning of work on the novel. And the well-known title was given to the work by the editor before publication in 1841.
Even at school, children study the novel “Dubrovsky”. Analysis of the work (6th grade - the time when students get acquainted with it for the first time) is usually carried out according to the scheme. And if the first point is a description of the history of creation, then a summary of the novel should follow.
Landowner Kirill Petrovich Troekurov, a retired general-in-chief, is a classic wayward and rich gentleman, all his neighbors cater to his whims, and provincial officials tremble at the sight of him. He is friends with his neighbor and former comrade in the army service, Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, a poor and independent nobleman, a former lieutenant.
Troekurov always had a bad and cruel character. More than once he mocked his guests. His favorite trick was to lock one of those who came to him in a room with a bear.
Development of action
One day Dubrovsky comes to see Troekurov, and the landowners quarrel over the insolence of the guest’s servant. Gradually the quarrel turns into a real war. Troekurov decides to take revenge, bribes the judge and, thanks to his impunity, sues Dubrovsky for Kistenevka, his estate. Upon learning the verdict, the landowner goes crazy right in the courtroom. His son, guards cornet Vladimir, is forced to leave his service and come from St. Petersburg to his sick father. Soon the elder Dubrovsky dies.
Court officials arrive to formalize the transfer of property, they get drunk and spend the night on the estate. At night, Vladimir sets fire to the house with them. Dubrovsky, together with his loyal peasants, becomes a robber. Gradually he terrifies all the surrounding landowners. Only Troekurov's possessions remain untouched.
A teacher comes to the Troekurov family to join the service. Dubrovsky intercepts him halfway and bribes him. Now he himself, under the guise of Deforge, goes to the enemy’s estate. Gradually, love arises between him and Masha Troekurova, the daughter of a landowner.
Denouement
It is best to consider the novel as a whole. But analyzing the work “Dubrovsky” chapter by chapter will be quite problematic, since they are an element of one whole and, without context, lose most of their meaning.
So, Troekurov decides to marry his daughter to Prince Vereisky. The girl is against it and does not want to marry the old man. Dubrovsky makes an unsuccessful attempt to prevent their marriage. Masha sends him a prearranged sign, he comes to save her, but it turns out to be too late.
When the wedding cortege follows from the church to the prince's estate, Dubrovsky's people surround him. Vladimir offers Masha freedom; she can leave her old husband and go with him. But the girl refuses - she has already made an oath and cannot break it.
Soon the provincial authorities almost manage to catch Dubrovsky's gang. After this, he dismisses his people, and he himself goes abroad.
Analysis of Pushkin’s work “Dubrovsky”: theme and idea
This work is one of the most significant in the writer’s work. In it, Pushkin reflected many of the problems of his time. For example, the tyranny of landowners, the arbitrariness of officials and judges, the lack of rights of serfs and robbery as a reaction to all this of rebellious and brave people.
The theme of robbery for good purposes is not new in world and Russian literature. The image of a noble and freedom-loving robber did not leave many romantic writers indifferent. However, this is not the only thing that declares Pushkin’s interest in this topic. For many years, robbery was widespread in Russia. The robbers were former soldiers, impoverished nobles, and escaped serfs. However, the people did not blame them for the robberies, but the authorities that brought them to this. And Pushkin decided in his work to show why honest people have to take the high road.
The uniqueness of the conflict
We continue to describe the analysis of Pushkin’s work “Dubrovsky”. 6th grade, which is where they study the novel, is already familiar with the concept of “conflict,” so it will definitely need to be considered.
So, in the novel there are only 2 conflicts, which are strikingly different both in nature and in social significance. The first has a strong social connotation and is associated with class inequality. In it, Andrei Dubrovsky and Kirila Troekurov collide. And as a result, it leads to the rebellion of Vladimir, who cannot come to terms with arbitrariness. This is the main conflict of the novel.
However, there is a second one, related to the theme of love and family relationships. It manifests itself in the formal marriage of Masha to the old prince. Pushkin raises the topic of women's lack of rights, talks about the impossibility of lovers to be happy because of the whims of their parents.
Both of these conflicts are united by the figure of Kirila Troekurov, who became the cause of troubles for both the Dubrovskys and their own daughter.
Image of Vladimir Dubrovsky
The main character of the novel is Vladimir Andreevich Dubrovsky. Analysis of the work allows us to give it a very flattering description. He is a poor nobleman, he is 23 years old, he has a majestic appearance and a loud voice. Despite his position, he did not lose his honor and pride. He, like his father, always treated serfs well and earned their love. That is why they entered into an agreement with him when he planned to burn the estate and then began to rob.
His mother died when he was only one year old. However, he knew that his parents married for love. He wanted such a future for himself. Masha Troekurova became for him that one and only love. However, her father intervened in the matter. Vladimir made a desperate attempt to save his beloved, but failed. His nobility was also manifested in the fact that he resignedly left when Masha refused to run away with him. We can say that this hero embodies the concept of noble honor.
Image of Troekurov
To expose people like Troekurov, the novel “Dubrovsky” was written. Analysis of the work makes us understand the baseness and unprincipledness of this person. Nothing is sacred to him. He brings his servants and friends into the world with equal ease. Even the death of a comrade and good friend did not stop his greed. He did not spare his daughter either. For the sake of profit, Troekurov doomed Masha to an unhappy married life and deprived her of true love. At the same time, he is confident that he is right and does not even allow the thought that he might be punished.
The novel as assessed by critics
What did critics think about the novel “Dubrovsky”? Analysis of the work helped us understand that Pushkin wrote a rather topical book. However, Belinsky, for example, called her melodramatic, and Dubrovsky a hero who does not evoke sympathy. On the other hand, the critic highly appreciated the authenticity with which Pushkin portrayed Troekurov and the landowner life of his time.
P. Annenkov noted that the novel has a romantic ending, incompatible with its content, but the characters described are particularly psychological and authentic. also emphasized the vitality of the situation described and the realism of the characters.
“Dubrovsky”: a brief analysis of the work
If necessary, make a brief analysis. Then you can write the following. The main theme of the work is robbery in Russia. The idea is to show how people take this path and who is to blame. Pushkin tried to expose the authorities and show the social injustice reigning around. There are two conflicts in the work - social and love. The first is associated with the unlimited power of those who have it, and the second with complete parental authority over their children. The main culprit is Troekurov, who embodies the classic type of Russian master.
Retelling plan
1. The life of good neighbors A.G. Dubrovsky and K.P. Troekurova.
2. Their quarrel, trial. Dubrovsky loses Kistenevka.
3. Arrival of Vladimir Dubrovsky. Funeral of father - old man Dubrovsky.
4. Vladimir burns down his home and becomes a robber.
5. Dubrovsky appears at Troekurov’s estate under the guise of the Frenchman Deforge.
6. Dubrovsky discovers himself on the day of the temple holiday in Pokrovskoye.
7. Vladimir leaves Pokrovsky, opening up to Masha Troekurova.
8. A year passes. Masha is in love with Dubrovsky, and Prince Vereisky wooes her.
9. Masha writes a letter to Vereisky about her unwillingness to marry him. It goes unnoticed.
10. Masha is locked up until the wedding. Sasha wants to help her sister and volunteers to take the ring to the appointed place.
11. The plan to transfer the ring is foiled.
12. Masha Troekurova is married to Vereisky. Vladimir Dubrovsky appears too late.
13. Dubrovsky ceases to be a robber. His traces are lost.
Retelling
Volume one
Chapter 1
“Several years ago, an old Russian gentleman, Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, lived on one of his estates.” He was rich and noble, his neighbors were afraid of him and pleased him. In everyday life, Kirila Petrovich showed the habits of a spoiled, uneducated person who gave full rein to his unbridled nature. The only person he respected was Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, Troekurov’s neighbor, a retired military man who owned seventy souls. “They were once comrades in the service, and Troekurov knew from experience the impatience and determination of his character.”
They came together every day, both were widowers and had children. Dubrovsky's son, Vladimir, was brought up in St. Petersburg, Masha Troekurova “grew up in the eyes of her parent.” “Everyone envied the harmony that reigned between the arrogant Troekurov and the poor neighbor...” “An unexpected incident upset and changed everything.”
Once in the fall, preparing for a hunt, Troekurov went to show his guests the kennel. Dubrovsky frowned. When asked by Troekurov about the reason for his bad mood, he replied that it is unlikely that Troekurov’s people live as well as dogs. One of the hounds answered offendedly: “It wouldn’t hurt for another nobleman to exchange his estate for a local kennel.” Dubrovsky was offended and left, Troekurov sent his people after him, Dubrovsky sent a note in which he demanded that a daring hound be sent to him, and he himself would decide whether to “punish him or have mercy.”
Dubrovsky’s letter angered Troekurov, because he dared to pardon or punish his people, and this is the right of only Kirila Petrovich. Another circumstance aggravates the conflict: Dubrovsky caught hewers in his grove - Troekurov's men. He took their horses away from them and punished them with rods. Troekurov became furious. At first he wanted to attack Kistenevka with his servants and burn it down. But, on reflection, he decided to take away the estate from Dubrovsky. Using the services of assessor Shabashkin, Troekurov expressed a desire to “take away the estate” of his neighbor “without any right.” The documents for Dubrovsky's estate were burned in a fire. Shabashkin bribed judges to get the case heard in court.
Chapter 2
Troekurov was greeted with servility at the trial, but Dubrovsky was hardly noticed. The court found that Dubrovsky owned Kistenevka illegally, and the estate should have been transferred to the “legal” owner - Troekurov. When Dubrovsky was offered an appeal, he grabbed an inkwell and threw it at the chairman of the court; he was barely appeased by the rushing guards. Then the sick Dubrovsky was taken to Kistenevka, which “almost no longer belonged to him.” Dubrovsky's sudden madness had a strong effect on Troekurov, poisoning his triumph of victory.
Chapter 3
Every day Dubrovsky faded away more and more. Egorovna, Vladimir’s nanny, wrote him a letter to St. Petersburg. Vladimir Dubrovsky was brought up in the Cadet Corps and was released as a cornet into the guard. His father sent him a decent allowance. Having received “rather stupid lines” from the village, Vladimir understood one thing: his presence on his father’s estate was necessary. He received leave and three days later went to the estate. At the post station he was met by the old coachman Anton, who told him about all the disasters. Anton asked young Dubrovsky for protection, assuring that the peasants would be loyal to him. Vladimir found his father very weak, soon falling into unconsciousness; this made a strong impression on the young man.
Chapter 4
Vladimir thought about taking care of business, “but his father was not able to give him the necessary explanations.” The appeal period has passed, and Troekurov “legally” took possession of Kistenevka. Troekurov was satisfied, but understood that he had not treated Dubrovsky fairly. He decided to personally go to him and make peace. Old man Dubrovsky, seeing Kirila Petrovich arrive, became very excited, fell unconscious, and was paralyzed. Vladimir ordered the offender to be expelled. Old man Dubrovsky died.
Chapter 5
After his father’s funeral, Vladimir found judges at his estate who came to hand over the property to Troekurov. The peasants refused to obey them and did not want to go over to someone else’s master, threatening them with reprisals. Vladimir reassured the peasants, promising to ask for protection from the sovereign. The judges stayed overnight in Kistenevka.
Chapter 6
Vladimir understood that it was all over, he had lost his estate. He ordered the house to be burned down so that nothing would go to the offender, ordering the blacksmith Arkhip to take his people out of the house and unlock the doors so that the judges could leave. But Arkhip deliberately locked the doors so that the officials would burn. Dubrovsky left, making an appointment for his people to meet in Kistenevskaya Grove.
Chapter 7
“The next day the news of the fire spread throughout the entire neighborhood.” Troekurov himself conducted an investigation and found out that the blacksmith Arkhip “is the main, if not the only, culprit of the fire. There were strong suspicions about Dubrovsky.”
Soon a gang of robbers appeared in the vicinity, and Dubrovsky was called its leader. The robbers were distinguished by their excellent courage; they only did not touch Troekurov’s estate. Kirila Petrovich explained this by the well-organized security of his estate.
Chapter 8
Masha Troekurova “was 17 years old, and her beauty was in full bloom.” Kirila Petrovich loved his daughter and indulged her every whim, and sometimes frightened her with harsh and even cruel treatment. She grew up in solitude, having lost her mother at an early age. Troyekurov also raised his son Sasha, whose mother was Mamzel Mimi, Masha’s governess. A young French teacher was assigned to him, who arrived from Moscow at the height of the events described.
Troyekurov liked Deforge with his appearance and simple manner. At first, Masha did not pay any attention to the young Frenchman. “Brought up in aristocratic prejudices,” she perceived the teacher as a kind of servant and did not at all notice the impression she made on Deforge.
There were usually several bear cubs living in Troekurov’s yard, and when they grew up, they were chained. It was considered the best joke when a hungry bear was tied in an empty room to a long rope so that only one corner was inaccessible to the animal. They brought and pushed a newcomer there. Soon after the teacher’s arrival, Troekurov decided to “treat” the Frenchman to the “bear room”. Finding himself alone with the bear, Deforge took out a pistol and shot the hungry beast in the ear. Kirila Petrovich was amazed at the outcome of his joke; he wanted to find out who warned the Frenchman. The Frenchman replied that he knew nothing, and he needed the pistol because he “does not intend to endure an insult for which, according to his rank, he cannot demand satisfaction.” Kirila Petrovich called Deforge a fine fellow and no longer tested his courage, and Masha “from then on began to show respect to the young teacher.” Deforge began giving Marya Kirilovna singing lessons. And soon she fell in love with him against her will.
Volume two
Chapter 9
On October 1, the day of the temple holiday, numerous guests came to Pokrovskoye. After mass, everyone was invited to the table. Anton Pafnutyevich Spitsyn appeared, late for the start, since he had a large amount of money with him, and he, fearing Dubrovsky’s robbers, rode not through the Kistenevsky forest, but by a roundabout route (it was Spitsyn who testified at the trial that the Dubrovskys owned the estate illegally) . Old man Dubrovsky threatened to take revenge on him.
Anna Savishna Globova said that she recently sent money to her guardsman son, and the clerk said that on the way to the post office he was robbed by Dubrovsky. The general who was dining with her doubted this and forced the clerk to tell the truth: he embezzled the money himself. The police officer promised to soon catch Dubrovsky using the available signs. Troekurov asked them to read out: “Twenty-three years old, average height, clean face, shaves his beard, has brown eyes, light brown hair, straight nose.” There were no special signs, and Troyekurov laughed at the police officer: it is impossible to find a robber using such signs. Then he talked about Deforge, who killed the bear, adding that with such a brave man, no Dubrovsky was afraid.
Chapter 10
At the holiday, the guests had fun from the heart. Only Anton Pafnutievich was concerned. He carried all his money in a leather bag on his chest, and now, fearing robbery, he asked to spend the night with a brave Frenchman. At night, Anton Pafnutievich felt that they were trying to take his treasured bag off him. He started to shout, but the Frenchman, who turned out to be Dubrovsky, “in pure Russian language” ordered him to remain silent.
Chapter 11
The author tells the previous story of Desforges. At the post station, a French teacher, while waiting for horses, met a military man and said that he was going to Troekurov as a tutor, to which the military man offered him ten thousand rubles in exchange for documents and a letter of recommendation. The Frenchman agreed.
Dubrovsky came to Troekurov and settled in his house. Giving complete freedom to Sasha, he followed his student’s musical success with great diligence. Everyone in the house loved him. And so, spending the night in the same room with one of the main culprits of his disasters, Vladimir could not resist and took away his bag. Spitsyn, frightened by his sudden transformation from teacher to robber, left in the morning, looking at the Frenchman with horror.
Chapter 12
Life in Pokrovskoye went on as usual, but one day during a lesson the Frenchman gave Masha a note asking her to come for a date to the gazebo by the stream. The teacher admitted to her that he was Dubrovsky and assured her that he had forgiven Troekurov because of his love for her. He offered the girl his patronage and protection if she ever needed it. In the evening, the police officer who arrived announced that Dubrovsky was hiding under the name of the Frenchman. They rushed to look for Deforges and did not find him.
Chapter 13
Almost a year passed, and the next summer Prince Vereisky came to his estate, next door to Troekurov. He was fifty years old, but he looked older. Kirila Petrovich rejoiced at such a neighborhood and soon became close friends with him.
Chapter 14
Masha received a letter from Dubrovsky, but did not have time to read it, because her father called her to him and said that Prince Vereisky was asking for her hand. Troekurov ordered her to get married. Masha read the letter in her room. Dubrovsky invited her on a date.
Chapter 15
At the meeting, Vladimir, who already knew about everything, suggested to Masha “to rid her of the hated person.” But the girl forbade killing Vereisky and asked not to interfere for now, hoping to convince her father. Dubrovsky doubted this. As a farewell, Dubrovsky gave the girl a ring, and Masha promised to resort to his help if she couldn’t cope on her own. She had to put the ring in the hollow of the oak tree, this would be a signal to Dubrovsky.
Chapter 16
Troyekurov accepted congratulations, but Masha kept postponing a decisive explanation. Finally, she wrote a letter to Vereisky asking him to abandon her, but the prince gave the letter to Troekurov. Kirila Petrovich decided to speed up the wedding. He announced that the wedding would take place in a day, and locked Masha until the wedding. All she could do was cry.
Chapter 17
In the morning, Sasha unexpectedly appears under the window and offers his sister help. Masha gives him Dubrovsky’s ring, but as soon as Sasha put the ring in the appointed place, an unknown red-haired boy put his hand there. Sasha, believing that he wanted to steal the ring, rushed at him, calling on the servants for help. The boy was taken to Kirila Petrovich. Sasha admitted that he took the ring to the hollow at the request of his sister, essentially betraying her. The red-haired boy kept his mouth shut and only said that he was Dubrovsky’s yard man and stole raspberries in Pokrovsky. The master demanded a ring from the boy. “The boy unclenched his fist and showed that there was nothing in his hand.” He was first locked up, interrogated, and then released, and he ran to Kistenevka.
Chapter 18
In Pokrovskoye, Masha was dressed for the crown, and she was carried almost in her arms into the carriage. The wedding ceremony took place in an empty, locked church. Marya Kirillovna had been waiting for Dubrovsky since the morning, hoping for his help. When the wedding ended, she “still could not believe that her life was forever shackled, that Dubrovsky did not fly to free her.” On the way back to Arbatov, Dubrovsky's people stopped the carriage. Dubrovsky told Masha that she was free, but she refused to get out of the carriage. Having learned that it was Dubrovsky, the prince wounded Vladimir in the shoulder. The peasants wanted to kill the prince, but Dubrovsky stopped them. Masha refused the offered freedom, since she was already married. Dubrovsky, not hearing her last words, fainted. The peasants took Vladimir away “without shedding a single drop of blood in revenge for the blood of their chieftain.”
Chapter 19
“In the middle of a dense forest, on a narrow lawn, there stood a small earthen fortification, consisting of a rampart and a ditch, behind which there were several huts and dugouts.” In one of the huts there was a wounded Dubrovsky. The watchman reported that soldiers led by an officer appeared in the forest. At first they began to defeat the robbers, but Dubrovsky killed the officer, and the soldiers retreated. The robbers took refuge in the “fortress”. A company of soldiers was sent to catch them. Realizing that they were doomed, Dubrovsky “announced that he intended to leave them forever, and advised them to change their lifestyle,” hiding in remote provinces. Dubrovsky took a trusted man with him and disappeared, “the menacing visits, fires and robberies stopped. The roads became clear. From other news they learned that Dubrovsky had fled abroad.”
The novel “Dubrovsky” by A.S. Pushkin is the most famous Russian robber novel, created in the spirit of a genre of literary composition popular in England, France and Germany in the 18th-19th centuries, in the center of which is the image of a noble robber.
The novel is based on the idea of the moral decay of the Russian nobility and its opposition to the common people. Themes of defense of honor, family lawlessness, and peasant revolt are revealed.
History of creation
The novel in 3 parts was begun by Alexander Pushkin (1799 - 1837) after finishing work on the essay "Belkin's Tale" in the fall of 1832.
Pushkin wrote only 2 volumes of the planned three-volume work, the second of which was completed in 1833, that is, work on the novel proceeded quite quickly. The third volume was never started.
The first publication of the work took place 4 years after the poet died in a duel in 1841. Pushkin did not leave the title of the novel in the manuscript and it was prefaced by the name of the main character “Dubrovsky”.
The basis for the work was an incident told to the poet by his comrade Nashchokin. According to the story, the landowner Ostrovsky, ruined by the fault of a high-ranking neighbor, gathered his serfs and created a band of robbers. History interested Pushkin as a realistic basis for prose writing.
Analysis of the work
Main plot
(Illustration by B. M. Kustodiev “Troekurov chooses puppies”)
The landowners Troekurov and Dubrovsky, the father of the main character Vladimir, are neighbors and friends. A number of conflict situations separate friends from each other and Troekurov, taking advantage of his special position, claims rights to his neighbor’s only estate. Dubrovsky is unable to confirm his right to the estate and goes crazy.
Son Vladimir, who arrived from the city, finds his father near death. Soon the elder Dubrovsky dies. Not wanting to put up with injustice, Vladimir burns the estate along with the officials who came to register it in Troyekurov’s name. Together with devoted peasants, he goes into the forest and terrifies the entire area, however, without touching Troekurov’s people.
A French teacher goes to work at the Troyekurovs' house and, thanks to bribery, Dubrovsky takes his place. In the enemy's house, he falls in love with his daughter Masha, who reciprocates his feelings.
Spitsyn recognizes the French teacher as the robber who robbed him. Vladimir has to hide.
At this time, the father gives Masha in marriage to the old prince against his will. Vladimir's attempts to break up the marriage are unsuccessful. After the wedding, Dubrovsky and his gang surround the newlyweds’ carriage and Vladimir frees his beloved. But she refuses to go with him, since she is already married to someone else.
The provincial authorities are making an attempt to surround Dubrovsky's gang. He decides to stop the robbery and, having dismissed the people loyal to him, goes abroad.
Main characters
Vladimir Dubrovsky in Pushkin's works appears as one of the most noble and courageous heroes. He is the only son of his father, a hereditary impoverished nobleman. The young man graduated from the Cadet Corps and is a cornet. At the time of the news about the estate taken away from his father, Vladimir was 23 years old.
After the death of his father, Dubrovsky gathers loyal peasants and becomes a robber. However, his robbery is painted in noble tones. All the victims of the gang are rich people leading an unworthy lifestyle. In this, the image of the main character largely intersects with the image of Robin Hood.
Dubrovsky's goal is revenge for his father and it is aimed at Troekurov. Under the guise of a teacher, Vladimir settles in the landowner's house and establishes good relationships with all family members, and falls in love with his daughter Masha.
An incident in Troekurov’s house speaks about Dubrovsky’s courage and determination. Finding himself jokingly locked in a room with a bear, Dubrovsky does not lose his composure and kills the bear with one shot from a pistol.
After meeting Masha, the hero’s main goal changes. For the sake of reuniting with his beloved, Dubrovsky is ready to give up his desire to take revenge on her father.
Masha's refusal to follow Dubrovsky after her wedding to Vereisky, as well as the raid on the gang, force Vladimir to abandon his plans. He nobly lets his people go, not wanting to drag them into trouble. Abandoning his beloved and fleeing abroad testifies to the young man’s submissiveness and unwillingness to go against fate.
The existing drafts for the third volume trace Vladimir's return to Russia and attempts to bring Masha back. In this regard, we can say that the hero does not renounce his love, but only accepts his beloved’s desire to live according to church laws.
(editor's note - Kirila Petrovich - not to be confused with Kirill)
Troyekurov is the main negative character in the novel. A rich and influential landowner knows no bounds in his tyranny; he can lock a guest in a room with a bear as a joke. At the same time, he respects independent people, which includes Vladimir’s father Andrei Gavrilovich. Their friendship comes to an end because of Troekurov’s trifles and pride. Deciding to punish Dubrovsky for his insolence, he appropriates his estate, using his unlimited power and connections.
At the same time, the image of Troekurov is built not only in negative tones. The hero, having cooled down after a quarrel with a friend, regrets his action. In his behavior, Pushkin lays down the scheme of the Russian social structure, in which the nobles felt omnipotent and unpunished.
Troekurov is characterized as a loving father. His youngest son was born out of wedlock, but is raised in the family on equal terms with his eldest daughter Masha.
The pursuit of profit can be seen in the choice of a husband for his beloved daughter Masha. Troekurov knows about his daughter’s reluctance to marry the old man, but organizes the wedding and does not allow his daughter to run away with her beloved Dubrovsky. This is an excellent example of how parents try to arrange the lives of their children against their wishes.
Masha Troekurova at the time of the action is a 17-year-old girl who is brought up in the solitude of a large estate, she is silent and withdrawn into herself. Her main outlet is her father's rich library and French novels. The appearance of a French teacher in the house in the form of Dubrovsky for a romantic young lady develops into love, similar to numerous novels. The truth about the teacher’s personality does not frighten the girl, which speaks of her courage.
It is important to note that Masha is principled. Having married an unwanted husband - an old count - Masha rejects Dubrovsky's offer to run away with him and talks about her duty to her husband.
The work is dramatic in its composition and is based on vivid contrasts:
- friendship and court,
- the meeting of the main character with his native place and the death of his father,
- funeral and fire
- holiday and robbery,
- love and escape
- wedding and battle.
Thus, the composition of the novel is based on the conflict method, that is, the collision of contrasting scenes.
The novel “Dubrovsky” by Pushkin, under the guise of a romantic work, contains a number of deep thoughts of the author about the problems of Russian life and structure.
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