Presentation on the topic of galaxy rotation. Active galaxies

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Galaxies are large star systems in which the stars are bound together by gravitational forces.

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Our galaxy

In 1609, when the great Italian Galileo Galilei was the first to point a telescope into the sky, he immediately made a great discovery: he figured out what the Milky Way was. Using his primitive telescope, he was able to separate the brightest clouds of the Milky Way into individual stars! But behind them he discerned dimmer clouds, but could not solve their mystery, although he correctly concluded that they, too, must consist of stars. Today we know that he was right.

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Milky Way

The Milky Way consists of 200 billion stars. And the Sun with its planets is only one of them. At the same time our solar system is located approximately two-thirds of its radius from the center of the Milky Way. We live on the outskirts of our Galaxy. The Milky Way is shaped like a circle. In its center, the stars are denser and form a huge dense cluster. The outer boundaries of the circle are noticeably smoothed and become thinner at the edges. When viewed from the outside, the Milky Way probably resembles the planet Saturn with its rings.

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The structure of our Galaxy

The structure of our Galaxy:

Core, three spiral arms. The core is located at the center of our Galaxy.

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Galaxy Dimensions:

• The galactic disk diameter is about 30 kpc (100,000 light years),
• thickness - about 1000 light years.

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The galaxy rotates around the center. The sun makes one revolution around the center of the galaxy in 200 million years.

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The galaxy contains two main subsystems nested within one another.

• The halo stars are concentrated towards the center of the galaxy. The central, densest part of the halo is the bulge.
• A star disk is two plates folded at the edges. The Sun is located in the stellar disk between the spiral arms.

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open star cluster

In the Galaxy, every third star is double, and there are systems of three or more stars. More complex objects are also known - star clusters.

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Globular star clusters

Globular clusters stand out against the stellar background due to their significant number of stars and clear spherical shape.

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Interstellar matter

The space between stars is filled with rarefied matter, radiation and magnetic field.

If the concentration of these substances becomes large, then we can see different types of nebula

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Types of Galaxies

• Elliptical
• Spiral
• Incorrect

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Elliptical Galaxies

Stars in elliptical galaxies rotate around the center of the galaxy very slowly (the rotation speed usually does not exceed several tens of km/s). impulse. Make up approximately 25% of total number high luminosity galaxies. They are usually denoted by the letter E (English elliptical).

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Spiral Galaxies

In 1845, the English astronomer Lord Ross discovered a whole class of “spiral nebulae.” The nature of these nebulae was established only at the beginning of the 20th century. The flat disc-shaped shape is explained by rotation.

OUR GALAXY-MILKY WAY In 1609, when the great Italian Galileo Galilei was the first to point a telescope into the sky, he immediately made a great discovery: he figured out what the Milky Way is. Using his primitive telescope, he was able to separate the brightest clouds of the Milky Way into individual stars! But behind them he discerned dimmer clouds, but could not solve their mystery, although he correctly concluded that they, too, must consist of stars. Today we know that he was right.

The Milky Way consists of 200 billion stars. And the Sun with its planets is only one of them. At the same time, our Solar system is removed from the center of the Milky Way by approximately two-thirds of its radius. We live on the outskirts of our Galaxy. The Milky Way is shaped like a circle. In its center, the stars are denser and form a huge dense cluster. The outer boundaries of the circle are noticeably smoothed and become thinner at the edges. When viewed from the outside, the Milky Way probably resembles the planet Saturn with its rings.

Structure of Our Galaxy Dimensions of the Galaxy: Dimensions of the Galaxy: - the diameter of the Galaxy disk is about 30 kpc (light years), - the diameter of the Galaxy disk is about 30 kpc (light years), - the thickness is about 1000 light years. - thickness - about 1000 light years. Our Galaxy seen from the side.

Diagram of the Structure of the Galaxy The galaxy rotates around the center. The sun makes one revolution around the center of the galaxy in 200 million years. The galaxy rotates around the center. The sun makes one revolution around the center of the galaxy in 200 million years. Model of Galaxy Rotation.

View of Our Galaxy from other planets The Galaxy contains two main subsystems nested one inside the other. The galaxy contains two main subsystems nested within one another. 1. Halo-its stars are concentrated towards the center of the galaxy. The central, densest part of the halo is the bulge. 1. Halo-its stars are concentrated towards the center of the galaxy. The central, densest part of the halo is the bulge. 2. Star disk - two plates folded at the edges. The Sun is located in the stellar disk between the spiral arms. 2. Star disk - two plates folded at the edges. The Sun is located in the stellar disk between the spiral arms.

Open star cluster In the Galaxy, every third star is double, and there are systems of three or more stars. More complex objects are also known - star clusters. In the Galaxy, every third star is double, and there are systems of three or more stars. More complex objects are also known - star clusters.

Globular star clusters Globular clusters stand out against the background of stars due to the significant number of stars and their distinct spherical shape. Globular clusters stand out against the stellar background due to their significant number of stars and clear spherical shape. Globular cluster in the constellation Centaurus.

Interstellar matter The space between stars is filled with rarefied matter, radiation and a magnetic field. The space between stars is filled with rarefied matter, radiation and a magnetic field. If the concentration of these substances becomes large, then we can see different types of nebula. If the concentration of these substances becomes large, then we can see different types of nebula. Gas and dust clouds of the M16 Eagle nebula in the constellation Serpens. Dark Horsehead Nebula

Elliptical Galaxies Stars in elliptical galaxies rotate around the center of the galaxy very slowly (the rotation speed usually does not exceed several tens of km/s). impulse. They make up approximately 25% of the total number of high-luminosity galaxies. They are usually denoted by the letter E (English elliptical). Stars in elliptical galaxies rotate around the center of the galaxy very slowly (the rotation speed usually does not exceed several tens of km/s). impulse. They make up approximately 25% of the total number of high-luminosity galaxies. They are usually denoted by the letter E (English elliptical). Elliptical Galaxy M87

Spiral Galaxies In 1845, the English astronomer Lord Ross discovered a whole class of “spiral nebulae”. The nature of these nebulae was established only at the beginning of the 20th century. The flat disc-shaped shape is explained by rotation. In 1845, the English astronomer Lord Ross discovered a whole class of “spiral nebulae.” The nature of these nebulae was established only at the beginning of the 20th century. The flat disc-shaped shape is explained by rotation. Spiral Galaxy NGC2997 Spiral Galaxy M104 Sombrero

Irregular Galaxies When studying the sky using telescopes, many galaxies of irregular, ragged shape were discovered. About half of the matter in them is interstellar gas. When studying the sky using telescopes, many galaxies of irregular, ragged shape were discovered. About half of the matter in them is interstellar gas. Irregular galaxies NGC1313

Quasars In 1960, scientists paid attention to star-shaped objects, sources of powerful radio emission. After analyzing the spectra of these sources, it was determined that they are located at a distance of more than a billion light years. Such objects were called quasars. In 1960, scientists paid attention to star-shaped objects, sources of powerful radio emission. After analyzing the spectra of these sources, it was determined that they are located at a distance of more than a billion light years. Similar objects were called quasars

Presentation on the topic "Galaxies" in astronomy in powerpoint format. Contains illustrated examples of galaxies various types.

Fragments from the presentation

According to one hypothesis, the luminous matter of our Galaxy is surrounded by a non-emitting substance called a dark halo.

A massive black hole is suspected to exist at the center of the Galaxy.

Edwin Hubble

Hubble Edwin Powell (1889–1953), one of the greatest astronomers of our century, American by birth. Proved the stellar nature of extragalactic nebulae (galaxies); estimated the distance to some of them (1925). Developed the foundations of the structural classification of galaxies (1926). In 1929 he discovered Hubble's law, proving by observation the fact of the expansion of the Universe. Discovered a new type of variable stars (1953). The largest space telescope is named after Edwin Hubble.

Types of galaxies

• spiral
• elliptical
• radio galaxies
• interacting
• incorrect

Spiral galaxies

• Galaxy "Sombrero". Spiral galaxy M104 in the constellation Virgo. The dark line of dust clearly visible in the image and the halo of stars and globular clusters gave this galaxy its name.
• Galaxy M100 is a large spiral galaxy in the Virgo cluster, similar to the Milky Way.
• "Andromeda's nebula". Spiral galaxy M31 is included with Milky Way to the Local Group. Apparently, our Galaxy looks the same.

Elliptical galaxies

• Elliptical galaxy M32.
• Leo 1, a dwarf elliptical galaxy in the Local Group.
• Lenticular galaxy NGC5078.

Irregular galaxies

• Large Magellanic Cloud.
• Small Magellanic Cloud.
• Dwarf BCG galaxy.
• Irregular galaxy M82 in the constellation Ursa Major.
• Irregular galaxy NGC1313.

Interacting galaxies

• Interacting "Whirlpool" galaxies.
• Interacting Wheel Galaxy.
• Interacting galaxies NCG4038/4039 (Antenna).
• Stefan's Quintet - interacting galaxies. Five closely spaced interacting galaxies. According to recent studies, it can be assumed that convergence plays big role in the life cycle.

Active galaxies

• Elliptical galaxy M87 It is believed that at the center of the M87 galaxy in the constellation Virgo there is a giant black hole weighing millions of solar masses. The faint line down from the center is a jet ejected from the black hole's vicinity.
• Seyfert radio galaxy Perseus A.
• Radio galaxy NGC5128 (Centaurus A).
• Infrared galaxy Arp 220.
• Cygnus A is one of the most powerful radio sources in our sky.
• Virgo A Galaxy with jet.
• Quasar 3C275 is the brightest object near the center of the photo. It is 7 billion light years away from us.
• Quasar 3C273 By covering a bright quasar, you can discover the elliptical galaxy surrounding it.