Individuality is the ability to be different from others. This word applies to everything that surrounds us. An ordinary pebble on the road, a flower in a field or in a flower bed, any tree or bush, bird or other animal is unique in its own way. Everything is found in nature in a single copy, even if it is part of a complex of stones, a whole bouquet, a forest full of trees and bushes, even if it is part of an entire class or order of a certain species of animal. Everything in our world is different. Naturally, this also applies to humans.
From a psychological point of view, of course, it is more interesting to learn about a person’s individuality. We are all different. This difference begins in the difference in the genetic code, the set of chromosomes and ends in the dissimilarity of behavior, temperament and character of each of us. Everyone has something personal: their own eye color, hair color, height and weight, body type; speaking style and voice; your character and temperament; your attitude towards the environment. This makes us different in the deepest sense of the word. Everyone thinks and acts differently. However, individuality is something broader than just a set of characteristics established by nature. The individuality of a person as an individual develops throughout life. Biologically, as individuals, that is, as representatives of the human race, we are very similar. From birth, everyone has two eyes and two ears, one mouth and nose, two arms and two legs. Some people have the same characteristics: the same eye or hair color, the same skin color, similar nose and lip shapes, etc. However, we are very different from each other. This difference accumulates gradually and gives us individuality.
What is the difference between the concepts of “man”, “individual”, “personality” and the concept of “individuality”
Often in colloquial speech, in fiction or scientific literature, in everyday life, these concepts describe one subject. They are closely related, but do not mean the same thing.
So, “man” is a representative of the human race. Human qualities and physical characteristics are determined genetically.
An individual is a single representative of the species “homo sapiens”. Individuals differ from each other in height, weight, body type, hair color, race, character, thinking, temperament and behavior.
By “personality” we mean the properties of a person that develop in him under the influence of society. What kind of personality a person will become depends on family upbringing, traditions, the influence of relatives, kindergarten teachers, teachers at school, teachers at college and university, colleagues and, in general, on the relationships between people.
Individuality is represented mainly by the spiritual qualities of a person. Reflects its uniqueness, originality and independence. Individuality is the ability of a person to choose for himself, to determine his own path, his calling, and the ability to express himself differently in comparison with others. Thus, it is clear that these concepts are interrelated, since they relate to one subject.
Personality characteristics
A person’s individuality is described by a set of qualities, personal characteristics and abilities that are not found in other people. Human intellectual abilities are especially distinctive. Intelligence develops as a result of working on oneself. It depends on the amount of knowledge acquired, life experience and skills. An intellectually developed person thinks, expresses himself and behaves independently and in his own manner. Individuality is determined by the presence of one’s own worldview, one’s own perception of the world around us. At the same time, a person has a clear life position and his own point of view on everything. Often with the individuality of a person we position a creative person, a person who has a personal creative view on everything. Sometimes these creative abilities are so developed and unlike others that we talk about giftedness. A talented person is especially distinguished from others by his characteristic features. Such an individual is called a strong personality.
Individuality in psychology
Individuality is a unique personality trait that is of interest to study by psychologists. This phenomenon has long been studied both in our country and by foreign psychologists. In psychology, individuality is considered as a complex of interactions between temperament, character, interpersonal relationships, intelligence, interests and hobbies of an individual.
Analyzing the relationships between a person's distinctive features plays an important role. It helps to understand the extent of the influence of society and the environment on the development of the individual and his individuality. Helps to learn about a person’s possibilities for self-realization, to be original and different from others thanks to his efforts. A person is a member of society, and not an isolated subject, which arouses interest in the study. Particularly interesting from a psychological point of view is the study of interpersonal relationships between people in society. This makes it possible to correct mistakes at the stages of development and personality formation.
2. Individuality of the individual and the problem of individual approach in professional music training.
Individuality is often equated with the brightness of personality, which is especially valued in art. Individuality cannot be described simply by listing the special qualities of a person - in any psychological portrait there are necessarily not individual, but typical traits inherent in many people. The individuality of a person is often correlated with the type of temperament, character, personality (during the study of humanity, many typologies have been created, many of which contradict each other).
Individuality is manifested in the unique connections between human properties, but the properties themselves can be inherent in many people. Type is an example of the most likely combination of these properties. It is believed that certain traits are hereditary, but research disproves this hypothesis.
Signs of a person’s individuality:
- External expressiveness. We call an individual a person who looks unusual, has bright speech, expressive gestures, that is, according to the external picture.
- A special connection between traits common to all people. Many people have traits such as kindness, greed, generosity, etc., and individuality lies in how these traits are interconnected. They are always interconnected in a unique way.
- A unique life story. The mental make-up and life experience of each person is unique, even if they belong to the same family, generation, or culture. The formation of personality is influenced primarily by such environmental factors that a person is able to perceive, understand, and to which he attaches some significance.
- The ability to express yourself or what is called “being yourself”
This is the parameter that a person defends every day in social life, because... life averages us out and the ability to express oneself is the highest indicator of individuality.
The second approach to defining individuality: this is the psychological individuality that is associated with such concepts as temperament, character, abilities.
Temperament- a stable combination of individual personality characteristics associated with dynamic rather than meaningful aspects of activity. Temperament is the basis of character development. From a physiological point of view, it is determined by the type of higher nervous activity of a person.
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Topic 12. Man:
individual, personality, individuality
Individuals are born
become a person
individuality is defended.
Man in psychology.
So who is this MAN?
The first thing that can be noted when describing the phenomenon of a person is the variety of his properties. Man is a multifaceted, multidimensional, complexly organized being.
Man is a generic concept, indicating that a creature belongs to the highest degree of development of living nature - to the human race. The concept of “man” affirms the genetic predetermination of the development of actually human characteristics and qualities.
So, Human is a socio-biological being that embodies the highest level in the evolution of life and is a subject of socio-historical activity and communication.
The concept of “man” is used as an extremely general concept to characterize the universal qualities and abilities inherent in all people.
Using this concept, psychologists emphasize that a person is a biological and social being at the same time, which through its life activities influences the environment.
Basic characteristics of a person:
The special structure of the body;
Ability to work;
Presence of consciousness.
In the practice of psychology, a person is studied in several aspects (see Diagram 1).
Scheme 1. Study of man in psychology
1. Man as an individual reflects the biological essence. We are all, like all living things, part of nature. In this aspect, they consider what is given to a person by nature, what makes him belong to the human race, the human body, its structure and how it affects the psyche are studied.
2. At the same time, Human- it's always active creature. Even when we sleep, a separate part of our consciousness does not sleep, continues to digest the information received during the day. And a person is always engaged in some kind of activity, communicates with other people, thinks, shows mental activity (cognitive activity),
3. Third aspect of study person is associated with the fact that the child is not born in isolation, but immediately falls into society, which immediately begins to make its demands on him. Starting from the fact that the child is given a name, and from childhood they are taught: this is how you can act, but this is not possible, from birth the child perceives social roles (son, daughter, kindergarten student, schoolchild, etc.), etc. This all applies to a person as an individual - a social being.
4. And all of the above adds up to a unique individuality everyone person. Every person is unique. Each of you is unique.
But how do these concepts relate: man, individual, personality, individuality?
Individual and personality.
û What do you think personality is?
û Can every person be called a person?
What does the word "personality" mean? What meaning do we put into it? This word has its own history. Originally the Latin word "persona" (personality) meant a mask worn by an actor. The word “mask” had the same meaning among buffoons. In ancient Rome, personae were citizens responsible before the law.
In modern science, the concept of “personality” is one of the most important categories. It is not purely psychological and is studied by history, philosophy, economics, pedagogy and other sciences. In this regard, the question arises about the peculiarities of the approach to personality in psychology.
An important task of psychological science is to discover the psychological properties that characterize the individual and personality.
You, of course, never bothered yourself with the question of how an individual differs from a personality, since this topic hardly bothered you at all. However, the older you get, the more serious your attitude to the world... or maybe you just heard a debate about who can be called a person and who cannot? Be that as it may, the question has been raised - which means we need to find out the answer.
A person is already born into the world as a human being. The structure of the body of the baby that is born allows him to master upright posture in the future, the structure of the brain allows him to develop intelligence, the structure of the hand provides the prospect of using tools, etc. With all these capabilities, a baby differs from a young animal. This confirms the fact that the baby belongs to the human race.
It's safe to say that you are an individual. Just like your parents, and teachers, and that tall guy from the next house, and the beautiful girl from the top floor... However, the baby in the stroller is also an individual, so you have nothing special to be proud of: it is the privilege of a person from birth - to be not an individual, like animals , but an individual, and in order to fall into this category, you just need to have arms, legs, a head and everything that a person has (think for yourself).
The concept of “individual” expresses a person’s gender identity, i.e. any person is an individual.
Individual (from Latin indivisible) – This is a single representative of the human race (species homo sapiens), a specific bearer of individually unique, primarily biologically determined traits. The concept of an individual contains an indication of a person’s similarity to all other people, of his commonality with the human race (musculoskeletal structure, which provides the ability to walk upright, master speech, a nervous system with a certain structure of the brain, etc.). And at the same time, the concept of “individual” also indicates that this is an individual being, different from others (individual characteristics are different among people - body structure, hair color, characteristics of the nervous system, etc.).
Basic characteristics of the individual:
Age and gender:
Age and phase of life;
Sexual dimorphism (male, female);
Individually typical:
Constitutional properties (features of human anatomy, body structure);
Neurodynamic properties (type of nervous system, brain properties, etc.);
Color of eyes, hair, etc.;
Biological needs (for food, safety, etc.);
Makings;
Activity.
The highest integration of individual individual properties of a person is represented in temperament and psychological inclinations.
As we have found out, individuality is connected primarily with natural formations, with the human body, its structure. This is what is laid down in a person during intrauterine development. In general, natural, bodily properties constitute the prerequisites and conditions for the development of his internal, mental qualities inherent in man. For example, a certain structure of the larynx and ligaments is responsible for the fact that a person can speak, and some can sing beautifully.
From individual to personality.
û Answer, is a newborn person a person? Is it possible to talk about the personality of an animal?
Although it is pleasant to be an individual (after all, not an individual, right? – already good), it is not particularly honorable: you need to somehow stand out from the crowd of your kind, but how to do this? And what will happen as a result? But this is exactly the key question! An individual, that is, a person who does not want to do everything the way others do, thinks, feels and acts in his own way, is not afraid to have his own point of view, gradually turns into... personality! That is, a person is an individual, but an individual may not be a person - a sad picture, by the way.
One day, Crybaby, Mischievous, Tikhonya and Ochkarik began to think - what, in fact, sets them apart from the crowd of their kind? After all, there are a lot of schoolchildren like them, some of them even look like these four. But they are special, aren’t they? “I guess I know what’s going on,” said Ochkarik firmly. – You, Crybaby, are a very vulnerable girl, you know how to empathize with others, that’s good. You, Mischievous, are a master of all kinds of inventions, and this is wonderful. Our quiet girl is a very conscientious girl, she can handle any job this way. Well, I... - The bespectacled boy hesitated, - I’m very smart... and just try to disagree with this!!!”
û Think about it, how do you stand out from the crowd of your own kind?
Coming into the world as an individual, a person acquires a special social quality, he becomes a personality. The philosophical definition of personality was given by K. Marx. He defined the essence of man as a set of social relations. It is possible to understand what a person is only through the study of real social connections and relationships into which a person enters. The social nature of the individual always has a specific historical content. It is from the specific socio-historical relations of a person that it is necessary to derive not only the general conditions of development, but also the historically specific essence of the individual. The specificity of social conditions of life and a person’s way of activity determines the characteristics of his individual qualities and properties.
û If we give a description of a person’s personality in Ancient times, in Middle times in Western Europe, in modern times in North America, Africa and Russia, will these characteristics be the same? What will be their specificity?
Personal characteristics are not given to a person from birth. All people adopt certain mental traits, attitudes, customs and feelings in the society in which they live.
A person as an individual is a bearer of historically developed and socially significant qualities, forms of behavior, and activity. Personal qualities are always significant to other people. For example, kindness is a personal quality because it is always directed towards other people, and therefore towards society as a whole.
To the question of what personality is, psychologists answer differently, and the variety of their answers, and partly the divergence of opinions on this matter, reveals the complexity of the personality phenomenon itself.
Personality is considered as the result of the development of the individual, the embodiment of human qualities. This is the social essence of man.
The concept of personality is often divided into two categories: 1 ) personality is a human individual as a subject of social relations and conscious activity; 2) personality is a stable system of socially significant traits that characterize an individual as a member of a particular society or community.
A personality can be called a specific person who is the bearer of consciousness, is capable of cognition, experiences, transformation of the surrounding world and builds certain relationships with this world and with the world of other individuals.
The concept of “personality” implies that an individual has special qualities that he can only develop through communication with other people. This is a set of developed habits and preferences, mental attitude and tone, sociocultural experience and acquired knowledge, a set of psychophysical traits and characteristics of a person, his archetype, which determine everyday behavior and connection with society and nature. Personality is also observed as manifestations of “behavioral masks” developed for different situations and social interaction groups.
Basic personality characteristics:
Orientation (drives, desires, interests, inclinations, ideals, worldviews, beliefs, as well as will).
Experience (knowledge, skills, abilities and habits).
Individual characteristics of individual mental processes: memory, emotions, sensations, thinking, perception, feelings, will.
- Temperament.
Capabilities.
Character.
Motivation and values.
Social needs (acceptance of a person, etc.).
Social status and roles.
Conscious goals.
Personal properties of a person - a person’s life path, his social biography. A person as a representative of society, who freely and responsibly determines his position among others.
Many scientists (and others) believe that a person is a person to the extent that he is significant to other people, to the extent that he is able to give himself to other people, to leave his mark on them.
û In this context, can we talk about the PERSONALITY of the criminal?
Why is an individual worse than a person?
It's no worse. He's just one of many. He cannot be identified. Just remember the tale of the Frog Princess. At the beginning of the fairy tale, three brothers are three individuals, one is practically no different from the other: all three follow their father’s orders and shoot an arrow from their bows, all three bring young wives to the house, try to please their father, and so on. But at the end of the fairy tale, we will no longer confuse Ivan Tsarevich with anyone, he appeared before us in full height. What about his brothers? They remained undiscovered for us: which of them married a merchant’s daughter, and which one married a noblewoman is not clear. And it’s not interesting, to be honest.
In general, an individual does not make the reader want to know more about him, whereas a personality attracts attention. The situation is exactly the same in life - if you do not stand out among others, if you are not interested in anything and you do not have your own opinion and your own, original view of the world, then who needs you? Who wants to waste their time on you? Think about it!
Speaking about a person as an individual, we highlight the integrity of a person, his ability to take a certain place that is unique to him in society, in the world of other people, the ability to manage himself, his behavior and his development, and influence other people.
Personality and individuality.
Along with the concept of “personality”, the concept of “individuality” is often used. How do these two concepts differ from one another? What is human individuality?
û Without looking at further text, can you answer how you understand a person’s individuality?
The personality of each person is endowed only with his own inherent combination of traits and characteristics that form his individuality. Thus, individuality is a combination of a person’s psychological characteristics that determine his uniqueness, originality, and difference from other people . Individuality is manifested in certain character traits, temperament, habits, prevailing interests, in the qualities of cognitive processes, in abilities, in an individual style of activity.
Individuality is the uniqueness of a person as an individual and personality. Individuality is manifested in appearance, physique, expressive movements, character traits, temperament, particular needs and abilities, cognitive, volitional and emotional processes, mental states, and life experiences.
We often use the concept of “individuality” when talking about a person’s personality. However, it should be remembered that this concept does not reflect the integrity of the individual, but only emphasizes the specific features of a person that distinguish him from other people.
The prerequisite for the formation of human individuality is, first of all, the environment where he grows up, the associations he accumulated in childhood, upbringing, peculiarities of family structure and treatment of the child. Both the innate characteristics of a person and his own activity in the formation of his uniqueness are important. There is an opinion that one is born as an individual, becomes an individual, and defends individuality ()
The relationship between individuality and personality is determined by the fact that these are two ways of being a person, two different definitions of him. The discrepancy between these concepts is manifested, in particular, in the fact that there are two different processes of formation of personality and individuality.
The formation of personality is the process of socialization of a person, which consists in his mastering the social essence. This development is always carried out in the specific historical circumstances of a person’s life. The formation of personality is associated with the individual’s acceptance of social functions and roles developed in society, social norms and rules of behavior, and with the formation of skills to build relationships with other people. A formed personality is a subject of free, independent and responsible behavior in society.
The formation of individuality is the process of individualization of an object. Individualization is the process of self-determination and isolation of the individual, his separation from the community, the design of his individuality, uniqueness and originality. A person who has become an individual is an original person who has actively and creatively demonstrated himself in life.
The concepts of “personality” and “individuality” capture different aspects, different dimensions of a person’s essence. The essence of this difference is well expressed in the language. With the word “personality” such epithets as “strong”, “energetic”, “independent” are usually used, thereby emphasizing its active essence in the eyes of others. Individuality is spoken of as “bright”, “unique”, “creative”, meaning the qualities of an independent entity.
DIY
Do you want to be called a “strong personality”, “bright personality”? So what's the deal?
Do-it-yourself, or work on yourself, self-constructor, decide for yourself what you want to call the process of forging personality and individuality from yourself. It is not easy, but a person can cope with any difficulty if he wants, of course. But the main thing for you is to understand what personality and individuality are by disassembling these complex structures into separate blocks.
As we found out, personality is considered as the embodiment in a particular person of social qualities that are acquired in the process of activity and communication with other individuals. One is not born a person, one becomes a person, and this process takes many years
Personality development is a relatively slow process, and a lot of time passes before a person reaches full maturity. In order for an individual to become a person, it takes, of course, not only time. He must constantly be in the human society, enter into one relationship or another with him. It is this connection “man - society” that first of all shapes the personality. And already in the first year of life a child’s need for communication with adults. However, there are many cases where children were completely deprived of the opportunity to communicate with people, and the results of this were truly tragic.
In the middle of the 18th century. A two-month-old baby named Ivan Antonovich was proclaimed Russian emperor. His reign did not last long and ended before the emperor uttered his first word. The courtiers who overthrew Ivan Antonovich from the throne imprisoned him and kept him there for many years. No one ever spoke to the prisoner; he was completely alone. In the end, solitary confinement greatly affected his mental abilities: he could not speak and came across as a complete idiot. By age, he was already an adult, but, of course, it is impossible to talk about him as a person. Also, children who were kidnapped and raised by animals did not become individuals.
Under normal conditions, a person very early enters into relationships with the people around him, with the team, with society, and these relationships are constantly changing, developing, becoming more versatile day by day.
Personality formation also determines activity and its features. It is in activity that the necessary unity of behavior is formed, the connection between the relationships that a person has with the outside world is strengthened.
The goals that a person sets for himself are also important. More precisely, personality development guides the purpose of life. These are very familiar words, but think about their meaning again. Maybe the goal of life is simply a desire, well, let’s say, to become a professional in some industry or just to make some kind of attempt. By what a person’s main goals in life are, one can judge his personality. There has never been a case where the pursuit of a small, personal goal forged a major personality.
So, the personality, developing under the influence of the social environment, possessing unique individual characteristics, constitutes a unity of the highest order. At a certain stage of its development, a person comes into contact with higher layers of human culture - ideals and spiritual values. And then the absorption and internal processing of these values leads to the formation of the spiritual core of the personality, its moral self-awareness. The process that forms this “center” of personality is never completed.
Exercise. Let's understand the terms.
Which of the following human traits characterizes him as an individual? How is your personality? How's the personality? Explain your answer.
Accuracy, slowness, sociable, good motor; nal coordination, willpower, intelligence, daydreaming, brightness of traits, laziness, pride, determination, adaptive capabilities, mathematical abilities, temperament, stubbornness, reactivity, excitability, expressive facial expressions, literary talent, focus, myopia, strength of the nervous system.
Was it always easy to attribute a characteristic to one or another concept? What caused you the most difficulty? How do you explain the difficulties you are experiencing?
û Can you call yourself an individual? If yes, then how does it manifest itself?
New concepts: individual, personality, individuality.
Test questions.
1. Define the concepts of “person”, “individual”, “personality”, “individuality”.
2. How do the concepts of “man” and “individual” relate? Prove that man as an individual is similar to all other people and at the same time different from them.
3. How are the historical conditions in which a person lives and the formation of his personality related?
4. Highlight those factors that are necessary to transform an individual into a personality.
5. Which people can be called a personality with a capital P these days? Are you such a person?
6. How do the concepts of personality and individuality relate?
7. Can you call yourself an individual? Justify your answer.
8. Draw and describe your idea of the connection between the concepts “person”, “individual”, “personality”, “individuality”.
9. Choose the correct answer
9.1 The sign that distinguishes a person from an animal is:
a) manifestation of activity, b) goal setting, c) adaptation to the environment, d) interaction with the outside world.
9.2. What sign characterizes a person as a person?
a) active life position, b) physical and mental health, c) belonging to homo sapiens, d) appearance features.
10. Are Mowgli children individuals? Justify your answer.
11. Express your opinion about the statement: “One is born as an individual, one becomes an individual, one defends individuality.”
Test tasks.
Literature and sources
1. Human horns. – M.: Vlados, 2001.
2. and others. Psychology. – M.: Academy, 1999.
3. My first psychology textbook. – Rostov-n/Don: Phoenix, 2011.
4. Gretsov psychology for girls. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2007.
5. Dyachenko dictionary-reference book. – Mn.: Harvest, M.: AST, 2001.
6. Nemov: In 3 books. – M.: Vlados, 2000. – Book. 1.
7. http:///obh/00066.htm
8. http:///obh/00150.htm
9. http:///difpsi/fxiepe. htm
10. http://cito-web. yspu. org/link1/metod/met121/node3.html
11. http://www. *****/for-students/cards/general-psychology/.html
12. http://ru. wikipedia. org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C
13. http://www. *****/?Article=142
14. http:///psiforum/4--/
Diagnosis of personality traits
Questionnaire of formal-dynamic properties of individuality by V. Rusalov online
This link invites you to take a serious psychological test by V. Rusalov to identify the formal-dynamic properties of individuality. The questionnaire contains 150 questions. The online form allows you to quickly go through the procedure and immediately (without registration and SMS) find out the results.
If you decide to take this questionnaire and do not understand some of the terms in the results, write to your teacher and he will explain what the results obtained on the test mean.
It's interesting to know
Personality self-knowledge exercises
Exercise 1. “Personality Attributes”
Each participant is invited to acquire personal symbols! He must come up with, invent for himself three symbolic attributes: a pseudonym, a personal distinctive sign and a motto. The personal identification mark should be drawn on a piece of paper. It should be simple and symbolic. The motto requires brevity and imagery. An example is given: the pseudonym is “Uncle Vasya”, the distinctive sign is a shovel, the motto is “I dig deep”.
At the end of the work, everyone shows each other their drawings, discusses them and tries to give each of those gathered a characteristic. In addition, participants must evaluate how well each selected symbolic attributes. Based on a five-point system, everyone is given a score based on the totality of their chosen nickname, name sign and motto. To do this, everyone passes their pieces of paper around in a circle and everyone takes turns putting marks on them. Next, the total score is calculated and it is determined who was best able to express themselves in such a “symbolic form.”
Exercise 2. “Collective creation of a personality image”
Everyone is interested in “knowing what impression he makes on others, what associations he evokes in them, what is perceived as significant and what is not noticed at all. Everyone is invited to take part in the joint creative process of creating an artistic image of your classmate. Anyone who wants to become an object of creativity goes into the middle circle that the others form. Each participant, after thinking, says what image is born to him when looking at his classmate. Next, the presenter suggests saying what picture could be added to the created image: what people could surround him, what kind of interior or landscape formed the background pictures. What times does all this remind you of (for example, the image of a “volunteer” may make you think of a mermaid swimming in the water element and surrounded by sea creatures. Or maybe you will think of a lonely wanderer walking through the desert to an unknown destination.). In conclusion, everyone exchanges their impressions of how the game went.
Exercise 3. “Personalization Tools”
As already mentioned, a real personality is capable of producing profound changes in others. But this does not come to her right away. The first step is the ability to win the attention of others.
All participants are asked to complete one simple task. By any means, excluding physical influences and disasters of “local significance,” they must try to attract the attention of others. Everyone must act at the same time.
Then the schoolchildren determine who succeeded and at what cost. Finally, it is calculated who attracted the attention of the largest number of game participants.
Exercise 4. “Qualities that we value”
When we interact with others, we usually discover that we like or dislike them. As a rule, we associate this assessment with the internal qualities of people. Let's try to determine what qualities we value and accept in people. Each participant takes a piece of paper and marks
a group of a person who impresses him in many ways. Next, he writes down five qualities that he especially likes about this person. Then everyone reads the “characteristic” he has compiled, and everyone together tries to determine who it applies to. The presenter, summing up the results, announces which of those present were recognized the fastest, and, therefore, who was among the most popular personalities.
Instructions
You should not look for a clear and objective personality. Just as one can talk endlessly about the essence and purpose of a person and still not come to a single conclusion, the dialogue that arose between the philosophers of antiquity about the nature and essence of personality continues to this day. During this long-standing debate, a large variety of possible definitions were proposed, each of which highlighted the characteristics that form personality.
Don't get caught up in extra-scientific ideas about personality. People's everyday discussions about personality and what its main characteristics are contain a lot from the original meaning of this concept and, unfortunately, are very far from the view of modern science on these issues. The word itself comes directly from Lat. "persona", which originally referred to the masks used by actors in ancient Greek drama during the performance itself. Gradually, it began to be used not only in relation to the theatrical field of activity, it came into active use in everyday life. However, the original meaning of this word was still partly preserved: now it was “,” or “game,” a kind of superficial social image that takes on individuality when it plays certain life roles.
Such an understanding of personality is outside the scope of science and significantly narrows the possible interpretations of this phenomenon. In this “everyday” view, the essence of personality lies in how a person manifests himself in society. What he demonstrates, what others can directly observe when interacting with him, is his “personality.” This interpretation presupposes the possibility of a value judgment. You can often hear: “Petya Ivanov is a strong personality,” “Masha is an unpleasant person,” etc. Such assessments are usually made according to the criteria of socially desirable characteristics, be it, for example, ability to behave in society, charm or popularity.
Try to use scientific ideas about personality in your judgments. The content of the definition of personality from the standpoint of various scientific theories is much more multifaceted than in the original concept of “external social appearance.” Philosophy, theology, literature, sociology, psychology - these are just some of the areas within which various aspects of personality are studied. Scientific ideas that are somewhat similar and in some ways sharply opposed, nevertheless, explain the same object. But the area of personality manifestations is so rich and varied that it turns out to be almost impossible to cover and enclose it within the narrow framework of the only possible definition. However, most theoretical definitions agree on some key aspects in understanding personality.
First and foremost, it recognizes the key importance of individuality or individual differences. Personality expresses those qualities that make each person different from all other people. But the concept of personality and individuality should not be equated. Personality, as a phenomenon, is possible only in the conditions of the existence of society. It is through interaction with society that a person develops in himself those unique qualities that will then form part of his individuality. In addition, personality is viewed in relation to the person's life history or developmental prospects. It is characterized as a subject of influence of internal and external factors, acting as the interaction of genetic and biological predispositions, social experience and changing environmental circumstances. From such a position, a person is a subject included in the system of sociocultural relations in which
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