Rabies vaccination schedule. Contraindications and features of vaccination in adults, children, pregnant women

Many owners are interested in the question of what quarantine should be after vaccination against rabies in dogs. Our article will provide a complete answer. In addition, we will tell you how to prepare for vaccination.

Of course, the first place among vaccinations is the rabies vaccination. After all, this disease has no cure. Therefore, its prevention is controlled at the state level.

Why is a rabies vaccination necessary?

This disease is common to both animals and humans. The main route of infection is through sick animals. The virus for this disease is contained in the animal's saliva. It is transmitted, as you understand, by a bite. Unfortunately, there are currently no treatment options for the disease. And animals that show signs of this disease always die.

As already mentioned, vaccination against this disease is controlled at the state level. Therefore, a dog needs to be vaccinated against rabies (the basic rules of vaccination will be discussed below):

• if she participates in an exhibition;
• crosses the country's border with the owner;
• participates in breeding;
• to keep your pet and family members safe.

Vaccinations may also be required if you want to give the animal for foster care.

Dog vaccination schedule

When to vaccinate? It is very important to know the vaccination schedule for dogs so as not to vaccinate too late or, conversely, too early.

Please note that people are vaccinated against rabies at an older age than against other viral diseases. It is very important to vaccinate dogs according to age. That is, a puppy is vaccinated against plague, hepatitis, enteritis and leptospirosis for the first time at two months. Then, after three weeks, revaccination is carried out. At the same time, a rabies vaccination can be given. That is, the earliest period for this vaccination is three months. Dog breeders try to carry out the first vaccination and revaccination before the change of milk teeth. It sometimes happens that some vaccines cause darkening of the enamel. The first teeth begin to change at three months. And this process ends in six months.

Some veterinarians believe that if vaccination against viral diseases is carried out earlier than three months, then revaccination after twenty-one days is needed to form immunity. And after three months, one injection of the drug is enough.

Still, most veterinarians believe that rabies vaccination should be done between six and nine months. Of course, if there is a high risk of contracting this disease, then wait. Then you should vaccinate against rabies as early as possible (at three months) to protect yourself and your pet.

Revaccination of adults

How often do you get vaccinated against rabies? Immunity is developed 21 days after the dog is vaccinated. During this period, you should not expose the dog to stress or physical activity.

How long does the rabies vaccination in dogs last? Now let's look at this issue. Note that immunity to this disease lasts from more than a year (up to three years maximum, depending on the manufacturer. But according to veterinary legislation, vaccination is done annually.

Veterinarians also recommend using gentle vaccination regimens for old, chronically ill animals. For example, some experts advise administering the rabies vaccine to dogs not annually, but once every two years. It is believed that any drug used in practice will support immunity during a given time period.

Preparing for vaccination

Before we talk about how long quarantine lasts after vaccination against rabies in dogs, we need to talk about preparation for this event. Deworming is carried out ten days in advance. Monitor your pet's condition during the week before vaccination.

The day before vaccination, you should take the dog's temperature in the evening. After all, only healthy animals are allowed to be vaccinated.

Deworming

It is worthwhile to vaccinate dogs according to age, but before any vaccination (except for revaccinations after 21 days), the pet must be dewormed. This must be done approximately two weeks before the intended event.

The choice of drugs is quite extensive. For puppies 3 months old, products are usually used in the form of suspensions.

The following drugs are used in this case:

• "Kaniquantel";
• "Piperazine";
• "Pyrantel".

Dogs older than six months are given tablets (Enwire, Prazitel and others).

Contraindications to rabies vaccination

Contraindications include the following:

• elevated temperature;
• worms;
• immunodeficiency states;
• illness;
• exhaustion;
• individual intolerance.

Some experts advise caution when vaccinating dogs after ten years of age.

How is the vaccination done?

Before vaccination, the doctor examines the dog and measures the temperature. Then he gets vaccinated. The drug is injected into the withers area.

After vaccination, the doctor puts a mark. There he indicates the date when the vaccination was given and the name of the drug. Although most often the label from the bottle is pasted on. The veterinarian also signs and seals.

Actions after vaccination. Quarantine

After vaccination, stay with your pet in the veterinary clinic for about twenty minutes. During this time, a severe allergic reaction to the vaccine may occur.

How long does quarantine last after rabies vaccination in dogs? 21 days. During this period, protection against the above-mentioned disease is developed. If your area has a low risk of contracting the virus, then you can go for a walk from the first day after vaccination.

Is an animal contagious after vaccination? No. Since drugs based on killed microorganisms will be taken.

Is it possible to bathe a pet after vaccination? It is better to avoid water treatments for two to three weeks. This is done to prevent complications from hypothermia. Also, after vaccination, it is worth reducing the animal’s physical activity.

Reaction to vaccination - what could it be? When should you urgently go to a veterinary hospital?

Various side effects sometimes occur after vaccination. But don't worry if:

• the dog once refused food;
• the animal's temperature increased to 39.5 °C;
• the dog had one-time diarrhea or vomiting;
• The dog is lethargic within 24 hours after vaccination.

A slight lump or swelling may form at the site where the vaccine was administered.

There is no need to worry if the bump on the withers is painless and does not increase in size. This reaction will go away in a week or two.

You should consult a doctor if:

• the dog vomits repeatedly;
• an increase in temperature of more than one degree from normal;
• severe pain at the injection site;
• severe weakness;
• cyanosis of the tongue;
• dyspnea;
• convulsions;
• redness of the ears;
• salivation;
• muscle twitching;
• lack of appetite for more than a day;
• discharge from the nose or eyes.

Such a reaction occurs if the vaccine was of poor quality, errors were made during administration, or vaccination occurred during a latent period of some disease.

A little conclusion

Now you know how long quarantine lasts after vaccination against rabies in dogs, as well as how to prepare the animal for vaccination. We hope that the tips given in this article were useful to you. Always vaccinate your pets on time to avoid serious consequences!

The rabies vaccine is a lifesaver for humans. Only vaccination can reliably protect against the virus and help save the life of the victim. Despite possible adverse reactions from vaccination, all people bitten by a sick animal, regardless of gender and age, should undergo it.

What is rabies

Rabies is a very dangerous disease of viral origin. Humans are infected through the bite of an animal with rabies. The disease is quite serious, since, spreading through damaged skin through the nervous system, it causes a phenomenon fatal to human life - inflammation of the cerebral cortex (encephalitis). Both domestic and wild animals can become carriers of the rabies virus. Dogs are the most common source of infection for this deadly disease. Vaccination is currently the only way to prevent the development of the disease after contact with a sick animal.

Who needs to be vaccinated

Vaccination is required:

• In case of bites, scratches or salivation of the skin and mucous membranes by rabid animals.
• If the integrity of the skin is damaged by objects marked with the saliva of rabid animals.
• In the case when a rabid animal has bitten a person through clothing and obvious skin disorders are observed.
• In a situation where the attacking animal died 5-7 days after the bite.
• For bites from wild animals.

Also, special attention to the issue of rabies vaccination should be given to people whose profession involves interaction with wild or sick animals. The following specialties are distinguished: forester, veterinarian, hunter.

Situations in which rabies vaccination is not given:

• If the vinegar came through a thick layer of clothing and the skin was not damaged.
• If, after 10 days after the bite, the animal that committed the attack remains healthy.
• If the animal is vaccinated against rabies.

Actions to take if bitten by a sick animal

If a person becomes a victim of a sick animal, the first thing to do is try to calm down and get to a medical facility as quickly as possible.

The saliva of a sick animal quickly spreads through the blood vessels, penetrating the brain. Therefore, you should not hesitate to go to the doctor, every minute can cost your life.

First aid

First aid in the event of an attack by a sick animal:

• Immediately after a bite, wash the wound with warm water and laundry soap. The alkali contained in the soap destroys the rabies virus that may have entered the wound. Also, the soap solution perfectly washes away animal saliva and dirt.
• Be sure to treat damaged skin with an antiseptic. Iodine, brilliant green or a solution of potassium permanganate are well suited for these purposes.
• Apply antibacterial ointment to the wound.
• After such thorough treatment, cover the wound with a sterile gauze bandage.
• After receiving first aid, try to get to the doctor's office as quickly as possible.

Signs of rabies

It is very important to know whether the attacked animal has rabies or not? To determine this, you need to know some signs of rabies in animals:

• the animal is unnaturally calm or, on the contrary, shows signs of unmotivated aggression;
• the animal hides in dark corners;
• there is profuse salivation and the tongue hangs out;
• the animal eats inedible objects and categorically refuses to drink water;
• If a dog is mad, then it does not bark, but only howls or whines.

Vaccination instructions

The modern method of rabies vaccination is simpler than it was ten years ago. There are several vaccination schemes that are used depending on the situation.

Rabies vaccine injections are not given in the stomach. The graft is placed in the gluteal muscle or shoulder muscle.

Vaccination in case of attack

If a person is attacked by an animal infected with rabies, the following vaccination schedule is used:

1. the vaccination is given immediately after the victim consults a doctor;
2. another vaccination is given on the 3rd day;
3. at the end of the first week after the bite of a sick animal;
4. on the 14th day;
5. vaccination on the 30th day;
6. the latter is done on the 90th day after the bite.

This rabies vaccination regimen ensures the formation of the most durable immunity.

Additional vaccination after an attack

A patient who received a rabies vaccination no more than 1 year ago, in the event of an attack by a sick animal, undergoes additional vaccination, carried out according to a slightly different schedule:

1. one vaccination on the day the animal attacked;
2. vaccination on the 3rd day;
3. and another one after 7 days.

Preventive vaccination

Persons at risk (veterinarians, foresters) are recommended to undergo preventive vaccination, which is carried out according to a special schedule, regardless of whether there was an attack by a sick animal or not. The vaccination schedule is as follows:

• vaccination on the day of treatment;
• another one in 7 days;
• vaccination on the 30th day;
• a year later the first revaccination is carried out;
• and then one shot of the vaccine every three years.

Vaccination has the maximum effect on the rabies virus if the victim has not yet developed the first symptoms of the disease. This period (incubation) lasts from 10 to 90 days. Otherwise, the likelihood of death is very high.

Types of vaccines

When vaccinating against rabies, two types of vaccines are used:

1. CAV – cultured rabies vaccine (Rabivak). The drug is injected subcutaneously into the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity. One dose is 3 ml.
2. CoCAB is a concentrated cultured rabies vaccine (Rabipur). It is more efficient. The vaccine is purified, inactivated, and is intended not only for the treatment of rabies, but also for the prevention of the disease. The drug is available in the form of a dry powder for injection. The vaccine is administered only intramuscularly, and one dose is only 1 ml.

Interaction of the vaccine with other drugs

Some medications can have a negative effect on the production of antibodies against the rabies virus:

• Drugs whose action is aimed at strengthening the immune system.
• Chemotherapy drugs.
• Drugs prescribed for radiation therapy.
• Glucocorticosteroids.

The decision to stop taking these medications is made by the attending physician.

Contraindications

There is always a risk of side effects after receiving a vaccine. Therefore, rabies vaccination is not recommended in the following cases:

• Pregnancy (regardless of timing).
• Exacerbations of chronic diseases.
• The patient has cancer.
• Detecting allergic reactions to previous vaccinations.
• Individual intolerance to individual components of the vaccine.

Contraindications mainly relate to preventive vaccinations. In the event of an attack by a rabid animal, refusal to vaccinate will most likely cost a person his life.

Possible side effects

A vaccine injection can lead to a number of reactions of a varied nature. The most common are:

• Itching of the skin.
• Significant swelling at the injection site.
• Enlarged lymph nodes.
• Increase in body temperature to 38.0°C.
• General weakness
• Headaches and muscle pain.

Also, side effects from rabies vaccination can be more severe:

• Aches in the joints appear.
• There is a feverish state.
• Hives appear on the skin.
• Particularly severe cases may be accompanied by disorders of the autonomic system.
• Quincke's edema.

The most dangerous consequence of receiving the rabies vaccine is anaphylactic shock. This instant allergic reaction can lead to death.

The negative effects of the rabies vaccine should disappear after ninety days.

Rules of conduct after vaccination

After a person is vaccinated against rabies, it is very important to adhere to certain rules and requirements:

• Drinking alcohol is strictly prohibited. Ignoring this rule can lead to nervous attacks, special sensitivity to various external stimuli, and possible attacks of epilepsy.
• You cannot overheat or, on the contrary, overcool.
• Do not stay in direct sunlight for a long time.
• It is strictly forbidden to wet the vaccine injection site.

On the first day after vaccination, you should not contact water at all. Under the influence of moisture, the risk of allergic reactions increases significantly. Contact with water on the first day after a vaccine injection can cause an increase in body temperature, general weakness and chills.

About the importance of vaccination against rabies and its possible consequences in the video.

Vaccination against rabies after an animal bite is a very important measure that can protect a person from this serious, fatal disease. If the spread of the virus is not prevented in a timely manner, a person dies within ten days.

ANDREY asks:

A MONTH AGO I GOT A THIRD Vaccination, I SAW THE DOG LIVE, THE COURSE STOPPED. CAN I GO TO THE BATH NOW - THIS IS IMPORTANT. AND IS IT POSSIBLE TO DRINK ALCOHOL, AND IF NOT, WHY NOT :)

Recommendations after vaccinations: do not drink alcohol for at least 6 months, do not get too cold, do not overheat and do not be exposed to prolonged sun exposure. So it’s better to postpone going to the bathhouse.

Galina asks:

If you received only one rabies vaccination, but didn’t do any more because the dog is alive, what restrictions should you observe and why? The main thing is for how long?

Regardless of the number of vaccinations, it is recommended to comply with all requirements for 6 months: do not drink alcohol, do not get too cold, do not overheat, and do not be exposed to prolonged sun exposure, in order to avoid the development of side effects after vaccination.

Galina asks:

What are the side effects after one rabies vaccine? Is it normal to have an itchy lump at the injection site?

Yes, such a reaction to the vaccine is possible; you will need to additionally take antihistamines (Claritin or Zodak) for the entire vaccination period.

Alena asks:

Hello, my name is Alena. This question worries me very much. On January 13, my brother was bitten by a rabid dog, the diagnosis was confirmed. The dog showed signs of illness after 12 days. My brother and our entire family completed the Kokav vaccination course and rabies immunoglobulin. 6 months have passed, is there still a risk of developing the disease? I'm very worried about this. Thank you.

Natalia asks:

Good afternoon
Are there any bans or restrictions on visiting swimming pools or water parks during and after rabies vaccinations and, if so, why? Unfortunately, the doctor at the emergency room couldn’t really explain it, but the question is very relevant, thanks in advance!

Recommendations after vaccinations: do not drink alcohol for at least 6 months, do not get too cold, do not overheat and do not be exposed to prolonged sun exposure. All of the above procedures can reduce the effectiveness of vaccination.

Julia asks:

such a question, I was bitten by a dog, today I had 1 vaccination, there are 6 in total. It turned out that the dog is not rabid, is it possible to drink alcohol, but vaccinations will continue. If not, what could happen?

Olga asks:

I was bitten by a stray dog. I started a course of vaccinations and wanted to ask if it is possible to go abroad (namely to Domenicana) when there is a gap of 14 days between injections? If not, is it very dangerous (excluding the possibility of overheating)

If you have already started taking a course of vaccination against rabies, you cannot interrupt it - this may result in the development of rabies. Overheating and hypothermia during the vaccination course are extremely undesirable, as are increased physical activity and fatigue. All of the factors listed above can reduce the effectiveness of the vaccine. Therefore, it is better to avoid such overloads. If you do decide to travel, be sure to complete the vaccination course upon arrival, since only a full course of vaccination with rabies vaccine can protect you from rabies infection. You can read more about rabies, its manifestations, as well as vaccination against this disease in our thematic section of the same name: Rabies.

Alexander asks:

Tell me, I am being treated for depression, I need to take medications such as Cipralex and Gidozepam. I was injected with Immunoglobulin 15 mg. 0.3.7 for rabies and tetanus OS - 0.5. We need to do the fourth one tomorrow, is it all compatible? I have panic attacks, I feel unwell in general, I am afraid for my health...

If you have started a course of vaccination against rabies, you must get all four vaccinations, otherwise there will be no immunity to rabies and the risk of contracting this disease will remain. You can read more about the causes of rabies, its clinical manifestations, and methods of prevention in our medical information section of the same name: Rabies. Vaccination against the background of the medications you have listed (in the absence of allergies to them) is not contraindicated.

Katya asks:

After the 2nd vaccination, the temperature rose, the weakness was very strong, dizziness on the day of vaccination and headaches. Lasts several days.
Are all the listed symptoms side effects and how long will they last? And is this normal at all?

Yes, unfortunately, such a reaction to the introduction of a vaccine is possible. It is necessary to take an antihistamine (Claritin, Tavegil, Erius) for 3-4 days, as well as an antipyretic drug (for example, Ibuprofen). Before administering the next vaccine (the day before administration), you must re-take an antihistamine, and before administering the vaccine, an antipyretic. Such measures can prevent the development of adverse reactions. Your condition should improve in 2-3 days; if this does not happen, be sure to seek personal advice from a general practitioner. You can read more about the possible negative effects of vaccination and ways to prevent their occurrence in our medical information section dedicated to this problem: Vaccines and vaccination.

Anton asks:

Human immunoglobulin was administered after a street cat bite, vaccination is pending, please tell me, in addition to overheating, hypothermia, stress and avoiding alcohol intake, what foods should be avoided?

If you do not have food allergies, you do not need to follow any special diet. If you have noticed any allergic reactions to products or other allergens (for example, to household chemicals, cosmetics), contact with products or household items containing allergens should be avoided. You can read more about rabies and the prevention of this disease in our thematic section of the same name: Rabies.

Natalia asks:

Hello! I am taking a course of vaccinations against rabies. I read that all recommendations on prohibiting alcohol consumption, hypothermia, overheating and overwork must be followed for at least 6 months after the last vaccine. At the anti-rabies center I was told that it must be followed for 2 months after the last vaccines. What to do?

For the rabies vaccine to be effective, it is still recommended to adhere to a strict regime for six months after the last vaccination; this is necessary for the development of immunity. Read more about this disease and vaccination rules in a series of articles by clicking on the link: Rabies.

Ksyusha asks:

Hello!
On September 22, my husband was bitten by a pet dog on the street.
On September 29, they took an injection for tetanus, because... At the emergency room they advised not to treat rabies, saying that in practice dogs do not die.
02.10 we learned that the dog died a couple of days ago, but it is unknown from what, maybe it was poisoned?!
On September 25, his throat began to hurt, then his temperature rose, is it possible that these are consequences of the bite?
The dog didn't bite through the pants, but there is a wound on the body.
Did she give him rabies?

In this case, I strongly recommend that you consult an infectious disease doctor to decide on a course of vaccination against rabies, since there is a risk, especially considering that the dog died a couple of days later. An increase in temperature may be a consequence of the bite. Unfortunately, a diagnosis can only be made after laboratory diagnostics. Please do not delay your visit to the doctor. You can learn more about rabies infection from the information section of our website: Rabies

Nastya asks:

I am taking a course of rabies vaccinations. On December 21, put the last one, that is, the sixth one. There is a possibility that I will simply forget about it, because I almost missed the fifth one. Is this very dangerous? Also, on many sites they say that the effects of alcohol are not so harmful, and that there is no scientific basis for the dangers of alcohol when getting vaccinated. This raises the question: is it possible not to get the sixth vaccination, and is it possible to drink alcohol???

Nastya comments:

I am interested in what will happen if I DO NOT get the sixth vaccination, and what will happen if I drink alcohol. Many of my friends and acquaintances drank during the vaccination, and nothing happened. I'm specifically interested in the consequences, not the recommendations... If possible. Thanks in advance.

If you do NOT get the vaccine and you are infected with the rabies virus, you will develop the disease because... the vaccination was not completed and a normal, adequate immune response did not develop. When drinking alcohol, the effect of the vaccine is also reduced, which can also lead to a worsening of the condition. You should not rely on situations when everything went well with your friends; you yourself, not your friends, are responsible for your health! Quitting alcohol has never harmed the body, but its use, as well as refusing vaccination, is highly undesirable. Read more about rabies in a series of articles by following the link: Rabies.

Alexey asks:

I apologize for the hundredth identical question, but I still want to be more specific about alcohol. Are there "safe" doses? for example, a bottle of beer or 50g of whiskey/cognac may already have an adverse effect or it is not critical.

Please clarify what you understand by the word safe doses, safe doses for what? What can be the effect of alcohol when using 50 grams?

Alexey comments:

Question for recommendation:

If you have started a course of vaccination, it is recommended that you follow all of the above recommendations for the next 6 months in order to avoid the development of side effects after vaccination. This is why it is not recommended to drink alcohol and engage in sports where there is prolonged exposure to sunlight. Try to follow the recommendations as much as possible, then the effectiveness of vaccination will be high and there will be no side effects.
Read more about this disease in a series of articles by clicking on the link: Rabies.

Alexey asks:

And another question: is it possible to go snowboarding for a week in 2.5-3 months?

Please specify after what procedure you want to go on vacation?

Alexey comments:

It seemed to me that I wrote in the section “BANDS AFTER RABIES VACCINATIONS” (http://www..html#viewcomments)
Question for recommendation:
“Regardless of the amount of vaccination, it is recommended to comply with all requirements for 6 months: do not drink alcohol, do not get too cold, do not overheat and do not be exposed to prolonged sun exposure, in order to avoid the development of side effects after vaccination.”

Try not to drink alcohol, because... There are no “safely permissible” doses of alcohol during vaccination. Also try to avoid hypothermia and overheating. Compliance with all recommendations will avoid the occurrence of dangerous complications and will lead to maximum effectiveness of the vaccine. Read more about vaccination in a series of articles by following the link: Vaccination.

Alena asks:

Good afternoon. The last vaccine was in May. To this day, I periodically have a temperature of 37. Is this normal? After all, the vaccine is still valid for half a year after the last injection or am I mistaken?!

Please specify which vaccine you were given. After this, we will be able to answer your question in detail. You can get more detailed information about vaccination in the thematic section of our website by following the link: Vaccination

Irina asks:

Hello! I am getting the COCAV vaccination as scheduled. Already received 4 vaccinations.
Before the fourth, I took Suprastin, because... During the third, my hand swelled and I felt dizzy. Is it possible to take Suprastin? And then they tell me that it’s impossible, it can reduce the effect. Moreover, the nurse gave me the second vaccine in the gluteal area. Again, I didn’t know that it needed to be injected into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder, and only then I read that it was not allowed into the buttock. Could this also reduce the effectiveness of the vaccine? What should I do in these cases? Thanks in advance.

As a rule, this vaccine is administered into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder, but in practice it is often administered intramuscularly. If an allergic reaction to the vaccine is observed, the use of antihistamines, in particular suprastin, is indicated. Suprastin does not reduce the effectiveness of the rabies vaccine. You can learn more about this issue from the section: Rabies

Vladimir asks:

Recently completed treatment for rabies (COCAV). Can I go to the gym (weightlifting)?
And another question: a rash appeared on my hands, could this be a reaction to the injections? I just recently had a “slight” hypothermia. It got a little warmer outside and I was hot in my usual autumn clothes (I was sweating), and when I returned home there was a strong draft on the floor

During the year after the introduction of the rabies vaccine, it is not recommended to abuse physical activity. It is advisable to keep visits to the gym to a minimum, limiting exercises to general strengthening exercises. The rash that appears is unlikely to be related to the vaccination. I recommend that you visit a dermatologist to assess the nature of the rash, after which the attending physician will be able to prescribe adequate treatment for you and give further recommendations. You can get more information about rabies, vaccination and prevention from the thematic section of our website by following the link: Rabies

Anton asks:

Good afternoon I received the 6th COCAV vaccination and was prescribed Ingavirin (antiviral and immunomodulatory). Will Ingavirin reduce the effectiveness of the vaccine?

The drug Ingavirin does not reduce the effectiveness of the COCAV vaccine, so you have nothing to fear. More information about rabies, its treatment and prevention can be found in the appropriate section of our website by clicking on the link: Rabies

Tatyana asks:

I was bitten by my dog, the wound was small but deep, I immediately went to the emergency room, I was vaccinated against tetanus and against rabies, but since the dog is mine, she was vaccinated against rabies and is now healthy, is it possible not to get the other 5 vaccinations?

As a rule, if rabies vaccination is started, it must be completed. You can get more information on questions that interest you, learn more about a disease such as rabies, and its prevention in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Rabies

Tatyana comments:

The doctors said that if you bring them a certificate, then you don’t need to take the full course, and before that the dog bit (all times this was provoked by us) another person and no vaccinations were done and everything is fine with people. I’m interested because the doctor only accepts by appointment and today, when I was supposed to get a second injection, there was no appointment anymore and I was not accepted at the clinic

If the dog has been examined by a veterinarian and no suspicions of rabies have been identified, and the animal has been fully vaccinated, further vaccination may be refused. More information on this issue can be found in the section: Rabies

Alena asks:

Good afternoon Please tell me, I had my last rabies vaccination on November 20, 2013, and I have Botex injections scheduled for November 22. Is this dangerous? Should I postpone injections and for how long? And is it possible to inject hyaluronic acid (cosmetic procedures on the face)
Thanks in advance for your answer.

According to the instructions for use of the rabies vaccine, Botox and hyaluronic acid are not contraindicated, so they can be used. Read more about a disease such as rabies, vaccination and recommendations after it is carried out in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the link: Rabies

Alice asks:

Yesterday I received my last rabies vaccination and I was upset by the doctor’s statement that I should not drink alcohol for 6 months. But the new year is approaching! Can the consequences really be serious if I drink a little?

After a rabies vaccination, drinking alcohol in large quantities is contraindicated, but a small amount of a low-alcohol drink will not cause harm. You can learn more about a disease such as rabies, vaccinations and precautions from the thematic section: Rabies

Alena asks:

I was bitten by a dog and received my first vaccine. But I decided to stop vaccination. Is it possible to simply not come for vaccinations or do you have to write a refusal?

If there is a risk of contracting rabies, it is recommended to be fully vaccinated. The issue of refusing vaccination is decided by the attending physician, taking into account all the circumstances. You can find out more detailed information on this issue in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Rabies

Vera asks:

On Tuesday I fell ill with a sore throat with a high fever and swollen lymph nodes. Today, on Thursday, returning from the clinic, I was bitten by a yard dog, I went to the emergency room, where I was given tetanus and rabies vaccinations. I am very concerned about how all this will affect my body. Immunity is probably reduced at the moment, the lymph nodes are still inflamed. I treat sore throat with intramuscular antibiotic injections and tablets. Is all this compatible?
The vaccinations were done at 11.30, now it’s 18.30, the temperature is 37, now I don’t know what the main reason is.
I am 53 years old, female.

In this situation, do not worry - continue the prescribed treatment for a sore throat; vaccination should not negatively affect recovery, since the vaccine and course of antibiotics are compatible. You can find out more detailed information on this issue in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Rabies

Vera comments:

Thank you very much for your answer. I would like to ask you one more question. In one of your articles on the site I read that if the bite was through intact clothing, then the rabies vaccination is not necessary. I was wearing trousers and tights under them, there were no visible damage to the clothes, the wound itself was from The bite looks like this: two marks slightly deep from the teeth and a small internal bruise, the skin was slightly torn off, the blood did not come out. Now I am in doubt whether I should continue vaccination or not, because... it does not have a very good effect on the immune system.

In the event that there was no direct contact of the animal’s saliva with the damaged surface of the skin, then vaccination can be abandoned. You can obtain more detailed information on the issue you are interested in in the appropriate section of our website by clicking on the following link: Rabies

Dmitry asks:

Hello. I delayed the last injection for 3 days, but still did it. Will it work?

Shifting the timing of vaccine administration by 3 days does not have a significant impact on the final result, so in this situation you have no reason to worry. Read more about this issue in the corresponding series of articles on our website by clicking on the link: Vaccine and vaccination

Vera asks:

While suffering from a sore throat, she was bitten by a dog, and in parallel with treatment for a sore throat, they began to get vaccinated. Two weeks after recovery, a complication appeared after a sore throat - erythema nodosum, now again intensive treatment with two types of antibiotics, and three days later - another vaccination. I read the instructions for the rabies vaccine that vaccination is contraindicated during exacerbation of infectious diseases. How seriously will this affect my body? I'm very upset.

If you are currently undergoing antibacterial treatment, it is advisable to change the timing of vaccination, so I recommend that you inform your infectious disease doctor about your current condition. You can get more information about vaccines, principles and features of vaccination in the following section of our website: Vaccine and vaccination. You can get additional information on the issue you are interested in and learn more about the prevention of diseases such as rabies in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Rabies

Alexander asks:

Yesterday I was bitten by a house cat, the bite was provoked. The cat shows no signs of rabies. Is it possible to avoid vaccination? The wound was small, only one tooth, and it was no longer visible.
What are the chances of getting rabies? I live in Ulyanovsk, within the city limits.

In this situation, it is quite difficult to exclude the possibility of rabies, so vaccination is recommended in such cases. You can find out more detailed information on this issue and obtain information about indications for vaccination in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Rabies

Tatyana asks:

Good afternoon. Please tell me, is it possible to take sports nutrition (Gainer, L-Carnitine, etc.)? And are there any contraindications to physical activity? Of the entire course, only 1 vaccine has been given so far, the next one tomorrow.

If you are currently receiving rabies vaccines, then physical activity should be limited, that is, severe exercise and chronic fatigue should be excluded, while ordinary exercise is not contraindicated. Sports nutrition has no restrictions when it comes to vaccination and can be used. You can obtain additional information on the issue you are interested in in the appropriate section of our website by clicking on the following link: Rabies Sports and sports nutrition

Anastasia asks:

My dog ​​bit me and is now under observation. They started giving me vaccinations against rabies, but at the same time I am being treated for a gynecological problem and taking an antibiotic (clindamycin). Is it possible to combine this? Or do you need to stop your treatment for a while?

Rabies vaccination can be combined with antibiotics (combination with immunosuppressants and corticosteroids alone is not recommended, since these drugs reduce the effectiveness of the rabies vaccine). You can get more detailed information on the issue you are interested in in the corresponding section of our website by clicking on the following link: Vaccine and vaccination

If it is reliably confirmed that the animal is healthy, the vaccination course can be interrupted after consultation with the attending infectious disease specialist. 2-3 weeks after receiving the first rabies vaccine, you can return to your normal lifestyle without any risk. You can obtain additional information on the issue that interests you in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Rabies. You can also get additional information in the following section of our website: Vaccine and vaccination

Alexander asks:

Good afternoon. I am undergoing treatment for hepatitis C (antiviral therapy) with the medications altevir interferon alfa 2b (injections) and ribaverin (capsules). I was recently bitten by a hedgehog and started receiving COCAV vaccinations. I was told that it is possible to continue antiviral therapy for hepatitis C. Please tell me if this is true, are altevir interferon alfa 2b (injections) and ribaverin compatible with COKAV injections?

That’s right, it is possible and necessary to continue treatment with antiviral drugs in this situation; these drugs do not interact with each other and do not mutually reduce each other’s effectiveness. You can obtain more detailed information on the issue you are interested in in the corresponding section of our website by clicking on the following link: Viral hepatitis C - diagnosis and prevention. You can also get additional information in the following section of our website: Vaccine and vaccination and in the series of articles: Rabies

Alexander

ANTI-RABIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN FROM HORSE BLOOD SERUM LIQUID

Immunoglobulinum antirabicum ex sero eqvi fluidum

Rabies immunoglobulin from horse blood serum liquid (RAI) is a protein fraction of horse immune serum obtained by the rivanol-alcohol method.

The titer of specific antibodies is at least 150 IU/ml.

Stabilizer - glycol.

The drug is a clear or slightly opalescent liquid, colorless or slightly yellow. Pink coloring of the drug is not allowed.

IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES. Rabies immunoglobulin has the ability to neutralize the rabies virus both in vitro and in vivo.

PURPOSE. Used in combination with an anti-rabies vaccine to prevent people from developing hydrophobia due to severe bites from rabid or suspected rabid animals.

METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSAGE. Immediately or as soon as possible after a bite or injury, apply local wound treatment. The wounds are thoroughly washed with soapy water (or detergent) and treated with 40-70 degrees alcohol or tincture of iodine. After local treatment of the wound, specific treatment is immediately started. The most effective administration of immunoglobulin is on the first day after injury. Before injecting the drug, check the integrity of the ampoules and the presence of markings on them. The drug is not suitable for use in ampoules with damaged integrity, labeling, as well as in case of changes in its physicochemical properties (color, transparency, etc.), with an expired shelf life, in case of violation of storage conditions.

The opening of the ampoules and the procedure for administering the drug are carried out in strict compliance with the rules of asepsis and antiseptics.

Anti-rabies immunoglobulin is administered at a dose of 40 IU per 1 kg of body weight for an adult or child. Example: patient’s body weight is 60 kg, immunoglobulin activity (indicated on the package label), for example, 200 IU in 1 ml. In order to determine the dose of immunoglobulin required for administration, it is necessary to multiply the patient’s weight (60 kg) by 40 IU and divide the resulting number by the activity of the drug (200 IU), that is: 60x40/200 = 12 ml

Before administering rabies immunoglobulin to a patient, to determine sensitivity to a foreign protein, it is mandatory to perform an intradermal test with immunoglobulin diluted 1:100 (ampoules marked in red), which is located in a pack with undiluted drug (ampoules marked in blue).

Immunoglobulin diluted 1:100 in a dose of 0.1 ml is injected intradermally into the flexor surface of the forearm.

The test is considered negative if after 20-30 minutes the swelling or redness at the injection site is less than 1 cm. The test is considered positive if after 20 minutes the swelling or redness at the injection site reaches 1 cm or more.

If the reaction is negative, 0.7 ml of immunoglobulin diluted 1:100 is injected into the subcutaneous tissue of the shoulder. If there is no reaction, after 30 minutes, the entire calculated dose of immunoglobulin, heated to (37+0.5) °C, is administered in three divided doses with an interval of 10-15 minutes; the drug for each portion is taken from previously unopened ampoules.

The calculated dose of immunoglobulin should be infiltrated around the wounds and deep into the wound. If the anatomical location of the injury (fingertips, etc.) does not allow the entire dose to be administered around the wounds, then the remainder of the immunoglobulin is injected intramuscularly at sites other than the rabies vaccine (buttock muscles, upper thigh, forearm). The entire dose of rabies immunoglobulin is administered within 1 hour. In the case of a positive intradermal test (swelling or redness of 1 cm or more) or in the event of an allergic reaction to a subcutaneous injection, immunoglobulin is administered with extreme caution. First, it is recommended to inject the drug diluted 1:100 into the subcutaneous tissue of the shoulder in doses of 0.5 ml, 2.0 ml, 5.0 ml with an interval of 15-20 minutes, then 0.1 ml of undiluted immunoglobulin and after 30-60 minutes , - the entire prescribed dose of the drug, heated to (37?0.5) °C, is administered intramuscularly in three divided doses with an interval of 10-15 minutes. Before the first injection, parenteral administration of antihistamines (suprastin, diphenhydramine, etc.) is recommended. In order to prevent shock, simultaneously with the administration of immunoglobulin, subcutaneous administration of a 0.1% solution of adrenaline or a 5% solution of ephedrine in an age-specific dosage is recommended.

When administering rabies immunoglobulin, solutions of adrenaline, ephedrine, diphenhydramine or suprastin should always be ready.

To prevent complications of an allergic nature after the administration of immunoglobulin, it is necessary to prescribe orally antihistamines (suprastin, diphenhydramine, diprazine, fenkarol, etc.) in an age-specific dosage 2 times a day for 7 days.

To a patient who has received anti-tetanus serum within the next 24 hours, rabies immunoglobulin is administered without prior intradermal testing. After the administration of rabies immunoglobulin, the patient must be under medical supervision for at least 1 hour; the completed vaccination is recorded in established accounting forms indicating the date, the manufacturer of the drug, the batch number, and the reaction to the administration.

Anti-rabies immunoglobulin (RAI) is prescribed as soon as possible after contact with a rabid, suspected rabid or unknown animal, but no later than 3 days after contact. AIH is not used after administration of rabies vaccine (COCAV).

REACTION TO INTRODUCTION. Injection of rabies immunoglobulin may be accompanied by the development of allergic reactions, including anaphylactic shock and serum sickness.

CONTRAINDICATIONS. There are no contraindications. In the case of a sharply positive reaction to the administration of rabies immunoglobulin, as well as if the patient has a history of strong allergic reactions to the administration of antitetanus serum or other horse serum preparations, the administration of rabies immunoglobulin is recommended to be carried out in a hospital environment equipped with intensive care facilities.

RELEASE FORM. Rabies immunoglobulin - in ampoules of 5 or 10 ml (ampoules marked in blue). Immunoglobulin, diluted 1:100 to determine human sensitivity to horse protein - in 1 ml ampoules, marked in red. Available as a set: 1 ampoule of immunoglobulin and 1 ampoule of immunoglobulin diluted 1:100.

PACKAGE. 5 sets in a cardboard box with included instructions for use and an ampoule knife.

CONDITIONS OF STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION. Store in closed, dry, dark rooms at a temperature of (5?2) °C. Transport by all types of covered transport under conditions that exclude freezing and heating the drug above 20 °C.

SHELF LIFE - 2 years.

Instructions for medical use

ANTI-RABIC CULTURAL VACCINES, CONCENTRATED, PURIFIED, INACTIVATED DRY

Anti-rabies vaccine cultural concentrated purified inactivated dry (KOKAV) is a vaccine rabies virus strain Vnukovo-32, grown in a primary culture of kidney cells of Syrian hamsters, inactivated by ultraviolet rays and formalin, concentrated and purified by methods: ultrafiltration with subsequent purification through porous silicas; ultracentrifugation or ion exchange chromatography. Stabilizers - gelato and sucrose. The porous mass is white, hygroscopic. After dissolution, it is a slightly opalescent colorless liquid. One dose (1.0 ml) contains at least 2.5 International Units (IU).

IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES. The vaccine induces the development of immunity against rabies.

METHOD OF APPLICATION. The contents of the vaccine ampoule must dissolve in 1.0 ml of water for injection within no more than 5 minutes. The dissolved vaccine is administered slowly intramuscularly into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder, for children under 5 years old - into the upper part of the anterolateral surface of the thigh. Injection of the vaccine into the gluteal region is not allowed. The drug is not suitable for use in ampoules with damaged integrity, labeling, as well as changes in color and transparency, expired or improperly stored. The opening of the ampoules and the vaccination procedure are carried out under strict adherence to the rules of asepsis. Storage of the dissolved vaccine for more than 5 minutes is not allowed.

The vaccinated person must be under medical supervision for at least 30 minutes. Vaccination sites must be equipped with anti-shock therapy. After a course of immunotherapy, a certificate is issued indicating the type and series of drugs, the course of vaccinations, and post-vaccination reactions.

Anti-rabies care consists of local treatment of wounds, scratches and abrasions, administration of rabies vaccine (COCAV) or the simultaneous use of rabies immunoglobulin (RAI) and rabies vaccine (COCAV).

PREVENTIVE IMMUNIZATION

INDICATIONS. For preventive purposes, persons who perform work on catching and keeping stray animals are immunized; veterinarians, hunters, foresters, slaughterhouse workers, taxidermists; persons working with the “street” rabies virus.

Primary immunization Three injections on days 0, 7 and 30, 1.0 ml each

First revaccination after 1 year One injection, 1.0 ml

Subsequent boosters every 3 years One injection, 1.0 ml

CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR PREVENTIVE IMMUNIZATION:

1. Acute infectious and non-infectious diseases, chronic diseases in the acute or decompensation stage - vaccinations are carried out no earlier than one month after recovery (remission).

2. Systemic allergic reactions to previous administration of this drug (generalized rash, Quincke's edema, etc.).

3. Allergic reactions to antibiotics.

4. Pregnancy.

TREATMENT AND PREVENTIVE IMMUNIZATION

1. There is no damage or salivation of the skin. No direct contact. Sick with rabies. Not assigned

2. Salivation of intact skin, abrasions, single superficial bites or scratches of the torso, upper and lower extremities (except for the head, face, neck, hand, fingers and toes, genitals), inflicted by domestic and farm animals If within 10 days of observation if the animal remains healthy, then treatment is stopped (i.e. after the 3rd injection). In all other cases, when it is impossible to monitor the animal (killed, died, ran away, disappeared, etc.) according to the following scheme. Start treatment immediately: KOKAV for 1.0 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90 days

3. Any salivation of the mucous membranes, any bites of the head, face, neck, hand, fingers and toes, genitals; multiple bites and deep single bites of any localization, inflicted by domestic and farm animals. Any salivation and damage caused by wild carnivores, bats and rodents. In cases where it is possible to observe the animal and it remains healthy for 10 days, treatment is stopped (i.e. after the 3rd injection). In all other cases, when it is impossible to monitor the animal, continue treatment according to the specified regimen. Start combined treatment immediately and simultaneously: AIH on day 0 + COCAV 1.0 on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90.

CONTRAINDICATIONS. None.

REACTION TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF ANTI-RABIOS DRUGS:

1. The introduction of the vaccine may be accompanied by a local or general reaction. The local reaction is characterized by slight swelling, redness, itching, and enlargement of regional lymph nodes. The general reaction can manifest itself in the form of malaise, headache, weakness, and increased body temperature. Symptomatic therapy and the use of hyposensitizing and antihistamines are recommended. In rare cases, neurological symptoms may be reported. In this case, the victim should be urgently hospitalized.

2. After administration of rabies immunoglobulin from horse serum, complications may be observed: anaphylactic shock, local allergic reaction that occurs 1-2 days after administration; serum sickness, which most often occurs on days 6-8. In the event of an anaphylactoid reaction, 0.3 to 1.0 ml of adrenaline (1:1000) or 0.2-1.0 ml of ephedrine 5% is injected into the subcutaneous tissue, depending on the age of the patient. When symptoms of serum sickness appear, parenteral administration of antihistamines, corticosteroids, and calcium supplements is recommended.

RELEASE FORM. The vaccine is produced as a set: 1 ampoule of vaccine, 1.0 ml (1 dose) and 1 ampoule of solvent (water for injection), 1.0 ml. The package contains 5 sets (5 ampoules with vaccine and 5 ampoules with solvent).

CONDITIONS OF STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION. The vaccine is stored and transported at a temperature of 2 to 8°C. The vaccine can be transported at temperatures up to 25°C for no more than 2 days.

SHELF LIFE - 1.5 years.

In case of complications or a person's illness with hydrophobia after a full course of vaccinations or during its implementation, you should immediately inform the local health authority, the State Research Institute for Standardization and Control of Medical Biological Preparations named after. L.A. Tarasovich of the Russian Ministry of Health and to the organization that produced the vaccine or immunoglobulin. The use of the vaccine series is delayed. Samples of the vaccine and AIH are sent to the State Research Institute named after L.A. Tarasevich.

In the event of the death of a vaccinated person, it is necessary to conduct a pathological-anatomical autopsy and laboratory diagnostic testing. To do this, pieces of the brain (horn of Ammon, brain stem, cerebellum, cerebral cortex) of a deceased person, extracted in compliance with the rules of asepsis, are placed in a sterile hermetically sealed vessel filled with a 50% aqueous solution of glycerin, cooled to minus 20 °C and then in a container with with ice, they are urgently sent to the appropriate diagnostic laboratory.

NOTES:

1. Doses and immunization schedules are the same for children and adults. A course of treatment with the vaccine is prescribed regardless of how long it takes for the victim to seek help, even several months after contact with a patient suspected of rabies or an unknown animal (except AIH).

2. For persons who have previously received a full course of therapeutic and prophylactic or preventive vaccinations, from the end of which no more than 1 year has passed, three injections of the vaccine, 1.0 ml each, are prescribed on days 0, 3, 7. If a year or more has passed, or an incomplete course of immunization has been completed, then - in the usual volume.

3. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants may lead to vaccine failure. Therefore, in cases of vaccination while taking corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, determining the level of virus-neutralizing antibodies is mandatory. In the absence of virus-neutralizing antibodies, an additional course of treatment is carried out.

4. The person being vaccinated must know: he is prohibited from consuming any alcoholic beverages during the entire course of vaccinations and 6 months after its completion. You should also avoid overwork, hypothermia, and overheating.

Vaccination against rabies in humans helps prevent the development of a fatal disease that is transmitted through the bites of an infected animal. This infection is caused by rhabdoviruses and cannot be treated when symptoms first appear. Therefore, in order to save a person’s life, it is important to get rabies injections in a timely manner.

When should you get vaccinated?

The main source of rabies is wild animals (wolves, foxes, bats). However, infection can also occur after a pet bite. Infection develops when the saliva of a sick animal comes into contact with the wound surface or mucous membranes of a person during bites. Vaccination is mandatory in the following cases:

1. A wild animal or an unvaccinated pet has bitten, caused a scratch, and there has been contact between saliva and damaged skin. It is necessary to observe the animal for 10 days. During this time, the patient receives 3 injections of rabies vaccine. If the animal remains alive, then no further vaccination is necessary;
2. If the animal’s condition cannot be tracked, then a full vaccination is carried out;
3. A bite from a wolf, bat, or fox that is thought to be initially infected with rabies.

If the patient has completed the full course of primary immunization for a year, then it is enough to give 3 injections of the vaccine on the day of infection, on the 3rd and 7th days. If more than 12 months have passed since vaccination, then a full course of 6 injections is prescribed.

When not to vaccinate

Vaccination is not carried out if the possibility of infection of a person is excluded:

1. The animal's saliva was in contact with intact skin;
2. After eating dishes made from the meat of rabid animals;
3. The animal bit through thick clothing, so the incident did not cause penetrating damage;
4. The wound was caused by the claws of a bird. Mammals, unlike birds, can retain saliva on their paws, so their scratches are dangerous;
5. The wound came from a pet that was vaccinated within 12 months prior to the injury and has no symptoms of the disease.

Important! If bites are located on the face, neck or hands, then vaccination is always carried out. After all, a vaccinated animal can be a carrier of rabies.

How many injections will be required?

Previously, 40 painful injections were required to prevent the development of rabies. Thanks to the development of medicine, it was possible to create an innovative vaccine that will reliably protect against viral disease in 6 injections. However, injections should be carried out on strictly defined days, excluding missed vaccinations.

In humans, rabies has a long incubation period, so it is important to complete the full course of immunization. The required number of injections is determined by the location of the bite. The greatest danger is from injuries to the face, arms, neck and chest. Then it is necessary to inject immunoglobulin into the bite area. This will help prevent the development of the infectious process within 10 days, which are necessary for the synthesis of one’s own antibodies.

How is vaccination carried out?

To build immunity, rabies vaccinations are given to people at risk. A full course of vaccination involves three doses of the vaccine. In this case, the second injection is given 7 days after the first immunization, and the third – after 3-4 weeks. The injection site is the upper arm.

The rabies vaccine is given to unvaccinated people after being bitten when there is a risk of infection. Rabies immunoglobulin and vaccine are usually used. Ideally, therapy begins within the first 24 hours after injury.

When visiting the emergency room, the doctor injects immunoglobulin into the wound area and surrounding healthy tissue. This will prevent the virus from entering the bloodstream and nervous system. The rabies vaccine must also be administered on the day of treatment. Next, vaccinations are carried out on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 after the first injection. If the animal remains alive after 10 days or after its euthanasia the absence of rabies is proven, then vaccination can be stopped.

Who is recommended for prophylaxis?

Rabies vaccination can be routine or emergency. Immunization is routinely carried out once every 2-3 years in the following groups of patients:

• Employees of veterinary clinics who are constantly in contact with animals;
• People who catch and euthanize stray animals work in a slaughterhouse;
• Children who are unable to talk about animal bites;
• Laboratory staff;
• People who process livestock products;
• Speleologists;
• Employees of some biological production facilities;
• Travelers planning to travel to countries where rabies is common.

As an emergency, a person is vaccinated against rabies within 1-3 days after receiving an injury from a stray animal. If the animal turns out to be healthy, then the course of injections is stopped.

Main contraindications to immunization

All vaccine preparations can lead to the development of adverse events; rabies vaccines are no exception. Therefore, it is recommended to refuse vaccination in the following cases:

• Pregnancy regardless of duration;
• Allergy to antibiotics;
• The period of exacerbation of chronic pathologies, the development of acute infectious processes;
• History of allergic reactions to the administration of vaccine preparations;
• Hypersensitivity to vaccine ingredients;
• Immunodeficiency states.

It is important to consider that the listed restrictions apply only to preventive immunization, which is carried out before contact with animals. If the saliva of a sick animal gets on the wound surface, then rabies vaccination is carried out even if there are contraindications. After all, vaccination is the only way to save a person’s life.

Possible side effects

According to numerous clinical studies, vaccine preparations have virtually no side effects. However, the risk of developing unwanted symptoms increases if the patient is intolerant to certain vaccine ingredients.

The following side effects may develop:

• Soreness, swelling, redness of the area where the rabies vaccine was administered. Local adverse reactions occur in 50-74% of patients;
• Headaches, dizziness;
• Development of pain in the abdomen and muscles;
• Nausea;
• Fever;
• Allergies, which include the development of angioedema;
• Urticaria, joint pain, fever develop (in 6% of patients);
• It is extremely rare that vaccination causes Guillain-Barré syndrome, which is characterized by flaccid paresis and sensory disturbances. The listed symptoms usually disappear after 12 weeks.

What anti-rabies vaccinations are there?

Vaccination against rabies involves the introduction of an anti-rabies vaccine: KOKAV, Rabivak, Rabipur. Vaccine preparations are created on the basis of an infectious agent that is grown on special crops and has undergone a thorough purification and inactivation procedure. The latter process completely eliminates the development of an infectious disease after vaccination.

Anti-rabies immunoglobulin is used, which helps to briefly protect the body from the spread of the rabies pathogen after a bite. The drug contains specific antibodies that can neutralize viral particles. It can be created from human or horse serum.

Interaction with other drugs

Vaccination against rabies in humans is not recommended against the background of the use of immunosuppressive and radiation treatment, chemotherapy, the use of cytostatics, glucocorticosteroids, and antimalarial drugs. The listed groups of medications adversely affect the production of specific antibodies to the virus that causes rabies. Therefore, treatment should be suspended during vaccination.

Important! During immunosuppressive therapy or in immunocompromised individuals, immunization may not be effective.

Is vaccination a panacea for rabies?

For average people, vaccination is an effective method that 100% prevents the development of a fatal disease. However, in the following cases, immunization may not prevent infection:

• Congenital immunodeficiency;
• Long-term use of glucocorticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs;
• Late treatment;
• The conditions for transportation and storage of the rabies vaccine were violated;
• Drinking ethanol-based drinks for 6 months after vaccination;
• Skipping an injection.

Administration of the rabies vaccine is the only effective method of treating the disease. Vaccination is recommended immediately after contact with infected animals. After all, vaccination can save if a person has no signs of the disease. If characteristic symptoms develop, the probability of death reaches 99%.