Which goddess constantly accompanies Zeus. What gods lived on the ancient Greek Olympus

Olympian gods. The Olympic gods (Olympians) in ancient Greek mythology are the gods of the third generation (after the original gods and titans of the gods of the first and second generations), the highest beings who lived on Mount Olympus. Traditionally among the Olympic... ... Wikipedia

chapter 5- GODS OF THE GAELS Of the two Celtic peoples who lived on our islands, the Gaels managed to preserve their mythology much better and more completely. Sometimes we have so much detailed stories about Gaelic deities, that they can be compared with... ... Celtic mythology. Encyclopedia

This term has other meanings, see Athena (meanings). Athena (Ἀθηνᾶ) ... Wikipedia

ANCIENT GREECE- territory in the south of the Balkan Peninsula (see also the articles Antiquity, Greece). The history of D.G. covers the period from the beginning. II millennium BC to the beginning I millennium AD Geography and ethnography Phaistos disc. XVII century BC (Archaeological Museum in Heraklion, ... ... Orthodox Encyclopedia

Greek mythology- information about G. m. has reached us in a huge number of monuments in written literature: artist. and scientific The main sources studying G. m. yavl. Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. Homer presents myth as a lens. phenomenon, doubts about the reality of ... ... Ancient world. encyclopedic Dictionary

The essence of historical mythology becomes understandable only when taking into account the peculiarities of the primitive communal system of the Greeks, who perceived the world as the life of one huge tribal community and in myth generalized the entire diversity of human relationships and natural phenomena. G. m.... ... Encyclopedia of Mythology

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Olympian gods. The Olympian gods, or Olympians, in ancient Greek mythology are the gods of the third generation who lived on Mount Olympus, the children of Kronos and Rhea. Among them are Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Athena, Aphrodite, Apollo,…
Olympian Gods, Nikolai Kun. The Olympian gods, or Olympians, in ancient Greek mythology are the gods of the third generation who lived on Mount Olympus, the children of Kronos and Rhea. Among them are Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Athena, Aphrodite, Apollo,…

Generations and their children. The first of the Olympians was Zeus. In ancient Greek mythology This is the supreme god, he had the power to control the weather. Zeus defeated his enemies with fiery lightning, sending terror to traitors thunder. It was he who settled all the gods on Olympus. His wife and at the same time sister was Hera - the goddess, patroness of family, marriage, and love. In the Olympic palace, along with Hera and Zeus, were their sisters Demeter and Hestia. Demeter was the goddess of earth and fertility. She influenced the growth of the crop, most often through her mood. When Hades kidnapped her beloved daughter Persephone, Demeter fell into despair, and earth All growth stopped. Hestia, the eldest of the children of Kronos, like Hera, patronized home life.

Hades and Poseidon were blood brothers of Zeus, however, their habitat was not Olympus. The place of Hades's dominion is the underworld. Poseidon's palace was located in the depths of the sea.

Children of the first Olympian gods

The children of Zeus, both from Hera and from many nymphs, also lived with their father in the Olympian palace. Among the strongest ancient greek gods There were twins Apollo and Artemis. Their mother was the nymph Leto. Apollo was known for his dazzling beauty, he is the god of light, arts, and predictions. Apollo, like many gods, had a dual nature. Therefore, his sacred animals were the wolf and dolphin. Demeter is the female copy of her brother, goddess of the hunt. She became famous for deciding to be chaste and spending all her time among the nymphs on the hunt.

The most beloved daughter of Zeus was Athena. She acted as the opposite of another god - Ares. Both Athena and Ares were gods of war, but Athena patronized a just and senseless war. Ares loved deceit and treachery; for him, war is a way of entertainment. Despite the cruelty, Ares lived with all the gods on Olympus. Aphrodite was considered the most beautiful goddess living in the Olympic Palace. Hesiod wrote that Aphrodite was born herself from the foam of the sea, and was later adopted by Zeus and taken to Olympus. Her husband became the most hardworking god - Hephaestus. Several myths are associated with Hephaestus, Why he did not originally live on Olympus.

The first myth says that Hera gave birth to him on her own without the participation of Zeus. Thus, she wanted to take revenge on her husband for the birth of Athena. Zeus got angry and kicked his son out of the palace. According to another myth, when Hephaestus was born, he was ugly and in poor health, and Hera became angry at baby. As a result, she threw him off Olympus. However, many years later he was adopted into a family on Olympus. Hephaestus is the god of blacksmithing and fire. In contrast to his appearance, he was very kind at heart. Hermes was considered the messenger among the Olympian gods. He patronized merchants, travelers, envoys, as well as theft, trickery, dexterity and deception.

Olympus is the highest mountain range in Greece (2917 m).

In ancient Greek mythology, Olympus is a sacred mountain, the seat of the gods led by Zeus.
Due to this, greek gods often referred to as "Olympians".

12 gods of Olympus

Zeus- the main of the Olympian gods. God of the sky, thunder and lightning, in charge of the whole world.
(In Roman mythology - Jupiter).
Hera- wife of Zeus. The patroness of marriage, protecting the mother during childbirth.
(In Roman mythology - the goddess Juno).
Poseidon- god of the seas.
(In Roman mythology - Neptune).
Hades- the god of the underworld of the dead and the name of the kingdom of the dead itself.
(In Roman mythology - Pluto).
Demeter- goddess of fertility, patroness of agriculture. Her name means "Mother Earth".
(In Roman mythology - Ceres).
Apollo- god of the sun, light and truth.
Patron of the arts, leader and patron of the muses, predictor of the future, god-healer, also cleansed people who committed murder. Apollo represents the Sun.
(Phoebus in Roman mythology).
Artemis- virgin, always young goddess of the hunt, goddess of fertility, goddess of female chastity, patroness of all life on Earth, giving happiness in marriage and assistance during childbirth.
(In Roman mythology - Diana).
Hephaestus- god of fire, patron of blacksmithing and the most skilled blacksmith.
(In Roman mythology - Vulcan).
Athena- the goddess of organized war, military strategy and wisdom, who gave her name to the city of Athens.
In addition, the goddess of knowledge, arts and crafts. Virgo-warrior, patroness of cities and states, sciences and crafts, intelligence, dexterity, and ingenuity.
(In Roman mythology - Minerva).
Ares- god of War. (In Roman mythology - Mars).
Aphrodite- goddess of beauty and love. (In Roman mythology - Venus).
Hermes- god of trade, profit, intelligence, dexterity and eloquence, giving wealth and income in trade,
god of athletes
Patron of heralds, ambassadors, shepherds, travelers. Patron of magic, alchemy and astrology. He invented measures, numbers, and the alphabet and taught these to people.
(In Roman mythology - Mercury).

Held in honor of the god Zeus Olympic Games. The first games in Olympia (Greece) took place on July 1, 776 BC.
The founder of the games is considered to be Hercules, the son of Zeus. At the first games, athletes competed in a race of 1 stage (192.27 m).
In subsequent games: running, jumping, pankratium (fighting without rules), discus, spear, horse racing, chariot racing. During the Olympic Games, a sacred truce was established between the policies. The games were held for 5 days once every 4 years. The athletes trained at Olympia ten months before the start of the competition.
The winner (“Olympian”) was given a wreath, a palm branch, and a branch of the sacred olive from the Acropolis.
The honor of the winner extended to his descendants. Only men attended the Olympic Games. The participants, anointed with oil, performed naked. The Ancient Olympic Games ended in 395 AD when Olympia was destroyed by two major earthquakes. In 1896 A.D. Frenchman Baron Pierre de Coubertin revived the idea of ancient competitions and organized the first
modern Olympic Games.

Coins "Olympic Games" and the great Olympians of Russia

Two riders are depicted - participants II Olympic Games(1900 Paris - France) from Russia against the backdrop of the Eiffel Tower, to the left of them is the emblem of the Russian Olympic Committee.

	Portraits of participants in the First Congress of the International Olympic Committee (IOC): in the center - Pierre de Coubertin, to his right - General A.D. Butovsky (founder of the IOC from Russia), to the left of them - the torch and emblem of the Russian Olympic Committee.

	The tradition of Olympic victories of Russian athletes began ON THE. Panin-Kolomenkin(1871-72 - 1956), who became the first in figure skating at the IV Olympics in London (1908). For the first time in the history of the Olympic Games, a gold medal was won by a Russian athlete.
	Summer Olympic Games 1912. The official name is the Games of the V Olympiad - the Olympic Games held in Stockholm (Sweden). The Russian football team, after being eliminated from the main tournament (defeated by Finland - 1:2), was defeated in the consolation match from the German team with a score of 0:16. This defeat remains the largest for the Russian team and to this day.
	The number "2000" against the backdrop of the Australian continent. In the interconnected three zeros there are images of a runner, a high jumper and a weightlifter, under the zeros there is a semicircle of the inscription: “CITIUS” “ALTIUS” “FORTIUS” (Faster, Higher, Stronger). "XXYII SUMMER OLYMPIC GAMES" took place in Sydney (Australia) in 2000. In the unofficial medal standings, Russia took 2nd place.
	Yashin Lev Ivanovich(1929-1990) - one of the best goalkeepers in the history of world football. From 1949 until the end of his sports career in 1971, he played for the Dynamo sports club (Moscow). Since 1957 - Honored Master of Sports of the USSR, multiple winner of championships and cup tournaments of the USSR, winner of the European Cup, champion Olympic Games L.I. Yashin is a Hero of Socialist Labor, awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, medals, the IOC Olympic Order and the FIFA Golden Order. Shown is a stylized image of a football field, on the right is a portrait of L.I. Yashin, below - a soccer ball with his facsimile signature, at the top along the circumference - the inscription: "LEV YASHIN".
	Streltsov Eduard Anatolievich(1937-1990) - one of the best Soviet strikers in the history of football, played in the Torpedo team. At the age of 17 he made his debut in the USSR national team, at the age of 18 he was the top scorer of the USSR championship (1955), at 19 years old - Olympic champion(1956 Melbourne - Australia). The best football player of the USSR (1967, 1968), member of Grigory Fedotov's scorers club. The prestigious Russian Sagittarius award, which has been awarded annually since 1997 to the country's best football players, is named in his honor. E.A. Streltsov was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, and the Torpedo stadium in Moscow was named after him.
	The coin depicts the football players at the moment of the final game Olympics in Melbourne, which took place on December 8, 1956 between the teams of the USSR and Yugoslavia and ended with a score of 1:0 in favor of the Soviet team. Inscriptions: under the image of the kangaroo “Melbourne”, below in a circle “Olympic Champions 1956”. The coin was issued in 1997 for the 100th anniversary of Russian football. The date of birth of football in Russia is considered to be October 24, 1897, when the teams of the Vasileostrovsky Football Club and the St. Petersburg Sports Fans Club met in the first match in St. Petersburg.
	The coin depicts the football players at the moment of the final game at the Olympics in Seoul October 1, 1988 between the teams of the USSR and Brazil, which ended in the victory of the Soviet team with a score of 2:1. Inscriptions: on the right - “Seoul”, below in a circle - “Olympic Champions. 1988". At the top in a circle is the inscription: “100th anniversary of Russian football.” In the unofficial medal standings, the USSR team took 1st place.
	Galina Alekseevna Kulakova(born 1942) - Soviet skier. Won every possible gold medal at the 1972 Olympics in Sapporo (10 km, 5 km and 3x5 km relay); 1976 Olympic champion in the 3x5 km relay; Vice-champion of the Olympic Games in 1968 (5 km, only Kulakova’s fall 500 meters before the finish allowed Swede Toini Gustafsson to get ahead of the Soviet skier) and 1980 (4x5 km relay); Bronze medalist at the 1968 Olympic Games (3x5 km relay) and 1976 (5 km); Won all possible gold medals also at the 1974 World Championships in Falun (10 km, 5 km and 4x5 km); Two-time world champion in 1970 in the 5 km and 3x5 km relay; 39-time champion of the USSR: 5 km (1969, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1979), 10 km (1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1982), 20 km) (1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981), 30 km (1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1980), 4x5 km relay (1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 976, 1978, 1979, 1981). Winner of the very first World Cup 1978/79 Awarded the Order of Lenin, 3 orders “Badge of Honour”, “For Services to the Fatherland” IV degree, Silver Order IOC (1984) for services to world sports. Honored Master of Sports of the USSR, Honored Worker physical culture Russian Federation. The best athlete of Udmurtia of the 20th century.
	Smetanina Raisa Petrovna(born 1952) - Soviet skier, 4-time Olympic champion. In Innsbruck (1976) she won two gold medals in the 10 km race. and in the relay, and was second at a distance of 5 km. In Lake Placid (1980) she won at a distance of 5 km. and won silver in the relay race, in Sarajevo (1984) she won two silver medals at distances of 10 and 20 km, in Calgary (1988) she won a silver medal in the 10 km race. and bronze at a distance of 20 km, in Albertville (1992) she received gold medal in the relay race. Five-time world champion. She won more than twenty gold medals at the USSR championships (1974, 1976-1977, 1983-1986, 1989, 1991) at various distances. She was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner of Labor, Friendship of Peoples, and the Badge of Honor. Honored Master of Sports of the USSR. Most medals for women in the history of the Winter Olympics (10 medals) The first athlete (both women and men) to win medals at 5 Winter Olympics in a row
	Latynina Larisa Semenovna(born 1934), an outstanding Soviet athlete - gymnast, absolute champion of the Olympic Games in 1956 and 1960, until 2012 she had the largest collection of Olympic medals in the history of sports - 9 gold, 5 silver and 4 bronze. Absolute world champion in 1958 and 1962, European champion in 1957 and 1961, Soviet Union 1961 and 1962 She was awarded the Order of the USSR - Lenin, Friendship of Peoples, three times "Badge of Honor", the Russian Federation - "For Services to the Fatherland" III Art. and IV Art., Honor, Ukraine - the Order of Princess Olga, III Art., Silver Olympic Order of the IOC.
	Andrianov Nikolay Efimovich(1952 – 2011), outstanding Soviet athlete – gymnast, absolute champion of the 1976 Olympic Games, winner of 7 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze medals at the 1972, 1976 and 1980 Olympics, world champion 1974 (rings), 1978 (all-around and rings), European champion 1971 (pommel horse and vault), 1973 (floor exercise and vault) and 1975 (all-around, floor exercise, vault). Winner of the World Cup competition 1975-1977. Multiple champion of the USSR. Awarded the Order of the USSR: Lenin, Red Banner of Labor, Badge of Honor.
	Rodnina Irina Konstantinovna(born 1949) - an outstanding figure skater, Honored Master of Sports of the USSR (1969), competed in pairs figure skating for CSKA in 1968-1972. with Ulanov A.N., and since 1973 - with Zaitsev A.G. Rodnina I.K. - champion of the USSR in 1970-1971, 1973-1975 and 1977, Europe and the world in 1969-1978 and 1980, Olympic Games in 1972 with Ulanov A.N., in 1976 and 1980. with Zaitsev A.G. Zaitsev Alexander Gennadievich(born 1952) - an outstanding figure skater, Honored Master of Sports of the USSR (1973), performed in pairs figure skating for CSKA with I.K. Rodnina. Zaitsev A.G. - champion of the USSR in 1973-1975, 1977, Europe and the world in 1973-1978, 1980, Olympic Games in 1976 and 1980
	Pakhomova Lyudmila Alekseevna(1946-1986) and Gorshkov Alexander Georgievich(born 1946) competed in ice dancing for Dynamo (Moscow). Multiple champions of the USSR, Europe, world and Olympic Games(1976). L.A. Pakhomova was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor. A.G. Gorshkov awarded with orders Red Banner of Labor, Friendship of Peoples, "Badge of Honor", "For Services to the Fatherland" IV degree. As six-time world and European champions in ice dancing, they are included in the Guinness Book of Records.
	The coin "Sochi 2014 Olympic Games" features a relief allegorical image Prometheus (titan in ancient Greek mythology, who stole fire from Hephaestus, took it from Olympus and gave it to people) in the image of a man in ancient robes with a burning torch in his hand, around him along the edge are figures of athletes representing winter sports: Alpine skiing, biathlon, bobsleigh, luge, ski jumping, speed skating, ice hockey.
	The coin "Sochi 2014 Olympic Games" features a relief allegorical image Matsesta (Matsesta - “fire water” - hydrogen sulfide healing spring in Sochi) in the image of a young woman in antique robes with a jug on her shoulder from which she pours water, around her along the edge are figures of athletes representing winter sports: figure skating, skeleton, snowboarding, freestyle, ski race, short track and curling, below in two lines there is an inscription: “SOCHI” and the date: “2014”, under them are five Olympic rings.

The main gods in Ancient Hellas were recognized as those who belonged to the younger generation of celestials. Once upon a time, it took away power over the world from the older generation, who personified the main universal forces and elements (see about this in the article The Origin of the Gods of Ancient Greece). The gods of the older generation are usually called titans. Having defeated the Titans, the younger gods, led by Zeus, settled on Mount Olympus. The ancient Greeks honored the 12 Olympian gods. Their list usually included Zeus, Hera, Athena, Hephaestus, Apollo, Artemis, Poseidon, Ares, Aphrodite, Demeter, Hermes, Hestia. Hades is also close to the Olympian gods, but he does not live on Olympus, but in his underground kingdom.

Gods Ancient Greece. Video

"Zeus from Otricoli". Bust of the 4th century BC

Aphrodite de Milo. Statue approx. 130-100 BC.

Dike- in Ancient Greece - the personification of divine truth, a goddess hostile to deception

Tyukhe- goddess of luck and good fortune. For the Romans - Fortuna

Morpheus– ancient Greek god of dreams, son of the god of sleep Hypnos

Plutos- god of wealth

Phobos(“Fear”) – son and companion of Ares

Deimos(“Horror”) – son and companion of Ares

Enyo- among the ancient Greeks - the goddess of frantic war, who arouses rage in the fighters and brings confusion into the battle. IN Ancient Rome– Bellona

Titans

Titans are the second generation of gods of Ancient Greece, generated by natural elements. The first Titans were six sons and six daughters, descended from the connection of Gaia-Earth with Uranus-Sky. Six sons: Kron (Time), Ocean, Hyperion, Kay, Kriy, Iapetus. Six daughters: Tethys(Water), Theia(Shine), Rhea(Mother Mountain?), Themis(Justice), Mnemosyne(Memory), Phoebe.

Uranus and Gaia. Ancient Roman mosaic 200-250 AD.

In addition to the Titans, Gaia gave birth to Cyclopes and Hecatoncheires from her marriage with Uranus.

The Cyclops are three giants with a large, round, fiery eye in the middle of their forehead. In ancient times - personifications of clouds from which lightning flashes

Hecatoncheires are “hundred-armed” giants, against whose terrible strength nothing can resist. Incarnations of terrible earthquakes and floods.

The Cyclopes and Hecatoncheires were so strong that Uranus himself was horrified by their power. He tied them up and threw them deep into the earth, where they are still rampaging, causing volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. The presence of these giants in the belly of the earth began to cause terrible suffering. Gaia persuaded her youngest son, Cronus, to take revenge on his father, Uranus, by castrating him.

Cron did it with a sickle. From the drops of blood of Uranus that spilled, Gaia conceived and gave birth to three Erinny- goddesses of vengeance with snakes on their heads instead of hair. The names of Erinny are Tisiphone (the killing avenger), Alecto (the tireless pursuer) and Megaera (the terrible). From that part of the seed and blood of castrated Uranus that fell not on the ground, but in the sea, the goddess of love Aphrodite was born.

Night-Nyukta, in anger at the lawlessness of Krona, gave birth to terrible creatures and deities Tanata(Death), Eridu(Discord) Apata(Deception), goddesses of violent death Ker, Hypnos(Dream-Nightmare), Nemesis(Revenge), Gerasa(Old age), Charona(carrier of the dead to the underworld).

Power over the world has now passed from Uranus to the Titans. They divided the universe among themselves. Cronus became the supreme god instead of his father. The ocean gained power over a huge river, which, according to the ideas of the ancient Greeks, flows around the entire earth. Four other brothers of Cronos reigned in the four cardinal directions: Hyperion - in the East, Crius - in the south, Iapetus - in the West, Kay - in the North.

Four of the six elder titans married their sisters. From them came the younger generation of titans and elemental deities. From the marriage of Oceanus with his sister Tethys (Water), all the earth's rivers and Oceanid water nymphs were born. Titan Hyperion - (“high-walking”) took his sister Theia (Shine) as his wife. They were born from them Helios(Sun), Selena(Moon) and Eos(Dawn). From Eos were born the stars and the four gods of the winds: Boreas(North wind), Note(South wind), Marshmallow(west wind) and Eurus(Eastern wind). The Titans Kay (Heavenly Axis?) and Phoebe gave birth to Leto (Night Silence, mother of Apollo and Artemis) and Asteria (Starlight). Cronus himself married Rhea (Mother Mountain, the personification of the productive power of mountains and forests). Their children - olympian gods Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Zeus.

The Titan Crius married the daughter of Pontus Eurybia, and the Titan Iapetus married the oceanid Clymene, who gave birth to the Titans Atlas (he holds the sky on his shoulders), the arrogant Menoetius, the cunning Prometheus (“thinking first, foreseeing”) and the feeble-minded Epimetheus (“thinking after").

From these titans came others:

Hesperus- god of the evening and the evening star. His daughters from the night-Nyukta are the nymphs Hesperides, who guard on the western edge of the earth a garden with golden apples, once presented by Gaia-Earth to the goddess Hera at her marriage to Zeus

Ory- goddesses of parts of the day, seasons and periods of human life.

Charites- goddess of grace, fun and joy of life. There are three of them - Aglaya (“Rejoicing”), Euphrosyne (“Joy”) and Thalia (“Abundance”). A number of Greek writers have different names for charites. In Ancient Rome they corresponded to grace

Keto- the evil goddess of the sea depths, sister and wife of Phorcys. Both of them personified the majestic and terrible phenomena of the sea

Iris – ancient greek goddess rainbows. Messenger of Zeus's wife, Hera

Spirits and magical creatures of ancient Greek mythology

Nymphs– fairies of nature, beautiful girls. Tree nymphs were called dryads

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