What does it mean for sentences connected by a subordinating connection? I had a dream (what kind?) that I was sleeping soundly, that I had died and was immersed in dreams

As noted above, a subordinating relationship is usually understood as an asymmetrical relationship between the parts of a complex sentence, when one sentence depends on the other and is an integral part of it. The first clause is usually called the main clause, the second - the subordinating clause.

Parts of a complex sentence with a subordinating connection can be connected in both a conjunction and a non-conjunction way.

In the case when parts of a complex sentence are connected in a non-union way, inversion is usually used, which indicates the subordination of one sentence to another.

In the conjunction method of connecting parts of a complex sentence, the following connecting links are used:

Conjunctions can consist of one word (that, because, though, etc.), of several (in order that, providing that, for al that, so far as, etc.) or be paired (as.. .as, such...as, etc.). Some conjunctions can be used in combination with particles (even if, even though, even when, just as, etc.)

IN English language There are several types of subordinating connections. These include the following: subject, predicative, additional, adverbial (time, place and direction, reasons, goals, conditions, concessions, consequences, comparisons), attributive, appositive. Let's give examples.

1. Subject clauses

For example:

That you may meet him at he party is quite possible.

What I need now is someone to do the job.

2. Predicative clauses

For example:

His only desire was that his family shouldn't interefere with his plans.

The question was why no one had heard the shot.

3. Object clauses

For example:

I thought (that) they were joking

We were sorry (that) we had missed Father by a few minutes.

• 4. Adverbial clauses
• a) time (of time)

For example:

When they reached the village, Jane got out of the taxi and looked about her

b) place and direction

For example:

They stopped where the road turned to the river

c) reasons (of cause)

For example:

He was glad to talk to her because it set her at ease.

d) goals (of purpose)

For example:

He spoke loudly and clearly so that everyone could hear him.

e) conditions (of condition)

For example:

If we start off now, we"ll arrive there by dinner time.

e) concessions

For example:

Although it was very late, she kept the dinner warm on the stove.

g) consequences (of consequence)

For example:

He was so embarrassed that he could hardly understand her.

h) comparison

For example:

He now took better care of his old father than he had ever done it before.

1. Sentences with attributive clauses

For example:

I know a man who can help us.

6. Sentences with appositive connection (attributive clauses)

For example:

I had the impression that she was badly ill.

Although a subordinating relationship involves subordinating one sentence to another, a complex sentence can consist of two or more clauses. In this case, it can form a whole hierarchy of sentences with different types of subordinating relationships.

For example:

I see

The structure of this proposal can be represented as follows:

A complex sentence can have several subordinating clauses, interconnected by various types of subordinating connections. Consider the following sentence:

All she saw was that she might go to prison for a robbery she had committed years ago.

The connection between subordinating clauses and their relationship to the main clause can be represented using the following diagram:

This complex sentence diagram allows us to clearly imagine the relationship between the main clause and subordinate clauses.

Thus, to summarize the above, it is worth noting that a complex sentence and a complex sentence are complex syntactic structures that can include more than two sentences and reveal different kinds syntactic connection between them.

In this article we will look at what complex sentences are with different types connections, examples of which will be given and analyzed. But to make it clear, let's start from afar.

What is a complex sentence?

In syntax, a sentence is words united by a common meaning and connected using the laws of grammar, having common theme, purpose of utterance and intonation. With the help of sentences, people communicate, share their thoughts, present some material. The idea can be expressed briefly, or it can be expanded. Accordingly, sentences can be laconic or widespread.

Every sentence has its “heart” - a grammatical basis, i.e. subject and predicate. This is the subject of speech and its main characteristic (what does it do, what is it like, what is it?). If there is only one grammatical basis in a sentence, it is a simple sentence; if there are two or more, then it is complex.

(SP) may include two parts, three, four or even more. The relationships in meaning between them, as well as the means of connecting them with each other, can be different. There are complex union proposals and non-union proposals. To learn about their diversity, read the next section.

What are the types of joint ventures?

We have already begun to talk about the fact that joint ventures can be union or non-union. Everything is very simple. If the parts of the joint venture are connected by a union (or by intonation), then the connection between them is called union, and if only by intonation, then, accordingly, non-union.

In turn, conjunctive sentences are divided into coordinating and subordinating sentences - depending on whether their parts are in an “equal” position or one depends on the other.

Spring will come soon. This is a simple proposal. the world will play again bright colors. This sentence is complex, and its parts are connected by intonation and conjunction " When". We can ask a question from the main predicative part to the subordinate clause ( the world will sparkle with bright colors When? - when spring comes), which means it's Spring will come soon and nature will bloom. This sentence also has two parts, but they are united by intonation and a coordinating conjunction And. It is impossible to form a question between the parts, but you can easily divide this sentence into two simple ones. This sentence is complex. Spring will come soon, flowers will bloom, birds will fly in, it will become warm. This joint venture contains four simple parts, but they are all united only by intonation; there are no unions at the boundaries of the parts. This means it is non-conjunctive. In order to compose complex sentences with different types of connection, it would be necessary to combine both a conjunctive and a non-conjunctive connection in one sentence.

How many simple sentences can there be in a complex one?

For a sentence to be considered complex, it must include at least two simple and two predicative parts. Complex sentences with different types of connections (we will see examples below) contain at least three parts, and sometimes there are about ten. But in this case, the proposal may be difficult to perceive. Such sentences combine conjunction and non-conjunction, coordinating and subordinating in any combination.

He was surprised; my head and chest were full of some strange feeling; the water ran with frightening speed, indomitably breaking through the stones, and falling with such force from a height that it seemed that the mountain, whose slopes were full of mountain flowers, could not withstand this pressure...

Here's a great example. Here are the parts complex sentences with different This sentence has 5 predicative parts, between which all possible types of connection are represented. What are their features? Let's remember in more detail.

Conjunctive coordinating connection

Complex conjunction sentences are either compound sentences (CCS) or complex sentences (CCS).

Coordinating connection (CC) connects “equal” simple sentences. This means that it is impossible to form a question from one predicative part of a complex sentence to another; there is no dependence between them. Parts of the BSC can easily be made into independent sentences, and the meaning of the phrase will not suffer or change.

Coordinating conjunctions are used to connect parts of such sentences. and, a, but, or etc. The sea was rough and the waves crashed against the rocks with furious force..

Conjunctive subordination

With a subordinating connection (SC), as its name implies, one part of the sentence “subordinates” the other, carries the main meaning, is the main one, while the second (subordinate) only complements, specifies something, you can ask a question about it from the main part. For subordinating connections, such conjunctions and allied words are used as what, who, when, which, because, if etc.

But it’s sad to think that our youth was given to us in vain, that they cheated on it all the time, that it deceived us...(A. Pushkin). This sentence has one main part and three subordinate clauses, dependent on it and answering the same questions: " But it’s sad to think (about what?) that it’s in vain..."

If you try to divide the SPP into separate simple ones, then in most cases it will be clear that the main part retains its meaning and can exist without subordinate clauses, but the subordinate clauses become incomplete in their semantic content and are not full-fledged sentences.

Non-union connection

Another type of joint venture is a non-union joint venture. A complex sentence with different types of connection most often combines a connection without conjunctions with one of the types of conjunctions or with both types at once.

The parts of the BSP are connected only intonationally. But this type of joint venture is considered the most difficult in terms of punctuation. If in union proposals between their parts there is only one sign - a comma, then in this case you need to choose one of four punctuation marks: comma, semicolon, dash or colon. In this article we will not go into the details of this difficult rule, since our task today is complex sentences with different types of connections, exercises in their grammatically correct composition and punctuation.

The horses started moving, the bell rang, the wagon flew away(A.S. Pushkin). This sentence has three parts, connected by intonation and separated by commas.

So, we have briefly characterized each of the possible types of connection between parts of the joint venture, and now we will return to the main topic of the article.

Algorithm for parsing joint ventures with different types of communication

How to correctly arrange signs in a joint venture with many parts and different types of connections? The most important thing is to determine how many parts there are and where exactly their boundaries lie. To do this you need to find grammar basics. There are as many predicative parts as there are. Next, we highlight all the minor members related to each of the foundations, and thus it becomes clear where one part ends and the other begins. After this, you need to determine what types of connections between the parts (look at the presence or absence of conjunctions, try to ask a question, or try to make each of the parts a separate sentence).

And finally, all that remains is to correctly place the punctuation marks, because without them in writing it is very difficult to comprehend complex sentences with different types of connections (the exercises in the textbooks are precisely aimed at developing this skill).

How not to make a mistake in choosing punctuation marks?

Punctuation of a complex sentence with different types of communication

Once the predicative parts are highlighted and the types of connections are established, everything becomes very clear. We place punctuation marks in accordance with the rules relating to a specific type of communication.

Coordinating (CC) and subordinating relationships (CS) require a comma before the conjunction. Other punctuation marks in this case are very rare (in a coordinating connection, a semicolon is possible if one of the parts is complicated and contains commas; a dash is possible if the parts are sharply opposed or one of them contains an unexpected result).

With a non-union connection, as mentioned above, one of four punctuation marks may appear, depending on the semantic relationship between the parts of the sentence.

Drawing up diagrams of complex sentences with different types of communication

This step can be performed before placing punctuation marks, or after, to check their correctness. Diagrams are used in punctuation to graphically explain the choice of a particular punctuation mark.

The diagram helps to write complex sentences with different types of connections without punctuation errors. We will give examples of punctuation marks and diagramming right now.

[The day was beautiful, sunny, surprisingly calm]; [a cozy shadow loomed on the left], and [it became difficult to understand], (where it ends, the shadow) and (where the emerald foliage of the trees begins).

In this sentence, a non-union connection is easily traced between the first and second parts, a coordinating connection between the second and third, and the third part is the main one in relation to the next two subordinate parts and is connected to them by a subordinate connection. The scheme of this joint venture is as follows: [__ =,=,=]; [= __], and [=], (where = __) and (where = __). Schemes of complex sentences with different types of connections can be horizontal and vertical. We have given an example of a horizontal diagram.

Let's sum it up

So, we have found out what complex sentences with different types of connections are (examples of them are very common in works of fiction and business communication). These are sentences containing more than two simple ones, and their parts are connected by different types of syntactic connections. JVs with different types of communications may include SPP, SSP and BSP in various combinations. In order not to make mistakes in punctuation marks, you need to identify simple sentences within complex ones and determine the types of syntactic connections.

Be literate!

To correctly formulate and present their own thoughts, schoolchildren and adults need to learn how to correctly place semantic accents in writing. If in life we ​​often use simple constructions, then in writing we use complex sentences with different types of connections. Therefore, it is important to know the features of their construction.

In contact with

Classification

What are the types of connection between sentences? used in Russian :

• coordinating with and without conjunctions, when components syntactic construction are independent, equal in rights relative to each other;
• subordinate connection, non-union and allied, when one part of the structure is main and the second is dependent;
• conjunction, coordinating and subordinating, expressed using coordinating or subordinating conjunctions and allied words;

Complex sentences consist of several simple ones, therefore they have more than two grammatical stems. When you meet them, don’t be surprised and remember that there can be not only 2 or 3 parts, but on average up to 10-15. They constantly combine different types communications.

Main types of complex sentences with examples:

1. Non-union.
2. Complex.
3. Complex sentences.
4. Designs with different types of connections.

An example of a non-union connection: The wind drives the clouds to the edge of heaven, the broken spruce groans, the winter forest whispers something.

It is necessary to note the main feature of constructions with coordinating connection. The function of a coordinating connection is to show the equality of parts within a complex sentence, which is done using intonation and the use of coordinating conjunctions. Non-union communication can also be used.

How are complex sentences constructed? examples with diagrams :

The sky cleared of hanging clouds - and the bright sun came out.

The fields were empty, the autumn forest became dark and transparent.

Sentences of the fourth type usually consist of three or more parts, which are connected to each other in different ways. To better understand the meaning of such constructions, how to learn how complex sentences with different types of connections are constructed and grouped. Often sentences are divided into several blocks, connected without a union or using a coordinating connection, with each part representing a simple or complex sentence.

Dependent parts may have different semantic meanings, based on this complex sentences are divided into several groups.

Definitive

They serve to characterize and reveal the attribute of the noun being defined from the main sentence. They are joined using and: where, where, where, which, what. They are found only inside the main one or after it. You can ask questions about them: which one?, whose?

Examples:

How oppressively hot it is in those hours when the afternoon hangs in silence and heat.

For a long time he admired, smiling, his capricious beloved daughter, who was lost in thought, not noticing anything around her.

Explanatory

Refer to words that have the meaning of thoughts (reflect), feelings (sad), speech (answered, said) in order to reveal in detail the meaning of the main word, clarify, supplement. These also include demonstrative words - that, that, then, to which the dependent clause is attached. They are connected by conjunctions that, in order, as if, as if.

Examples:

The guy quickly realized that his friend’s parents were not particularly smart, and thought through a further strategy.

This could be seen from the fact that he drove his cart around the yard several times until he discovered the hut.

Circumstantial

Relate to or to words that have adverbial meaning. Let's name their varieties and ways of joining the main word:

• time, specify the period of time when the action is performed, subordinating temporary conjunctions are used for communication: when, until what time (When talking about the war, the stranger lowered his head and thought);
• places, talking about the place, are connected to the main word by allied adverb words: where, where, from where (The leaves, wherever you looked, were yellow or golden);
• conditions that reveal under what circumstances this or that action is possible, are joined by subordinate conjunctions: if, if..., then. They can start with particles - so, then (If it rains, then the tent will need to be moved higher);
• degree, specifies the measure or degree of action I'm talking about we're talking about, you can ask questions about them: to what extent? to what extent? (The rain stopped so quickly that the ground did not have time to get wet.);
• goals, communicate what purpose the action is pursuing and are connected by goal conjunctions: so that, so that (In order not to be late, he decided to leave early);
• reasons, conjunction is used to join - because(He did not complete the task because he was ill);
• mode of action, indicate exactly how the action was performed, are joined by subordinating conjunctions: as if, as if, exactly (The forest was covered in snow, as if someone had bewitched it);
• consequences serve to clarify the result of an action; you can ask them the question - as a consequence of what? Join the union - So(The snow shone more and more brightly in the sun, so that my eyes hurt);
• concessions, alliances are used to join them: let, although, despite. Conjunctive words (how, how many) with the particle neither (No matter how hard you try, but without knowledge and skills nothing will work) can be used.

Constructing sentence diagrams

Let's consider what a proposal scheme is. This is a graphical drawing showing the structure proposals in a compact form.

Let's try to create sentence diagrams that contain two or more subordinate clauses. To do this, let's look at examples with different inflected parts of speech.

Complex sentences can consist of several subordinate clauses, which have different relationships with each other.

There are the following types of connection between sentences:

• homogeneous or associative;
• parallel (centralized);
• sequential (chain, linear).

Homogeneous

Characterized by the following signs:

• all subordinate clauses can be attributed to the entire main word or to one of the words;
• subordinate clauses are identical in meaning and answer the same question;
• coordinating conjunctions are connected or a non-union connection is used;
• The intonation during pronunciation is enumerative.

Examples and linear circuits proposals:

I noticed how the stars began to blur (1), how a light breeze of coolness swept by (2).

, (how how…).

Sometimes subordinate clauses are represented by a cascade of explanatory sentences, depending on one word located in the main part:

It is unknown where she lived (1), who she was (2), why the Roman artist painted her portrait (3) and what she was thinking about in the painting (4).

, (where...), (who...), (why...) and (about what...).

Parallel

Such complex sentences have subordinate clauses different meanings belonging to several types

Here are examples of sentences with diagrams:

When our boat sailed from the ship to the shore, we noticed that women and children began to run away from the settlement.

(When that…).

Here two subordinate clauses depend on the main sentence: tense and explanatory.

Constructions can create a chain, which can be depicted in the diagram as follows:

In some places there were crowded houses, the color of which was similar to the surrounding rocks, so that you had to be closer to distinguish them.

, (which...), (that...), (to...).

It is also possible another variant when one sentence is inside another. Sometimes constructions are combined, connecting with one subordinate clause inside another.

At first the blacksmith was terribly frightened when the devil raised him so high that nothing was visible below, and rushed under the moon itself so that he could have caught it with his hat.

, (when..., (what...), and...), (what...).

Used in sentences various punctuation marks:

• comma, example: The sister-in-law’s final remark ended on the street, where she had gone to do her urgent business;
• semicolon: Some time later, everyone in the village was fast asleep; only a month hung high in the luxurious Ukrainian sky;
• colon: It happened like this: at night the tank got stuck in a swamp and drowned;
• dash: Dense hazel bushes will block your path; if you get hurt on the thorny thorns, go forward stubbornly.

Sequential

Simple structures are connected to one another along a chain:

There is a known knot on a tree trunk on which you place your foot when you want to climb an apple tree.

, (which...), (when...).

Determination procedure

What plan is used to determine the types of connections between sentences in writing? We offer a step-by-step guide that is suitable for any occasion:

• read the proposal carefully;
• highlight all grammatical basics;
• divide the structure into parts and number them;
• find allied words and conjunctions, if they are absent, take into account the intonation;
• determine the nature of the connection.

​If available two independent parts, then this is a sentence with a coordinating connection. When one sentence states the reason for what is being discussed in another, it is a complex sentence with subordination.

Attention! Subordinate constructions can be replaced or participial phrase. Example: Silent lightning flashed here and there across the black sky, dotted with myriads of small stars.

Learning Russian - complex sentences with different types of connections

Types of communication in complex sentences

Conclusion

The types of connections between sentences depend on their classification. They use . The schemes are very diverse, there are many interesting options. Graphic drawing of proposal allows you to quickly determine construction and sequence of all components, highlight the basics, find the main thing and place punctuation marks correctly.

AT 6

Among the sentences (no. sentences) find a complex sentence with a conjunctive subordinating and coordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this complex sentence.

Among the sentences (№№), find a complex sentence with sequential/parallel/homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

Among the sentences (№№), indicate a sentence with a subordinate reason (any other type).

Required knowledge:

· Types of subordinate clauses.

· Types of subordination of the subordinate construction to the main one.

· Types of connections between parts of a complex sentence.

definitive	explanatory	circumstances
Refers to IP in the main clause. Answer the question Which? They join the main one with the help of a conjunctive word.	In the main construction they refer to words with the meaning of speech, thoughts, feelings and complement (explain, reveal) the meaning of these words.	Subordinate clauses of this type refer to verbs or words with an adverbial meaning in the main sentence and specify the place, time, reason, purpose of the action, etc.
The house (what?) where I live is located on the edge of the village.	We knew (about what?) that he brought a lot of food.

Types of Subordination subordinate clause the main thing

sequential	Each subsequent sentence depends on the previous one (“trailers”).	They reported on the radio (what?) that there was still ice in the bay (what follows from this?), so the support boats could not leave.
homogeneous	Both subordinate clauses depend on one main clause, answer the same question, and are homogeneous.	I had a dream (what?) that I was sleeping soundly, that I had died and was immersed in dreams .
parallel	Subordination of subordinate clauses, in which they refer to different words of the same main sentence.	(When?) When the chaise was already at the end of the village, Chichikov called to him the first man (which one?), who, having picked up a thick log somewhere on the road, was dragging it on his shoulder.
heterogeneous	Such subordination of subordinate clauses, in which they refer to the same word in the main sentence, but answer various questions.	I had to hire (why? why?) oxen to pull my cart up this damn mountain, because it was already autumn and ice .
Mixed (combined)	Different types of subordinate clauses are combined.	In the air, wherever you look, whole clouds of snowflakes are circling, so you can’t tell whether the snow is coming from the sky or from the ground.

Types of connections between parts of a complex sentence.

· Essay . This is a connection of a complex sentence. SSP is a complex sentence consisting of simple sentences of EQUAL meaning, connected by coordinating conjunctions.

· Subordinating . Connection of a complex sentence. A SPP is a complex sentence in which one simple sentence (subordinate clause) is subordinate in meaning to another (main clause) and is connected to it by a subordinating conjunction or a conjunctive word:

Analysis of the task.

Among sentences 1-16, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

Please note: there must be ONE offer!

(1)B modern society a whole ocean of problems. (2) They surround you everywhere, and no matter which path you take, new ones arise. (3) Let’s take the question of reading - in class, at home. (4) About how much they read, how they read, how they feel about the book. (5) This is also a very complicated matter. (6) Now, according to my observations, they read much less than 25-30 years ago. (7) I remember the yearswar, when as a boy I found myself in evacuation, in the rear, in special hospital conditions. (8) What a great value the book was for us! (9) They were ready to exchange it for any boyish joy - for stamps, for slingshots, for anything. (10) Moreover, not to exchange for personal use, but only to read. (11) This was already happiness. (12) The most popular boys among us were those, who knew how to retell a book that no one had ever seen. (13) Those who could tell “The Three Musketeers”, “The Headless Horseman” and ... “War and Peace”. (14) Yes, yes, “War and Peace,” this is a serious work, I heard it in the stories of an eleven-year-old boy (15) At the age of ten, I read Gogol’s “Dead Souls” and Schiller’s “Cunning and Love.” (16) I can’t say that I understood a lot, but I still imagine some scenes from Schiller.

Sample reasoning:

I remember: “trailers”! Each next one is from the previous one!

#1 is a simple sentence.

No. 2 – there are no two subordinate clauses.

No. 3 – simple.

No. 4 – not trailers.

No. 5 – simple.

No. 6 – with one subordinate clause.

No. 7 – with one subordinate clause.

No. 8 – simple.

No. 9 – simple.

No. 10 – with opposition.

No. 11 – simple.

No. 12 – 2 subordinate clauses! Let's check. The most popular boys among us were those (which ones?) who could retell a book (which one?) that no one had ever seen. Carriages!

No. 13 – SPP with one subordinate clause.

No. 14 – simple.

No. 15 – simple.

No. 16 – with different types of communication.

Correct answer: sentence No. 12.

The parts of a complex sentence must be connected to each other using a coordinating or subordinating connection. What kind of connection is used in a complex sentence can be determined by the conjunction and some other important details. This is how they distinguish (SSP) and complex sentences (SPP).

To begin with, we should remember that a complex sentence consists of two or more grammatical bases that have a single semantic meaning. How these stems interact determines the type of sentence and the punctuation required.

For example, the sentence “I'll go for a walk” is simple, it has one grammatical basis. But if you add one more part to it (“I’ll go for a walk, but first I’ll do my homework”), you’ll get a BSC with two stems “I’ll go for a walk” and “I’ll do my homework,” where as coordinating conjunction"but" appears.

What is coordinating communication? This is the interaction of two or more parts that are equal and independent of each other. Coordinating sentences are defined in two simple ways.

Necessary:

1. Asking a question from one grammatical basis to another is usually impossible in SSP: “The morning was cool, but I went for a bike ride.”
2. Try to divide the SSP into two separate sentences without losing the meaning: “The sun disappeared behind the hill, and the heads of the sunflowers drooped sadly” - “The sun went down” and “The heads of the sunflowers sadly drooped.” The meaning is not lost, but one sentence has turned into two separate ones.

Vivid examples can be found in Russian folklore: “The hair is long, but the mind is short”, “The woman dances, and the grandfather cries”, “The woman is with the cart, but the mare is lighter”; they are also found in descriptions of nature and texts of reflection.

Parts of the BSC are usually connected by conjunctions of the same name, which are divided into types: connecting (and, also, etc.), dividing (or, either, not that... not that, etc.) and adversative (but, but, but, etc.).

It is important to know! Coordinating connection can be used not only to connect simple sentences as part of a complex sentence, but also to connect homogeneous members, participial or adverbial phrases.

Subordinating connection

If two or more grammatical stems are used, and they are not equal, but depend in some order on each other, then this is a complex sentence with.

An IPP necessarily has a main part and a subordinate clause, and from the first to the second you can ask a defining question.

For example, “Vasya went out for a walk because his mother started spring cleaning.” The main part “Vasya went out for a walk”, from it we ask the question “why did he do this?” and in the subordinate part the answer is “because mom started spring cleaning.”

The secondary or subordinate part can act as a circumstance, definition or addition.

This type of interaction can be defined:

1. By asking a question from the main clause to the subordinate clause.
2. By highlighting the grammatical basics and identifying the main one.
3. Determine the type of union.

In writing, such relationships between parts are highlighted by punctuation marks, and in oral speech – by an intonation pause.

Types of subordinating connections

In order to correctly parse a sentence into parts and determine the types of subordinating connections, it is necessary to correctly identify the main part and ask a question from it to the subordinate clause.

The subordinate clause can be of several types:

1. The attribute answers the questions: which one? which? whose?
2. The indicative answers questions of indirect cases, i.e. everything except the nominative.
3. The adverbial answers the questions: where? Where? For what? where? Why? When? How?

Since the group of adverbial clauses is very large, subgroups are distinguished among them. Questions also help determine the species.

The adverbial adverbial clause is of the following types:

• time (when? how long?);
• places (where? to where? from?);
• reasons (why?);
• goals (for what? for what purpose?);
• mode of action and degree (how? to what extent? to what extent?);
• comparisons (how?);
• consequences (what follows from this?);
• conditions (under what condition?);
• concessions (in spite of what?).

Important! The type of subordinate clause is determined precisely by the question, and not by the type of subordinating conjunction or allied word. So, for example, the conjunctive word “where” can be used not only in adverbial clauses, but also in the attributive clause: “I’m rushing to that house (which one?) where I used to live.”

Types of communication in NGN

Since such a sentence often contains several subordinate clauses at once, it should also define subordinate relations:

• Consistent submission. Each subordinate clause refers to a word from the preceding clause ("I was humming a song I heard yesterday when we were walking in the park").
• Homogeneous submission. The structure resembles homogeneous members offers. Subordinate clauses answer one question and refer to the same word in the main sentence, while subordinating conjunctions can be different (“After what happened, I didn’t understand how to live and what to do next, how to forget everything and start life again”). The placement of punctuation marks follows the same rule as punctuation for homogeneous members of a sentence.
• Parallel subordination. Subordinate clauses refer to the same main sentence, but answer different questions: “I was bored there, despite the crowd of people, because no one was interesting to me there.”

Important! There may also be sentences with combined subordination.

Subtleties of punctuation

It is equally important to know what punctuation marks should be placed in the SSP and SPP, because the parts are necessarily connected by a conjunction - an auxiliary part of speech that is not inflected, not conjugated and connects homogeneous members or simple sentences as part of a complex one. It is the conjunction that helps to understand what type of connection is used in a sentence.

Coordinating and subordinating connections in sentences involve the use of conjunctions of the same name. Moreover, any of them is necessarily highlighted by a comma on paper, and when reading – by an intonation pause.

TO subordinating conjunctions include: what, how, so that, barely, only, when, where, where, from, so much, to what extent, as if, as if, because, if, despite that, although, etc.

The coordinating connection in a sentence and phrase determines the use of conjunctions: and, yes, not only, also, but also, also, as ..., so, or, either, then, but, however, also, also, that is, etc.

But sentences can also be non-conjunctive, in which case its parts are separated not only by a comma (“The sun has risen, the roosters have begun their morning songs as usual”), but also by other punctuation marks:

• with a colon: “I told you: you can’t be late!”
• semicolon: “The stars lit up in the sky, filling the night with light; sensing the night, a wolf howled on a high hill in the distance; a night bird screamed nearby on a tree.”
• dash: “It’s pouring like buckets outside - it’s impossible to go out for a walk.”

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Let's sum it up

The presence of complex sentences makes writing and oral speech bright and expressive. They can often be found in fiction and journalistic articles. The presence of complex structures allows a person to correctly and consistently express his thoughts, as well as show his level of literacy. Errors in punctuation, on the contrary, indicate low speech culture and illiteracy.

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