Conversation in Polish. Polish alphabet with Russian transcription and pronunciation

Then, in the panel control panel, select "Keyboard".
In the window that appears, select the "Language" tab. You must have 2 languages ​​installed: Russian and English. If Russian is selected as the primary language, then select the “English” language, click on the “Set as primary” button, “OK”, and then restart the computer.

In the Keyboard window, on the Language tab, click the Add button.
In the "Add a language" window that appears, select Language "Polish".
Click "OK" and the "Keyboard" window will remain. Select the language "English", click "Delete".
The program will ask you to insert the distribution disk.

Usually a reboot is required after this.
After rebooting, select Start | Setting | Control Panel.
In the Control Panel, select "Keyboard".
In the window that appears, select the "Language" tab.
Highlight Language "Polish" and click the "Properties" button.
In the "Language Properties" window that appears, select the "Polish (programming)" layout.
Click OK.
The program will ask you to insert the distribution disk.

Windows NT with Service Packs installed already has support for Eastern European languages.
All you have to do is add the “Polish (programmer)” keyboard layout, and then delete the “English” layout that has become unnecessary.

Windows ME (Millennium)

In the window that appears, select "Add or Remove Programs"
In the window that appears, select the "Windows Installation" tab. Click on the Multilingual Support component. Click the "Composition" button and in the "Multilingual Support" window that appears, check the "Languages ​​of Central Europe" box.
Click "OK", "OK".
The program will ask you to insert the distribution disk.

In the Control Panel window, select Keyboard.
In the Keyboard window, select the Language tab. You must have 2 languages ​​installed: Russian and English. If Russian is selected as the main language, then select the “English” language, click on the “Set as default” button, and then “Apply”.
Click on the "Add" button, in the "Add a language" window, select Language "Polish".
Click OK. In the remaining "Keyboard" window, select the "English" language, click "Delete".
Highlight the language "Polish" and click the "Set as default" button, and then "OK".
The program will ask you to insert the distribution disk. Then a message will appear stating that changing the language is not possible - ignore it.
Restart your computer.

Open the "Keyboards" window from the "Control Panel", click on the "Language" tab, select the "Polish" language, click the "Properties" button and in the "Language Properties" window that appears, select the "Polish Programmer" layout, click "OK" OK".
The program will ask you to insert the distribution disk.
Restart your computer.

Start Menu | Setting | Control Panel.
In the window that appears, click on the “Language and standards” icon
On the General tab, in the "System language settings" list, select "Central Europe".
Click OK.
The program will ask you to insert the distribution disk (remember that the installation files are located in the "i386" subdirectory).
Restart your computer.

Then, in Control Panel, select Keyboard.
In the window that appears, select the "Language and Layouts" tab. You must have 2 languages ​​installed: Russian and English. Make English the default (there should be a checkmark to the left of the name): select it and click on the “Set as default” button, then click the “Apply” button.

Next, add the Polish language: click the "Add" button, in the window that appears, select Input language - "Polish", and Keyboard layout - "Polish (programmer)"; click "OK".
In the remaining "Properties: Keyboard" window, select the "English" language in the "Installed languages..." list and click "Delete".
Then highlight the language "Polish" and click the "Set as default" button.
Then click "OK".
Restart your computer.

Please note that in Windows 2000 you can use Polish characters in the Russian version in system fields (like names of files or parameters).

Possible problems

Symptom: After installing the Polish layout, it became impossible to switch to the Latin alphabet when entering file names, passwords, in the browser address window...
Reason: You have set the Polish layout incorrectly.
Remedy: Remove the Polish keyboard layout, install the English one instead, and make it the main one (used by default). Then reboot and do everything exactly as it is written in our instructions, not forgetting to reboot where we write about it.

Symptom: when trying to make the Polish layout the main one, a message is displayed stating that such a replacement is impossible.
Remedy: 1. Do everything as written in our instructions, ignoring such messages, but be sure to reboot after that.
2. See eliminating the previous cause.

Symptom: you did everything as written, and programs like Word correctly show Polish characters and allow you to enter them. But in other programs, abracadabra is displayed instead of Polish characters.
Reason: You may have changed the code tables for 1250 coloring (this is done, for example, so that PhotoShop starts writing in Russian).
Remedy: The old values ​​need to be returned.
Click "Start", select the "Run..." menu and enter "regedit" in the "Open" window. The registry editing window will appear. In it, find the branch "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\Nls\CodePage". For parameter "1250" there should be "c_1250.nls" (often replaced with c_1251.nls).
Do the same for the branch "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ SYSTEM\ ControlSet002\ Control\Nls\CodePage" and for "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ SYSTEM\ CurrentControlSet\ Control\Nls\CodePage".
Reboot your computer.
Now PhotoShop will not write in Russian, but you will be able to enter Polish characters normally.

P.S. Why "Polish Programmer"?

There are 2 main Polish layouts: "Polish standard" (like on a typewriter), and "Polish programmer". The Polish standard layout, unlike the English one, has a changed location of the “Z” and “Y” keys, as well as “:”, “;”. Using this layout is not very convenient.

You've done everything. How to type special Polish characters?

Change the current language to Polish (using the combination Ctrl+Shift, Alt+Shift, etc., depending on your settings; or on the keyboard indicator).
In order to write "A," "C," "E," etc. press right "Alt", and the corresponding main letter on the keyboard ("Alt+A", "Alt+C", etc.)
The only letter you won't be able to write this way is "Z" with a line. It is entered by the key combination "Alt+X" ("X" is the next key after "Z").

These keyboard shortcuts work in all Windows programs.

Finally, when all your “torment” is over, we will note that in emails it is possible to dispense with the use of special Polish characters altogether. ;-)

Jun 19

Traveling is always exciting, because it’s so nice to visit new places and get new experiences. But sometimes the problem of knowing the language, or rather, not knowing it, arises. Moreover, when going to Poland, I would like to communicate specifically in Polish to experience the local flavor. That is why every tourist will need a small Russian-Polish phrasebook.

So, you have finally arrived on a trip to Poland. Let's start our Russian-Polish phrasebook with greetings, which is an indispensable part of any conversation. Of course, the actual pronunciation of some words is quite difficult to describe, but even with minor errors in pronunciation, they will definitely understand and help you. Let's not forget that The stress in all words is on the penultimate syllable.

"Basic forms of communication"

Russian language	Polish language	Pronunciation
Thank you	Dziękuję	Jenkuen
Thank you for your concern/help/invitation/advice	Dziękuję za opieke / pomoc / zaproszenie / rade	Jenkuen for custody / help / requested / rade
Please	Prosze	Prosheng
I'm very pleased	Jestem bardzo zadowolony	Estem Bardzo are satisfied
Please help me	Proszę mi pomóc	Proshen mi pomuts
Let me ask	Pozwólcie że zapytam	I'll torture you more vulgarly
It's OK!	Nic nie szkodzi!	Nits ne skoji
Cheers!	Na zdrowie!	Cheers!
Bon appetit!	Smacznego!	Smachnego!
I'm in hurry	Śpieszę się	Shpeshen puppy
Yes	So	So
No	Nie	Not
I agree	Zgadzam się	Zgadzam puppy
It's clear	Jasne	Yasne
I don't mind	Nie mam nic przeciwko	Not mom proszecivko
Unfortunately, I don't have time	Niestety, nie mam czasu	Nestats, not mom for an hour
With pleasure	Z przyjemnoscią	For a night

"Railway station"

Upon arrival in Poland, you find yourself at the train station. Let's call the following table “Station”. But phrases from it will help you for your further journey.

Russian language	Polish language	Pronunciation
How to get to the ticket office?	Gdzie tu jest kasa biletowa?	Gje tu eat kasa ticket?
What time will the train arrive to...?	O ktorej godzinie mam polaczenie do...?	About kturei gojine mam polonchen do...?
How many stations does it take to...?	Jak wiele bedzie do...?	Yak vele benje do...?
This platform number...?	Liczba ta platforma...?	Lichba that platform...?
Where should the transplant be made?	Gdzie trzeba sie przesiasc?	Gje tsheba schen psheshchenschch?
From which platform does the train depart to...?	Z ktorego peronu odjezdza pociag do...?	Z kturego peronu clothes pochong do...?
Give me a ticket for a sleeping car/second class.	Prosze o bilet sypialny/drugiej klasy.	Proshe about the ticket strewn / other klyas.
What station?	So to za stacja?	What's the point?
Where is the dining car located?	Gdzie znajduje sie wagon restauracyjny?	Gdzhe know the carriage of the restaurates?

"Transport"

Russian language	Polish language	Pronunciation
Where is the nearest bus/tram/trolleybus stop?	Gdzie jest najblizszy przystanek autobusowy / tramwaju / trolejbusowy?	Gje eats the nearest bus/tram/trolleybus?
Where is the nearest subway station?	Gdzie jest najblizsza stacja metra?	Gje eats the nearest hundred meters?
What tram/bus/trolleybus can I take to...?	Jakim tramwajem / autobusem / trolejbusem moge dojechac do...?	Which tram/autobus/trolleybus can you use to get to...?
Where should I change trains?	Gdzie sie mam przesiasc?	Gje schen mam psheschonschch?
How often do the buses/trams run?	Jak czesto jezdza autobusy / tramwaje?	Yak chensto ezhdzhon buses/trams?
What time does the first/last bus leave?	O ktorej godzinie pierwszy / ostatni autobus?	About kturei gojine pervshi / ostatni bus?
Could you tell me when I need to leave?	Prosze powiedziec, kiedy wysiasc?	Proshe povedzhech sneakers vyschonschch?
What time does the bus leave to...?	O ktorej godzinie odchodzi autobus do...?	About kturei gojine odhoji bus to...?
Where can I get a bus to...?	Gdzie mozna pojechac autobusem do ...?	Is it possible to go by bus to...?

"City, orientation"

Russian language	Polish language	Pronunciation
Where is...?	Gdzie best...?	Gje eats...?
How many kilometers to...?	Jak wiele kilometrow do...?	How many kilometers is it to...?
How can I find this address?	Jak znalezc ten addresses?	How did you know the address?
Could you show me on the map where I am now?	Czy moze mi pan (i) pokazac na mapie, w ktorym miejscu teraz jestem?	What can you show on the map, in kturim meissu teraz estem?
How long does it take to get there by car/walk?	Jak dlugo trzeba czekac, aby osiagnac tam samochodem / pieszo?	How long will it take to check, if only at night there is a self-propelled vehicle / on foot?
Can you show on the map where this place is?	Mozna pokazac na mapie, gdzie to jest?	Can you show it on the map, where does it eat?
How to get to the city center?	Jak dostac sie do centrum miasta?	How to get a puppy to the center of the meat?
Are we going to... right?	Jedziemy do prawidlowego...?	Edzemy before the truth...?

"Hotel"

If you go on a trip on your own, without the services of a travel agency, then you will definitely need to book a hotel.

Russian language	Polish language	Pronunciation
Do you have a single/double room in the hotel?	Masz jedno / dwuosobowy pokoj w hotelu?	Mash edno / biosobovy buy in the hotel?
Do you have any available rooms?	Czy ma pan (i) jakies wolne pokoje?	Chy ma pan(i) yakesh volne rest?
I (don't) like this number.	Ten number do mnie (nie) podoba.	Ten number is (not) like me.
How much is the room with bath/breakfast/without breakfast/full board?	Ile jest pokoj z lazienka / sniadaniem / bez sniadania / pelne wyzywienie?	Ile eats pokuy with lazhenkom / shnyadan / without shnyadan / peune vyzhivene?
Is there a cheaper/better room?	Tam jest wiele taniej/lepiej?	Is there vele tanei/lepei there?
A hotel room has been reserved for me.	Mialem zarezerwowane dla pokoju hotelowego.	Meowem reserved for the peace of the hotel.
What floor is the room located on?	Na ktorym pietrze jest pokoj?	On kturym pentshe eats pokuy?
Is there air conditioning / TV / telephone / refrigerator in the room?	Why not klimatyzacja / telewizor / telefon / lodowka?	Why eat air conditioning / TV / telephone / ice blower?
When and where can you have breakfast?	Kiedy i gdzie mozna zjesc sniadanie?	Can you get sneakers and shoes?
What time is breakfast?	Ile sniadanie?	Ile shnyadane?
Do you have a buffet?	Czy masz szwedzki stol?	What kind of swedish chair is it?
Can I leave it in the safe?	Can you zostawic w sejfie?	Can you put it in the safe?
Where are the toilets located?	Gdzie best toaleta?	Does Gje eat toilet?
Could you please bring a blanket?	Can you przyniesc koc?	Can you pshineschch kots?
There is no soap/towel/hot water in my room.	W moim pokoju nie ma mydlo / reczniki / goracej wody.	In my peace there is no thought / ranchers / gorontsy water.
Switch/lights/radio/AC/fan/heating not working.	Nie dziala przelacznik / swiatlo / radio / klimatyzacji / wentylatora / telewizor / ogrzewania.	Not dzhyala pshelonchnik / shvyatlo / radio / climate control / fan / TV / ogzhevanya.
Wake me up... please.	Obudz mnie...prosze.	Tell me... asked.
I'll pay in cash.	Zaplace gotowka.	Zaplatsen gotuvkon.
I'll pay with a credit card.	Zaplace karta kredytowa.	Zaplatsen with a credit card.

"Bar, restaurant, cafe, shop"

And of course, in the Russian-Polish phrasebook you will need phrases in order to refresh yourself or buy something in a store.

Russian language	Polish language	Pronunciation
Could you recommend a good/inexpensive restaurant?	Czy moze pan (i) polecic dobry / tani restauracji?	Why can pan(s) treat good / tani restaurates?
What time does the restaurant open/close?	Restauracja na co otwiera / zamyka?	Restauratsya on the opening/lock?
Where is the nearest restaurant?	Gdzie jest najblizsza restauracja?	Does Gje eat the closest restaurant?
I would like to book a table for two/three/four.	Chcialbym zarezerwowac stolik dla dwoch / trzech / czterech.	Khchalbym reserve a table for two / tshekh / chtereh.
Do you have a table in the corner / outdoors / near the window / in a non-smoking room?	Czy macie stolik w rogu / na zewnatrz / w poblizu okien / w zakaz palenia?	Why mache table in the horn / on zevnontzh / in the closer window / in the order of the fire?
What do you recommend?	Co proponujemy?	Are they proponable?
Menu, please.	Poprosze menu.	Please ask for the menu.
Do you have a special menu for diabetics?	Czy macie specjalne menu dla diabetykow?	What is the special menu for Diabetykuv?
Do you have dishes for children?	Czy macie dania dla dzieci?	What is the tribute to mache for dzhechi?
There must be a mistake. I ordered)...	To musi byc pomylka. Zamowilem (a) ...	That's a damn mess. Zamovilem...
The check, please.	Prosze o rachunek.	Ask for rahunek.
We liked. Thank you.	Podobalo nam sie to. Dziekuje.	It was fitting for us to do that. Jenque.
Where is the nearest store?	Gdzie sie znajduje sklep?	Do you know the crypt?
Where can I buy...?	Gdzie moge kupic...?	Gje mogem cupich...?
Excuse me, do you have...?	Niestety, ma pan (i) ...?	Nyestats, ma pan(i) ...?
I would like to buy...	Chcialbym kupic...	Khchalbym buy...
Could you wrap this for me?	Czy moze pan dac mi zwrocic?	Chi mozhe pan dach mi zvruchich?
How much does it cost?	Ile to kosztuje?	Ile to koshtue?
Can I try this on?	Can you sprobowac?	Can we sprubovat?
Is there any other color?	What's the best inny color?	What does Inny Kohler eat?
Is there a smaller/larger size?	Czy sa rozmiar mniejszy / wiekszy?	What is the puppy of Rosmyar Mneishi / Venkshi?
I need half a kilo / a kilo / two kilos	Potrzebuje pol kilo / kilogram / dwa kilograma	Potshebuen pul kilö / kilogram / two kilograms

It will become indispensable for tourists. The phrasebook also contains phrases in Russian and Polish, as well as pronunciation of the necessary phrases.

Did you see an error in the text? Select it and press Ctrl+Enter. Thank you!

Russian-Polish phrasebook - a cheat sheet for tourists traveling around Poland. A short phrasebook with pronunciation includes words and phrases commonly used in speech, which may be useful for independent travelers to navigate in cities, communicate in hotels, restaurants and shops.

First of all, it’s worth noting and remembering polite phrases - using them will help you win over your interlocutor. Please note that you should address strangers in the third person (pan/pani).

If you are going to visit non-tourist canteens and restaurants where mainly locals dine, be prepared for the fact that the menu may be exclusively in Polish. In this case, not only a phrasebook, but also a wider list of main dishes with explanations in Russian will be very useful.

Some words in Polish may seem similar in their spelling and sound, but their meaning is not always predictable. For example, Polish pierogi are dumplings that can have a variety of fillings, and sklep is a regular store. There are quite a lot of similar cases, and a Polish phrasebook, supplemented by an offline dictionary, will help, if possible, avoid translation incidents.

The table below shows the original spelling of words and phrases, as well as approximate pronunciation - based on transcription.

Common phrases

Hello (good morning, good afternoon)	dzień dobry	J'en are kind
Good evening	dobry wieczor	good evening
Good night	dobranoc	dobranets
Hello	cześć	cheschch
Goodbye	do widzenia	until Wizen
Thank you	dziękuję / dziękuję bardzo	j"enkue / j"enkue barzo
Sorry	przepraszam	psheprasham
Bon appetit	smacznego	delicious
Yes	so	So
No	nie	Not

Transport

Station	stacja	statsya
Stop	przystanek	Przystanek
Train Station	dworzec kolejowy	king of the rut
Airport	lotnisko	letnisko
Bus station	dworzec autobusowy	the bus man
Transfer	przesiadka	pshesadka
Luggage storage	przechowalnia bagażu	pshechovalnya luggage
Hand luggage	bagaż podręczny	luggage
Arrival	przybycie	Przybycze
Departure	clothing	dressier
Cash register	kasa	casa
Ticket	ticket	ticket
Can you call a taxi?	Czy moze pan(i) przywolac takso’wke?	Chshi mozhe pan(i) pshivolach taksufke?

At the hotel

In a restaurant, canteen, store

Soup	zupa	Zupa
Snack	przystawka	pshishtavka
Hot dish	Danie Gorące	Dana Gorontse
Garnish	dodatki	extras
Beverages	napoje	drunk
Tea	herbata	herbata
Coffee	kawa	kava
Meat	mięso	menso
Beef	wolowina	whoa
Pork	wieprzowina	Wepszowina
Chicken	kurczak	kurchak
Fish	ryba	fish
Vegetables	warzywa	vazhiva
Potato	ziemniaki	dugouts
The check, please	Prosze o rachunek	Ask about rahunek
Shop	sklep	crypt
Market	rynek	market
Dining room	jadalnia	food shop
What is the price...?	Ile kosztuje...?	Ile Kostue...?

Months

Days of the week

Numbers

0	zero	zero
1	jeden	eaten
2	dwa	two
3	trzy	tshi
4	cztery	chters
5	pięć	pench
6	sześć	sheschch
7	siedem	we are generous
8	osiem	generally
9	dziewięć	j"wench
10	dzesięć	j "yeschench
100	sto	one hundred
1000	tysiąc	thousand

Polish is one of the Slavic languages, so speakers of Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian languages ​​will find it quite easy to master it. Some words are very similar, the syntax and other grammatical structures are similar.

So, the very first thing you need to know is how many letters are in the Polish alphabet? 32 letters.

At the same time, the Poles have a Latin alphabet, but with the addition of special letters denoting sounds characteristic of Polish speech that are absent in other languages ​​that use the Latin alphabet.

Note, the letters Q, V and X are missing from the alphabet, but they can occur in words of foreign (non-Polish) origin, especially in proper names.

Letter	Pronunciation of letters (audio)	Example	Pronunciation of the word (audio)
A a		pr a c a
		Job
Ą ą		m ą ż
[ɔ/ou]		husband
B b		nie b o
		sky
C c		With O
[ʦ/ts]		What
Ć ć		by ć
[ʨ/whose]		be
D d		d aleko
		far
E e		t eż
[ɛ/e]		too, also
Ę ę		imi ę
[ε/eu]		Name
F f		f ilm
		movie
G g		g ość
		guest
H h		h erbata
		tea
I i		iść
		go
J j		j echać
		drive
K k		k awa
		coffee
L l		l ubić
		be in love
Ł ł		mi ł y
		Cute
Mm		m ost
		bridge
Nn		ra n o
		morning
Ń ń		ta ń czyć
[ɲ/н]		dance
O o		o kn o
[ɔ/o]		window
Ó ó		m ó c
		be able
P p		p rzerwa
		break
R r		r obić
		do
Ss		s yn
		son
Ś ś		ś roda
[ɕ/ш]		Wednesday
T t		t eraz
		Now
U u		sz u kać
		search
W w		w olny
		free
Y y		cz y
[ɨ/s]		whether
Z z		z amek
		lock
Ź ź		je ź dzić
[ʒ/w]		ride
Ż ż		ż ona
[ʑ/zh]		wife

How to learn?

To learn the Polish alphabet you need to know how its letters and combinations are read. We'll talk about this further.

Pronunciation of letter combinations

In addition to those mentioned above, in the Polish language there are combinations of letters pronounced as one sound:

Pronunciation of vowels

Polish vowels are in many ways similar to Russian vowels in pronunciation, but there are some differences.

Letters a, e, y, u, j

The sound of the letter " A"is fully consistent with Russian. For example, Polish k a w a(Russian coffee) is pronounced [ kava].

« E“sounds like the Russian “E”: zamek (Russian castle) – [ zamek].

« U"corresponds to the Russian "Y": rybny (Russian fish) - [ fishy], stary (Russian old) - [ old].

Polish " U"is completely similar to the Russian "U": kurtka (Russian jacket) - [ jacket].

In combination with the preceding “i”, the pronunciation may change slightly - see below for more on this.

« J" is often called a semivowel. It fully corresponds to the Russian “Y”: jasny (Russian clear) - [ clear].

How to read the letter "i"?

Letter " i"in most cases coincides with the Russian "and": minister (Russian minister) - [ minister], malina (Russian raspberry) - [ raspberries].

However, in a number of combinations the sound " i" is not pronounced at all, but is an indication that the previous consonant is being softened. These combinations include "ia", "ie", "iu" and "io".

Examples:

• miasto (city) - [ meaty];
• piosenka (song) - [ little dog];
• tiul (tulle) - [ tulle];
• bieg (running) - [ beck];
• wiek (century) - [ century].

In words of foreign origin, these combinations can form the sounds “yo”, “ye”, “ya”, “yu”. Examples: historia (Russian history) - [ histor'ya], armya (Russian army) - [ arm'ya].

Vowels o, ó

« ABOUT- corresponds to the Russian “O”, but is always pronounced in this form, without turning into “A”.

One of the most common mistakes made by native speakers of the Russian language, especially from its central and southern regions of distribution, is the habit of “swearing” Polish words - this is a mistake! For example, the word pogoda (Russian weather) Always pronounced like [ weather] And never How [ pagoda], and robotnik (Russian worker) always sounds like [ botnik], and the form [ worker] is incorrect.

Somewhat more difficult with the vowel " Ó " It is pronounced like the Russian “U”, but is often used in words similar to their Russian counterparts, but with the letter “O”. For example, góra (Russian mountain) - [ gura], wódka (Russian vodka) - [ branch].

Besides, " Ó " often turns into a regular "O" when the form of the word changes (declension, changes in numbers, etc.): ogród (Russian garden) - [ ógrut], but ogrody (Russian gardens) - [ fences], mój (Russian my) - [ muy], but mojego (Russian: mine) - [ my].

"Nasal" ę, ą

These vowels, due to the specifics of their pronunciation, are called nasal. They sound like ę – [en], ą – [He]. The “N” sound at the end is pronounced with a slight nasal sound. For ease of transcription, we agree to write these letters/sounds in the following pronunciation: ę – [en], ą – [He]: język (Russian language) - [ language], zakąska (Russian snack) - [ legal].

There are a number of exceptions:

• Letter ę at the end of the word it is pronounced like the letter “e”: imię (Russian name) - [ um'ye].
• Before the letters c, d, t and combinations dz, dź, cz ę sounds like a full-fledged [ en], A ą How [ He] without any nasal sounds: mętny (Russian muddy) - [ mentny], mądry (Russian wise) - [ mondra].
• Before ć and the combination dż – “n” in both sounds is softened: ę — [en], ą [ he].
• Before the letters b and p, the nasal sound is retained, but turns into “M”, i.e. ę – [Em], ą – [ohm]: zęby (Russian teeth) - [ zemba], dąb (Russian oak) - [ domp].
• Before l and ł, both letters lose their nasal sound, retaining only sounds ę – [uh], ą – [O]: zginął (Russian he died) - [ zginov], zginęła (Russian she died) - [ zgineva].

Pronunciation of consonants

Pronouncing Polish consonants is not difficult. They are very similar to Russians:

• Voiced consonants at the end of a word are also deafened: Bug (Russian Bug River) – [ beech].
• Voiced consonants that come before deaf ones also sound dull: budka (Russian booth) – [ bottle].

It should be remembered, What " G" is always pronounced as a hard Russian "G" - it never softens and does not transform into other sounds: dobrego (Russian gender case - good) - [ good]. Forms [ good] or [ good] are unacceptable!

Letters H And CH- these are different spellings of the same sound, equal to the Russian “X”.

Accent

The easiest way to deal with accents is - in the vast majority of cases the penultimate syllable is stressed.

Exceptions to this rule are so rare that they are not found in all dictionaries.

Words ending in –ski, -cki and –dzki

Words with endings –ski, -cki and –dzki deserve special attention. Most often they are found in the names of geographical objects. They are pronounced (in Polish) in accordance with the rules described above, but in Russian they have analogues:

• Adjectives in – ski, —cki are transmitted in the corresponding number and gender of the Russian form: Puszcza Notecka [ Notecka Forest] – Note Tskaya Pushcha
• In case of suffix – sk- the consonant sound present in the noun from which the adjective is derived is restored: Kaliski [ calisques] comes from Kalisz [ Kalish] - Russian form of Kali w skiy.
• In words to - dzki endings are conveyed as " -dsky", if the stem noun had a final letter "d", and " -dzskiy" - if the word ended in "dz": Grudziądzki (stem noun Grudzią dz), meaning the Russian form of Grudzen dzsky, but Starogradzki (base word Starogra d) - Starogra dskiy.

Having learned the basic rules of pronunciation, all that remains is to expand your vocabulary and you can feel more comfortable on the streets of Poland, and you can fill out or check the necessary documents yourself, which will help you avoid mistakes or deception.

Common phrases
	Dziekuje, dzieki	Jenkue, Jenki
Please
Sorry		Przeprasjam
Hello		Dzien’ are kind
Goodbye		Before vision
I don't understand		We don't understand
What is your name?	Jak masz na imie?	What's the big deal?
		Kind, ok
where is the toilet?	Gdzie są toalety	Where are the dream toilets?
How much does it cost?	Ile to kosztuje?	Ile to koshtue?
One ticket to...		There is a ticket to...
What time is it now?		Who's godzina?
No smoking		Order a panel
Do you speak English?	Czy mowi pan po angielsku	Ji movie pan in angelic style?
Where is…?		Where is he eating...?
I'm from Russia		Gesture from Russia
Hotel
I need to order a room	Potrzebuję do rezerwy	Potshebuen to reserves
I want to pay the bill	Chcę zapłacić rachunek	Htsen zaplatits rahunek
Room, number
Shop (shopping)
Cash		Gotowkon
Credit card	Dla bezgotówkowych	For unprepared
To wrap up		Packed
No change
		Closed, te
Very expensive		Barzo droge
Transport
Trolleybus		Trolleybuses
Stop		Zatshimats
Please make a stop	Proszę przestać	Asked for pshestast
Arrival	Przyjazd	Przyzyazd
Departure
Airport		Letnisko
Emergency cases
help me		Help me
Fire Department		Fire guard
Ambulance		Having prepared
Hospital
	Boleśnie
Restaurant
I want to book a table	Chcę zarezerwować stolik	Hprice reserve a table
Check please (bill)	Prosze o rachunek	Ask about rahunek

Language of Poland

The official language in Poland is Polish. In some parts of Russia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan, Polish is also used as a second language. This phenomenon is caused by border changes, migrations and relocations. The total number of Polish speakers around the world is about 50 million.

Polish belongs to the West Slavic group of Indo-European languages, along with Czech and Slovak. The Polish language has developed so much that texts written in the Middle Ages are not understandable to Poles and require a dictionary to read them. Like other Indo-European languages, Polish has Latin grammar and vocabulary.

Poland has a number of dialects that differ from standard Polish, but the differences between them are not significant and mostly relate to regional pronunciations and word variations. The most distinct dialects are Silesia and Podhale (highlander dialect).

The Polish alphabet is based on the Latin one, using numerous di-, tri- and tetragraphs. The official language of Poland consists of 32 letters.

Many words have been borrowed from German, French and English, and there are many words that may be spelled and pronounced the same but have a completely different meaning.