Nazi experiments on people. What experiments did the Nazis conduct on people?

Doctors have always had a special attitude; they were considered the saviors of humanity. Even in ancient times, witch doctors and healers were revered, believing that they had special healing powers. This is why modern humanity is shocked by the blatant medical experiments of the Nazis.

The wartime priorities were not only rescue, but also the preservation of people’s working capacity in extreme conditions, the possibility of blood transfusions with different Rh factors, and new drugs were tested. Great importance was given to experiments to combat hypothermia. The German army, which took part in the war on the eastern front, was completely unprepared for the climatic conditions of the northern part of the USSR. A huge number of soldiers and officers suffered serious frostbite or even died from the winter cold.

Doctors under the leadership of Dr. Sigmund Rascher dealt with this problem in the Dachau and Auschwitz concentration camps. Reich Minister Heinrich Himmler personally showed great interest in these experiments (the Nazi experiments on people were very similar to atrocities). At a medical conference held in 1942 to study medical problems associated with work in the northern seas and highlands, Dr. Rascher published the results of his experiments conducted on concentration camp prisoners. His experiments concerned two aspects - how long a person can stay at low temperatures without dying, and in what ways he can then be resuscitated. To answer these questions, thousands of prisoners were immersed in icy water in winter or lay naked and tied to stretchers in the cold.

Sigmund Rascher during another experiment

To find out at what body temperature a person dies, young Slavic or Jewish men were immersed naked in a tank of ice water close to “0” degrees. To measure a prisoner's body temperature, a sensor was inserted into the prisoner's rectum using a probe that had an expandable metal ring at the end, which was pushed open inside the rectum to hold the sensor firmly in place.

It took a huge number of victims to find out that death finally occurs when body temperature drops to 25 degrees. They simulated the entry of German pilots into the waters of the Arctic Ocean. With the help of inhumane experiments, it was found that hypothermia of the occipital lower part of the head contributes to faster death. This knowledge led to the creation of life jackets with a special headrest that prevents the head from immersing in water.

Sigmund Rascher during hypothermia experiments

To quickly warm up the victim, inhuman torture was also used. For example, they tried to warm up frozen people using ultraviolet lamps, trying to determine the time of exposure at which the skin begins to burn. The method of “internal irrigation” was also used. At the same time, water heated to “bubbles” was injected into the test subject’s stomach, rectum and bladder using probes and a catheter. All victims died from such treatment, without exception. The most effective method turned out to be placing a frozen body in water and gradually heating this water. But a huge number of prisoners died before it was concluded that the heating must be slow enough. At the suggestion of Himmler personally, attempts were made to warm the frozen man with the help of women who warmed the man and copulated with him. This kind of treatment had some success, but, of course, not at critical cooling temperatures….

Dr. Rascher also conducted experiments to determine from what maximum height pilots could jump out of an airplane with a parachute and survive. He conducted experiments on prisoners, simulating atmospheric pressure at an altitude of up to 20 thousand meters and the effect of free fall without an oxygen cylinder. Of the 200 experimental prisoners, 70 died. It is terrible that these experiments were completely meaningless and did not provide any practical benefit for German aviation.

Research in the field of genetics was very important for the fascist regime. The goal of the fascist doctors was to find evidence of the superiority of the Aryan race over others. A true Aryan had to be athletically built with correct body proportions, be blond and have blue eyes. So that blacks, Latin Americans, Jews, gypsies, and at the same time simply homosexuals, could in no way prevent the accession of the chosen race, they were simply destroyed...

For those entering into marriage, the German leadership demanded that a whole list of conditions be met and full testing be carried out in order to guarantee the racial purity of children born in marriage. The conditions were very strict, and violation was punishable by up to the death penalty. No exceptions were made for anyone.

Thus, the legal wife of Dr. Z. Rascher, whom we mentioned earlier, was infertile, and the married couple adopted two children. Later, the Gestapo conducted an investigation and Z. Fischer’s wife was executed for this crime. So the killer doctor was overtaken by punishment from those people to whom he was fanatically devoted.

In the book by journalist O. Erradon “Black Order. The Pagan Army of the Third Reich" talks about the existence of several programs to preserve the purity of the race. In Nazi Germany, “mercy death” was widely used everywhere - this is a type of euthanasia, the victims of which were disabled children and the mentally ill. All doctors and midwives were required to report newborns with Down syndrome, any physical deformities, cerebral palsy, etc. The parents of such newborns were pressured to send their children to “death centers” scattered throughout Germany.

To prove racial superiority, Nazi medical scientists conducted countless experiments measuring the skulls of people belonging to various nationalities. The task of scientists was to determine the external signs that distinguish the master race, and, accordingly, the ability to detect and correct defects that do occur from time to time. In the cycle of these studies, Dr. Joseph Mengele, who was involved in experiments on twins in Auschwitz, is infamous. He personally screened thousands of arriving prisoners, sorting them into "interesting" or "uninteresting" for his experiments. The “uninteresting” ones were sent to die in gas chambers, and the “interesting” ones had to envy those who found their death so quickly.

Joseph Mengele and an employee of the Institute of Anthropology, 1930s

Horrible torture awaited the test subjects. Dr. Mengele was especially interested in pairs of twins. It is known that he conducted experiments on 1,500 pairs of twins, and only 200 pairs survived. Many were killed immediately so that a comparative anatomical analysis could be carried out during autopsy. And in some cases, Mengele inoculated various diseases into one of the twins, so that later, having killed both, he could see the difference between the healthy and the sick.

Much attention was paid to the issue of sterilization. Candidates for this were all people with hereditary physical or mental illnesses, as well as various hereditary pathologies, these included not only blindness and deafness, but also alcoholism. In addition to the victims of sterilization within the country, the problem of the population of enslaved countries arose.

The Nazis were looking for ways to sterilize large numbers of people as cheaply and quickly as possible without causing workers long-term disability. Research in this area was led by Dr. Carl Clauberg.

Carl Clauberg

In the concentration camps of Auschwitz, Ravensbrück and others, thousands of prisoners were exposed to various medical chemicals, surgical operations, and x-rays. Almost all of them became disabled and lost the opportunity to procreate. The chemical treatments used were injections of iodine and silver nitrate, which were indeed very effective, but caused many side effects, including cervical cancer, severe abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding.

The method of radiation exposure of experimental subjects turned out to be more “profitable”. It turned out that a small dose of X-rays can provoke infertility in the human body; sperm ceases to be produced in men, and eggs are not produced in women's bodies. The result of this series of experiments was radioactive overdose and even radioactive burns for many prisoners.

From the winter of 1943 to the autumn of 1944, experiments were conducted in the Buchenwald concentration camp on the effects of various poisons on the human body. They were mixed into the prisoners' food and the reaction was observed. Some victims were allowed to die, some were killed by guards at various stages of poisoning, which made it possible to conduct an autopsy and monitor how the poison gradually spreads and affects the body. In the same camp, a search was conducted for a vaccine against the bacteria typhus, yellow fever, diphtheria, and smallpox, for which prisoners were first vaccinated with experimental vaccines and then infected with the disease.

In 1947, there were 23 doctors in the dock at Nuremberg. They were tried for turning medical science into a monster that was subservient to the interests of the Third Reich.

January 30, 1933, Berlin. Professor Blots Clinic. An ordinary medical institution, which competing doctors sometimes call the “devil’s clinic.” Alfred Blots is not liked by his medical colleagues, but they still listen to his opinion. It is known in the scientific community that he was the first to study the effects of poisonous gases on the human genetic system. But Blots did not make the results of his research public. On January 30, Alfred Blots sent a congratulatory telegram to the new Chancellor of Germany, in which he proposed a program of new research in the field of genetics. He received the answer: “Your research is of interest to Germany. They must be continued. Adolf Hitler."

What is "eugenics"?

In the 20s, Alfred Blots traveled around the country giving lectures on what “eugenics” was. He considers himself the founder of a new science, his main idea is “racial purity of the nation.” Some call it the struggle for a healthy lifestyle. Blots argues that the human future can be simulated at the genetic level, in the womb, and this will happen at the end of the 20th century. They listened to him and were surprised, but no one called him “the devil doctor.” Yudin Boris Grigorievich, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, claims that “eugenics is a science (although it can hardly be called a science”) that deals with the genetic improvement of humans.”

In 1933, Hitler believed German geneticists. They promised the Fuhrer that within 20-40 years they would raise a new person, aggressive and obedient to the authorities. The conversation was about cyborgs, biological soldiers of the Third Reich. Hitler was excited about this idea.
During one of Blots' lectures in Munich, a scandal broke out. When asked what the doctor proposed to do with the sick, Blots replied “sterilize or kill,” and that this was precisely the purpose of eugenics. After this, the lecturer was booed, and the term “eugenics” appeared on newspaper pages.
In the mid-30s, a new symbol of Germany appeared, the glass woman. This symbol was even shown at the World Exhibition in Paris. Eugenics was not invented by Hitler, but by doctors. They wanted good for the German people, but it all ended in concentration camps and experiments on people. And it all started with a glass woman.
Boris Yudin claims that doctors “incited” German leaders to Nazism. At a time when this term did not yet exist, they began to practice eugenics, which in Germany was called racial hygiene. Then, when Hitler and his associates came to power, it became clear that it would be possible to sell the idea of ​​racial hygiene. From Professor Burle’s book, “Science and the Swastika”: “After Hitler came to power, the Fuhrer actively supported the development of German medicine and biology. Funding for scientific research increased tenfold, and doctors were declared the elite. In the Nazi state, this profession was considered the most important, since its representatives were responsible for the purity of the German race.”

"Human Hygiene"

Dresden, Museum of Human Hygiene. This scientific institution was under the personal patronage of Hitler and Himmler. The main task of the museum is mass propaganda of healthy lifestyle. It was in the Museum of Human Hygiene that a terrible plan for sterilization of the population was developed, which Hitler supported. Hitler insisted that only healthy Germans had children, so the German people would ensure the “thousand-year existence of the Third Reich.” Those who suffer from mental illness and physical disabilities should not make their offspring suffer. This speech had to do not so much with individuals as with entire nations.

In the hands of Hitler, eugenics turned into the science of racial murder. And the first victims of eugenics were the Jews, because in Germany they were declared an “unclean race.” According to Hitler, the ideal German race should not “contaminate” its blood by mixing with Jews. This idea was supported by doctors of the Third Reich.

Eugenics professors developed laws of racial purity. According to the laws, Jews did not have the right to work in schools, government agencies, or teach at universities. And first of all, according to doctors, it was necessary to clear the scientific and medical ranks of Jews. Science was becoming an elite closed society.

In the mid-20s, Germany had the most advanced science. All scientists and doctors who worked in the field of genetics, biology, obstetrics and gynecology considered it prestigious to undergo an internship in Germany. At that time, a third of doctors were Jews, but after the great purge in 1933-1935, German medicine became completely Aryan. Himmler actively recruited doctors into the SS, and many joined because they were supporters of the Nazi cause.
According to Blots, the world was originally divided into “healthy” and “unhealthy” peoples. This is confirmed by genetic and medical research data. The goal of eugenics is to save humanity from disease and self-destruction. According to German scientists, Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, Chinese, and blacks are nations with an inadequate psyche, weak immunity, and an increased ability to transmit diseases. The salvation of the nation lies in the sterilization of some peoples and the regulated birth rate of others.
In the mid-30s, on a small estate near Berlin, a secret facility was located. This is the Fuhrer's medical school, its activities are patronized by Rudolf Hess, Hitler's deputy. Every year, medical workers, obstetricians and doctors gathered here. You couldn’t come to school of your own free will. The students were selected by the Nazis, the party. SS doctors selected personnel who took advanced training courses at the medical school. This school trained doctors to work in concentration camps, but at first these personnel were used for the sterilization program in the second half of the 30s.

In 1937, Karl Brant became the official boss of German medicine. This man is responsible for the health of the Germans. According to the sterilization program, Karl Brant and his subordinates could use euthanasia to get rid of mentally ill people, disabled people and children with disabilities. Thus, the Third Reich got rid of “extra mouths”, because military policy does not imply the presence of social support. Brant completed his task - before the war, the German nation was cleared of psychopaths, disabled people and freaks. Then more than 100 thousand adults were killed, and gas chambers were used for the first time.

Unit T-4

September 1939, Germany attacked Poland. The Fuhrer clearly expressed his attitude towards the Poles: “The Poles must be slaves of the Third Reich, because at the moment the Russians are beyond our reach. But not a single person capable of governing this country should remain alive." Since 1939, Nazi doctors will begin to work with the so-called “Slavic material”. The death factories began their work; there were one and a half million people in Auschwitz alone. According to the plan, 75-90% of those entering were to immediately go into gas chambers, and the remaining 10% of people were to become material for monstrous medical experiments. The children's blood was used to treat German soldiers in military hospitals. According to the historian Zalessky, the rate of blood sampling was extremely high, sometimes even all the blood was taken. Medical personnel from the T-4 unit were developing new ways of selecting people for destruction.

The experiments at Auschwitz were led by Joseph Mengel. The prisoners nicknamed him “the angel of death.” Tens of thousands of people became victims of his experiments. He had a laboratory and dozens of professors and doctors who selected children and twins. The twins received blood transfusions and organ transplants from each other. Sisters were forced to bear children from their brothers. Forced gender reassignment operations were carried out. There have been attempts to change the color of a child's eyes by injecting various chemicals into the eyes, amputating organs, and attempting to sew children together. Of the 3 thousand twins who came to Mengele, only three hundred survived. His name became a household word for a killer doctor. He dissected live babies and tested women with high-voltage electric shocks to find out the limits of endurance. But this was only the tip of the iceberg of killer doctors. Other groups of doctors conducted experiments with low temperatures: how low a degree a person can withstand. What is the most effective way for a person to become hypothermic, and what is the best way to resuscitate him. The influence of phosgene and mustard gas on the human body was tested. They found out how long a person could drink sea water and performed bone transplants. They were looking for a remedy that could speed up or slow down human growth. We treated gay men,
With the outbreak of hostilities on the military front, hospitals were overcrowded with wounded German soldiers, and their treatment required new techniques. Therefore, they began a new series of experiments on prisoners, causing them injuries similar to the wounds of German soldiers. Then they were treated in different ways, finding out which methods were effective. Shrapnel fragments were injected to determine the stages at which operations were needed. Everything was carried out without anesthesia, and tissue infections led to the amputation of the prisoner’s limbs.
To find out what danger a pilot faced when an airplane cabin depressurized at high altitude, the Nazis put prisoners in a low-pressure chamber and recorded the body's reaction. Experiments were conducted on the use of euthanasia and sterilization, and the development of infectious diseases such as hepatitis, typhus and malaria was checked. They infected - cured - infected again until the person died. They experimented with poisons, adding them to prisoners' food or shooting them with poisonous bullets.

These experiments were carried out not by sadists, but by professional doctors from the special SS unit T-4. By 1944, the monstrous experiments became known in America. This caused unconditional condemnation, but the results of the experiments were of interest to the intelligence services, military departments, and some scientists. That is why the Nuremberg trial of the murderous doctors ended only in 1948, and by that time the case materials had disappeared without a trace, or ended up in US research centers, including materials on “Practical Medicine of the Third Reich.”

1. Homosexuality
Homosexuals have no place on the planet. At least that's what the Nazis thought. Therefore, they, led by Dr. Karl Wernet, in Buchenwald, from July 1944, sewed capsules with “male hormone” into the groins of gay prisoners. Then those healed were sent to concentration camps to live with women, ordering the latter to provoke newcomers into sex. History is silent about the results of such experiments.
2. Pressure
German physician Sigmund Rascher was too concerned about the problems that Third Reich pilots could have at an altitude of 20 kilometers. Therefore, as the chief physician at the Dachau concentration camp, he created special pressure chambers in which he placed prisoners and experimented with pressure. After this, the scientist opened the skulls of the victims and examined their brains. 200 people took part in this experiment. 80 died on the surgical table, the rest were shot.
3. White phosphorus
From November 1941 to January 1944, drugs that could treat white phosphorus burns were tested on the human body in Buchenwald. It is not known whether the Nazis managed to invent a panacea. But, believe me, these experiments took away plenty of prisoners’ lives.
4. Poisons
The food in Buchenwald was not the best. This was especially felt from December 1943 to October 1944. The Nazis mixed various poisons into prisoners' food and then studied their effects on the human body. Often such experiments ended with the immediate dissection of the victim after eating. And in September 1944, the Germans got tired of messing around with experimental subjects. Therefore, all participants in the experiment were shot.
5. Sterilization
Carl Clauberg was a German doctor who became famous for sterilization during World War II. From March 1941 to January 1945, the scientist tried to find a way to make millions of people infertile in the shortest possible time. Clauberg succeeded: the doctor injected prisoners of Auschwitz, Revensbrück and other concentration camps with iodine and silver nitrate. Although such injections had a lot of side effects (bleeding, pain and cancer), they successfully sterilized the person. But Clauberg’s favorite was radiation exposure: the person was invited to a special chamber with a chair, sitting on which he filled out questionnaires. And then the victim simply left, not suspecting that she would never be able to have children again. Often such exposures resulted in serious radiation burns.

6. Sea water
During World War II, the Nazis once again confirmed that sea water is undrinkable. On the territory of the Dachau concentration camp (Germany), the Austrian doctor Hans Eppinger and professor Wilhelm Beiglbeck in July 1944 decided to check how long 90 gypsies could live without water. The victims of the experiment were so dehydrated that they even licked the recently washed floor.
7. Sulfanilamide
Sulfanilamide is a synthetic antimicrobial agent. From July 1942 to September 1943, the Nazis, led by the German professor Gebhard, tried to determine the effectiveness of the drug in the treatment of streptococcus, tetanus and anaerobic gangrene. Who do you think they infected to conduct such experiments?
8. Mustard gas
Doctors will not find a way to cure a person from a burn with mustard gas if at least one victim of such a chemical weapon does not come to their table. Why look for someone if you can poison and train on prisoners from the German concentration camp of Sachsenhausen? This is what the minds of the Reich were doing throughout the Second World War.
9. Malaria
SS Hauptsturmführer and MD Kurt Plötner still could not find a cure for malaria. The scientist was not even helped by the thousand prisoners from Dachau who were forced to take part in his experiments. Victims were infected through the bites of infected mosquitoes and treated with various drugs. More than half of the test subjects did not survive.
10. Frostbite
German soldiers on the Eastern Front had a hard time in winter: they had a hard time enduring the harsh Russian winters. Therefore, Sigmund Rascher conducted experiments in Dachau and Auschwitz, with the help of which he tried to find a way to quickly resuscitate soldiers after frostbite. To do this, the Nazis put Luftwaffe uniforms on prisoners and placed them in ice water. There were two heating methods. The first - the victim was lowered into a bath of hot water. The second was placed between two naked women. The first method turned out to be more effective.
11. Gemini
Over one and a half thousand twins were subjected to experiments by the German physician and doctor of science Josef Mengele in Auschwitz. The scientist tried to change the color of the eyes of the experimental subjects by injecting chemicals directly into the protein of the visual organ. Another crazy idea of ​​Mengele was an attempt to create Siamese twins. To do this, the scientist stitched prisoners together. Of the 1,500 participants in the experiments, only 200 survived.

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The twin phenomenon has long been seen as having vital implications for the study of genetics and behavior, as well as a wide range of other fields such as inherited diseases, the genetics of obesity, the genetic basis of common diseases, and many others.

But against the backdrop of all the most ordinary modern studies of twins, there will always be the shadow of the cruel Nazi doctor Joseph Mengele, who conducted the most perverted and savage experiments on twins for the glory of the science of the Third Reich.

Mengele worked at the Polish concentration camp Auschwitz (Auschwitz), built in 1940, which also experimented on homosexuals, the disabled, the mentally disabled, gypsies and prisoners of war.

During his time at Auschwitz, Mengele experimented on more than 1,500 pairs of twins, of whom only about 300 survived. Mengele was obsessed with twins, he considered them the key to the salvation of the Aryan race and dreamed of blue-eyed, blonde women giving birth to several of the same blue-eyed and blond-haired babies at a time.

Every time a new batch of prisoners arrived at the concentration camp, Mengele, with burning eyes, carefully looked for twins among them and, having found them, sent them to a special barracks, where the twins were classified according to their age and gender.

Joseph Mengele

Many of these twins, who went through all the circles of hell in this barracks, were no more than 5-6 years old. At first it seemed that there might be salvation for them here, since they were fed well here, compared to other barracks, and they did not kill (immediately).

In addition, Mengele often appeared here to examine certain twins and brought with him sweets that he treated to the children. For the children, exhausted by the road, hunger and hardships, he seemed like a kind and caring uncle who joked with them and even played.

A pair of twin girls from Auschwitz

Twin children also did not have their heads shaved and were often allowed to keep their own clothes. They were also not sent to forced labor, were not beaten, and were even allowed to go outside to take a walk.

At first, they were also not particularly tortured, mainly limited to blood tests. However, all this was just a façade to keep the children in a calm and as natural state as possible for the time being for the sake of the purity of the experiments. Real horrors awaited the children in the future.

The experiments involved injecting various chemicals into the twins' eyes to see if it was possible to change eye color. These experiments often resulted in severe pain, eye infection, and temporary or permanent blindness. Attempts have also been made to "sew" twins together to artificially create conjoined twins.

Mengele also used the method of infecting one of the twins with infections and then dissecting both experimental subjects in order to examine and compare the affected organs. There are facts that Mengele injected children with certain substances, the nature of which was never determined, which had many side effects, from loss of consciousness to severe pain or instant death. Only one of the twins received these substances.

Sometimes the twins were kept apart from each other and one of them was subjected to physical or mental torture, while the state of the other twin at these moments was carefully observed and the slightest signs of anxiety were recorded. This was done to study the mysterious psychic connection between twins, about which there have always been many tales.

The twins were given a complete blood transfusion from one to the other, and surgery was performed without anesthesia to castrate or sterilize (one twin was operated on, and the other was left as a control sample). If, during fatal experiments on two twins, one somehow survived, he was still killed, since he was no longer valuable alive.

A lot of information about Mengele's cruel experiments is known only from those about 300 surviving twins. For example, in an interview with journalists, Vera Kriegel, who was kept in a barracks with her twin sister, said that one day she was brought to an office where there were jars along the entire wall with the eyes of children removed.

“I looked at this wall of human eyes. They were of different colors - blue, green, brown. Those eyes looked at me like a collection of butterflies, and I fell to the floor in shock.” Kriegel and her sister were subjected to the following experiments - the sisters were kept in two wooden boxes and given painful injections into their eyes to change their color. Kriegel also said that in parallel with them, an experiment was done on another pair of twins and they were infected with the terrible Noma disease (water cancer), from which their faces and genitals were covered with painful boils.

Eva Moses Core

Another surviving girl, Eva Moses Kor, was held in Auschwitz with her twin sister Miriam from the age of 10 from 1944 to 1945 until they were liberated by Soviet soldiers. All the girls' siblings (parents, aunts, uncles, cousins) were killed immediately when they were brought to the concentration camp, and the girls were separated from them. “When the door of our cow car opened, I heard the SS soldiers shouting “Schnell! Schnell! and they started throwing us out.

My mother grabbed Miriam and me by the hand, she always tried to protect us because we were the youngest in the family. People came out very quickly and then I noticed that my father and my two older sisters were missing. Then it was our turn and the soldier shouted “Twins! Twins!". He stopped to look at us. Miriam and I were very similar to each other, it was immediately noticeable. “Are they twins?” the soldier asked my mother. “Is this good?” asked my mother. The soldier nodded his head affirmatively. “They are twins,” my mother said then.

After this, an SS guard took Miriam and me away from our mother without any warning or explanation. We screamed very loudly as they carried us away. I remember looking back and seeing my mother’s arms stretched out towards us in desperation.” Eva Moses Core told a lot about the experiments in the barracks. She talked about gypsy twins who were sewn together back to back and their organs and blood vessels were connected to each other. After which they screamed in agony without stopping until their screams were silenced by gangrene and death three days later. Kor also recalls a strange experiment that lasted 6 days and during which the sisters just had to sit without clothes for 8 hours.

After which they were examined and something was written down. But they also had to go through more terrible experiments, during which they were given incomprehensible painful injections. At the same time, the despair and fear of the girls seemed to cause great pleasure in Mengele. “One day we were taken to a laboratory, which I call a blood laboratory. There they took a lot of blood from my left arm and gave me several injections in my right arm. Some of them were very dangerous, although we did not know all the names and still do not know them today. After one of these injections I felt very ill and had a very high fever. My arms and legs were very swollen and there were red spots all over my body. Maybe it was typhus, I don't know.

No one ever told us what they were doing to us. I received a total of five injections then. I was shaking a lot due to the high temperature. In the morning Mengele and Dr. Konig and three other doctors came. They looked at my fever and Mengele said, chuckling, “It’s a pity that she’s so young. She only has two weeks left to live." “Incredibly, Eva and Miriam managed to live to see the day when the Soviet Army liberated the prisoners of Auschwitz. Kor says she was too young at the time to fully understand what was being done to them. But years later, Kor founded the CANDLES (Children of Auschwitz Nazi Deadly Lab Experiments Survivors) program and with its help began searching for other surviving twins from the Auschwitz barracks. Eva Morses Kor managed to locate 122 couples who lived in ten countries and four continents, and then, through many negotiations and great efforts, all these surviving twins managed to meet in Jerusalem in February 1985. “We talked to many of them and I learned that there were many other experiments there.

For example, twins who were over 16 years old were used in cross-gender blood transfusions. This is when a man's blood is transfused into a woman and vice versa. However, they did not check, of course, whether this blood was compatible and most of these twins died. There are twins with the same experience in Australia, Stephanie and Annette Heller, and there is Judith Malik from Israel, who had a brother, Sullivan. Judith revealed that she was used in this experiment with her brother. She remembered that she was lying on the table during the experiment, and her brother was lying next to him and his body was quickly cooling down. He died. She survived, but then she had a lot of health problems.”

Eva Moses Core and Miriam Moses

Because of the experiments in the Mengele barracks, Eva Moses Cor Miriam's sister was left with kidney problems for the rest of her life. Mengele conducted experiments on kidneys with twins, partly because he himself had suffered from kidney problems since the age of 16. He was deeply interested in understanding how the kidneys worked and how to treat kidney problems. Miriam had problems with the growth of her kidneys, and after the birth of her children, her kidney problem became even more complicated and none of the antibiotics helped her. Eva eventually donated one of her own kidneys to save her sister in 1987, but Miriam died of kidney complications in 1993, and doctors are still not sure what substances were injected into her to cause all these complications. .

It still remains a mystery what exactly results Mengele wanted to achieve with the twins and whether he succeeded in any of his plans. Most of the drugs and substances he administered to the twins remained unknown. When Soviet soldiers liberated the death camp, Mengele managed to escape and take refuge, but was soon captured by American soldiers. Unfortunately, he was not identified as a Nazi there and managed to escape again. He left Europe and hid in Argentina in 1949, where he went to great lengths to remain undetected for decades before finally drowning at a resort in Brazil in 1979. Very little is known about what This is what Mengele was doing during these decades in exile and because of this there is a lot of speculation and rumors of varying degrees of veracity.

Mengele (third from right) in the 1970s somewhere in South America

One conspiracy theory is that Mengele never stopped being obsessed with the twins even after fleeing to South America. The Argentine historian Jorge Camarasa wrote about this in his book “Mengele: Angel of Death in South America”. After spending years researching Mengele's activities in the region, the historian discovered that residents of Cándido Godoy, Brazil, claimed that Mengele visited their town several times during the 1960s as a veterinarian and then offered various medical services to local women.

Soon after these visits, there was a real surge in twin births in the city and many of them had blond hair and blue eyes. It is likely that in this city, which became Mengele's new laboratory, he finally succeeded in fulfilling his dreams of a mass birth of blue-eyed Aryan twins.

Twins Candida-Godoi

Nazi Germany, in addition to starting World War II, is also notorious for its concentration camps, as well as the horrors that happened there. The horror of the Nazi camp system consisted not only of terror and arbitrariness, but also of the colossal experiments on people that were carried out there. Scientific research was carried out on a grand scale, and its goals were so varied that it would take a long time to even name them.

In German concentration camps, scientific hypotheses were tested and various biomedical technologies were tested on living “human material”. Wartime dictated its priorities, so doctors were primarily interested in the practical application of scientific theories. For example, the possibility of maintaining people’s working capacity under conditions of excessive stress, blood transfusions with different Rh factors were studied, and new drugs were tested.

Among these monstrous experiments are pressure tests, experiments on hypothermia, the development of a vaccine against typhus, experiments with malaria, gas, sea water, poisons, sulfanilamide, sterilization experiments and many others.

In 1941, experiments were carried out with hypothermia. They were led by Dr. Rascher under the direct supervision of Himmler. The experiments were carried out in two stages. At the first stage, they found out what temperature a person could withstand and for how long, and the second stage was to determine ways to restore the human body after frostbite. To conduct such experiments, prisoners were taken out in winter without clothes for the whole night or placed in ice water. Hypothermia trials were conducted exclusively on men to simulate the conditions experienced by German soldiers on the Eastern Front, as the Nazis were ill-prepared for winter. For example, in one of the first experiments, prisoners were lowered into a container of water, the temperature of which ranged from 2 to 12 degrees, wearing pilot suits. At the same time, they were put on life jackets, which kept them afloat. As a result of the experiment, Rascher found that attempts to bring a person caught in ice water back to life are practically zero if the cerebellum was overcooled. This was the reason for the development of a special vest with a headrest that covered the back of the head and prevented the back of the head from plunging into the water.

The same Dr. Rascher in 1942 began conducting experiments on prisoners using pressure changes. Thus, doctors tried to establish how much air pressure a person can withstand and for how long. To conduct the experiment, a special pressure chamber was used, in which the pressure was regulated. There were 25 people in it at the same time. The purpose of these experiments was to help pilots and skydivers at high altitudes. According to one of the doctor's reports, the experiment was carried out on a 37-year-old Jew who was in good physical shape. Half an hour after the start of the experiment, he died.

200 prisoners took part in the experiment, 80 of them died, the rest were simply killed.

The Nazis also made large-scale preparations for the use of bacteriological agents. The emphasis was mainly on fast-moving diseases, plague, anthrax, typhus, that is, diseases that in a short time could cause mass infections and death of the enemy.

The Third Reich had large reserves of typhus bacteria. In the event of their mass use, it was necessary to develop a vaccine to disinfect the Germans. On behalf of the government, Dr. Paul began developing a vaccine against typhus. The first to experience the effects of vaccines were the prisoners of Buchenwald. In 1942, 26 Roma, who had previously been vaccinated, were infected with typhus there. As a result, 6 people died from progression of the disease. This result did not satisfy the management, since the mortality rate was high. Therefore, research was continued in 1943. And the next year, the improved vaccine was again tested on humans. But this time the victims of vaccination were prisoners of the Natzweiler camp. Dr. Chrétien conducted the experiments. 80 gypsies were selected for the experiment. They were infected with typhus in two ways: by injection and by airborne droplets. Of the total number of test subjects, only 6 people became infected, but even such a small number were not provided with any medical care. In 1944, all 80 people who were involved in the experiment either died from the disease or were shot by concentration camp guards.

In addition, other cruel experiments were carried out on prisoners in the same Buchenwald. So, in 1943-1944, experiments with incendiary mixtures were carried out there. Their goal was to solve problems associated with bomb explosions, when soldiers received phosphorus burns. Mostly Russian prisoners were used for these experiments.

Experiments with the genitals were also carried out here in order to identify the causes of homosexuality. They involved not only homosexuals, but also men of traditional orientation. One of the experiments was genital transplantation.

Also in Buchenwald, experiments were carried out to infect prisoners with yellow fever, diphtheria, smallpox, and also used poisonous substances. For example, to study the effect of poisons on the human body, they were added to the food of prisoners. As a result, some of the victims died, and some were immediately shot for autopsies. In 1944, all participants in this experiment were shot using poison bullets.

A series of experiments were also carried out at the Dachau concentration camp. Thus, back in 1942, some prisoners aged 20 to 45 were infected with malaria. In total, 1,200 people were infected. Permission to conduct the experiment was obtained by the leader, Dr. Pletner, directly from Himmler. The victims were bitten by malarial mosquitoes, and, in addition, they were also infused with sporozoans, which were taken from mosquitoes. Quinine, antipyrine, pyramidon, and also a special drug called “2516-Bering” were used for treatment. As a result, approximately 40 people died from malaria, about 400 died from complications of the disease, and another number died from excessive doses of medication.

Here, in Dachau, in 1944, experiments were carried out to convert sea water into drinking water. For the experiments, 90 gypsies were used, who were completely deprived of food and forced to drink only sea water.

No less terrible experiments were carried out at the Auschwitz concentration camp. So, in particular, throughout the entire period of the war, sterilization experiments were carried out there, the purpose of which was to identify a quick and effective way to sterilize a large number of people without much time and physical effort. During the experiment, thousands of people were sterilized. The procedure was carried out using surgery, x-rays and various medications. At first, injections with iodine or silver nitrate were used, but this method had a large number of side effects. Therefore, irradiation was more preferable. Scientists have found that a certain amount of X-rays can prevent the human body from producing eggs and sperm. During the experiments, a large number of prisoners received radiation burns.

The experiments with twins conducted by Dr. Mengele in the Auschwitz concentration camp were particularly cruel. Before the war, he worked on genetics, so twins were especially “interesting” to him.

Mengele personally sorted the “human material”: the most interesting, in his opinion, were sent to experiments, the less hardy to labor, and the rest to the gas chamber.

The experiment involved 1,500 pairs of twins, of which only 200 survived. Mengele conducted experiments on changing eye color by injecting chemicals, which resulted in complete or temporary blindness. He also attempted to "create Siamese twins" by sewing twins together. In addition, he experimented with infecting one of the twins with an infection, after which he performed autopsies on both to compare the affected organs.

When Soviet troops approached Auschwitz, the doctor managed to escape to Latin America.

There were also experiments in another German concentration camp - Ravensbrück. The experiments used women who were injected with bacteria of tetanus, staphylococcus, and gas gangrene. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the effectiveness of sulfonamide drugs.

The prisoners were given incisions, where shards of glass or metal were placed, and then bacteria were planted. After infection, subjects were closely monitored, recording changes in temperature and other signs of infection. In addition, experiments in transplantology and traumatology were conducted here. Women were deliberately mutilated, and to make it more convenient to monitor the healing process, sections of the body were cut out to the bone. Moreover, their limbs were often amputated, which were then taken to a neighboring camp and reattached to other prisoners.

Not only did the Nazis abuse prisoners of concentration camps, but they also conducted experiments on “true Aryans.” Thus, a large burial was recently discovered, which was initially mistaken for Scythian remains. However, it was later established that there were German soldiers in the grave. The discovery horrified archaeologists: some of the bodies were decapitated, others had their shinbones sawed off, and others had holes along the spine. It was also found that during life people were exposed to chemicals, and incisions were clearly visible in many skulls. As it later turned out, these were victims of experiments by the Ahnenerbe, a secret organization of the Third Reich that was engaged in the creation of a superman.

Since it was immediately obvious that such experiments would involve a large number of casualties, Himmler took responsibility for all deaths. He did not consider all these horrors to be murder, because, according to him, concentration camp prisoners are not people.