Many of us, especially schoolchildren and their parents, tirelessly wonder why we need to know history. What is the significance and relevance of studying events that happened many years ago? However, there are many varied reasons that indicate the need to study this subject, which is a combination of many other disciplines. Many arguments have already been made about the importance of history, but they still remain relevant today. So I want to know everything and the site jokelist.ru helps me with this.

Virtual time machine

Studying significant historical events and people is like traveling back in time. History studies the past and the legacy of the past in the present. This is necessary in order to know how our modern world and the peoples of our planet became what we see them today, as well as how we evolved.

Many mysteries, frightening and intriguing, cease to be so mysterious as soon as the complex reasons and events that led to them become clear. This explains why history is needed. When the commonalities we share with people from the past are understood, as well as the differences in the present, an awareness of our society, its present, past and future is formed.

Learning from mistakes

At the same time, history offers us much more than the past events that led to the creation of the modern world. Why is history needed? It offers us a study of the past and present of peoples and foreign states unknown to us, in which everything is arranged completely differently. Knowing what we share with people in the past, and along the way learning how much their lives differ from ours in the present, we can turn the future for the better. We look back and see the consequences:

• bloody wars;
• revolutions and coups d'etat;
• thoughtless attitude towards nature;
• great discoveries;
• misconceptions and illiteracy.

You can step on the same rake many times. For what? It is necessary to study history in order to extract mistakes from the past and prevent them in the future.

We adopt experience

Moreover, history attempts to understand the past lives of individuals and society as a whole by exploring all possible aspects of their reality. The diversity of human experience is explored: how much people differed in their ideas, beliefs and cultural practices, how widely their experiences varied depending on time, nationality and social status, how much humanity fought with each other while inhabiting the planet we share.

The experience of the past is colossal and invaluable. Its undeniable significance for future generations shows why history is needed. Think about events, analyze them, “digest” the information and only then, based on past experience, understand the present, make an expedient and safe plan for the future.

General development

History analyzes the past, assessing the complex web of causes that help us understand current events and phenomena in the modern world. It teaches analytical skills, critical thinking and logical analysis of situations, which are simply necessary when studying many school subjects. History trains your memory and teaches you how to correctly process and perceive information, helps you develop the skills so necessary to look beyond the headlines of texts, ask the right questions and express your own opinions.

Raise patriots

A healthy social atmosphere in the country, a full-fledged society and peace is the goal that all people in general and each individual state in particular strive for. It is impossible to value everything with money and pay for everything. Therefore, the state rests not on businessmen, but on philanthropists, altruists and patriots. The whole world rests on them. History remembers them. Those who loved their country, who gave their lives for the happiness of others. These are fearless warriors, selfless doctors, talented scientists, and simply selfless patriots of their people.

Why is history needed? Because it popularly tells each next generation about what it owes to its ancestors. We will learn what ideals our great-grandfathers lived by, what feats they performed. We understand how their lives impacted our present. Fostering respect for the past with its reforms, struggles, victories and failures is the task of history.

Why study history?

Today is inseparable from yesterday. All people and nations live by history: we speak languages ​​that have come down to us from the distant past, we live in societies with complex cultures inherited from ancient times, we use technologies developed by our ancestors... Thus, the study of the relationship between the past and the present is undeniable basis for a good understanding of modern human existence. This explains why we need history, why and how important it is in our lives.

Getting to know the human past is the path to self-knowledge. History helps us understand the origins of modern social and political problems. It is the most important source for studying the characteristic behavior of people in certain social conditions. History makes us realize that people in the past were not simply “good” or “bad,” but were motivated in complex and contradictory ways, just as they are today.

Each person's view of the world is shaped by individual experience, as well as the experience of the society in which he lives. If we do not know the contemporary and historical experiences of different cultures, then we cannot even hope to understand how people, societies or nations make decisions in the modern world.

The very essence

Historical knowledge is no more and no less than a carefully and critically constructed collective memory. It is memory that makes us human, and collective memory, that is, history, that makes us a society. Why know history? Yes, because without individual memory a person will immediately lose his identity and will not know how to act when meeting other people. The same thing happens with collective memory, although its loss will not be noticeable so immediately.

However, memory cannot be frozen in time. Collective memory is gradually acquiring a new meaning. Historians are constantly working to reconsider the past by asking new questions, seeking new sources of information, and analyzing ancient documents in order to gain new knowledge and experience to better understand the past and what is happening. History is constantly changing and expanding, just like our memory, helping us acquire new knowledge and skills to improve our lives...

The question of why literacy is needed is discussed widely and biasedly. It would seem that today, when even a computer program is capable of correcting not only spelling, but also the meaning, the average Russian is not required to know the countless and sometimes meaningless subtleties of his native spelling. I'm not even talking about commas that were unlucky twice. At first, in the liberal nineties, they were placed anywhere or ignored altogether, claiming that this was a copyright sign. Schoolchildren still widely use the unwritten rule: “If you don’t know what to put, put a dash.” It’s not for nothing that they call it “a sign of despair.” Then, in the stable 2000s, people began to fearfully play it safe and put commas where they were not needed at all. True, all this confusion with signs does not in any way affect the meaning of the message. Why then write correctly?

I think this is something like those necessary conventions that replace our specific canine sense of smell when sniffing. A somewhat developed interlocutor, having received an electronic message, identifies the author by a thousand little things: of course, he does not see the handwriting, unless the message did not come in a bottle, but a letter from a philologist containing spelling errors can be erased without finishing reading it.

It is known that at the end of the war, the Germans, who used Russian labor, threatened to extort a special receipt from the Slavic slaves: “So-and-so treated me wonderfully and deserves leniency.” The liberating soldiers, having occupied one of the suburbs of Berlin, read a letter proudly presented by the owner with a dozen gross mistakes, signed by a student at Moscow University. The degree of sincerity of the author became immediately obvious to them, and the average slave owner paid for his vile foresight.

Today we have almost no chance to quickly understand who is in front of us: the methods of camouflage are cunning and numerous. You can imitate intelligence, sociability, even, perhaps, intelligence. It is impossible to play only literacy - a refined form of politeness, the last identifying mark of humble and mindful people who respect the laws of language as the highest form of the laws of nature.

(D. Bykov, 276 words)

Text of dictation 2013. Part 2

The dangers of heaven

The Internet for me is the third turning point in the history of human culture - after the advent of language and the invention of the book1. In Ancient Greece, no more than twenty thousand people heard an orator speaking in a square in Athens. This was the sonic limit of communication: the geography of language is the tribe. Then a book came that expanded the circle of communication to the geography of the country.

And now there was a dizzying, unprecedented2 opportunity to instantly convey the word to countless people. Another change of spaces: the geography of the Internet - the globe. And this is another revolution, and a revolution always breaks quickly, it only builds slowly.3

Over time, a new hierarchy of humanity will emerge, a new humane civilization4. In the meantime... for now, the Internet is dominated by the “reverse side”5 of this grandiose breakthrough discovery – its destructive power6. It is no coincidence7 that the World Wide Web is becoming a tool in the hands of terrorists, hackers and fanatics of all stripes.

The most obvious fact of our time: the Internet, which has unimaginably expanded the possibilities of the common man to speak and act, lies at the heart of the current “revolt of the masses.” This phenomenon, which arose in the first half of the twentieth century, caused by the vulgarization of culture - material and spiritual, gave birth to both communism and Nazism8. Today it is addressed to the “mass” in any person, feeds from it and satisfies it in all respects – from linguistic to political and consumer9, because it has incredibly brought the desired “bread and circuses” closer to the people, including the lowest10. This confidant, preacher and confessor of crowds turns into “noise”11 everything he touches, gives life to,12 breeds vulgarity, ignorance and aggression, giving them an unprecedented, bewitching outlet not just outside, but to the whole world. The most dangerous thing is that this playful and very intelligent “child”13 of the new civilization destroys the criteria - the spiritual, moral and behavioral codes of the existence of human society14. What can you do, in the Internet space everyone is equal in the most common sense of the word15. And I think: aren’t we paying too high a price for a wonderful opportunity to talk with a distant friend, read a rare book, see a brilliant painting and hear a great opera? Is this grand discovery made too early? In other words, has humanity grown into itself?

(D. Rubina, 303 words

Dictation text 2013. Part 1

The Gospel of the Internet

Once, many years ago,1 I talked with a programmer I knew and, among other remarks, I remember his phrase that some ingenious thing had been invented, thanks to which all the knowledge of mankind would become available to any subject,2 - the Worldwide Information Network3.

“4 This is amazing,” I responded politely, always getting bored with the word “humanity” and hating the word “individual”5.

“Imagine,” he continued, “that for a dissertation on the production of pottery among the Etruscans, for example, you no longer need to delve into the archives, but just type a certain code, and everything that is required for the work will appear on your computer screen6.”

“But this is wonderful!”7 I exclaimed.

Meanwhile he continued8:

– Unheard-of opportunities are opening up before humanity – in science, in art, in politics9. Everyone will be able to bring their word to the attention of millions. At the same time, any person, he added, will become much more accessible to intelligence services and will not be protected from all sorts of attackers, especially when hundreds of thousands of Internet communities emerge.

“But this10 is terrible...11,” I thought.

Many years have passed, but I remember this conversation very well12. And today, having changed a good dozen computers, corresponding - to the accompaniment of the keyboard - with hundreds of correspondents13, running another query from Google14 to Yandex15 and mentally blessing the great invention, I still cannot unequivocally answer myself: is the Internet “wonderful” or “terrible”? ?

Thomas Mann wrote: “...Where you are, there is the world - a narrow circle in which you live, know and act; the rest is fog..."16

The Internet - for good or evil - has cleared the fog17, turning on its merciless spotlights, piercing with cutting light to the smallest grain of sand countries and continents, and at the same time the fragile human soul18. And what, by the way, has happened over the past twenty years to this notorious soul, before whom dazzling opportunities for self-expression have opened up?

The Internet for me is the third turning point in the history of human culture - after the advent of language and the invention of the book19. In Ancient Greece, no more than twenty thousand people heard an orator speaking in a square in Athens. This was the sonic limit of communication: the geography of language is the tribe. Then a book came that expanded the circle of communication to the geography of the country. With the invention of the World Wide Web, a new stage of human existence in space arose: the geography of the Internet - the globe!

(D. Rubina, 319 words)

Dictation text 2013. Part 3

Evil for good or good for evil?

Questions related to the mighty Internet can be called existential, as is the question of what we do in this world.

There is no instrument that could determine the obvious benefit and the equally obvious evil that all great inventions bring us, just as there is no way to separate one from the other.1

“I would not rush to criticize the Internet too sharply for all the sins of humanity,” objected my friend, a famous physicist who has lived in Paris for a long time (by the way, we met him through the Internet). – From my point of view, this is a wonderful thing, if only because talented and intelligent people have the opportunity to communicate, unite and thereby contribute to the great discoveries of modern times. Think, for example, about polar explorers in Antarctica: isn’t Internet communication a great benefit for them?2 And the plebs will remain plebs, with or without the Internet3. At one time, monsters of the style of Hitler or Mussolini, with only radio and the press, managed to have a murderous influence on the masses. And the book has always been a very powerful tool: you can print Shakespeare’s poetry and Chekhov’s prose on paper, or you can have manuals on terrorism and calls for pogroms - paper will endure anything, just like the Internet4. This invention in itself does not fall into the categories of good or evil5, any more than6 fire, dynamite, alcohol, nitrates or nuclear energy. It all depends on who is using it. This is so obvious that it’s even boring to discuss. “Write better,” the professor added, “how difficult it is to become an adult in our age, how entire generations are doomed to eternal and irreversible immaturity...

– So it’s still about the World Wide Web? – I stubbornly clarified. “It was there that I read the other day: “The best thing that life has given me is a childhood without the Internet.”

So what are we actually doing in this world, I think, penetrating deeper into its secrets, trying to get to the bottom of the innermost spring, whose crystalline power will quench our thirst for immortality? And does it exist, this spring, or is each subsequent generation, which has removed the next veil from the great mystery, only capable of muddying the clear waters of existence, given to us by the unknowable genius of the Universe?

(D. Rubina, 317 words)

An account that replenishes itself

It’s good for us civilized people who have learned to use a mobile phone since the age of thirteen. For us_ there are no problems with _owning the whole variety of gadgets_ because we can no longer imagine our life without tablets and the _Internet_. It's more difficult for our parents. For example, my mother, a wise, educated woman, is still wary of a mobile phone, although she can, of course, cope with the simple functions of a subscriber to call or answer a call. As for replenishing the balance, this is a real torment. My eighty-year-old grandfather has no idea how money gets into this miniature device. In a word, the positive balance of all related telephone users is my absolute obligation. But the problem is not to replenish the balance, but to do it (on) time. Whatever I did to avoid forgetting to put money in, I drew magic crosses on my hands, wrote notes, set a reminder on my phone. Nothing (didn’t) help_ no_(no)_ and a warning SMS will come that the subscriber “Mom” called me_ and that now only incoming calls are available to him.

The end to torment and remorse was achieved with the “Autopayment” service from MTS. It turned out_ you can replenish your balance automatically_ the system itself monitors the balance_ and_ when the money runs out_ it debits the (necessary) sum from the bank card.

In order to activate the service, just go to the autopay website. *****_ and click the “Set up auto payment” option. The service is activated free of charge and the transfer of money (to) the mobile phone account is also carried out without commission.

Now it’s easy to always stay in touch with the help of MTS_ hear native voices_ by calling at any time. (In) generally_ everyone is happy_ and I am (in) generally_ _happy_ when I receive an SMS stating that 100 rubles have been debited from my account to pay for my mother’s or grandfather’s mobile phone. Thanks to our “family” operator_ MTS!

Many of us, especially schoolchildren and their parents, tirelessly wonder why we need to know history. What is the significance and relevance of studying events that happened many years ago? However, there are many varied reasons that indicate the need to study this subject, which is a combination of many other disciplines. Many arguments have already been made about the importance of history, but they still remain relevant today.

Virtual time machine

Raise patriots

A healthy social atmosphere in the country, a full-fledged society and peace is the goal that all people in general and each individual state in particular strive for. It is impossible to value everything with money and pay for everything. Therefore, the state rests not on businessmen, but on philanthropists, altruists and patriots. The whole world rests on them. History remembers them. Those who loved their country, who gave their lives for the happiness of others. These are fearless warriors, selfless doctors, talented scientists, and simply selfless patriots of their people.

Why is history needed? Because it popularly tells each next generation about what it owes to its ancestors. We will learn what ideals our great-grandfathers lived by, what feats they performed. We understand how their lives impacted our present. Fostering respect for the past with its reforms, struggles, victories and failures is the task of history.

Why study history?

Today is inseparable from yesterday. All people and nations live by history: we speak languages ​​that have come down to us from the distant past, we live in societies with complex cultures inherited from ancient times, we use technologies developed by our ancestors... Thus, the study of the relationship between the past and the present is undeniable basis for a good understanding of modern human existence. This explains why we need history, why and how important it is in our lives.

Getting to know the human past is the path to self-knowledge. History helps us understand the origins of modern social and political problems. It is the most important source for studying the characteristic behavior of people in certain social conditions. History makes us realize that people in the past were not simply “good” or “bad,” but were motivated in complex and contradictory ways, just as they are today.

Each person's view of the world is shaped by individual experience, as well as the experience of the society in which he lives. If we do not know the contemporary and historical experiences of different cultures, then we cannot even hope to understand how people, societies or nations make decisions in the modern world.

The very essence

Historical knowledge is no more and no less than a carefully and critically constructed collective memory. It is memory that makes us human, and collective memory, that is, history, that makes us a society. Why know history? Yes, because without individual memory a person will immediately lose his identity and will not know how to act when meeting other people. The same thing happens with collective memory, although its loss will not be noticeable so immediately.

However, memory cannot be frozen in time. Collective memory is gradually acquiring a new meaning. Historians are constantly working to reconsider the past by asking new questions, searching for new ones, and analyzing ancient documents in order to gain new knowledge and experience to better understand the past and what is happening. History is constantly changing and expanding, as is our memory, helping us acquire new knowledge and skills to improve our lives….

There is a lot of talk around water: how much to drink, when to drink, what to drink and what not to drink? Life hacker found out why we need water in general and how to consume it correctly. The Eden Springs company, one of the world leaders in providing offices with water and coffee*, a manufacturer and supplier of Eden bottled water in Russia, helped answer the main questions.

Why does the body need water?

For life. On average, approximately 5 liters of blood circulate in the adult body. Blood plasma is 92–95% water. Thanks to water, blood can perform its functions:

• deliver nutrients to organ cells;
• bring oxygen to tissues from the lungs and return carbon dioxide to them;
• release waste substances from internal organs through the kidneys;
• ensure homeostasis (constancy and balance of the internal environment): maintain temperature, water-salt balance, the functioning of hormones and enzymes;
• protect the body: leukocytes and plasma proteins circulate in the blood, which are responsible for immunity.

If there is not enough water in the body, the blood mass decreases and its viscosity increases. It's not easy for the heart to pump such blood. Premature wear of the heart muscle occurs, which leads to pathology up to myocardial infarction.

That is why during active sports and high loads the body needs more water.

Is it true that lack of water causes headaches?

Is it true. Even mild dehydration causes the brain to work worse.

The brain cells are more than 80 percent water, and it is constantly washed by a fifth of all blood. Plus, the brain is “bathed” in cerebrospinal fluid, which fills all the spaces in the spinal canal and cranium.

With water, oxygen and glucose are supplied to the brain, which are necessary for the generation of nerve impulses, that is, for nervous activity. Water removes metabolic products and toxins from the brain.

Therefore, if there is not enough fluid, dehydration (dehydration) of the brain occurs. And along with it:

• increased fatigue and absent-mindedness;
• memory impairment;
• slowing down the speed of mathematical calculations;
• negative emotions.

Dehydration has been found in people suffering from autism, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. But schoolchildren who drink water during the school day improve their academic performance.

What happens if I don't drink enough water?

Your health will worsen. In addition to the headache, other unpleasant symptoms of dehydration from the digestive and excretory systems will appear.

The work of the stomach and intestines is impossible without the supply of water. And there are several explanations for this. Water ensures normal digestion of food and absorption of nutrients from the intestines. If there is not enough water in the body, discomfort in the stomach and constipation will appear.

The kidneys filter 150–170 liters of blood per day to produce 1.5 liters of urine. This means that for the normal removal of toxins and waste substances, you need to drink at least 1.5 liters of water per day, but preferably more.

With a lack of fluid, the filtration ability of the kidneys deteriorates, and they themselves can accumulate an excess of toxic substances. Against this background, various renal pathologies can occur. One of the main medical prescriptions for kidney pathology is the recommendation of drinking plenty of fluids to cleanse them and restore function.

When do you need more water than usual?

When you want to have a child. The basis of seminal fluid is water. Thanks to her, the sperm goes in search of the egg, swimming through the woman’s reproductive tract until conception occurs.

The new organism also spends all nine months in an aquatic environment. The amount of amniotic fluid increases with the size of the fetus, reaching 1,000 milliliters by birth. Water supports the fetus, protects it from infections, and creates conditions for growth and development.

During childbirth, water ensures normal dilatation of the cervix and promotes the safe movement of the baby through the birth canal.

I always drink little. Will this affect me in any way?

You'll likely look worse as you get older.

Avicenna also noted that old age means dryness. In order for the skin to fulfill its protective function, it must maintain turgor (elasticity and firmness). Then she will be able to withstand the hot sun, drying wind or low air temperatures.

Healthy skin consists of 25% water and becomes wrinkled when dehydrated. This means that to maintain its turgor, daily intake of water is necessary. Better than clean, low-mineralized and without gas.

To maintain skin health, it must receive at least 2 liters of clean water per day.

What other negative consequences does water shortage cause?

Even your joints need water. If they are stiff, the person is deprived of freedom: he moves poorly and has difficulty coping with business. According to statistics, 30% of the population has joint diseases.

The joints are covered with cartilage tissue. It is the slippery elastic cartilage that ensures the mobility of bone joints. Water makes up 80% of cartilage. In addition, the articular capsule surrounding each joint contains articular fluid to lubricate the cartilaginous surfaces. With a lack of water, they collapse, causing severe pain to a person.

What should I do if I don't want to drink?

While we're busy doing things, we sometimes don't notice that we're thirsty, and we even confuse thirst and hunger, reaching for snacks when we just need a sip of water.

The best way to prevent dehydration and all its unpleasant consequences is to put a bottle or cup of clean, low-mineralized water on the table and take a sip every time your eyes fall on the water.

If you realize that you are thirsty, then eliminate your thirst in time. And if not, a sip of clean water never hurt anyone.

Both questions are good in their own way. And they deserve close attention! So.

"Why?"

The question “why” (this happened, I did this, etc.) helps to analyze the situation and draw the necessary conclusions for the future. To move on to the second question.

However, many people don't make the transition, they remain stuck in the "why". And they either continually ask this question or answer it. Answers are generated automatically, since the model is already rolled out.

Try answering the question: "Why are you late?" Easily? Of course. The alarm clock didn't go off... there was a traffic jam... mom called at the wrong time... the phone was dead...

This does not mean that all answers are lies. They may also be true. That's not the point.

The question "why?" leads to degradation.

He leads us in the same circle of the same patterns.

"For what?"

The question "why?" leads to development and self-knowledge.

The same question, asked in a different way, gives us a lot of wonderful discoveries.

"Why are you late?" Strange question. But only at first glance.

“Why did you go on vacation to this particular resort?”

"Because a cheap trip turned up"- the answer is also correct.

“Then, so as not to think, not to strain, not to be tormented by choice,”- the answer is much more interesting.

Then I learn about myself that I am lazy and passive in my choices.

What if “Because I’ve never been there”? Good too.

But better: "Because I want to see new places."

Then I learn about myself that I am inquisitive and strive for new experiences.

"Why did you quit this job?"

"Because the boss is a fool", is also true.

“Then, so as not to solve problems of mutual understanding,”- better.

“Then to find a more comfortable relationship for yourself,”- even better.

Then I learn about myself that a comfortable relationship with my manager is a priority for me. More priorities than salary, location of work, etc. And this is neither good nor bad. It's simply true. The truth about you.

Reactive and proactive behavior

The question "why?" and responses to it mark reactive behavior. "From" behavior.

Something happened and I react.

This is fine.

But to get stuck in this means to stop developing.

The question "why?" and responses to it mark proactive behavior. "To" or "for" behavior.

A small child picks up an object. If this object does not make sounds, what does the child do? It makes a knocking noise. With this object on any surface. The child wants to make sound. The child is proactive. He wants to be the cause of something, the creator of a phenomenon. For him there is only the question “why?”

"Why are you knocking?" - “To be loud!”

Proactive behavior, “why” behavior is more conscious.

In this case, there is a gap between the stimulus and the response. And this is a space of free choice.

In the case of "why" there is no gap. There is no free choice. I am a slave to habits, patterns, circumstances, other people...

In such people, passive constructions and their analogues dominate in their speech: “I have to”, “I am forced”, “I have no choice”, “I was called”, “I was told”... an endless number of variations.

The question "why?" requires awareness in any situation and with a projection for the future. Sometimes even very distant.

The question "why?" requires goal orientation. Every action must correspond to the goal, otherwise the question “why?” will have no answer and will turn into "why".

"Why are you doing fitness?" — “To be in excellent physical shape by the age of 50!”

Question "Why are you doing fitness?" somehow even inappropriate...

“Why do you spend all your free time on the couch?”

"Because I'm too lazy to move"- although honest, it’s wrong.

“Then, by the age of 50, turn into a wreck with excess weight and osteochondrosis, so that you have every reason to complain about your health, whine and make the lives of those around you worse,”- this is it.

Ask the question “why?” more often.

Be proactive.

Start by imagining the end result.