INTERSTATE STANDARD

UNIFIED SYSTEM OF TECHNOLOGICAL DOCUMENTATION

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS OF MAIN
CONCEPTS

Edition (February 2012) with Change No. 1, approved in May 1984 (IUS 8-84), Amendment (IUS 6-91)

By Decree of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated July 30, 1982 No. 2988, the introduction date was set

01.01.83

The terms established by the standard are mandatory for use in all types of documentation, scientific, technical, educational and reference literature.

Terms and definitions of technological processes and operations used in individual industries are established in industry standards in accordance with this standard.

There is one standardized term for each concept. The use of synonymous terms of a standardized term is prohibited. Synonyms that are unacceptable for use are given in the standard as a reference and are designated “NDP”.

For individual standardized terms, the standard provides short forms for reference, which are allowed to be used in cases that exclude the possibility of their different interpretation.

Established definitions can, if necessary, be changed in the form of presentation, without violating the boundaries of concepts.

The standard provides foreign equivalents for a number of standardized terms in German (D), English (E) and French (F) as reference.

The standard provides alphabetical indexes of the terms it contains in Russian and their foreign equivalents.

The standard contains an annex containing terms characterizing the production process.

Standardized terms are in bold, their short forms are in light, and invalid synonyms are in italics.

GENERAL CONCEPTS

1. Technological process

D. Technologischer Prozeß

Fertigungsablauf

E. Manufacturing process

F. Precédé de fabrication

Part of the production process containing targeted actions to change and (or) determine the state of the subject of labor.

Notes:

1. The technological process can be related to the product, its component or to methods of processing, shaping and assembly.

2. Objects of labor include blanks and products.

2. Technological operation

Operation

D.Operation; Arbeitsgang

A completed part of a technological process performed at one workplace

3. Technological method

A set of rules that determine the sequence and content of actions when performing shaping, processing or assembly, movement, including technical control, testing in the technological process of manufacturing or repair, established without regard to the name, standard size or design of the product

4. Technological base

D. Technologische Basis

A surface, combination of surfaces, axis, or point used to determine the position of an object of labor during the manufacturing process.

Note. A surface, a combination of surfaces, an axis or a point belongs to the object of labor.

5. Surface to be processed

D. Zu bearbeitende Flache

The surface to be exposed during the treatment process.

6. Technological document

Document

D. Technologisches Document

A graphic or text document that, alone or in combination with other documents, defines the technological process or operation of manufacturing a product

7. Preparation of a technological document

Document preparation

A set of procedures necessary for the preparation and approval of a technological document in accordance with the procedure established at the enterprise.

Note. Preparation of a document includes its signing, approval, etc.

TECHNOLOGICAL DOCUMENTATION

Completeness of technological documents
8. Set of technological process (operation) documents Set of process (operation) documents	A set of technological documents necessary and sufficient to perform a technological process (operation)
9. Set of technological documentation Documentation set	A set of sets of technological process documents and individual documents necessary and sufficient to carry out technological processes in the manufacture and repair of a product or its components
10. Set of design technological documentation Set of project documentation	A set of technological documentation intended for use in the design or reconstruction of an enterprise
11. Standard set of technological process (operation) documents Standard set of process (operation) documents	A set of technological documents established in accordance with the requirements of the standards of the state standardization system
Level of detail in the description of technological processes
12. Route description of the technological process Route description of the process NDP. Route summary	An abbreviated description of all technological operations in the route map in the sequence of their execution without indicating transitions and technological modes
13. Operational description of the technological process Operational description of the process NDP. Operational Statement	A complete description of all technological operations in the sequence of their execution, indicating transitions and technological modes
14. Route and operational description of the technological process Route and operational description of the process NDP. Route and operational presentation	An abbreviated description of technological operations in the route map in the sequence of their execution with a full description of individual operations in other technological documents

TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND OPERATIONS

Organization of production
15. Single technological process Unit process NDP. Special technological process	The technological process of manufacturing or repairing a product of the same name, standard size and design, regardless of the type of production
16. Typical technological process Typical process D. Technologichere	The technological process of manufacturing a group of products with common design and technological features
17. Group technological process Group process D. Technologischer	The technological process of manufacturing a group of products with different design, but common technological features
18. Typical technological operation Typical operation D. Typenarbeitsgang	A technological operation characterized by the unity of content and sequence of technological transitions for a group of products with common design and technological features
19. Group technological operation Group operation D.Gruppenarbeitsgang	Technological operation of joint production of a group of products with different design, but common technological features
Methods of processing, shaping, assembly and control
20. Shaping E. Primary forming F.Formage initial	Manufacturing a workpiece or product from liquid, powder or fiber materials
21. Casting NDP. Casting	Manufacturing a workpiece or product from a liquid material by filling it with a cavity of given shapes and sizes, followed by hardening
22. Molding	Shaping from a powder or fiber material by filling it into a cavity of specified shapes and sizes, followed by compression
23. Sintering
24. Treatment	An action aimed at changing the properties of an object of labor when performing a technological process
25. Draft treatment	Processing, as a result of which the main part of the allowance is removed
26. Finishing treatment	Processing, as a result of which the specified dimensional accuracy and roughness of the processed surfaces are achieved
27. Mechanical treatment	Pressure or cutting processing
28. Uncover material	Dividing material into separate pieces
29. Treatment pressure	Processing involving plastic deformation or separation of a material. Note. The material is separated by pressure without the formation of chips
30. Forging
31. Stamping
32. Superficial plastic deformation
33. Treatment cutting F. Usage par enlevément de matiere	Processing consisting of the formation of new surfaces by separating the surface layers of the material to form chips. Note. The formation of surfaces is accompanied by deformation and destruction of the surface layers of the material.
34. Thermal treatment Heat treatment D. Thermische Behandlung E. Heat treatent F. Traitement thermique	Processing, which consists in changing the structure and properties of the workpiece material due to thermal influences
35. Electrophysical treatment D. Elektrophysiches Abtragen E.Electrophysical machining F.Using electrophysique	Processing consisting of changing the shape, size and (or) surface roughness of a workpiece using electrical discharges, magnetostriction effect, electronic or optical radiation, plasma jet
36. Electrochemical treatment D. Elektrochemisches Abtragen E. Electrochemical machining F.Usinage électrochimique	Processing that involves changing the shape, size and (or) surface roughness of a workpiece due to the dissolution of its material in an electrolyte under the influence of an electric current
37. Electrotype D.Galvanoplastik E. Galvanoplastics F.Galvanoplastic	Shaping from a liquid material by deposition of metal from a solution under the influence of an electric current
38. Locksmith treatment	Processing carried out with hand tools or hand-operated machines
39. Assembly	Formation of connections between product components. Notes: 1. An example of assembly types is riveting, welding of workpieces, etc. 2. The connection can be detachable or permanent
40. Installation
41. Welding
42. Riveting	Formation of permanent connections using rivets
43. Soldering	* Lost force in the territory of the Russian Federation in terms of paragraphs. 5, 7, 14 - 16, 18, 26, 29, 30, 32 - 35, 39, 40, 54, 59 - 64, 66, 69, 71, 73 - 75, 84, 85, 97, 100, from 01.07 .2010 use GOST R ISO 857-2-2009.
44. Gluing	Formation of permanent joints using glue
45. Application coatings	Processing consisting of the formation of a surface layer of foreign material on the workpiece. Note. Examples of coating applications include painting, anodizing, oxidizing, plating, etc.
46. Technical control Control
47. Process control Process control (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).	Monitoring modes, characteristics, process parameters
48.Marking
49.Packaging
50.Conservation
51. Depreservation (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

ELEMENTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL OPERATIONS

52. Technological transition E. Manufacturing step F. Phase de travail	A completed part of a technological operation, performed by the same means of technological equipment under constant technological conditions and installation
53. Auxiliary transition E. Auxiliary step	A completed part of a technological operation, consisting of human and (or) equipment actions that are not accompanied by a change in the properties of objects of labor, but are necessary to complete a technological transition. Note. Examples of auxiliary transitions are workpiece clamping, tool changing, etc.
54. Installation	Part of the technological operation performed with constant fastening of the workpieces being processed or the assembly unit being assembled
55. Position	A fixed position occupied by a permanently fixed workpiece or assembled assembly unit together with a device relative to a tool or stationary piece of equipment when performing a certain part of the operation
56. Basing
57. Consolidation D. Befestigen (Einspannen)	Application of forces and pairs of forces to the object of labor to ensure the constancy of its position achieved during basing
58. Worker move D. Fertigungsgang E. Manufacturing pass F. Passe de fabrication	The completed part of a technological transition, consisting of a single movement of the tool relative to the workpiece, accompanied by a change in the shape, size, surface quality and properties of the workpiece
59. Auxiliary move E. Auxiliary pass F. Passe auxiliaire	The completed part of a technological transition, consisting of a single movement of the tool relative to the workpiece, necessary to prepare the working stroke
60. Reception	A complete set of human actions used when performing a transition or part of it and united by one purpose
61. Setup	Preparation of technological equipment and technological equipment for performing a technological operation. Note. Adjustments include installing the fixture, switching the speed or feed, setting the set temperature, etc.
62. Adjustment	Additional adjustment of technological equipment and (or) technological equipment when performing a technological operation to restore the parameter values achieved during adjustment

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS (OPERATION)

63. Cycle technological operation Operation cycle D. Operationszyklus E. Operation cycle F. Sycle d'opération	The calendar time interval from the beginning to the end of a periodically repeating technological operation, regardless of the number of simultaneously manufactured or repaired products
64. Tact release E. Production time F. Tempe de production	The time interval through which products or blanks of certain names, standard sizes and designs are periodically produced
65. Rhythm release E. Production rate F. Cadence de production	The number of products or blanks of certain names, standard sizes and designs produced per unit of time
66. Technological mode	A set of values of technological process parameters in a certain time interval. Note. Process parameters include: cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, heating or cooling temperature, etc.
67. Allowance	A layer of material removed from the surface of the workpiece in order to achieve the specified properties of the processed surface. Note. The properties of the workpiece being processed or its surface include size, shape, hardness, roughness, etc.
68.Operational allowance	Allowance removed during one technological operation
69.Intermediate allowance	Allowance removed when performing one technological transition
70.Stock tolerance	The difference between the largest and smallest values of the allowance size
71. Preparatory-final time D. Vorbereitungs-und Abschlußzeit	The time interval spent on preparing the performer or performers and technological equipment for performing a technological operation and putting the latter in order after the end of the shift and (or) performing this operation for a batch of objects of labor
72. Piece time E. Time per piece	A time interval equal to the ratio of the cycle of a technological operation to the number of simultaneously manufactured or repaired products or equal to the calendar time of an assembly operation
73. Basics time E.Direct manufacture time	Part of the piece time spent on changing and (or) subsequent determination of the state of the subject of labor
74. Auxiliary time E. Auxiliary time	Part of the piece time spent on performing the techniques necessary to ensure a change and subsequent determination of the state of the subject of work.
75. Operational time D. Operative zeit E.Base cycle time	Part of piece time equal to the sum of main and auxiliary time
76. Time service worker m e hundred E. Time for machine servicing	Part of the piece time spent by the contractor on maintaining technological equipment in working condition and caring for them and the workplace
77. Time for personal needs D. Zeit für naturliche Bedürfniße E. Time for personal needs	Part of the piece time spent by a person on personal needs and, in case of tedious work, on additional rest
78. Coefficient piece time	The ratio of the time spent on the direct execution by one or more multi-machine workers of a technological operation at the workplace in question to the sum of the same costs for all technological operations performed during multi-machine maintenance

TECHNOLOGICAL STANDARDS

79.Technologicalnorm	Regulated value of the technological process indicator
80.Technologicalrationing	Establishment of technically sound standards for the consumption of production resources. Note. Production resources include energy, raw materials, materials, tools, working time, etc.
81. Norm time E.Standard piece time	Regulated time for performing a certain amount of work in certain production conditions by one or more performers of appropriate qualifications
82. Norm preparatory and final time	The standard time for preparing workers and means of production to perform a technological operation and bringing them to their original state after its completion
83. Norm piece time	Standard time for performing a volume of work equal to a standardization unit when performing a technological operation
84. Norm operational time	The time standard for performing a technological operation, which is an integral part of the piece time standard and consists of the sum of the main time standards and the auxiliary time that is not covered by it
85. Norm main time	The standard time to achieve the immediate goal of a given technological operation or transition to a qualitative and (or) quantitative change in the subject of labor
86. Norm auxiliary time	The standard time for carrying out actions that create the opportunity to perform the main work that is the goal of a technological operation or transition
87. Unit rationing	The number of production facilities or the number of employees for which a technical standard is established. Note. The technical standard is understood as the number of parts for which the time standard is set; the number of products for which the material consumption rate is established; the number of workers for which the production rate is set, etc.
88. Norm production E. Standard production rate	A regulated amount of work that must be performed per unit of time under certain organizational and technical conditions by one or more performers of appropriate qualifications
89. Price	The amount of remuneration to an employee per unit of work performed
90. Tariff net	A scale that determines the relationship between wages per unit of time and labor qualifications, taking into account the type of work and the conditions for its performance
91. Discharge work	Indicator characterizing labor qualifications

TOOLS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS

92. Facilities technological equipment

Equipment

D. Technologische Ausrüstung

The set of production tools necessary to carry out the technological process

93. Technological equipment

Equipment

D. Fertigungsmaschinen

E. Manufacturing equipment

F. Equipment de fabrication

Technological equipment in which materials or workpieces, means of influencing them, as well as technological equipment are placed to perform a certain part of the technological process.

Note. Examples of process equipment are foundry machines, presses, machine tools, furnaces, galvanic baths, test benches, etc.

94. Technological equipment

Snaps

E. Tooling

Technological equipment that complements technological equipment to perform a certain part of the technological process.

Note. Examples of manufacturing equipment are cutting tools, dies, fixtures, gauges, molds, models, casting molds, core boxes, etc.

95. Device

Technological equipment intended for installation or direction of a work item or tool when performing a technological operation

96. Tool

Technological equipment designed to influence the object of labor in order to change its condition.

Note. The condition of the object of labor is determined using a measure and (or) measuring device

SUBJECTS OF LABOR

97. Material	The initial item of labor consumed to produce a product
98. Basic material D. Grund material E.Basic material F. Matière premier	Material of the original workpiece. Note. The base material refers to the material whose mass is included in the mass of the product during the technological process, for example, the material of the welding electrode, solder, etc.
99. Auxiliary material D. Hilfsmaterial E. Auxiliary material F. Matière auxiliaire	Material consumed during a technological process in addition to the main material. Note. Auxiliary materials can be those consumed during coating, impregnation, welding (for example, argon), soldering (for example, rosin), hardening, etc.
100. Semifinished E. Semi-finished product	An object of labor subject to further processing at the consumer enterprise
101. Blank	An object of labor from which a part is made by changing the shape, size, surface properties and (or) material
102. Original workpiece D.Anfangs-Rohteil E. Primary blank F. Ebauche premier	Preparation before the first technological operation
103. Sheet stamped product	Part or workpiece made by sheet stamping

104. Casting	Product or workpiece obtained by casting technology
105. Forging D. Schmiedestück	A product or workpiece obtained by technological methods of forging, die forging or rolling. Notes: 1. Forged forging - a forging produced by the forging process. 2. Stamped forging - a forging produced by the technological method of volumetric stamping. 3. Rolled forging - a forging produced by the technological method of rolling from long products.

106. Product	* GOST R 50779.10-2000, GOST R 50779.11-2000 are in force on the territory of the Russian Federation.
107. Accessories product	A product of the supplier company, used as an integral part of the product produced by the manufacturer. Note. The components of a product can be parts and assembly units
108. Typical product D. Typenwerkstück E. Typified workpiece	A product belonging to a group of products of a similar design, which has the largest number of design and technological features of this group
109. Assembly set F. Jeu de montage	A group of product components that must be brought to the workplace to assemble the product or its component

ALPHABETIC INDEX OF TERMS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Technological base
Basing
Preparatory and final time
Time is piecemeal
Basic time
Auxiliary time
Operational time
Workplace service time
Time for personal needs
Electrotype
Surface plastic deformation
Document
Technological document
Stock tolerance
Standardization unit
Blank
Initial blank
Consolidation
Product
Product component
Sheet stamped product
Standard product
Route presentation
Outline of route and operational
Operational presentation
Tool


Documentation set
Set of technological process (operation) documents
Set of process (operation) documents
Standard set of technological process (operation) documents
Standard set of process (operation) documents
Set of project documentation
Set of technological documentation
Set of design technological documentation
Assembly kit
Conservation
Control
Process control
Technical control
Process control
Piece time coefficient
Casting
Marking
Material
Main material
Auxiliary material

Technological method
Installation
Setup
Coating
Technological norm
Technical standardization
Standard time
Auxiliary time norm
Production rate
Basic time norm
Operating time norm
Norm of preparatory and final time
Standard piece time
Equipment
Technological equipment
Treatment
Rough processing
Finishing processing
Mechanical processing
Pressure treatment
Machining
Metalworking processing
Thermal treatment
Electrophysical processing
Electrochemical processing
Operation
Group operation
Technological operation
Typical technological operation
Technological group operation
Typical operation
Route description of the process
Description of the route-operational process
Operational process description
Description of the technological process route
Operational description of the technological process
Description of the technological process, route and operational
Equipment
Technological equipment
Casting
Casting
Document preparation
Preparation of a technological document
Soldering

Technological transition
Transition auxiliary
Surface processed
Position
Adjustment
Forging
Semifinished
Reception
Allowance
Operating allowance
Intermediate allowance
Device

Group process
Single process
Technological process
Single technological process
Special technological process
Standard technological process
Technological group process
Typical process
Job category
Depreservation
Cutting the material
Price

Technological mode


Rhythm of release
Assembly
Welding
Tariff grid
Gluing
Sintering
Equipment
Technological equipment

Release stroke
Heat treatment
Packaging
Installation
Shaping
Molding
Auxiliary stroke
Working progress
Operation cycle
Process cycle
Stamping

IN GERMAN







Befestigen (Einspannen)


Elektrochemisches Abtragen
Elektrophysiches Abtragen

Fertigungsmaschinen







Gruppenarbeitsgang










Operation; Arbeitsgang
Operationszyklus








Technologischer Prozeß, Fertigungsablauf
Technologische Basis
Technologisches Document
Technologischer Typenprozeß
Technologischer Gruppenprozeß
Thermische Behandlung
Technologische Ausrüstung
Typenarbeitsgang




Vorbereitungs- und Abschlußzeit



Zeit für naturliche Bedürfniße
Zu bearbeitende Fläche

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF EQUIVALENT TERMS
IN ENGLISH



Auxiliary material








Direct manufacture time
Electrochemical machining
Electrophysical machining






Manufacturing equipment
Manufacturing pass
Manufacturing process
Manufacturing step









Semi-finished product


Standard piece time
Standard production rate

Time for machine servicing
Time for personal needs



Typified workpiece

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF EQUIVALENT TERMS
IN FRENCH



Cadence de production

Cycle d'opération


Ebauche premier
Equipment de fabrication





Mathiere auxiliaire
Matiére premier


Passe auxiliaire
Passe de fabrication
Phase de travail


Precéde de fabrication



Tempe de production
Traitement thermal

Usage électrochimique
Use of electrophysique
Usage par enlevément de matiere

TERMS CHARACTERIZING THE PRODUCTION PROCESS

GOST 3.1109-82

Group T53

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Unified system of technological documentation TERMS AND DEFINITIONS OF BASIC CONCEPTS

Unified system for technological documentation. Terms and definitions of main concepts

MKS 01.040.01 01.110

Date of introduction 1983-01-01

By Decree of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated July 30, 1982 N 2988, the introduction date was set at 01/01/83

INSTEAD GOST 3.1109-73

EDITION (February 2012) with Change No. 1, approved in May 1984 (IUS 8-84), Amendment (IUS 6-91)

The terms established by the standard are mandatory for use in all types of documentation, scientific, technical, educational and reference literature.

Terms and definitions of technological processes and operations used in individual industries are established in industry standards in accordance with this standard.

There is one standardized term for each concept. The use of terms that are synonyms of a standardized term is prohibited. Synonyms that are unacceptable for use are given in the standard as a reference and are designated “NDP”.

For individual standardized terms, the standard provides short forms for reference, which are allowed to be used in cases that exclude the possibility of their different interpretation.

Established definitions can, if necessary, be changed in the form of presentation, without violating the boundaries of concepts.

IN The standard provides foreign equivalents for a number of standardized terms in German (D), English (E) and French (F) as reference.

IN The standard provides alphabetical indexes of the terms it contains in Russian and their foreign equivalents.

IN The standard contains an annex containing terms characterizing the production process.

Standardized terms are in bold, their short forms are in light, and invalid synonyms are in italics.

GENERAL CONCEPTS

1. Technological process			Part of the production process,

			by change and (or) determination
D. Technologischer			state of the subject of labor.
D. Technologischer			Notes:
			Notes:
Fertigungsablauf			1. The technological process can be
			referred to the product, its component
E. Manufacturing process			or to processing methods,
			shaping and assembly.
			2. Objects of labor include workpieces
			2. Objects of labor include workpieces
			and products.

2. Technological		Completed part of the technological
operation		process performed on one worker

Operation
D.Operation; Arbeitsgang

3. Technological method A set of rules that determine the sequence and content

Method of action when performing shaping, processing or assembly, movement, including technical control, testing in the technological process of manufacturing or repair, established without regard to the name, standard size or design of the product

4. Technological base A surface, combination of surfaces, axis, or point used to define

D. Technologische Basis of the position of the object of labor in the manufacturing process.

Note. A surface, a combination of surfaces, an axis or a point belongs to the object of labor.

6 . Technological Graphic or text document,

	Decor	A set of procedures necessary for
technological document		preparation and approval
		technological document in
Document preparation		in accordance with the procedure established
		at the enterprise.
		Note. To prepare the document
		includes its signing, approval and

TECHNOLOGICAL DOCUMENTATION

Completeness of technological documents

8. Set of documents		Set of technological
technological process
(operations)		to perform technological
Set of process documents		process (operation)
Set of process documents
(operations)
9. Technological kit		A set of documents


documentation		technological processes and individual
		documents necessary and sufficient
Documentation set		to perform technological
Documentation set		processes in manufacturing and repair
		product or its components
10. Design kit		A set of technological documentation,


technological		intended for use with
documentation		design or reconstruction
		enterprises
Set	design
documentation
11. Standard kit		A set of technological documents,


documents		established in accordance with
technological process		requirements of standards
(operations)		state standardization system
Standard	set
documents	process
(operations)

Level of detail in the description of technological processes

13. Operational Description Full description of all technological technological process operations in their sequence

execution indicating transitions and

technological modes

Operational description of the process

NDP. Operational Statement

14. Route and operational		Brief description of technological
description of technological		operations in the route map in
process		the sequence of their execution with
		a complete description of individual operations in
Route and operational		other technological documents
Route and operational
process description
NDP. Route-
operational statement

TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND OPERATIONS

Organization of production

15. Single		Manufacturing process or
technological process		repair of a product of one name,
		standard size and design, regardless of
Unit process		type of production
NDP. Special
technological process

Methods of processing, shaping, assembly and control

26. Finishing		Processing resulting in
		the specified dimensional accuracy is achieved
		and roughness of the processed
		surfaces

27. Mechanical restoration Pressure or cutting processing

30. Forging		According to GOST 18970-84

33. Cutting		Processing consisting of education
		new surfaces by separation
		surface layers of material with
		chip formation.
		Note. Surface formation
		Note. Surface formation
		accompanied by deformation and
		destruction of surface layers
		material.

34. Heat treatment
		structure and properties of the workpiece material
Heat treatment		due to thermal effects
D. Thermische Behandlung
E. Heat treatent
F. Traitement thermique
35. Electrophysical		Processing involving change


treatment
		workpiece surface using
D. Elektrophysiches Abtragen		electrical discharges,
		magnetostriction effect,
E. Electrophysical machining		electronic or optical radiation,
		plasma jet

36. Electrochemical		Processing involving change


treatment		shape, size and (or) roughness
		workpiece surface due to
D. Elektrochemisches Abtragen		dissolving its material in an electrolyte
E. Electrochemical machining		under the influence of electric current
E. Electrochemical machining

GOST 3.1109-82