Trafalgar Square. Trafalgar Square is a square in the center of London, where, on the site of the Cross of Charing, the three main streets of Westminster converge - the Strand, Whitehall and the Mall. Initially it was called King William IV Square, but its final name was given in honor of the English victory at Trafalgar in 1805. In the center of the square is Nelson's Column made of dark gray granite, 44 m high, topped with a statue of Admiral Nelson. The four sides of the column are decorated with frescoes made from captured and melted Napoleonic cannons. It was built in 1840-1843 and is surrounded by lion sculptures and fountains. There are four sculptures in the corners of the square.
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“Higher education in the UK” - Implementation of the Bologna process in the UK. Industrial and Commercial Biotechnology, MSc. 1. Determination of bachelor's and master's qualifications. Educational program in biotechnology at Newcastle University. Duration of training. All British universities traditionally use a system of external experts.
“Customs and traditions of Great Britain” - Traditions and customs of Great Britain. Halloween – October 31st. Awards. But the plot was unexpectedly foiled. Christmas in Great Britain. Mother's Day in Great Britain is celebrated on the fourth Sunday of Lent. Organ music concerts are held in Catholic churches. Official visits. On Easter Day, religious services are held in churches at dawn.
Trafalgar Square. Trafalgar Square is a square in the center of London where the three main streets of Westminster, Strand, Whitehall and the Mall, converge. Initially it was called King William IV Square, but its final name was given in honor of the English victory at Trafalgar in 1805. In the center of the square is Nelson's Column made of dark gray granite, 44 m high, topped with a statue of Admiral Nelson. It was built in the years, surrounded by sculptures of lions and fountains. There are four sculptures in the corners of the square. Around the square are the London National Gallery, the Church of St. Martin in the Fields (architect J. Gibbs, 1721), the Admiralty Arch and several embassies.
London National Gallery London National Gallery is a museum in London containing more than 2,000 examples of Western European painting from the 13th to early 20th centuries. The paintings in the gallery are exhibited in chronological order. The old Flemish masters, early Florentine and Sienese painting, Italian Renaissance and Baroque artists are represented here: Masaccio, Botticelli, Raphael, Giovanni Bellini, Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese and others. The paintings of the famous masters of French classicism Nicolas Poussin and Claude Laurent, as well as an amazing series of works by Holbein the Younger are kept here. It is in London's National Gallery that the largest collection of Velázquez paintings outside Spain is located. Duccio (full name - Duccio di Buoninsegna;) is considered one of the most prominent Italian painters of the turn of the 13th-14th centuries, the founder of Siena Gothic. The London National Gallery houses Duccio's works from his large altar composition Maesta (the magnification of the Virgin Mary and Child), which he painted for the main altar of the Siena Cathedral in the years now considered among the masterpieces of Italian painting. These include the Healing of the Blind and the Annunciation - paintings full of lyricism and spirituality. Despite the small size of the boards, you can feel the inner strength in them, which will later be characteristic of Masaccio’s masterpieces. In Healing the Blind, a group of saints led by Christ stands out with a bright spot of color against the background of the city, painted in pinkish-white tones. The figures of Christ and the two saints following him are especially expressive in their rich color scheme, and Christ’s clothes with their deep tones attract the main attention.
Caravaggio Caravaggio (his real name is Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio) was born in Milan. His role in the development of painting at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries was enormous. He received his first painting lessons in the studio of Simone Peterzano, where he painted objects and draperies in paintings by already well-known, established masters. With this knowledge he left for Rome. Everything that Caravaggio achieved later, first of all, he owes to his great talent, his frantic temperament and bold view of things, his ability to cut off all unnecessary details. Only to a certain extent, Caravaggio’s successes are the merit of those painters who taught him. He was a great Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, thinker, one of the greatest masters of the Renaissance. The London National Gallery houses the painting “Supper at Emmaus”, commissioned by Ciriaco Mattei to depict a scene from the Gospel of Luke. This is undoubtedly one of Caravaggio's masterpieces from the Roman period. The canvas depicts a simple meal of four people gathered together. Contrasting chiaroscuro pulls out their faces, clothes and white tablecloth from the semi-darkness of the background with an amazingly painted still life of grapes, fruit and fried chicken lying in a basket.
Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (Spanish: Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes; March 30, 1746, Fuendetodos, near Zaragoza April 16, 1828, Bordeaux) Spanish painter, engraver, draftsman. The London collection contains a number of works characterizing various periods of this master’s work. One of his works is Portrait of Donna Isabel de Porcel. In the storm of wars and revolutions that shook Europe at the beginning of the 19th century, it was lost, and the Portrait of Donna Isabel de Porcel, which before the Napoleonic Wars adorned the Academy of San Fernando in Madrid, is now in the London National Gallery. The portrait shows a young Spanish woman in a black lace dress in the fashion of that time. Blonde hair, a thinly defined nose, plump pink lips - one cannot help but admire the beauty of this woman. But her main decoration is her amazing gray-green eyes, looking proudly and almost defiantly. The whiteness of the face is contrasted by a black lace cape.
The most important English artist of the 18th century was Thomas Gainsborough (). Classical traditions had almost no influence on his work. He was a wonderful painter, landscape painter, graphic artist and portrait painter. The Portrait of Sarah Siddons is Gainsborough's portrait masterpiece. Sarah Siddon, one of twelve children of the owners of a traveling theater, managed to become the leading actress of her time. Both Reynolds and Lawrence painted her portraits. However, perhaps only Gainsborough managed to perpetuate the image of this great actress, who managed to come through all the thorns to fame. Sarah sits in a chair against the backdrop of red drapery, which sets off the actress’s blue costume (blue was the artist’s favorite color). Her graceful, slightly predatory profile is crowned with a black hat with feathers, looking like a crown on her. The actress' yellow scarf goes well with the brown fur muff resting on her lap. With all her appearance, Sarah seems to be saying: “Look at me, this is what I am. And I owe everything I have only to myself.”
William Hogarth William Hogarth () was born in London. Where and how he received his art education is unknown. At the time when Hogarth entered the artistic scene, the leading role in it still belonged to foreign artists. Among wealthy collectors, paintings by Flemish or Italian masters were valued. In the 1920s, he was mentioned as an illustrator and author of topical satirical prints. In his art, formed under the influence of Callot’s drawings and satirical scenes of Dutch painters, in particular Steen, individual traits began to appear early. In Hogarth completed a series of six paintings called “The Career of a Prostitute.” The engraving prints of the series, printed in 1732, enjoyed great success. The next series of engravings, “The Career of a Waste,” was published in 1735, and in 1745 the famous cycle “Fashionable Marriage” appeared. This was followed by other series, including “Diligence and Indolence” (1747) and “Elections” (4 engravings). Hogarth also completed many individual engravings, several portraits and a number of historical paintings. In 1753, his treatise “Analysis of Beauty” was published. In 1757, George II appointed Hogarth as chief painter; in this position he succeeded John Thornhill. In 1764, the artist released his last engraving, “The End, or the Abyss.”
Slide 1
Trafalgar Square
Completed by: Tolstikhin Sergey 11th grade student
Slide 2
Trafalgar Square is a square in the center of London, where, on the site of the Charing Cross, the three main streets of Westminster converge - the Strand, Whitehall and the Mall. Initially it was called King William IV Square, but its final name was given in honor of the English victory at Trafalgar in 1805.
Slide 3
Trafalgar Square is a traditional place for rallies, demonstrations, as well as public holidays - for example, Chinese New Year and Russian Old New Year. On May 8, 1945, Churchill announced victory in World War II to Londoners gathered in the square.
Slide 4
Until recently, a special attraction of the square were pigeons that moved to the city from their traditional nesting sites - the surrounding mountains. There can be up to thirty-five thousand pigeons on the square at the same time. tourists always willingly fed the birds, buying seeds from the merchants working on the square. In 2000, the mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, banned the sale of pigeon feed in the square, removing the birdseed seller and his stall from Trafalgar Square.
Slide 5
In 1841, four pedestals for sculptures were built in the corners of the square, three of them were decorated with statues of British statesmen, the fourth was empty for a long time. In September 2005, a sculpture depicting disabled pregnant artist Alison Lapper was unveiled on the empty fourth pedestal on the northwest corner of the square. On November 7, 2007, it was replaced by the multi-colored glass installation “Hotel Model” by the German sculptor Thomas Schütte. Installation Model of a hotel on the fourth pedestal. From July 6 to October 14, 2009 (for 100 days), an action by sculptor Antony Gormley called “One and Another” was held on the fourth pedestal, during which 2,400 ordinary Britons stood on the pedestal every hour, replacing each other. On May 24, 2010, a huge plexiglass bottle with a 1:30 scale model of Admiral Nelson's flagship Victory, on board which Nelson was mortally wounded during the Battle of Trafalgar, was placed on the fourth pedestal. The author of the project is British artist of Nigerian origin Yinka Shonibare. A separate website is dedicated to the fourth pedestal under the patronage of the Mayor of London
Slide 1
Slide 2
Trafalgar Square is a square in the center of London, where, on the site of the Charing Cross, the three main streets of Westminster - Strand, Whitehall and Mall - converge. Initially it was called King William IV Square, but its final name was given in honor of the English victory at Trafalgar in 1805.
Slide 3
Trafalgar Square is a traditional place for rallies, demonstrations, as well as public holidays - for example, Chinese New Year and Russian Old New Year. On May 8, 1945, Churchill announced victory in World War II to Londoners gathered in the square.
Slide 4
Until recently, a special attraction of the square were pigeons that moved to the city from their traditional nesting sites - the surrounding mountains. There can be up to thirty-five thousand pigeons on the square at the same time. tourists always willingly fed the birds, buying seeds from the merchants working on the square. In 2000, the mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, banned the sale of pigeon feed in the square, removing the birdseed seller and his stall from Trafalgar Square.
Slide 5
In 1841, four pedestals for sculptures were built in the corners of the square, three of them were decorated with statues of British statesmen, the fourth was empty for a long time. In September 2005, a sculpture depicting disabled pregnant artist Alison Lapper was unveiled on the empty fourth pedestal on the northwest corner of the square. On November 7, 2007, it was replaced by the multi-colored glass installation “Hotel Model” by the German sculptor Thomas Schütte. Installation Model of a hotel on the fourth pedestal. From July 6 to October 14, 2009 (for 100 days), an action by sculptor Antony Gormley called “One and Another” was held on the fourth pedestal, during which 2,400 ordinary Britons stood on the pedestal every hour, replacing each other. On May 24, 2010, a huge plexiglass bottle with a 1:30 scale model of Admiral Nelson's flagship Victory, on board which Nelson was mortally wounded during the Battle of Trafalgar, was placed on the fourth pedestal. The author of the project is British artist of Nigerian origin Yinka Shonibare. A separate website is dedicated to the fourth pedestal under the patronage of the Mayor of London
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