Topic Ireland in English. Ireland; Ireland - English language topic

​ tells about one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

From English language topic Northern Ireland you will learn about the population, climate and main cities of Northern Ireland. Having studied English language topic Northern Ireland you will find out what this amazing country is famous for.

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Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland is the integral part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is located in the northeastern part of the island. Northern Ireland is bounded by the North Channel on the north and northeast, by the Irish Sea on the southeast and by the Republic of Ireland on the south and west. It includes several offshore islands and Rathlin Island in the North Channel.

Northern Ireland includes six of the nine counties that constituted the former province of Ulster, that is why Northern Ireland is sometimes unofficially called Ulster.

The total area of ​​Northern Ireland is 13,843 square kilometers, and its population is 1,810,863 people.

The country is situated on a low, flat plain. In its center there is the largest lake of the British Isles - Lough Neagh. Other important lakes are Upper Lough Erne and Lough Erne.

The climate of Northern Ireland is damp and mild.

The most valuable natural resources of Northern Ireland are its rich pasture lands, natural waterpower and fertile soil. The main minerals are limestone, basalt, granite, sand, gravel, clay, chalk and shale. Iron ore, coal and bauxite are also found in small amounts.

Belfast is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland. Londonderry is another major city of Northern Ireland.

Belfast is famous for its theatres, various literary activities, opera and ballet. The Ulster Symphony Orchestra is one of the leading orchestras of Britain. Queen's University hosts the annual Belfast Festival. There are two national museums in Northern Ireland: the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum in Hollywood and the Ulster Museum in Belfast, which houses a collection of Irish antiquities.

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Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland is an integral part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is located in the northeastern part of the island. Northern Ireland is bounded by the North Channel to the north and northeast, the Irish Sea to the southeast, and the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. It includes several islands located close to the mainland, as well as Rathlin Island.

Northern Ireland includes six of the nine counties that constitute the former province of Ulster, so northern Ireland is sometimes informally called Ulster.

Northern Ireland has a total area of ​​13,843 square kilometers and a population of 1,810,863 people.

The country is located on a low plain. At its center is the largest lake in the British Isles - Lough Neagh. Other important lakes are Upper Lough Erne and Lough Erne.

The climate of Northern Ireland is humid and mild.

Northern Ireland's most valuable natural resources are its rich grasslands, natural water resources and fertile soils.

The main minerals are limestone, basalt, granite, sand, gravel, clay, chalk and shale. Iron ore, coal and bauxite are also mined in small quantities.

Belfast is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland. Londonderry is another major city in Northern Ireland.

Belfast is famous for its theatres, various literary movements, opera and ballet. The Ulster Symphony Orchestra is one of the UK's leading orchestras. Queen's University hosts the annual Belfast Festival. Northern Ireland has two national museums: the Ulster Folk Transport Museum in Hollywood and the Ulster Museum in Belfast, which houses a collection of Irish antiquities.

One of the most beautiful islands in the world is located near the north-western coast of Europe. Throughout the centuries, writers and poets sang of green meadows and wild mountains of Ireland. The country's natural resources are very insignificant. There are no fields of coal, iron ore or oil on its territory. Ireland is famous for its food and textile industries, it is also rich in a peculiar Gaelic culture, which, with the waves of emigrants from this small country, has spread throughout the world.

The first conquerors of Ireland were the Celts, who divided the island into small principalities. Signs of Celtic culture remained in Irish folklore. These are heroic legends and wonderful stories about gods, heroes and battles. In 432, Saint Patrick brought Christianity to the country and became its patron. Ireland became one of the cultural centers of Europe. Literature, painting and science blossomed.

In 795, the peaceful life of the islanders was violated by the Vikings. Having conquered the island, they founded many settlements, including Dublin, the capital of Ireland. In the 12th century, the island was captured by the Normans. Later, to strengthen the power of England, the English monarchs Henry VIII, Elizabeth I and Jacob I settled on the lands of the Irish English and Scottish Protestants. The consequences of such policy we can see today: conflicts between Catholics and Protestants do not stop in Northern Ireland.

Irish communities on all continents preserve the customs of their homeland very carefully. In 1973, the Republic of Ireland joined the European Union. As a member of the Union, Ireland is gradually becoming a prosperous country regardless of Britain - a powerful neighbor and former ruler. Modern industry pressed traditional for Ireland textile industry and agriculture pressed modern industry.

The capital of the Republic of Ireland, the city of Dublin, stands on the River Liffey near the coast of the Irish Sea. It was founded by the Vikings in the 9th century. Dublin's cozy squares store an old architecture.

Off the northwestern coast of Europe lies one of the most beautiful islands in the world. For centuries, writers and poets have sung the praises of Ireland's green meadows and wild mountains. The country's natural resources are very insignificant. There are no deposits of coal, iron ore, or oil on its territory. Ireland is famous for its food and textile industries; it is also rich in its unique Gaelic culture, which, with waves of emigrants from this small country, spread throughout the world.

The first conquerors of Ireland were the Celts, who divided the island into small principalities. Traces of Celtic culture remain in Irish folklore. These are heroic legends and wonderful stories about gods, heroes and battles. In 432, Saint Patrick brought Christianity to the country and became its patron. Ireland has become one of the cultural centers of Europe. Literature, painting and science flourished.

In 795, the peaceful life of the islanders was disrupted by the Vikings. Having conquered the island, they founded many settlements, including Dublin, the current capital of Ireland. In the 12th century, the Normans took possession of the island. Later, in order to strengthen the power of England, the English monarchs Henry VIII, Elizabeth I and James I settled English and Scottish Protestants on the lands of the Irish. The consequences of this policy are still felt today: conflicts between Catholics and Protestants continue in Northern Ireland.

Irish communities on all continents carefully preserve the customs of their homeland. In 1973, the Republic of Ireland joined the European Union. As a member of the Union, Ireland gradually became a prosperous country independent of Great Britain, its powerful neighbor and former overlord. Ireland's traditional textile industry and agriculture have been replaced by modern industry.

Interesting facts about Ireland in English with translation will help you learn a lot of new things and prepare for the lesson.

Interesting facts about Ireland in English

The Irish flag dates from the 1800’s.

There are more mobile phones in Ireland than there are people.

Ireland joined the European Community in 1973.
Ireland was one of the initial 12 European Union nations that began using the euro currency in 2002.

The Irish capital, Dublin is home to over one quarter of the total population.

Other Irish cities of note include Cork, Limerick and Galway.

Irish novelists have made major contributions to world literature. Famous writers include Jonathan Swift - Gulliver's Travels, Bram Stoker - Dracula and James Joyce - Ulysses.

Ireland has won the Eurovision Song Contest a record seven times.

A number of multinational technology corporations have set up European headquarters in Ireland helping to make it one of the largest exporters of hardware and software-related goods and services in the world.

Saint Patrick's Day is Irelands official national holiday. The 17th of March holiday is celebrated in Ireland and also embraced by many other countries around the world.

The world famous Guinness beer is from Ireland, it originated in the Dublin brewery of Arthur Guinness.

Gaelic football and hurling are traditional sports of Ireland and remain the most popular sports in the country.

At the Olympics, boxing is Ireland’s most successful sport.

In 2002 Ireland was the first country in the world to have an environmental tax for plastic shopping bags and in 2004 it was the first to introduce a public smoking ban.

Shamrock (type of clover) is the national symbol of Ireland and along with the harp it is a registered trademark of the country.

interesting facts about Ireland with translation

The Irish flag dates back to 1800.

There are more mobile phones in Ireland than people.

Ireland joined the European Community in 1973.
Ireland was one of the first 12 European Union countries to use the euro in 2002.

The Irish capital, Dublin, is home to more than a quarter of the total population.

Other notable Irish cities include Cork, Limerick and Galway.

Irish novelists have made great contributions to world literature. Famous authors include Jonathan Swift - Gulliver's Travels, Bram Stoker - Dracula and James Joyce - Ulysses.

Ireland has won the Eurovision Song Contest a record seven times.

A number of multinational technology corporations have established European headquarters in Ireland, helping to make it one of the largest exporters of hardware and software products and services in the world.

St. Patrick's Day is an official national holiday in Ireland. The 17th March holiday is celebrated in Ireland and is also covered by many other countries around the world.

The world famous Guinness beer is from Ireland and originated from the Dublin brewery of Arthur Guinness.

Gaelic football and hurling are the traditional sports of Ireland and remain the most popular sports in the country.

At the Olympics, boxing is Ireland's most successful sport.

In 2002, Ireland was the first country in the world to have a green tax on plastic shopping bags, and in 2004 it introduced the first ban on smoking in public places.

The clover is the national symbol of Ireland and, along with the harp, is a registered trademark of the country.

Ireland Essay, Research Paper

IrelandIreland is an island country lying to the west of Great Britain. Itis separated from Great Britain by St. George's Channel, the Irish Seaand the Northern Channel. At its greatest length, from northeast tosouthwest, it measures three hundred and two miles. The first human settlements on the island on the northeastern edge of Europe were maderelatively late in European prehistory, about six thousand B.C. Itremained relatively uninhabited and uninvaded. The only knowledge ofthis Ireland is through references in Greek and Roman literature andpagan legends that survived into the Christian period. Sometime between six hundred and one hundred fifty B.C. Celtic peoples from westernEurope, Known as Gaels, invaded and subdued the inhabitants. The basic units of the Gaelic society were the tuatha, which were petty kingdoms. They remained independent of each other but shared the same common language, Gaelic. There were also a class of men called brehons, “who were learned in customary laws and helped to preserve throughout Ireland a uniform yet archaic social system.”(Grolier) One reason for the unique nature of their society was that the Romans, who had transformed the Celtic societies of Britain and other societies with their armies, roads, administrative system and town structures, never tried to conquer Ireland. A result of Ireland's isolation from Romanized Europe was the development of a distinctive Celtic type of Christianity.While Saint Patrick introduced Latin Christianity into the country in the fifth century, the system of bishops with territorial dioceses which was modeled on the Roman's administrative system, it could not find securityin Ireland at the time.(Grolier) Though the independent tuath remainedthe basic unit of Gaelic secular society, the sovereign monastery becamethe basic unit of Celtic Christianity. During the sixth and seventh centuries Irish monasteries were great centers of learning. Such missionaries as Saint Columba and Saint Columban were sent out to the rest of Europe. While the rest of Europe was in the Dark Ages, thiswas Ireland’s golden age.(Grolier)In the late Eighth century, Vikings from Scandinavia began toraid Ireland. The other parts of Europe about this time were responding to the pressures of the invasions by developing the system offeudalism. However, the Gaelic society did not lend itself to such developments because it lacked the heritage of Roman law that provided the framework for the feudal system.(Grolier) The complex and detailedkinship arrangements in which both property-holding and succession toleadership roles were regulated by brehon laws . This has weakened the exchange of land for military service, a basic bargain underlying feudalsystems. Eventually, the Gaelic society managed to organize resistance. In1014, Irish forces led by King Brian Boru decisively defeated theVikings at the Battle of Contarf. King Brian was giving the title “highking of Ireland”. (Grolier) During Brian’s tenure (1002-14) his powerthroughout much of the island was insignificant. Without the infrastructure of feudalism he was unable to make the transition from symbolic kingship to effective monarch, which was beginning in other parts of Europe.(Grolier) Though the Vikings were gone, they left their markupon the island by founding Ireland’s first cities, including

Dublin, Limerick and Waterford. The unity experienced under Brian had long disappeared by the time Ireland faced her next challenge. It came from, the highly effectivefeudal monarchy founded by William the Conqueror after his invasion ofthat country in 1066 from Normandy (Grolier), England. In 1171,Henry II, a descendant of William, took advantage of a letter fromPope Adrian IV. It authorized Henry to make himself overlord of Ireland in order to bring the Irish Church more “in line with Romanstandards.”(Grolier) Many Anglo-Norman barons along with their retainers had already seized large parts of Ireland when Henry himselfwent to the accompanied island by an army to receive formal submissionof those barons and most Irish Kings. In those areas where the Anglo-Norman barons settled and scattered the native Gaelic aristocracy, a feudal system was establishedsimilar to their native English and Norman lands. However, it was notan effective centralized monarchy like the Norman feudalism favoredin England. (Grolier) The English government was usually distracted and did issue much authority to the colony. Ireland was mainly divided into three concentric regions at this time: 1. Dublin and its immediate area, it was the only area where the English exercised any authority; 2. a broad area of ​​territories beyond Dublin which where semi-independent fiefs of the great Anglo-Norman lords; 3. territories on thewestern coast of Ireland that retained Gaelic customs and remained completely outside of the English rule. (Grolier)The English colony in Ireland reached its peak in the earlyfourteenth century. The Gaelic society was enjoying a significant resurgence. Not only by winning back territories from the colonists butthrough the change of the Anglo-Normans into an “Anglo-Irish” aristocracy. As Anglo-Normans interarried with the natives and adopted the Gaelic language and customs, they progressively became to be “more Irish than the Irish.” (Grolier – O’Brien,34)The Anglo-Norman conquest hurried reforms that brought the Irish church more in line with Roman standards. English legal practicesand civil administration were introduced. Additionally, an Irish parliament, modeled on the English one, was created in the late thirteenth century. (Grolier)By the end of the Middle Ages it became clear that the Anglo-Norman conquest was a failure. In the sixteenth century the Englishmonarchs, Henry VIII, Mary I and Elizabeth I, made concertedefforts to reconquer Ireland by use of military and by the establishment orplantation of colonies of English settlers upon the island. (O’Brien, 36)However, Henry’s ties between the Church of England and the papacycomplicated the attempts of reconquest. In Ireland, unlike England, there was practically no inherent sympathy with the Protestant reformers among either the Gaelic-Irish or the Anglo-Irish. Consequently, the trans-formation of the Church of Ireland into a Protestant church was rejected overwhelming by the majority of the population. (Grolier)

1. De Vere White, Terence. Ireland. New York: Walker and Company. 1968. 2. “Ireland”. Collier's Encyclopedia. volume 11, pages 131-144 1959 ed. 3. “Ireland”. Encyclopedia Britannica .volume 12, pages 592-620 1951 ed. 4. "Ireland, history of. medieval Ireland.” Grolier MultimediaEncyclopedia. Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc. 1995 ed. 5. O'Brien, Elinor. The land and people of Ireland. Philadelphia & New York: JB Lippincott Co. 1953

Ireland is an island on the west side of Europe. The capital of Ireland is Dublin. There are about 5 million people in the Republic of Ireland. It is a small country but a lot of people know about it. In many countries there are Irish priests and nuns.

People left Ireland to find work in those countries and they stayed there. All over the world there are people with Irish blood.

The country is in two parts. The larger part, the Republic of Ireland, is in the south. The smaller part of Ireland, Northern Ireland, is part of the United Kingdom and its big city is Belfast. Like a lot of other countries, Ireland had sad and difficult times, but it had good times too. The Irish are kind and polite people, they welcome strangers. The Irish love to talk. Ireland is a beautiful country with fine lakes, tall mountains and attractive beaches. It has two great rivers. It is a very green country. It is green partly because it rains too much.

Ireland is a country of good butter, good beer and good horses. People come from all over the world to buy Irish horses, from Europe, from America, from Arab countries and from the Far East. Ireland also has its manufacturing industry.

Ireland (translation)

Ireland is an island in western Europe. The capital of Ireland is Dublin. The population of the Republic of Ireland is more than 5 million people. It is a small country, but it is known to many people. There are Irish priests and monks in many countries.

People left Ireland to find work in other countries and stayed there. There are people with Irish blood scattered all over the world.

The country consists of two parts. The largest part, the Irish Republic, is in the south. A smaller part of Ireland, Northern Ireland, is part of the United Kingdom, and the largest city there is Belfast. Like many other countries, Ireland has had its share of sad and difficult times, but there have also been good times. The Irish are kind and polite people and they greet strangers well. The Irish love to chat. Ireland is a beautiful country with beautiful lakes, large mountains and attractive beaches. There are two large rivers here. This is a very green country. It's green partly because it rains a lot here.

Ireland is the land of good butter, beer and horses. People come from all over the world to buy Irish horses: from Europe, America, Arab countries and the Far East. Ireland is also famous for its manufacturing industry.