The village of Glinka is located on both banks of the Vorya River at its confluence with the Klyazma. In 1727, this village near Moscow, which at that time was owned by Prince Alexei Grigorievich Dolgorukov, was bought by Count Yakov Vilimovich Bruce (1669-1735) - one of the associates and friends of Peter I, count, senator, president of the Berg and Manufactory boards, general Feldzeichmeister (after retirement - Field Marshal General). Representatives of the noble Scottish family of the Bruces (which gave the kings of Scotland and Ireland) settled in Russia in 1649. Jacob Bruce's elder brother Roman was the first chief commandant of St. Petersburg (Peter and Paul Fortress).
At the age of 17, Jacob Bruce entered the “amusing” army of the young tsar as a private, participated in the Crimean (1687, 1689) and Azov (1695, 1696) campaigns, and during the Streltsy riot of 1689 he came to the rescue of Peter at the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. Participated in the Great Embassy (1697-1698), studied mathematics and astronomy in England. During the Northern War, Bruce was engaged in the restructuring of Russian artillery, commanded artillery in the Battle of Poltava, for which he received the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called from the hands of Peter. It is his signature that is the first under the Nystad Peace Treaty of 1721. Bruce took part in the creation of the Navigation School in Moscow, where, through his efforts, the first observatory in Russia was equipped. Bruce was one of the most educated people, a naturalist and astronomer, and spoke six European languages. Under the successors of Peter I, Bruce, realizing that his time was up, retired from business, retired, moved to Glinka and created a unique estate there.
The ensemble of the Glinka estate, symmetrically laid out, is made in the European Baroque style. Its creation is attributed to the architect P.M. Eropkin, one of the compilers of the master plan of St. Petersburg. The main house with three wings form a front courtyard. The arched portal of the stone two-story house is rusticated, the window casings of the first floor are decorated with expressive masks. The second floor on both facades is highlighted by open loggias with paired columns. On the roof is a light wooden tower for Bruce's astronomical observations.
The outbuildings were located symmetrically with respect to the manor house, opposite which there was a regular park with a small pond, pavilions and marble park sculpture.
The pavilion, which is now called “Bruce's Laboratory”, or “Petrovsky House”, is a one-story stone building that has preserved the decorative decoration of the first half of the 18th century. On the sides of the main entrance there are semicircular arched niches for statues, framed by paired pilasters and decorated with elegant rocailles.
After Bruce's death, his library, a collection of "curious things" along with instruments and instruments were taken from Glinka's estate to the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The estate was inherited by Jacob Bruce's nephew Count Alexander Romanovich Bruce (1704-1760), godson of A.D. Menshikov, married to Princess Ekaterina Alekseevna Dolgorukova, daughter of the former owner of the estate and former bride of Peter II. In the 1750s, he built a church for the apostle on the estate. John the Theologian. The temple was consecrated in 1756, and in 1787 the Bryus family burial vault was built next to it.
The Bruces owned Glinka until 1815, after which the estate changed several owners: the merchant Usachev, the landowner Kolesova, who ordered all the naked park sculptures to be thrown into the pond, the merchant Lopatin, who built a stationery factory next door. The remaining marble figures with him were used for the construction of a dam, and the palace building was used as a warehouse for cotton. In 1899, the main house of the estate was damaged by fire. The last owner of the estate was timber merchant Malinin, who bought it in 1914.
After the revolution, part of the estate buildings was used as a shelter, a school, and an agricultural commune. Since 1930, the estate complex was leased to establish a holiday home for the People's Commissariat of the Food Industry. A major overhaul of the main house was carried out, the park was put in order, and the ponds were cleaned. At the same time, the manor church was rebuilt as a dormitory building for the sanatorium. Tombstones from the Bryusov tomb went to the fund of the branch of the State Museum of Architecture named after. A.V. Shchusev in the Donskoy Monastery.
During the war there was a hospital in the estate. Since 1948, it has been a holiday home for the Moninsky Worsted Factory. In 1962, while drilling a well, healing mineral water was discovered, and the Monino sanatorium began to specialize in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In the western wing, thanks to the efforts of local historians, the Ya.V. Bruce.
The ensemble was taken under protection as a monument of federal significance.
April 12, Shchelkovsky districtYakov Vilimovich Bruce (1670-1735) - Feldzeichmeister General, later Count and Field Marshal General, Peter's inseparable companion on his campaigns and on some travels, settled in Glinki in 1726, where he lived until the end of his life, occasionally visiting Moscow and indulging exclusively in scientific pursuits.
Bruce received an excellent education at home and was especially fond of the mathematical and natural sciences. Yakov Vilimovich Bruce was, undoubtedly, the most enlightened of all Peter’s associates. While composing and translating works, Bruce supervised the progress of the entire printing business in Russia, but most of all his name is known as the author of the calendar, which first appeared in print in 1709 with the “invention” of Vasily Kipriyanov, and “under the supervision” of Yakov Vilimovich . Although he subsequently did not publish calendars himself, he nevertheless can rightly be considered the founder of the calendar business in Rus', since he took the main part in compiling them, imitating mainly German calendars. What remained from him, as a monument to his activities, was a library and a cabinet of various “curious things,” which at that time was revered as the only one in Russia. Before his death, he bequeathed them to the Kunst Chamber of the Academy of Sciences. The composition of both is very diverse: there are books, maps, numbering about 735, manuscripts, instruments, and all kinds of rare objects (about 100).
Glinka is the oldest stone noble estate in the Moscow region. The architectural ensemble of Glinka began to take shape in 1727 - 1735, when Bruce retired and moved to Glinka, granted to him in 1721 for the Peace of Åland with Sweden.
The estate was built in the 20s of the 18th century by a master, unfortunately unknown to us, in the style of palace and park architecture, with features of European Baroque. The estate is a symmetrically planned residential complex with a utility yard, a regular park with ponds and a garden pavilion. The front courtyard, which has survived to this day, is a strictly maintained rectangular ensemble of buildings oriented to the cardinal directions, the main house and three wings. No less interesting than the architecture is the park in Glinki with its regular figured paths, in plan forming interesting complex figures in which Masonic signs can be seen. Now the territory of the estate is occupied by the Monino sanatorium. You can enter the territory completely freely through the central entrance. Several years ago, in the western wing, through the efforts of local historians, the Bruce Museum was opened. Unfortunately, the museum is now going through difficult times due to the redistribution of property and is not working.
Main manor house. The loggia in the central part of the facade is magnificent, the lower tier of which is formed by a rusticated arcade, and the upper tier by slender paired columns. The center of the building is marked by a lantern-turret, where, apparently, Bruce's astronomical observatory was located.
The windows of the lower floor rest on shelves supported by brackets, and are framed on both sides and at the top with rusticated stone with protruding triangles at the top.
The casings of the first floor windows are equipped with spectacular mascarons. According to legend, the masks represent caricatures of nobles of the time who were opposed to Bruce.
The garden side of the house was laid out in general terms similar to the yard side. The columns of the upper loggia collapsed, and in its place there was an open terrace.
The architectural style of the house is continued by other buildings on the estate.
This wing houses the Bruce Museum, now closed.
Entrance to the estate
"Bruce's Laboratory" or "Peter's House" is a one-story park pavilion, a typical example of the Peter the Great's era.
Pilasters with Corinthian capitals
Semicircular arched niches with shells on the facade, where statues were previously placed
Outbuildings and guardhouse
The second floor has been added
park alley
Manor pond. According to one legend, in the summer on a small pond, Bruce froze the water and skated, and in the winter, on the contrary, he sailed on a boat.
In the distance you can see the destroyed building of one of the former buildings of the sanatorium. It’s hard to imagine that this is the Church of St. John the Evangelist from the mid-18th century. There will be a separate post about it.
Directions: from Yaroslavsky station to the station. Monino, then bus No. 32 or minibus to the stop. "Sanatorium Monino" - 15 minutes.
The amazing estate is located near the Monino station of the Yaroslavl railway. Now here is the Monino sanatorium. We see a small two-story house with two wings on the sides. Its walls are broken by pilasters (half-columns), and the window casings are richly decorated. Caricature masks are carved into the keystones. A garden pavilion and guardhouse, located at an angle to the main house, and outbuildings border the front yard. Behind the house there is a “regular” century-old linden park with a rectangular pond. In the layout of its alleys you can see Masonic signs. The ensemble arose in the 20s of the 18th century, and it is no wonder that the influence of Italian Baroque is noticeable in the architecture.
The history of the estate began in the 17th century: at first it was a boyar estate, and then it became a monastic property, and in general one of the oldest in the Moscow region.
This estate is one of the oldest in the Moscow region, and it was preserved not on paper, not in ruins - but in quite decent shape, although, of course, there were many losses.
This estate has a special appeal and even a certain aura of mystery. The reason for this is its most famous owner, the “Russian Faust” Yakov Vilimovich Bruce.
History of the estate.
First owner. Englishman Stealth and the failed gunpowder business
In March 1710, Peter I granted the Glinkovo estate to the English businessman Andrei Stels “... for his faithful service to us the Great Sovereign.” In 1708, the Obukhov plant (Noginsk district), owned by Stealth, firmly took first place in Russia. He supplied 16 thousand pounds of high-grade gunpowder for the artillery, 18% cheaper than other powder manufacturers. Stealth informs the Ordnance Department that his plant has spare capacity and can increase production. In response, the artillery department concludes a contract with him for the annual supply of 20 thousand pounds of gunpowder, and Peter I issues a decree granting Steels a monopoly on the production of gunpowder, and the tsar “... does not order the rest to make gunpowder.” The privileges granted allowed the Englishman to increase the production of gunpowder to 34,814 pounds in 1710. However, dissatisfied owners of gunpowder factories that stood up after Peter’s decree are organizing a blockade of their competitor. They buy up all the saltpeter and sulfur (raw materials for making gunpowder), and at the same time inflate the price for them. As a result, by the end of 1711, the Obukhov plant was left without raw materials and was stopped. Unable to survive this blow, he died in January 1712. Attempts by his wife Varvara Steels to restore production were unsuccessful. She sells the plant and leaves with her children for England. In 1717, on behalf of her sister, her brother sold the Glinkovo estate with villages to Prince Alexei Grigorievich Dolgorukov.
Alexey Dolgoruky
The new owner of the estate, Alexey Dolgoruky, spent most of his time at the estate Gorenki, so this period was not marked by anything particularly noteworthy for Glinkovo. After the accession of Peter II, the Dolgorukys acquired increasing power over the emperor. The peak of the Dolgoruky's successes was the betrothal of young Peter II to the daughter of Alexei Grigorievich Dolgoruky, Catherine, at the end of 1729. The wedding ceremony was scheduled for January 19 (30), 1730. However, on January 6 (17), the emperor showed signs of smallpox and on the night of January 19 (30) , the day the wedding was supposed to take place, he died.
During the reign of Peter II, the Dolgorukys became the first nobles of Russia. Apparently, at this time of complete unlimited favor, the Glinkovo estate is no longer of significant importance for Alexei Grigorievich and he sells it, along with the villages, to the retired Field Marshal, Count Yakov Vilimovich Bruce.
It is unclear where and how the son of a serving nobleman, who was enrolled in the “amusing” class in his fourteenth year, managed to receive such a brilliant education, which then allowed him to acquire deep knowledge in various fields of science?
His inner world and home life remained impenetrable to prying eyes, especially in his last years, spent almost in hermit-like solitude. ..
Bruce died in 1735, just shy of 66 years old.
What was the future of the estate?
In 1756, under Alexander Romanovich Bruce (nephew of Jacob Bruce), the Church of St. John the Evangelist was built, to which a refectory and bell tower were added in 1883. In the 1930s, the bell tower was demolished, and the church was thoroughly remodeled, built into a dormitory building.
In the church there was a marble tombstone of the wife of Yakov Villimovich’s nephew (also not a small man, in 1784-1786 - commander-in-chief of Moscow and governor-general of St. Petersburg - from 1784) Praskovya, made by Martos.
The gravestone of the Bryusovs was saved in 1936 and transported to the Donskoy Monastery.
To understand how important this sculptural work was, it is enough to remember that the sculpture of Minin and Pozharsky on Red Square is also the work of Ivan Petrovich Martos.
Now the church building, rebuilt beyond recognition, is destroyed, although the altar is closed and it is claimed that services are being held.
By the way, in 1845, Ekaterina Alekseevna Dolgorukaya, who had almost become the wife of Peter II, returned from exile, was passed off as the owner of the estate, Alexander Bruce. However, the marriage was short-lived; two years later, Ekaterina Alekseevna died.
Yakov Alexandrovich.
After the death of Alexander Bruce, the Glinka estate was inherited by his son Yakov. Unlike his famous ancestors, he was not distinguished by any special valor either on the battlefield or in state affairs and is better known in history not for his merits, but for the adventures of his wife - Paraskovya Alexandrovna Bruce (Bryuschi, as her contemporaries called her) - confidante of Empress Catherine II. According to the description of contemporaries, Paraskovya Bruce “...was beautiful, educated, unusually dexterous and intelligent, but she was not distinguished by strict morals.” Yakov Alexandrovich, thanks to his closeness to the court and friendship with Catherine, successfully advanced in his career, rising to the rank of lieutenant general. He was a governor in a number of cities, and in 1784-86 - in Moscow. He was known as a cruel, vengeful person, a great formalist and campaigner, who did not disdain the means to achieve his selfish goals. As a governor in Moscow, he began the persecution of a group of Moscow educators led by Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov, which was completed after him by Prozorovsky, who held this position after him, with the complete defeat of this group and the imprisonment of Novikov in the Shlisselburg fortress for 15 years.
Because of love rivalry, Catherine quarreled with her favorite and alienated her from the court, prohibiting her from living in St. Petersburg. Having moved to Moscow, Brussha spends most of his time in Glinki, leading a reclusive lifestyle. Here she died at the age of 57.
Ekaterina Yakovlevna In 1791, after the death of Alexander Romanovich Bruce's father, 15-year-old Catherine remained the only heir to the huge Brusov estates. According to her father's will, Valentin Platonovich Musin-Pushkin became her guardian. In 1793, he married his son Vasily Valentinovich to Ekaterina Yakovlevna. The couple's family life was unsuccessful; there were no children. The husband is a big dandy and a spendthrift, led a high-society lifestyle, lived in grand style, burning through his father’s and wife’s inheritance. Realizing that she has been robbed and her family life is not working out, Ekaterina Yakovlevna goes abroad and initiates proceedings for divorce and the return of her estates. The case dragged on for a long time and only upon the accession of Paul I to the throne was it decided in favor of the victim, who received into her possession all the movable and immovable property inherited from her father.
In 1815, on behalf of the owner of the estate, Glinka's estate with the villages that belonged to it was sold. Thus ended the Bryusov period of the Glinka estate, and with Yakov Alexandrovich Bruce the Bryusov family in Russia along the male line also ended.
Usachev. In 1815, Bruce's great-niece sold the estate to the owner of the Glinkovskaya paper factory, Ivan Tikhonovich Usachev. He used the estate for the economic needs of his factory. But things didn’t work out, although Usachev even converted the factory into a cotton spinning factory. I had to sell the entire production to the Alekseev brothers. But things didn’t work out for them either.
In 1862, the factory and the estate were acquired by the Kolesov company. The factory employed 757 workers and was one of the largest enterprises in the textile industry. But the Kolesovs did not live in the estate, considering it witchcraft; the main house was used as a cotton warehouse. Their “management” caused her irreparable damage. The estate park was richly decorated with sculptures taken by J.V. Bruce from abroad during his numerous trips on orders from Peter I. Merchant Glafira Kolesova, a religious fanatic, saw blasphemy and sacrilege in the naked figures of gods and goddesses; she ordered the sculptures to be broken and thrown into Vorya.
In 1879, the Kolesovs sold the factory along with the estate to merchant Yakov Lopatin for 200 thousand rubles - a fabulously low price. Apparently, the economy was brought to a standstill.
Yakov Lopatin
Lopatin energetically begins to restore order.
But in 1899, misfortune befell him: the main manor house burned down from a direct lightning strike, along with all the cotton reserves in it. I had to restore everything.
And then came the second misfortune: on September 7, 1902, for an unknown reason, the factory burned to the ground along with all its contents. Lopatin was unable to rebuild it
In 1914, Lopatin sold the Glinka estate with 348 acres of land to the Vyaznikov merchant Malinin. He created a sawmill in the village of Kabanovo, transferring the estate and the plant to his son, who traded timber, cutting down the timber he inherited.
In 1918, the estate was nationalized. Unable to survive the loss, Malinin’s son, according to the recollections of old-timers, committed suicide.
After the revolution Some of the estate's outbuildings were used as shelters and schools. Then an agricultural commune was organized in the estate. In 1934, the People's Commissariat of the Food Industry leased the estate complex to set up a holiday home. During the war there was a hospital in the estate, and since 1948 there has been a sanatorium "Monino". In 1972, mineral water was discovered near the estate, and the sanatorium began to specialize in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
In 1991, the public House-Museum of Y. V. Bruce was created in the estate; one of the outbuildings was given to him. According to information from 2010, the museum is no longer open.
ВFUIMUS (“We were”) - this is the motto on Bruce’s family coat of arms, which perfectly comments on what we saw in the estate.
There are several other surviving buildings from Bruce's time on the territory: a guardhouse building, a garden pavilion, and Bruce's laboratory with niches in which statues once stood.
And the masks carved from stone on the window frames still grin and grimace.
According to legend, one of them is a portrait of the owner of the estate, the “Russian Faust”.
Dowsing specialists have recorded many interesting anomalies in the area, indicating that underground tunnels and rooms exist under the thickness of the earth.
In general, despite the ruins and some neglect of the estate, walking there is simply wonderful - clean air and an atmosphere of antiquity and unsolved mysteries.
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Of course, the estate and the sanatorium in it can evoke sad feelings, despite their good preservation - there is a smell of wet decay (the pond is quietly dying). But the greatness of the plan is obvious, although, of course, it is inferior in scale next to such buildings as Arkhangelskoye or Marfino. It’s just that this is the house of a very decent person, even though he’s a Scot. And the thoughts about life, about history, about what to do with the country next, which may arise while walking along the shady alleys, are worth this trip.
Few people know what exactly
Ten days after April Fools' Day, a special time comes - Day of All Secrets, April 11.
This was the name given to the day that falls on the date of his birth by the Count of Saint-Germain himself, a famous freemason and sorcerer.
Together with Saint Germain, another very remarkable person celebrated his birthday - astrologer, scientist, sorcerer, associate of Peter I - Jacob Bruce.
How to get there: turn to Monino from Gorkovskoye Highway, then through the village of Losino - Petrovsky. At the tall church, turn at the traffic light, and then turn at the sign “Monino Sanatorium”.
By public transport: from Yaroslavsky railway station by train to Monino station, then by bus No. 32 to the Monino sanatorium; from metro station "Shchelkovskaya" by bus No. 362 to Monino.
If you have a cycling route, it is useful to read about the road
AdditionallyYakov Vilimovich Bruce (1670-1735) - Feldzeichmeister General, later Count and Field Marshal General, Peter's inseparable companion on his campaigns and on some travels, settled in Glinki in 1726, where he lived until the end of his life, occasionally visiting Moscow and indulging exclusively in scientific pursuits.
Bruce received an excellent education at home and was especially fond of the mathematical and natural sciences. Yakov Vilimovich Bruce was, undoubtedly, the most enlightened of all Peter’s associates. While composing and translating works, Bruce supervised the progress of the entire printing business in Russia, but most of all his name is known as the author of the calendar, which first appeared in print in 1709 with the “invention” of Vasily Kipriyanov, and “under the supervision” of Yakov Vilimovich . Although he subsequently did not publish calendars himself, he nevertheless can rightly be considered the founder of the calendar business in Rus', since he took the main part in compiling them, imitating mainly German calendars. What remained from him, as a monument to his activities, was a library and a cabinet of various “curious things,” which at that time was revered as the only one in Russia. Before his death, he bequeathed them to the Kunst Chamber of the Academy of Sciences. The composition of both is very diverse: there are books, maps, numbering about 735, manuscripts, instruments, and all kinds of rare objects (about 100).
Glinka is the oldest stone noble estate in the Moscow region. The architectural ensemble of Glinka began to take shape in 1727 - 1735, when Bruce retired and moved to Glinka, granted to him in 1721 for the Peace of Åland with Sweden.
The estate was built in the 20s of the 18th century by a master, unfortunately unknown to us, in the style of palace and park architecture, with features of European Baroque. The estate is a symmetrically planned residential complex with a utility yard, a regular park with ponds and a garden pavilion. The front courtyard, which has survived to this day, is a strictly maintained rectangular ensemble of buildings oriented to the cardinal directions, the main house and three wings. No less interesting than the architecture is the park in Glinki with its regular figured paths, in plan forming interesting complex figures in which Masonic signs can be seen. Now the territory of the estate is occupied by the Monino sanatorium. You can enter the territory completely freely through the central entrance. Several years ago, in the western wing, through the efforts of local historians, the Bruce Museum was opened. Unfortunately, the museum is now going through difficult times due to the redistribution of property and is not working.
Main manor house. The loggia in the central part of the facade is magnificent, the lower tier of which is formed by a rusticated arcade, and the upper tier by slender paired columns. The center of the building is marked by a lantern-turret, where, apparently, Bruce's astronomical observatory was located.
The windows of the lower floor rest on shelves supported by brackets, and are framed on both sides and at the top with rusticated stone with protruding triangles at the top.
The casings of the first floor windows are equipped with spectacular mascarons. According to legend, the masks represent caricatures of nobles of the time who were opposed to Bruce.
The garden side of the house was laid out in general terms similar to the yard side. The columns of the upper loggia collapsed, and in its place there was an open terrace.
The architectural style of the house is continued by other buildings on the estate.
This wing houses the Bruce Museum, now closed.
Entrance to the estate
"Bruce's Laboratory" or "Peter's House" is a one-story park pavilion, a typical example of the Peter the Great's era.
Pilasters with Corinthian capitals
Semicircular arched niches with shells on the facade, where statues were previously placed
Outbuildings and guardhouse
The second floor has been added
park alley
Manor pond. According to one legend, in the summer on a small pond, Bruce froze the water and skated, and in the winter, on the contrary, he sailed on a boat.
In the distance you can see the destroyed building of one of the former buildings of the sanatorium. It’s hard to imagine that this is the Church of St. John the Evangelist from the mid-18th century. There will be a separate post about it.
In the garden of the late Earl Bruce there is a wooden country house with a belvedere and a large garden in English style, arable land, meadows, a vegetable garden, canals, gazebos and especially on the island in the pond located a beautiful large bathing house, in which the ceilings and walls are painted. al freco .
This is exactly how I. G. Georgi described in his work “Description of the Capital City of St. Petersburg” one of the most famous estates of the Peterhof Road, which once belonged to Yakov Alexandrovich Bruce, the last of the Russian Bruce family; a man who combined the positions of governor-general of two capitals at once - Moscow and St. Petersburg. His estate stretchedfrom the Gulf of Finland opposite the current Kronstadt Square to the Baltic Railway. Over the course of two centuries, the estate changed its owners several times, leaving today only a few landscape details as reminders of itself. But - first things first...
At the beginning of the 18th century, during the formation of the Peterhof Road ensemble, the site was granted to Prince Mikhail Fedorovich Shakhovsky. And by 1719, on the territory of the estate there was a manor house with outbuildings, and the small river Chernaya (later Dachnaya) flowing through made it possible to create a picturesque pond.
To this day, the estate pond is the dominant feature of the surrounding area.
At the end of the 30s of the 18th century, a new owner appeared at the estate - Count Mikhail Gavrilovich Golovkin. By that time, he had studied abroad and had the status of ambassador in Berlin. During the reign of Anna Ioannovna, Golovkin supervised the work of the Mint, and during the regency of Anna Leopoldovna, he received the status of vice-chancellor.
Complex political intrigues prevented Golovkin from enjoying his possessions on the Peterhof Road
Being the son of Peter's chancellor G.I. Golovkin, the count was able to double his estate holdings, because having married Ekaterina Ivanovna Romodanovskaya, he received a neighboring plot to the west as a dowry. As a result, Golovkin’s total estate amounted to 200 fathoms.
Golovkin’s plans included the construction of a new manor house in the Baroque style. However, he failed to implement this plan. This was prevented by a palace coup, which resulted in the accession of Elizabeth Petrovna to the throne. Golovkin was immediately arrested for participation in the conspiracy and sentenced to death, which was later replaced by exile to Yakutia. The estate of the vice-chancellor on the Peterhof road was confiscated and in 1745 it was granted to Vasily Fedorovich Saltykov, who by that time had the post of chief of police of St. Petersburg, as well as an attempt“put your paw” on the legendary “Red Zucchini”, located nearby since Peter’s times.Later, Saltykov, fulfilling the instructions of Elizaveta Petrovna, sent the family of the deposed Anna Leopoldovna into exile. As a reward for his service, the Empress personally awarded Saltykov the highest state Order of St. Andrew the First-Called.
Vasily Fedorovich Saltykov is a great connoisseur of properties on the Peterhof Road
After his death 10 years later, the estate was divided into two parts between his sons, thus returning to its original divided state.The western part passed to Alexander Vasilyevich Saltykov. It once housed the Vorontsov estate, and now there is a monastery courtyard with the Church of Faith, Hope, Love and their mother Sophia.
Sergei Vasilyevich Saltykov - one of the first favorites of Catherine the Great
The eastern part of Bruce's future estate came into the possession of the chamberlain of Grand Duke Peter Fedorovich Sergei Vasilyevich Saltykov. Rumor ascribes to Saltykov the paternity of Paul the First, thus elevating him to the status of the first favorite of Catherine the Second. Perhaps this is why Saltykov didn’t really get to enjoy his ownership. After the birth of the heir to the throne, the future Paul I, Saltykov was gently removed from the court and sent with this news to Sweden, and later as an envoy to Hamburg, Dresden and Paris. Without actually visiting St. Petersburg, Saltykov was forced to sell his estate on the Peterhof road. So the estate found its new owner, the already mentioned Jacob Bruce. He was the great-nephew of the famous associate of Peter the Great and his namesake, Jacob Bruce. His wife was Praskovya Ivanovna Rumyantseva, the sister of the future Field Marshal Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky.
Yakov Bruce - the man whose name is associated with the flourishing of the estate on the Peterhof road
Jacob Bruce took part in the Seven Years and Russian-Turkish Wars, and later alternately held the positions of governor-general of the Novgorod and Tver governorships, Moscow and St. Petersburg. The impeccable service of Catherine the Second allowed Bruce to become a senator and holder of a number of orders, as well as gain counthood.
The flourishing of the seaside estate is also associated with the name of the new owner. Apparently, he built a new manor house, which consisted of a main building and two adjacent side wings. Three alleys laid across the littorina ledge led down to the Peterhof road. In addition to the originally existing rectangular pond, another round pond was built with an artificial island in the middle, on which a swimming pool was located (with that al freco – a special technique of painting on wet plaster) . The pond was surrounded by a garden laid out in the English style. A central alley was laid deep into the estate through the forest. The outbuildings were located on the site of the former Shakhovsky estate. It was the period of Bruce’s ownership of the estate that can safely be called the peak for the estate in terms of architectural and park solutions.
The artificial island can now be reached via a small bridge
The estate pond is practically the only thing that reminds us of the “noble roots” of these places
According to some reports, Bruce died at his estate on the Peterhof road. By testimony of Prince Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko, secretary of Catherine II
Bruce died after a ten-day illness, to the general sorrow of the entire city. He was on duty when he fell ill and sent me a cane, and three days before that he dined at Strekalov’s, from where, getting into the carriage, he hurt his leg, which resulted in erysipelas and gout. Having left the palace, he went home and began to rave; Doctors were called in and found that Antonov was already on fire below the bruised area, and gout was in the stomach.
With the death of the count in 1791, everything changed.Bruce's only daughter, Ekaterina Yakovlevna, married Count Vasily Valentinovich Musin-Pushkin, who served as chief keeper of wines at the imperial court. In 1808, he sold the dacha to retired captain P.F. Knorring. In 1820, the merchant A. I. Severin became the owner of the estate. At the end of the 1830s, a new owner appeared at the dacha - the merchant Solodovnikov.By this point, there was no manor house left on the maps of that time; it may have been lost in a fire
After some leapfrog with the owners of the estate, a new period of its existence began - the dacha period, the beginning of which can be dated back to the mid-19th century. By that time, the territory of the estate was in the possession of the Krutikov merchant family. There were stone and wooden houses, a shop, an inn, a brick and pottery factory on it.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the estate changed its owner again: this time it was the entrepreneur Sergei Konstantinovich Maksimovich, who divided the once estate territory into plots for dacha construction and lobbied for constructionelectric railway along the Peterhof highway from St. Petersburg through Oranienbaum to Krasnaya Gorka.Apparently for this reason, the estate itself and the settlement that arose were named Dachnoye - a toponym that has survived to this day, despite all the vicissitudes of the 20th century. In the summer of 1904, the St. Petersburg provincial government approved the plan proposed by Maksimovich for the “suburban estate “Dachnoe”” with a network of streets and alleys. Housing here was in demand, because the place was a combination of favorable nature and climatic conditions with urban amenities (lighting, running water, well-kept streets).
This is what the territory of the former estate of Bruce, and later the village of Dachnoe, looked like on the map of St. Petersburg in 1913
The development of the area's road network did not stand still either. In place of the central alley of Bruce, Ekaterininsky Avenue appeared, two more were laid parallel to it - Kharkovsky Avenue and Poltavskaya Street, as well as a number of small alleys. The garden and ponds became common areas for residents; buildings on the site of Shakhovsky’s estate were also preserved. By the time the Great Patriotic War began, the territory of Bruce’s estate was completely built up with individual residential buildings.
This is how Dachnoye is described in:
Having saved up the amount required for the contribution, in 1907 my father purchased a plot of 15 acres in Dachny on Ekaterininsky Prospekt... Three-quarters of the plot was covered with dense forest and undergrowth and therefore had a lovely appearance. The Dachnoye estate was well planned, had forests, dug ponds with a bathhouse and boats, oak and linden alleys. It was crossed diagonally by Popov Stream (the Dachnaya River, which flows between Leni Golikov and Khrustitsky) with picturesque banks. Along the Peterhof Highway the estate extended only 213.4 meters. This width has been established since the time of Peter the Great...
The foliage and needles were so thick that one and a half meters away one could not see each other...
Across the road from our house there was an old clay road, darkened on the sides by huge spruce and pine trees...On Ekaterininsky Prospekt in house No. 8 (a manor house) there were dances for young people, and there was a “flying post office”. A brass band was playing. Then the dances were moved to a large hall, to the house of railway engineer Antipov at 35 Ekaterininsky Prospekt...
In Dachnoye, starting from Peterhofskoye Highway, construction was only on the left side of Ekaterininsky Avenue up to the estate house No. 8 and beyond. This row of eight houses was called “state houses”. One-story wooden houses with mezzanines, cottage houses, covered with trees in the summer, were very old, 125 years old...
Only house No. 1, facing the Peterhof Highway, was stone, one-story, of the old manor type, with columns on the side wall. The white color of the house, the red tiled roof, the columns suggested that its builder - and possibly the owner - most likely came from Ukraine, from the Poltava region. The streets in Dachnoye also had Ukrainian names - Poltavskaya, Kharkovskaya, Leshko-Poppel - and the southern ones - Krymsky Lane, Baydarsky Lane...
During the hostilities, most of the buildings were destroyed (Dachnoye was located near the front line), and some were dismantled for the construction of defensive structures. And only in the post-war years did the transformation of the Bruce-Shakhovsky estate continue. In fact, it was divided into two parts by a newly laid highway - Leninsky Prospekt. The central alley of Bruce's estate was transformed into another large transport artery - Dachny Prospekt.
Dachny Prospekt – the former central alley of Bruce’s estate
At the very location of the manor house - now the intersection of Leninsky Prospekt with Stachek Avenue (a section of the Peterhof Road) - there is a large oval lawn.
On the site of the manor house there is now an oval lawn
Stachek Avenue (a fragment of the former Peterhof Road) and Leninsky Avenue intersect here
The only reminders of the noble origin of the territory of Bruce’s estate are the preserved ponds with an island in the middle, as well as the toponym “Dachnoye”, which is counting down the second century of its existence.
Instead of the Bryusov bathhouse, the island is now decorated with a strange-looking gazebo
P. S. The following materials were used when writing this article:
S.B. GORBATENKO “Peterhof Road”
A. Y. Alekseev Toponym “Dachnoe”: 110 years of history. MEETINGS ON PETERSHOF ROAD. Materials of the local history conference St. Petersburg 2014
Pylyaev M.I. The forgotten past of the outskirts of St. Petersburg
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