Municipal educational institution –

secondary school No. 4

"District scientific and practical conference."

Supervisor:,

first qualification category of Municipal Educational Institution-Secondary School No. 4.

Primary school teacher

Asino - 2010

1. Introduction.________________________________________________________________3

2.What is a riddle?________________________________________________4

3.When and why did riddles appear? (history)___________________5

4. What types of riddles are there?__________________________________________6

5.Who wrote riddles in the old days, and who now?________________________ 11

6. Research results._________________________________________________________12

7. Conclusion.________________________________________________________________ 14

8. List of references.___________________________________________ 15

9. Appendix ___________________________________________________16

Introduction.

Relevance. If you ask any person whether he likes to solve riddles, then there is no doubt that everyone will answer “yes”. A riddle is an exercise for the development of the mind, intelligence, and ingenuity. That is why we chose this topic.

Goal of the work: a study of the origin of riddles and their types .

Hypothesis: We assume that people composed riddles to have fun and develop their ingenuity.

Tasks:

· get acquainted with the history of mysteries;

· consider what types of riddles there are.;

· survey students;

· analyze the results obtained and draw conclusions about the study;

· based on the collected material, make little “riddles” books for junior students. school age...

Scientific novelty of the research: This is the first time such a study has been conducted within this institution.

Practical significance: This work can be used during classroom hours and extra-curricular activities in elementary grades.

Research methods:

1. Analysis of literature on the research problem, media.

2. Questionnaire.

3. Data processing and analysis.

Student research: It's all about riddles.

Problematic question

Who invented the riddles and what are they for?

Hypothesis

I think that riddles were invented by ordinary people to have fun and develop their ingenuity.

Questions that concern me

1. What is a riddle?

2. When and why did riddles appear? (story)

3. What types of riddles are there?

4. Who wrote riddles in the old days, and who now?

1. There are many definitions of riddles. We will give several definitions.

Mystery- an intricate description of an object, compiled in order to test a person's intelligence.
The riddle emphasizes the main features of the object. To compose a riddle, you need to identify these signs. It is important to think about the questions: who? Which? what does it look like? what is he doing?

Mystery- a genre of folk (later also author's) creativity, the essence of which is an allegorical and metaphorical description of an object or phenomenon.

MYSTERY- this is a tricky question. The main purpose of a riddle is that it develops intuition and intelligence in a person.

The hut is new, but there is no tenant.
The tenant will appear, the hut will fall apart.

In literary reading lessons, we got acquainted with riddles, learned to solve them, and even tried to come up with our own riddles. It turned out that it was not so easy.

Everyone loves riddles: both adults and children. What is a riddle? This is a special and interesting world. It is the world, since riddles contain knowledge and information about the people, as well as about the world around them. The word itself "mystery" derived from the word "guess", which meant "think", "to reflect".

Riddles are one of the oldest genres of oral folk poetry. Many scientists believe that riddles arose as a phenomenon of allegorical secret speech. Our distant ancestors used it A long time ago, even when people were afraid of nature, it seemed to the ancient hunter, farmer, and cattle breeder that there were good and evil creatures everywhere.

In the forest - a goblin, in the river - Vodyanoy and mermaids, in a hut - Brownie. They thought that a tree, a fish, a bird - everyone understood human language. And in order to deceive the beast and understand each other, they came up with a special language - “mysterious speech”.

Primitive man, who resorted to a special allegorical form of speech, was convinced that he was hiding preparations for hunting, without naming his tools, animals, and intentions. By resorting to allegory, he does not give the animals the opportunity to learn about the danger and thereby ensures a successful hunt for himself.

For example, a bear was called a cow, and in their language it was called “shikusha,” and a horse was called a housetail.” It was from this mysterious speech that riddles were born.

Ancient man endowed nature with the ability to feel and influence the fate of a person, and therefore believed that with the help of mysterious speech one could deceive animals or plants and ward off trouble. A folk riddle is associated with these “false” words, in which an unnamed object or phenomenon was described by pointing to some signs, for example: “I went along the tuk-takh. -tavta, snoring-takhta would have eaten me" (“I went after a horse, took a dog with me and met a bear”). Also, according to scientists, in ancient times riddles were a means of teaching “secret” words to young people. Many centuries ago, people used riddles simply for communication if they did not want others to know what they were talking about. In later times, riddles were used to test wisdom and wit, ingenuity and resourcefulness. Riddles were often used in ancient Russian fairy tales and were considered a kind of test, the completion of which led to the fulfillment of desires.

They beat me with sticks
They stone me
They keep me in a fiery cave
They cut me with knives.
Why are they ruining me like this?
For being loved.

According to the conviction of a primitive hunter, cattle breeder, plowman in the field. in the forest, on the water, in the home - everywhere and everywhere a person constantly faces a hostile conscious force that sends failure. fire, illness. This force must be outwitted, and this requires a secret one. conditional speech. Without knowledge of this conventional speech, the young man could not become an equal member of his native team. Along with others. Tests of his wisdom were arranged for the young men.

A holey trough is made from linden,
Along the way we go and lay out the cages.

Later, peasant customs prescribed riddles to be made at certain times and under certain circumstances. In folk wedding customs, until the 19th century, telling riddles was a mandatory part of the wedding ceremony.

Vladimir Dal I wrote down a proverb that was used as a warning to the groom:

“Choose a friend who can solve riddles.”

In fairy tales, the princess marries the one who managed to guess her riddles. It was forbidden to make riddles at the wrong time - in the summer and during the day. This caused trouble. Among the ancient Greeks and Germans, as legends say, asking riddles was equated with martial arts. According to legends and traditions, those who did not guess the riddle paid with their lives.

Guests arrived - and under the bench

The asking of riddles by mermaids and similar supernatural creatures reproduces in mythological images the knowledge and struggle of man with the forces of nature. Man sought to unravel the secret language of nature in order to master it.
It turns out that the riddle has an interesting story - plunge headlong into this world - and it will not let you get bored.

During the research, we found out that there are different riddles: direct, mathematical and logical, funny and with a trick, rebus riddles and historical ones. They teach us to be attentive and active, develop our imagination and curiosity, train our memory and simply have fun.

The significance of riddles in the lives of our ancestors was great. The main thing is that the riddle was a means of subsistence, the riddle helped to get food; From fairy tales we learned that the heroes’ ability to solve riddles made them noble, rich people at the end of the fairy tale. Riddles explained to the ancestors many phenomena in nature, such as thunder, lightning, thunderstorms.

Why do you need to be able to solve riddles in our time?
(A riddle is an exercise for developing the mind, intelligence, and ingenuity).

Types of riddles with examples

1. Straight riddles, in which, with the help of allegories, direct and indirect features, a mysterious object or phenomenon is described. They can be either colloquial or poetic.

Spoken form:
What is it: it doesn’t bark, doesn’t bite, and doesn’t let you into the house?
Answer: castle.

Of course, the riddle can be more complex, for example:
An obedient slave and at the same time the master himself. Closest to everyone in the world, and at the same time unattainable. Who is this?
Answer: (Your reflection).

The riddle does not necessarily contain only one item. There may be four completely different ones:
It burns without fire, flies without wings, runs without legs, hurts without wounds.
Answers: (Sun, cloud, river, heart).

Folk riddles are very beautiful and imaginative:
Father has a stallion - the whole world cannot contain it,
Mother has boxes that the whole world can’t lift,
My brother has a sash that the whole world can’t roll up.
Answer: (Wind, earth, road).

The Slavs have always loved their nature, and Russian landscapes often inspired storytellers, among other things, to create riddles about nature.

Poetic form:
It grew, it grew,
It crawled out of the bush,
It rolled through my hands,
It ended up in my teeth.
Answer: (Nuts.).

Pay attention to the accuracy of the wording: not another fruit or vegetable, because “rolled” means small and easy to roll, hard (soft, if it rolls, it will most likely smear). Not a cherry, because “from the bush.” Moreover, there is an accent: not “in the mouth”, but “in the teeth”, since the nuts need to be chewed. At first it seems that a lot of things fit this formulation, but in fact - only nuts. A clear example of how folk art is honed over the years, and the result is a capacious and self-sufficient text.

Who knows no boundaries?
Who flies faster than birds?
He is sometimes menacing, sometimes rebellious,
How soft the spring fluff is.
Who is the freest in the world?
Did you guess it? This...
(wind) *
The answer to this riddle is written backwards; There are other convenient ways to record the answer, especially in electronic form - in white font (as in other cases in this article), in the form of additional hyperlinks, upside down, on the last page of the collection, etc.

He trumpets, but is not a trumpeter,
A universally recognized strongman.
He sleeps standing under a palm tree.
Did you guess it? This…
(Elephant) *

The elephant, like many other animals, appears in riddles very often. Although, of course, in Russian folk mysteries it can only be found closer to modern times, when Russians saw elephants in circuses.

2. Trick riddles differ in that they imply one solution, but in fact, behind a play on words or another deceptive device, lies a completely different one.

An example of a children's riddle:
Who's chewing a pine cone on a branch?
Well, of course it is...
Bear Squirrel *

Examples of deceptions:
Ivan had 10 sheep. All but 9 died. How many sheep are left?
Answer: (Nine, because one died).

A storm broke out in the port. The ship sails towards it, focusing on the lighthouse. The lighthouse will go out and go out. Will the ship reach the pier?
Answer: (No, because the beacon will go out and go out, in general, it doesn’t work).

There are two coins on the table; they add up to 3 rubles. One of them is not 1 ruble. What coins are these?
Answer: (2 rubles and 1 ruble. One is certainly not a ruble, but the other is definitely a ruble).

3. Riddles for imaginative thinking are usually resolved if we consider the issue not literally, but figuratively or broadly. Include factors in the decision that may be implied by ambiguous interpretation of the question or the words used in it.
Examples:
The three tractor drivers have a brother, Sergei, but Sergei has no brothers. Could this be possible?
Answer: (Yes, if the tractor drivers are women).

What word always sounds wrong?
Answer: (The word “wrong”).

What can you cook but can't eat?
Answer: (Lessons).

Name five different days without using numbers (1, 2, 3,..) or names (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday...).
Answer: (The day before yesterday, yesterday, today, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow).

What do all people living on Earth do at the same time?
Answer: (Getting older).

4. Math riddles are solved using calculations, but often involve the use of both figurative and logical thinking. And sometimes it’s pure mathematics, but framed in figurative folk speech. For example, a beautiful Russian riddle:

A flock of geese was flying, one goose met them. “Hello,” he said, “a hundred geese!” - “No, we are not a hundred geese. If only there were so many more, and half as much, and a quarter as much, and you, goose, then there would be a hundred of us geese.” How many geese were flying?
Answer: (36 geese. Because if you add the same amount to 36 (36), half as much (18), a quarter as much (9) and one more (1), it will be exactly 100).
First of all, the characters of riddles and fairy tales are those animals and plants that surround the people who created the riddle. There have always been plenty of geese in Rus'

A typical "Train" math riddle:
Two freight trains, both 250 m long, are traveling towards each other at the same speed of 45 km/h. How many seconds will pass after the drivers meet until the conductors of the last cars meet?
Answer: (At the moment the drivers meet, the distance between the conductors will be 500 m. Because each train travels at a speed of 45 + 45 = 90 km/h, or 25 m/s. The required time is 500:25 = 20 seconds.

A simple math problem involving counting:
A messenger left the city, walking 12 miles every day. A messenger was sent after him, who accelerates slowly but surely. On the first day it covers a mile, on the second – two, on the third – three, etc. When will the second messenger catch up with the first?
Answer: (On the 23rd day).

5.Plot riddles.

There is a special category of plot riddles in which the plot plays the main role, being both the background and a set of conditions of the riddle.
Firstly, this is the famous “Danetki” game, which allows a group of participants to investigate a complex and mysterious situation by asking the host questions that can only be answered “yes” or “no”. Danetka example:

“There is a garage. It's completely empty. Only in the middle of the ceiling hangs a hook. A man hanged himself on a hook. There's nothing else in the garage. How could he hang himself?”

Gradually, as they figure out the situation, the players learn that the garage is located in the desert, and that a man arrived in a refrigerator, brought with him an ice cube, placed it under a hook, climbed onto it, and when the cube melted, he naturally found himself hanged.

6. Logic riddles are solved by checking the truth of each proposition separately and various combinations of propositions. Also, they can always be solved using logical equations.

The simplest logic riddle:
Two grandmasters played five games of chess. Each of them won and lost the same number of games. They didn't play a single game in a draw. How could this happen?
Answer: (This is possible if the grandmasters did not play with each other).
This logical riddle is at the same time a trick riddle.

Examples of logic riddles:
A) Anya, Vika, Sasha and Dima are participating in the Olympiad. Fans made the following suggestions:
- Sasha will be the first, Anya will be the last,
- Sasha will be second, Dima will be third,
- Anya will be second, Dima will be fourth.
It turned out that in each sentence one is true, the other is false. What place did each student take?
Answer: (Sasha – 1, Vika – 4, Anya – 2, Dima – 3).

B) Which academic subject - geography, physics, mathematics, history - should be included in the schedule if the following conditions are met:
- if geography is taken out, then physics is taken out;
- if you can’t stand history, then you can’t stand physics;
- incorrect: if mathematics endures, so does history.
Answer: (Mathematics).

C) Alyosha, Borya, Grisha found a vessel in the ground. Alyosha suggested that this is a Greek vessel from the 5th century, Borya that the vessel is Finnish from the 3rd century, Grisha is not a Greek vessel from the 4th century. Each boy is right only in one case. What is the vessel?
Answer: (Finnish 5th century).

D) One of the three students participated in the competition.
If Ivanov did not participate or Petrov participated, then Sidorov did not participate. If Sidorov did not participate, then Ivanov did not participate. Who participated?
Answer: (Petrov).

A logical riddle for preschoolers (which adults do not always guess):
Horse – 5, Cow – 2, Sheep – 2, Pig – 3, Dog – 3,
Cat – 3, Cuckoo – 4, Rooster – 8. Donkey – ?
The answer is (2, because “Ia” is two letters).

7. Humorous (“stupid”) riddles

Usually they are not guessed, but have the character of an anecdote, simply expressed in the form of a riddle or question.

Example:
What is it - green, white, square and flies?
Answer: Square white and green watermelon!

What is it - sitting on a tree, black and croaking? Starting with the letter Sh.
Answer: (Crow. Why on Ш? Because she pretended to be a hose).

Hangs on the wall, green, long, and shoots
Answer: (Towel. Why does it shoot? To make it harder to guess)..

8. Optical illusions most often they are not riddles. Usually these are just pictures demonstrating certain properties of optical illusion.
Example: Count how many black and white dots are in this picture!

9. Charades, anagrams, puzzles

There are many types of riddles that use philological techniques. Usually, their essence comes down to isolating syllables or letters from words, and using correctly isolated syllables or letters to create new words. The main types of such riddles are: charade, anagram, rebus.

Nowadays, riddles have not lost their popularity. They attract the attention of many children's poets, who compose riddles following folk patterns. Author's riddles are easier to guess, and the best of them become real folk riddles, sometimes adapted for oral riddles. Here, for example, is a riddle about a saw:

"Eat, ate, oak, oak, broke a tooth, tooth"

Everyone knows it and perceives it as folk. But it was written by a famous children's writer. And although most of them arose long ago, many are perceived as modern. And many modern author's riddles are perceived by us as folk.

Research results.

We conducted a survey in grades 1B, 1D, 2B and 2D and received the following results.

1. Do you like to ask riddles?

Conclusion: most children love to ask riddles.

2. Do you know the riddles?

Conclusion: all children know riddles.

3. Can you think of 1-2 riddles now?

Made a wish - 100%

Conclusion: all the children made one or two riddles.

4. who comes up with riddles?

Writers – 50%

Ordinary people – 50%

Conclusion: half of the children are sure that riddles are invented by people, and the other half believe that riddles are written by writers.

5. Why do they come up with riddles?

She develops intelligence - 23%

This is an exercise for the mind – 46%

Having fun – 31%

Conclusion: almost half of the children believe that a riddle is an exercise for the mind, 31% believe that it is a fun time, and only 23% believe that it develops intelligence.

After analyzing the work, we can draw the following conclusions:

1. Everyone loves riddles.

2. A riddle is not only a fun pastime, but also an exercise for the mind, the development of imagination, intelligence, and ingenuity.

Thus, the hypothesis put forward at the beginning of the study was confirmed and not refuted.

Conclusion

While working on this project, we learned that riddles arose in ancient times as the language of “secret” speech. Riddles were then used to test the wits of young people, to communicate, or to pass the time in an interesting way. Thus, we came to the conclusion that all the riddles were composed by the people themselves and passed them on to each other from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation. In the twentieth century, riddles appeared that were composed by writers and poets especially for children, the so-called author's riddles. Currently, many modern author's riddles are perceived by us as folk, since many do not remember or simply do not know that these riddles have an author. And although most of the mysteries arose a long time ago, many of them are perceived as modern.

Each new era not only gives birth to new mysteries, but also loses them. Who comes up with riddles now? Studying children's magazines and pages on the Internet, we came to the conclusion that they are written by both writers and ordinary people, that is, the people. The popularity of riddles is due to the fact that they allow us to challenge ourselves, as well as simply entertain us.

Based on the collected material, little riddle books were made for primary school age students (see Appendix No. 1)

Literature:

1.. Mitrofanova V. In Russian folk riddles. Leningrad. The science. 1978, p.14.

2.Children's literature/ Collection of articles. Moscow. 1986, p.19.

3. ibid., p.16.

4. Gardeners of the Russian people: Collection of riddles, questions, parables and problems. Moscow. Terra. 1996, p.15.

5. ibid., p.15.

6. ibid., p.10.

7. ibid., p. 15.

Over the course of many years of working with children, I came to the conclusion that the educational and educational possibilities of riddles are diverse. With the help of riddles, children can develop not only a love for folk art, their native language, figurative and precise words, but also develop children’s thinking. Solving riddles is a kind of gymnastics for a child, mobilizing and training his mental strength. In order to solve a riddle, the child needs to carefully observe, remember what he saw, compare, juxtapose phenomena, mentally dissect them, highlight the necessary aspects each time, and combine what he found. In addition, with the help of riddles, you can develop in children resourcefulness, intelligence, speed of reaction, mental activity, independence, the habit of understanding the world more deeply and comprehensively, as well as accustom children to logic, reasoning and proof.

In addition to developing children's thinking, riddles play an important role in children's speech development.

The use of riddles in working with children contributes to the formation of children's figurative speech; riddles enrich the vocabulary due to the polysemy of words, help to see the secondary meanings of words, and form ideas about the figurative meaning of a word. They help to master the sound and grammatical structure of Russian speech, forcing you to focus on the linguistic form and analyze it. In my work, I use riddles as a means of testing and consolidating knowledge in an entertaining way; I use them during children’s activities, in routine moments, and in joint activities.

I consider it my task to teach children to solve a variety of riddles and come up with their own. Work limited only to retelling riddles and communicating answers does not allow one to fully utilize their developmental capabilities, since riddles are very multifaceted: as a logical task, a riddle teaches one to analyze, identify essential features, compare them, draw conclusions, and test oneself. As a work of oral folk art, it introduces us to the life and way of life of our ancestors. As a literary work, it introduces children to the world of artistic images, introduces them to various speech structures and expressive means of their native language.

Riddles are a necessary attribute of preschool childhood, but relationships with riddles are not always easy. Sometimes a direct and detailed description of an object familiar to children is not associated with the answer, and sometimes the answer is found instantly, without effort. This is a consequence of the unpredictable combination of the properties of the riddle itself and the child’s abilities. A truly mysterious mechanism comes into play, combining the resources of imaginative thinking, imagination, analytics, intuition and experience of the child. To facilitate the inclusion of this mechanism, as well as the emergence in the child of a sense of mystery and a desire to solve the riddle, it is necessary to supplement the expressive means of language with expressive means of voice. Therefore, it is very important to choose the right intonation, timbre and volume of the voice, tempo of speech, and correctly place semantic accents.

Riddles cannot be divided into simple and complex, focusing on their perception by children, but the structure of the riddles makes it possible to distribute them into groups. The following groups of riddles can be distinguished:

1. riddles-descriptions, in which a simple set of signs and actions characteristic of the riddled object are produced;
2. riddles containing a key feature unique to a given object:
3. riddles in which the description is given through negation;
4. riddles, the text of which contains various kinds of clues;
5. riddles, the content of which does not directly indicate the hidden object (riddles constructed using comparisons, metaphors);
6. riddles-rhymes;
7. trick riddles;
8. riddles for ingenuity, etc.

Let's look at the first group of riddles. The use of such riddles in working with children contributes to the development of their skills in speech-evidence and speech-description.

Learning to prove is not only the ability to think correctly, logically, but also to correctly express your thought, forming it into an exact verbal form. In order to arouse in children the need for proof, it is necessary to set a specific goal for the child when solving riddles: not just to guess the riddle, but to prove that the answer is correct. Children should be interested in the process of proof, in reasoning, in the selection of facts and arguments. To do this, I organize a competition between children: “Who will prove it more completely and accurately?” , “Who will prove it more correctly?” . It is necessary to teach children to perceive objects and phenomena of the world around them in all the completeness and depth of connections and relationships, to familiarize them in advance with those objects and phenomena about which riddles will be offered. Then the evidence will be more valid and complete.

When I tell children riddles, I repeat them several times so that the children understand them better, remember them and highlight the signs. After this, I give the children a sample and plan of proof in accordance with the structure of the riddle. For example: “Who has a mustachioed muzzle and a striped fur coat? Who often washes their face without water? Who catches the mice? Who likes to eat fish? Who is this riddle about? .

"Armsless, without legs

There's a knock on the window,

Asking to go to the hut" (Wind)

The second group of riddles are riddles that contain the key distinguishing feature of the riddled object. The riddles of this group are considered the simplest. Experience shows that children are not always able to identify a fragment in the text of a riddle that clearly and unambiguously points to a familiar object.

There are workers in the river,
Not joiners, not carpenters,
And they will build a dam -
At least paint a picture. (Beavers)

The first line only indicates that we are talking about the inhabitants of the river. And only in combination with the third line is the key feature formed (guess)- creatures that live in the river and build dams.

Record holder among animals -
Everyone runs faster.
He steers with his long tail,
He has a dotted fur coat on him. (Cheetah)

The complexity of the riddles of the third group, containing a description through negation, lies primarily in their construction - the listing of signs is moved by an indication of what or who the riddled object is not, this prevents children from focusing on describing the object itself.

Sir, not a wolf,
Long-eared, but not a hare.
With hooves, but not a horse.
Gray, long-eared, with hooves (Donkey).

In this example, indicating who the hidden object is not does not give us additional information. But in a number of riddles, the negating part is more informative; this makes it possible to more fully use the developmental potential of the riddle.

It's not a tie, it's not a collar,
And I’m used to hugging necks.
But not always, but only then,
When the cold comes. (Scarf)

Words "tie" And "collar" in the riddle they indicate that we are talking about an item or piece of clothing that is worn around the neck. This is what unites these words. The second line confirms our answer, and from the last two lines we learn that this item is worn only in cold weather.

The fourth group is riddles, in which, in addition to the description of an object, creature or phenomenon, other clues are given.

For example, the letters that are in the guess word are indicated.

Starts with "O"
And ends with "O" .
I'm sick, I don't walk,
I look at it all day. (Window)

An additional clue is the rhyme - the answer is the last word of the riddle text and most often rhymes with the last word of the penultimate stanza.

I'm early this morning
I washed myself from under... (crane)

Practice shows that such a hint often distracts children from searching for elements of the description and from reasoning. They try to hear the correct answer in the text, which is quite difficult.

The fifth group is riddles, the content of which does not directly indicate the hidden object. Such riddles are built on the basis of metaphors, hyperboles, and comparisons. They are quite difficult to unravel by reasoning. Children often cannot determine by what specific feature the hidden object is compared with an object or creature, "replacing" it is in the text of the riddle. They also find it difficult to choose the correct meaning of ambiguous words.

Finger-licking delicious! -
Orange balls. (Oranges)

There are four spoons under the roof,
And on the roof there is soup and spoons. (Table)

On one finger
The bucket is upside down. (Thimble)

What is before us:
Two shafts behind the ears,
Before our eyes on the wheel
And the nurse on the nose? (Glasses)

It is especially difficult to get to the truth when faced with a riddle built on the basis of a metaphor-paradox, i.e. combinations of opposite, incompatible characteristics and concepts. Penetrating into the hidden meaning of a metaphor, the guesser must compare, compare objects or phenomena from different, often very distant areas, see similarities in them, highlight them, assign them to the same semantic category and, on the basis of this, determine the mystery.

No arms, no legs,
And he can draw. (Freezing)

Even though I am deaf,
And you'll start beating me -
I'll scream. (Bell)

Sometimes a story about a hidden object in a riddle deliberately leads the listener down the wrong path:

What kind of animal?

It eats in winter and sleeps in summer.
The body is warm, but there is no blood.
You will sit on it,
But it won’t get you anywhere.

The riddle requires you to find out the animal that sleeps in the summer, which is nonsense for our climatic conditions. In addition, he is not bleeding, and he is not moving from his spot. Having understood this, we need to build a new line of reasoning. The most important signs are warm "body" , summer "hibernation" and necessity "feed" only in winter. This is a stove.

The sixth group is rhyming riddles. Guessing such riddles is incomparably easier than veiled folk riddles. After all, the right word just begs to be on the tongue, but the benefits of such word games are also enormous.

Oranges and bananas are very popular... (monkey);
I lost my sock, it was stolen... (puppy);
There's a big fight in the river: two people quarreled... (cancer);
Exposing the barrel to the sun, it lies in the garden bed... (zucchini).

The next group is deception riddles. Such riddles, just like rhyming riddles, rhyme, but that’s the trick. The answer must be chosen not to rhyme, but according to its meaning. Such riddles teach children to think and be attentive, and not to succumb to cunning deception. They also develop a sense of humor.

Who likes to run around on branches? Of course, red... fox (squirrel);
Daughters and sons are taught to grunt... by a nightingale (pig);
Who knows a lot about raspberries? Clubfoot, brown... wolf (bear);
A wild boar or a ram started beating on a pine tree like a drum in the forest (woodpecker);
Who's chewing a pine cone on a branch? Well, of course it's... a bear (squirrel)

The next group includes special riddles, the solution of which will not be helped by rich life experience and encyclopedic knowledge. Ingenuity is intelligence, the ability to quickly grasp the essence of the matter, mental acuity, observation, intuition. Ingenuity riddles train intuition and speed of reaction to the unexpected, teach children to think outside the box, help to escape from stereotypes of thinking, and develop a sense of humor. There is always a catch, omissions, and ambiguity in them.

Why does a duck swim? (from the shore);
Why is there a tongue in the mouth? (behind the teeth);

How many ends do three sticks have? What about four? What about four and a half? (6, 8, 10) ;

A cat is sitting on the window. The tail is like a cat, whiskers, paws, ears are like a cat, but she is not a cat herself. Who is this? (Cat);

Which hand is better to stir tea? (it is better to stir the tea with a spoon);

One egg is boiled for 3 minutes. How many minutes will it take to cook 2 eggs? (3 minutes);

When a chicken stands on one leg, it weighs 2 kg. How much will she weigh if she stands on two legs? (2kg.).

In my many years of work, I came to the conclusion that riddles play an important role in the development of preschool children. For them, making and solving a riddle brings great joy. And we, adults, are also not averse to remembering a good old riddle, and trying to compose a new one in a modern way.

1. Illarionova Yu.G. Teach children to solve riddles. - M.: Education, 1976.
2. Alekseeva M.M., Yashina V.I. Methods of speech development and teaching the native language to preschoolers. - M.; Academy, 2000.
3. Romanenko L. Oral folk art in the development of children’s speech activity. Doshk. upbringing. -1990. -No. 7
4. Borodich A.M. Methods for developing children's speech. -M.; Enlightenment, 1976.
5. Russian children's encyclopedia of riddles/Ed. -composition A.V.Bogdanova.-SPb.; Neva, M.: OLMA-PRESS, 2002.
6. The Big Book of Riddles / Compiled by O.V. Uzorova, E.A. Nefedova.-M.; Astrel, AST, 2011

Position: teacher

Place of work: Irkutsk region, Irkutsk, MBDOU No. 94

Document's name TYPES OF RIDDLES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE.ppt

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Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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TYPES OF RIDDLES IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE Research work of a 5th grade student of the Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution "Bibirevskaya Oosh" of the Zapadnodvinsky district of the Tver region. Nikolaeva Vitalia Head of work: teacher of Russian language and literature Polonchuk O.G.

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Objectives of the work: 1. Define the riddle. 2. Get acquainted with the types of riddles in the Russian language. 3. Try to come up with different types of riddles yourself. 4. Present the results of the research and creative work in the form of a presentation.

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Riddle is a genre of folk poetry; an allegorical poetic description of an object or phenomenon that tests the ingenuity of the guesser. (Large Encyclopedic Dictionary) WITH DIFFERENT TYPES, GROUPS AND SUBGROUPS THERE ARE ABOUT 150 (!) VARIETIES OF RIDDLES.

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Just riddles (riddles-questions) What is it with a thin, fragile AND oval shell? And in the nest, look, it split from the inside. (A.T. Volobuev) He looks like a baby, But he’s strong, He’s too mischievous; As soon as he was born, he immediately broke his little house. (V. Nesterenko)

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Riddles-comparisons, direct negative (contrasts) Left with right bank Fastened like a strap. (V. Nesterenko) It is soft, but not a pillow. He jumps, but not a frog. He is round, but not a watermelon. The little one plays with him. (A.T. Volobuev)

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Comparison riddles At night there is light in the sky, but it does not warm. It's like a wedge, it's like a pancake. (Vitalik Nikolaev) A brave traveler, He walks in the desert with dignity. He is not afraid of the heat. Two humps, like two mountains. (Vitalik Nikolaev)

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Comparison riddles She shines like a small sun. You can see her in the window. Gloom, darkness, even fear disperses, She brightly illuminates the room. (Vitalik Nikolaev)

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Rhyming riddles, or proverbs He is a garden plant, Its leaves are eaten raw, And he is also a cold dish, Also called... (salad). (A.T. Volobuev) Mom cooks, steams, fries, she even knows how to bake a cake. An electric...(oven) helps her cook. (A. Lugarev) There are bumps. Coniferous species. The trunk is shiny, with yellowish tint. She rose tall, slender, Called... (A.T. Volobuev)

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Rhyming riddles, or final tales Sweet, round, striped, All the guys love him. Even the cute little one will say: This is... (Vitalik Nikolaev) A dexterous, fast, flexible cat, But you won’t see her at the window. She doesn’t know the strict word “screw”! Guess who it is? Of course... (Vitalik Nikolaev)

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Riddles-clauses (“The letter got lost”, “Find the mistake”) The braid has a tail and horns, The braid drinks water from a bowl. (A.T. Volobuev) A mustachioed house sailed to us, Twenty kilograms in it! (M. Yasnov)

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Clumsy riddles are based on alogism - a stylistic device in which logical connections are deliberately broken to create a comic effect. To prevent a swindler from getting in, a door boot (lock) serves us. (A.T. Volobuev) Holding the bread, Yegorka said: The cat (crust) smells very tasty. (A.T. Volobuev) For the leaves to come out, the branches (buds) of the trees will burst. (A.T. Volobuev) So that there is soup and okroshka. We'll rather take a fork (spoon). (A.T. Volobuev)

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Cheating riddles (wrong answer rhymes) In the third game in a row, I checkmate the King. So I win against Kolya and Sashka in... (A.T. Volobuev) The bright-winged one flutters and collects nectar from the flowers. Near the antennae of the eye, Like this... (A.T. Volobuev)

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Tricky riddles (a trick is a prank, a playful trick, a trick intended to confuse) About letters What do we see all the time in the middle of the ocean? (Letter E) (A.T. Volobuev) Riddles-problems In the sky, a wedge of geese slid, Ten birds rushed somewhere. An evil hunter killed two. So how many birds are left? (Two were killed, the rest flew away) (A.T. Volobuev) Joking questions I am a boy and a girl I will ask you to give me an answer: What will happen when the child turns seven? (Eighth year) (A.T. Volobuev)

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Riddles-rearrangements In their published form they seem nonsense, but with the correct rearrangement of words (usually highlighted in the text) they become a “normal” poem, while the rhythm and meter of the poem do not change. THE MOUSE has a long trunk, the CANCER lies in a ring like a rim, the ZH crawls with its tail forward, And the ELEPHANT lives in the basement. (A.T. Volobuev)

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Charade is a complicated riddle from the French. charade - “charade”, which in turn goes back to the Occitan charrado - “conversation”, “chatter”. As explained in the Great Encyclopedic Dictionary, it is “a kind of riddle: the riddled word is divided into several parts with an independent meaning... and then a description of the meaning of each of these words is given, sometimes in the form of poems or dramatizations.

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Charades Combine a preposition with a game, And a miracle will suddenly happen: The famous flower of Egypt will immediately bloom in front of you. (Loto - c) Two prepositions are dormant Near the threshold, That’s why it’s quiet, And the mouse doesn’t make a sound. (Cat)

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Charades were invented by the poets of ancient Rome. And in modern times, many famous poets became their authors - from A.S. Pushkin to V. Vysotsky. The Russian Decembrist poet K.F. Ryleev also composed charades. My first part, sheltering from the heat, lures tired travelers under its shade and, refreshing them with coolness, whispers and makes noise with zephyr. The second part leads to admiration, since its creator was Derzhavin or Petrov; When Svistov is sprinkled, everyone is put to sleep. But the whole thing - note, dear reader! - The wizard contains all the power within himself, through which he boldly abducted the beautiful Lyudmila at the deaf hour of midnight from the wedding temple to his magic castle. (Bor-oda) (K.F. Ryleev)

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TYPES OF CHARADES Logogryph - a kind of charade, to solve which you need to find a hidden word and form new words from it by rearranging or throwing out individual syllables or letters Metagram - a poetic riddle, which indicates that by adding one letter to a given word (or replacing a letter ) a new word is obtained. An anagram is a rearrangement of letters in a word to form a new word

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TYPES OF CHARADES LOGOGRIF She collects honey from flowers, She is easily recognized by those who read the entire word. Take away the first letter and you get a strand of hair. Take away one more - and now you can celebrate the New Year with it. (Bee - bangs - Christmas tree) (A.T. Volobuev) Metagram With the letter “P” - warms, Dries, fries and bakes, With “R” - unites people, Like a river sometimes flows. (Oven - speech) (V. Kremnev) Anagram Closed carriage of the kings - They rode in it to the sound of hooves. But manage to change the letters, - And in an instant you will be whisked away to the stars. (Carriage - rocket) (A.T. Volobuev)

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CHARADA AND METAGRAM My first syllable is a preposition. The second one is found in all people. What about the whole? People are walking along it. U – faces (Vitalik Nikolaev) With “I” I am floating in the sea-ocean Between the rocks. With “O” - I catch mice in the closet, I lie on the stove in the cold. KIT - CAT (Nikolaev Vitalik)

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Riddles-acrostics The word “acrostic” comes from the Greek asgostichis - “extreme” and stichos - “line”, “verse”. The Dictionary of Literary Terms explains an acrostic as “a poem in which the initial letters of each line, read from top to bottom, form a word or phrase.” Less common are poems that use syllables or words, final or middle letters.

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There are doors in it, Windows in it, We live comfortably in it. (The answer according to the first letters is HOME.) (A.T. Volobuev) Double acrostic - a combination of traditional acrostics and end (televerse) verses. Let the child be loud, rebelliously stubborn, Pineapple and strawberries do not seduce him, Slowly they will run their hand through his hair, And then they will kiss - and there is no more screaming. (From the first letters from top to bottom it turns out “dad”, according to the last ones - “mom”). (A.T. Volobuev)

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Document's name Types of riddles in modern Russian language.doc

Research

5th grade student

Municipal educational institution "Bibirevskaya secondary school"

Nikolaeva Vitaly

Head: Polonchuk O.G.

Goals of work:

1. Define the riddle.

2. Get acquainted with the types of riddles in the Russian language.

3. Try to come up with some types of riddles yourself.

4. Present the results of the research and creative work in the form of a presentation.

What is a riddle? In the 4-volume “Dictionary of the Russian Language” and the 20-volume “Dictionary of the Modern Russian Literary Language” it is explained as follows: “A brief allegorical description of any object or phenomenon that needs to be known, solved” or: “A question, a task that requires resolution; that which is unclear or incomprehensible.”

In the “Big Encyclopedic Dictionary” the riddle is defined as “A genre of folk poetry; an allegorical poetic description of an object or phenomenon, testing the ingenuity of the guesser.”

In modern Russian, the following types of riddles are distinguished.

First of all, these are the so-called just riddles, i.e. those that do not have any characteristic features or unusual techniques - these are riddle questions, or poetic questions. They differ from riddles in prose only in their poetic structure:

What is it - with a thin, fragile

And an oval shell?

And look, it’s in the nest,

It split from the inside. (Egg.)

Another type of riddle - comparison riddles. In them, the answer is compared with another object, concept, phenomenon that has a common feature. Comparison is a type of trope in which one concept is clarified through comparison with another and the depicted phenomenon is likened to another according to some common characteristic to identify new, important properties in the object of comparison. Commonly used words are “as”, “as if”, “as if”, “exactly”, “similar”, “similar”. In this case, the instrumental, accusative and genitive cases are used. Quite often they resort to metaphors. This - direct comparison riddles:

It flies above the ground like an airplane,

It flies up steeply - like a rocket.

The dragonfly's tail carries him

Small propeller. What is this?

(Helicopter.)

Negative comparison riddles(contrasts) are built on the principle of negative comparison. “Negative comparison is a special form of figurative comparison, in which there is not a comparison of one object with another, as is done in any direct comparison, but a contrast of one object to another. O.z.-s. - a favorite stylistic device in Russian folk poetry...” (A.P. Kvyatkovsky “Poetic Dictionary”). In such riddles, some properties, signs of an object are either rejected, or matching signs are given, but this object is not recognized, and objects with similar properties and qualities are consistently excluded:

It's soft, but not a pillow.

He jumps, but not a frog.

It's round, but not a watermelon,

The toddler is playing with him. (Ball.)

The next type of riddles is rhyming riddles, or proverbs. In them, the answer word rhymes with the end word of another line (usually the penultimate one), which helps to choose the desired answer:

He is a garden plant,

Its leaves are eaten raw

And he is also a cold dish,

Also called... (salad).

An interesting type of riddles -riddles-clauses . In many publications they are located under the headings “The letter got lost” or “Find the mistake.” In words, instead of the necessary letters, for the sake of a joke, others are put, distorting the meaning phrases usually highlighted in the text:

The braid has a tail and horns,

The spit drinks water from a bowl. (Goat.)

When a word with the wrong letter is put into rhyme, the result is clumsy riddles.

Here and below, alogism is used - a stylistic device in which logical connections are deliberately broken to create a comic effect. Moreover, the keywords differ not by one letter, but by several:

So that the swindler cannot get in,

Serves us as a doorman With A P O G (h A m O To).

In the next two groups of humorous rhyming riddles, not both answer options rhyme - correct and false - but only one of them. However, the correct answer in them will be rhymed; with answers, they become ordinary poems:

Holding the bread, Yegorka said:

- The cat (crust) smells very tasty.

In widespread, found in many publications deception riddles, on the contrary, only the incorrect answer is rhymed (it can only be implied, but it can also be written in). Here is a clear attempt to deceive, confuse the guesser, suggest, “slip” him into an erroneous solution, since the correct answer with the lines does not rhyme at all. Here is an example where the wrong answer is implied:

In the third game in a row

I checkmate the king.

Same with Kolya and Sashka

I win at... (chess).

(The rhyme suggests “checkers”).

Tricky riddles constructed in the form of tricky questions. A trick in this case is a prank, a playful trick, a trick intended to confuse. There are many such prosaic riddles in folk art, but there are also poetic ones. They can be grouped as follows.

About letters. This is a relatively large group, which can be divided into several subgroups according to the way the letters are related, their place in the word and line. But the principle of these riddles is the same: it seems that we are talking about some objects, phenomena, concepts, actions, but in fact they mean a play on words, their characteristic features, similarity or difference. Many riddles are based on transferring the size (length) of objects to the length of words, and on comparing these lengths. Sometimes the place of a letter in a word is played out, for example, in the middle of it, and at the beginning of one and at the end of another. But the question is again asked not according to words, but according to objects. It happens that a fraudulent attempt is made to combine concepts due to the same arrangement of some letters in different words, i.e. the commonality of objects is associated with the commonality of letters.

Some famous poets (for example, G.R. Derzhavin) wrote poems in which one of the letters was missing (“L”, “R”, etc.). This - lipogram, or lipogrammatic verse.

The next group of tricky riddles is riddles-tasks. At first glance, they are about arithmetic operations, but in fact they test intelligence and the ability to think outside the box. For example, the word “remained” does not imply the result of subtraction, but the location of an object, thing, animal:

A wedge of geese glided in the sky,

Ten birds were rushing somewhere.

An evil hunter killed two

So how many birds are left?

(There were two killed left - the rest flew away.)

Another group of tricky riddles - joke questions. This is where ingenuity must work in full force. The obvious answer (although it may also be correct) is not accepted - the answer must be answered with a smile:

Some to the Volga, some to Anapa -

It's time for vacation.

Why do we buy a hat

Where is the sun and heat?

(We’ll buy a hat because they don’t give it for free.)

A curious kind of riddle - rearrangements. In their published form they seem to be nonsense, but with the correct rearrangement of words (usually highlighted in the text) they become a “normal” poem, while the rhythm and meter do not change.

Permutations are divided into several groups according to the use of different parts of speech in them. In nouns, or subject, you need to swap words denoting the subject:

The MOUSE has a long trunk,

CANCER lies like a ring, like a rim,

The snake is crawling tail first,

And the ELEPHANT lives in the basement.

In adjectives, absurdity is created by using inappropriate, inappropriate adjectives, such as the wrong color. In numerals, the numbers are in the wrong places.

Standing apart is a complicated riddle - charade. The word comes from the French. charade - “charade”, which in turn goes back to the Occitan charrado - “conversation”, “chatter”. As explained in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary, it is “a kind of riddle: the riddled word is divided into several parts with an independent meaning... and then a description of the meaning of each of these words is given, sometimes in the form of poems or dramatizations,” i.e. Each part and the whole word are described figuratively.

In a traditional charade, the searched words are usually divided into syllables. But it can be broken down into semantic parts arbitrarily. The variety of forms of these riddles is described in the “Concise Literary Encyclopedia”: “A more complex form of charade (derivative words are made up of all or some letters of the original word, taken in any order) is called logogriff" A similar definition of logogriff is in the Dictionary of the Russian Language: “A type of charade, to solve which you need to find a mysterious word and form new words from it by rearranging or throwing out individual syllables or letters.” Such charades can be divided into the following subgroups.

Dropping letters from a word. In the “Poetic Dictionary” this is the first meaning of the word logogriff - “a stylistic device for constructing a phrase or verse by selecting such words, the sequential combination of which gives a picture of the gradual decrease in sounds (or letters) of the original long word.” (See: bee - bangs - Christmas tree).

If we do not subtract letters, but add them, let’s move on to metagram. The Poetic Dictionary says: “A metagram... a poetic riddle, which indicates that by adding one letter to a given word, new words are obtained.”

If you rearrange the letters in words in any order, you get anagram, and according to the “Dictionary of Literary Terms” this is “a rearrangement of letters in a word, forming a new word... often found in pseudonyms, used in riddles and charades.”

Two or more words may differ in one letter, consonant or vowel. Charades use words that, when read from the beginning, have one meaning, and when read from the end, have another. Some words differ only in stress.

A very interesting type of riddle - acrostic riddles. The word “acrostic” comes from the Greek asgostichis - “extreme” and stichos - “line”, “verse”. At V.I. Dahl in the Explanatory Dictionary is “a poem where the initial letters of the verses form a name, word or speech; extremeness, placeholder." The Dictionary of Literary Terms explains an acrostic as “a poem in which the initial letters of each line, read from top to bottom, form a word or phrase.” Less common are poems that use syllables or words, final or middle letters. In the “Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary” we read: “An acrostic from the last letters of a verse is called a telestic, from the middle ones a mesostic; they can combine into very complex shapes.” In the “Dictionary of Literary Terms” the second form is called mesoverse.

Russians; poets have been writing acrostics for a long time: for example, “The Acrostic Riddle” by Yu.A. Neledinsky-Meletsky, written 200 years ago.

Interesting information about acrostics is given in the book by G. P. Sumarukov “The Hidden Name. Secret writing in the Tale of shelf Igor." "... Among ancient Russian scribes, acrostics were a favorite type of secret writing. Usually acrostics were nominal." There were different names for them: beginning line, beginning edge, edge edge, edge line, first letter. According to the author, acrostics have been found “since the 12th century, and some data - with XImilestone". The alphabet acrostic is the oldest in Rus'; in the book it is mentioned as the ABC prayer of 894. The author writes: “Numerous variants of one or another variety of acrostics are known. Thus, most often records appear when reading from bottom to top.” And further: “The acrostic poem in ancient Russian written sources is the most widespread and varied system of secret writing.”

In the traditional, now most common form, acrostic riddles are straightforward. At G.V. Sumarukov called them classical, or correct. The topics can be any: animals, natural phenomena, tools, alphabet, etc. To make sure your answers are correct and clearly read the first letters of all lines from top to bottom:

The doors in it

The windows in it

We live comfortably in it.

(The answer in the first letters is house.)

In reverse acrostics, the answer is also read from the initial letters, but from bottom to top. This option was used in Rus' more often than others.

Now about TV poems(Greek tele - “far” and suchos “verse”). Today this term, which has nothing to do with television, seems unfortunate. A more appropriate name would be end acrostics, since the answer is obtained from the last letters of the lines. They can be direct and reverse. Direct example:

Long beak, striped wing,

With a tuft, but not a freak,

He's a very catchy bird

The breeds stand out.

The last letters of the lines, when read from top to bottom, form the name of the bird, the word “hoopoe”.

The combination of traditional acrostics and end (telesis) poems is double acrostics. Here is an example of a double direct acrostic:

Who are they?

P the child is loud, stubborn and rebellious m,

A we are not attracted to him and strawberries A,

P quietly run your hand through your hair m,

A then they kiss - and there is no more screaming A.

From the first letters from top to bottom it turns out to be “dad”, from the last letters it turns out to be “mother”.

THERE ARE ABOUT 150 (!) VARIETIES OF RIDDLES WITH DIFFERENT TYPES, GROUPS AND SUBGROUPS.

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The fact of the existence of such a genre as a riddle was known in ancient times. It has not lost its relevance in modern people’s lives. What is so attractive about this form of folk and original poetry? Why is the genre developing so actively? existing today are incredibly diverse.

What is a riddle

There are several definitions of this concept. The meaning of many of them comes down to the fact that the riddle gives a description of some object or phenomenon of reality in an allegorical form. In addition, very often the text contains a question, the answer to which becomes the answer.

Considering that the types of riddles have a wide variety, variations in the definition of the concept are acceptable. A common point is that the text is always thought out and clearly formulated.

Allegory and metaphor

Types of riddles containing metaphor or allegory in the text are considered the most ancient. In them, everyday objects, phenomena occurring in life are likened to the actions of the person himself. For example:

• If you feed him, he lives; if you give him something to drink, he dies. Fire.

The most complex type of riddles contains a special characteristic of the phenomenon or object in question. Their description uses words that are rarely used together with the hidden name of the item. An example would be riddles:

• White sheep run around the candle. Willow.
• In the middle of the field lies a mirror: the glass is blue and the frame is green. Pond.

It is known from history that people valued not only those who could solve riddles. People who knew how to speak in riddles had a special place. Among their relatives, they bore the title of sages, possessing extraordinary clarity of mind, ingenuity, and invention. Sometimes they were credited with supernatural abilities.

Sound image in text

Certain types of riddles are based not on a semantic image, but on a sound one. To find the answer, you need to listen to every word of the text. A certain combination of sounds in them suggests a clue word.

Here you also need to show ingenuity and ingenuity. Human erudition is also important when solving such riddles:

• Tsap-scratchers: pick up armfuls! Rake.

It should be taken into account that there are ancient riddles of this type, as well as those created by writers more recently. It has been noticed that for a modern person, the most difficult to understand are works that appeared several centuries ago. And this is quite understandable. Searching for a clue word forces a person to better know the life of his ancestors, the history of a particular people.

Using the small genre in working with children

All types of riddles for children are usually divided into certain topics. This facilitates the work of the teacher or parents at the stage of preparation for the lesson. Thematic groups can be as follows:

• alphabet, letters, alphabet;
• human life;
• time calculation, seasons;
• musical literacy and instruments;
• garden;
• modern and ancient means of transportation;
• educational supplies;
• natural phenomena.

This is just a small list of topics that can be explored with children through the use of riddles. They fit well into any school subject, as well as a holiday, competition, excursion. Riddles enliven the learning process, making it more vivid and memorable.

The role of riddles in the development of children’s horizons, their speech, curiosity, and observation is very important. Using this genre, you can organize daily training of your child’s memory and attention. Considering the fact that children love riddles, such activities will not seem intrusive and boring.

A riddle is an expression or image that needs to be solved. Riddles are extremely useful not only for children, but also for adults, as they force the brain to “move”, use logic, and sometimes even imagination. For self-development, you can solve various types of riddles.

Types of riddles

• A riddle in the form of an image. For example, this could be a puzzle with pictures, where by certain addition and subtraction of letters from the words they represent, you can solve an encrypted word or expression. Such riddles are often asked to younger schoolchildren.
• Logic riddles can be simpler and have a trick. To solve them, you need to either build a logical chain or apply a non-standard solution. An example of such a riddle: “Which hand should you stir the tea with?” A person with direct logical thinking will answer that it is right if he is right-handed, or left if he is left-handed. The correct answer lies in a different area altogether and sounds like this: “It’s better to do it with a spoon.”
• There are verbal rhyming riddles and poems. Usually they are read aloud by one person, and everyone else adds the missing guess word in unison, which creates a rhyme.
• There are folk riddles that are already quite old. They may differ in folk and outdated vocabulary, but they are very popular in folklore classes. For example, a riddle about a rainbow: “A painted rocker hung over the river.”
• There are also author's riddles - the opposite of folk ones. Such riddles are distinguished by individuality, since they are composed by an individual person. Examples of such riddles include questions from viewers to experts on the TV show “What? Where? When?”

If you want to get a detailed explanation of the riddle in a general sense, then you may be interested in the article