Even last winter, I became interested in studying fairs until 1917 on the territory of the Moscow province. I read quite a few articles and books from which I emphasized quite a few information for general development. It's fun to read history. I recommend.
Naturally, at first he used the list of fairs in 1787 and 1834, as well as the lists of the "Populated area of the Moscow province." All this is available on the Internet in the public domain and anyone can familiarize themselves with it. Another thing is when you start looking for these villages and cities on modern maps, or even graveyards. The names of settlements have changed, and moreover, in the past, the owner of a particular place called it by its own name, and he owned, for example, ten villages. A couple of villages with the same name could even be in the same county. So, sorting through and sorting through the lists, old and modern maps, I drew a modern map with notes where and what fairs were. If there was information, he made notes on the volume of trades, the number of people, the time of the event and how many days the fair took place.
I understood the reasons for such popularity of the famous Rogachev Fair. Many have heard about the Field of Miracles in Rogachevo. These are three fields located on the outskirts of the village.
There seems to be nothing complicated. People traded and traded and everyone knows about it. But why was there such an active trade in this place and for quite a long time - several hundred years?
Let's consider a map.
And let's look at the same place through the eyes of Schubert.
Quite convenient and safe way on the water from the Volga. As you know, the condition of the roads in those distant times was .... Yes, there were no roads in those distant times. There was a single number of tracts, and the rest were ordinary dirt roads. Only the paths were covered with stone. Someday I will tell about my walks along two such paths. It is quite interesting to see a stone-paved road when there is no hint of civilized roads in the area. But that's in the future. Due to the lack of roads, moving on carts was quite difficult and time consuming. If we take the speed of a loaded cart 5-7 km / h, then it is not difficult to calculate that in 10 hours you can drive 50-70 km. But this can only be considered in problem books in arithmetic. The maximum duration of a horse's working day is 10-12 hours. The horse is fed 3-4 times a day. The horse can start working 30 minutes after feeding. In order to feed the horse, it is enough to hang a sack on the horse's muzzle, but in order to give it a drink, it is necessary to unharness it. And it turns out that the cart moves at a speed of 5-7 km / h, not for 10-12 hours, but at best for eight hours. From this we conclude that the maximum distance that a horse and cart can travel in a day is 40-50 kilometers.
Horses pulled the same barge along the Yakhroma River, but the transported cargo per horse varied significantly. The legend of the name of the river Yakhroma is very interesting. Allegedly, Yuri Dolgoruky was accompanied by his wife on a trip to the principality. To rest near the river, the princess dismounted and stumbled while exclaiming - "Oh! I'm lame." Surrounding people took it as the name of the river. Since then, it has become customary to call this river Yakhroma.
Those wishing to take a walk along the Yakhroma coast in the Rogachevo region should take into account that the channel in this place was greatly changed due to reclamation work. The new channel is clearly visible on modern maps, and we can see the old one on Schubert's maps.
The village of Rogachevo is the central transit point of the trade route from Moscow to the north, and the fair here was precisely on a national scale. It could not be closed only by those three fields that I marked in the first picture. Trade was conducted from Ust-Pristan to the Nikolo-Peshnoshsky Monastery (Lugovoy). Barges stood near the shore and merchants sold their goods directly from them. If you walk along the shore, you can see the recesses, as if intended for the parking of such ships. We conclude that trade was carried out almost along the entire course of the Yakhroma River from Ust-Pristan to the Nikolo-Peshnoshsky Monastery and, naturally, in those places where there was a convenient access (see Schubert's map). Trade was also carried out on the sections between Aleksandrovo-Kopylovo and the river. On the Sestra River, the ships went up to Trekhsvyatskoe. There, the main place of trade was near Cherneev. Well, then the loaded carts went to Klin, some to Dmitrov, or some to Moscow. In Klin, the fairs were weekly on Saturdays, and in Dmitrov, in addition to the weekly fairs, there was another weekly one on September 15th.
Further along the circle is the famous Teryaevo and the Joseph-Volotsky Monastery. Fairs were held there on 15 August and 8 September. Up to 3,500 people gathered fairs there. The goods were brought for 20,000 rubles. And nearby, five kilometers away, a small fair in Spirovo was held on November 21st. People from the surrounding villages came and traded in every little thing.
I will note one more place that is not remarkable today, where there used to be a monastery and a churchyard. This is Nosovo. There is no such place now. This is near the village of Yastrebki, Odintsovo district. Assumption Safroniyev Monastery is mentioned as early as the 15th century. Here, near it, there were auctions for the surrounding villages. Up to 1,500 people gathered at the auction and the turnover was 3,500 rubles.
Somewhere there was a monastery.
And it looks like the fair itself was held here.
When the dam appeared, I could not find out.
Forest next to the trading place. Perhaps merchants and buyers rested in it, or maybe they marked transactions.
There were several large fairs in the south of the Moscow province. One fair in Dedinovo that meant. The Oka River made it possible for merchants to come to the fair from many cities. The malls were on the banks of the river. There were two rows. In one, food supplies were sold, and in the other, on Fridays, all kinds of goods from the surrounding villages. When the railway was built, the goods were delivered from the Lukhovitsy station and mostly it was cattle. I can assume that the cattle was not transported to the left bank of the Oka. Trades most likely on July 8 and September 8 were held on both banks. Further along the left bank of the Oka is Beloomut, which previously consisted of the Lower and Upper. Three fairs were held in Nizhny Beloomut. On Monday, Shrovetide auctions lasted two days, three days on Ascension, and one day on October 1, with a two-day delay. They traded cattle, manufactory and haberdashery goods, as well as hay and fish and everything else that was possible. There were weekly bazaars in Upper Beloomut on Mondays. Pervitsky Torzhok, due to the proximity of the railway and the river, received trading people from many cities and villages every week on Saturday.
And now I want to tell you about the fair that attracted me more than all of the above. There is still a story about one unknown fair ahead, but in terms of trading volume it is comparable to Rogachevskaya, but I will try to tell about it later and in a separate topic on November 15.
The fair was held in the village where the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God of Kazan was built in 1752. There were 46 households in the village in which 171 males and 163 females lived. Literacy was taught in the local school. Due to a fire in 1870, the church was rebuilt.
On July 8, goods were brought from Kashira, Tula, Serpukhov, Venev and Zaraysk. These auctions were held on the square in the center of the village.
The thing is that there are two villages with the name Bogatishchevo. The second Bogatishchevo-Epishino is 14 km to the north and more attention is paid to it. All search engines, when typing Bogatishchevo, point to the railway station, which is in no way associated with the village where the fair could be held. As you can see from the picture, the village itself is located a little south of the railway station. In Soviet times, a poultry farm was built to the north of the village, and a treatment plant for this poultry farm was built to the east. The poultry farm and treatment facilities are now not operating and you can take a walk in the fresh air in the vicinity of the village with great pleasure. You can walk to the Bolshoe Lyubilovo tract and swim in the reservoir, but this is of course on a warm summer day. Now it may be better to direct your feet towards the Svinoe tract. Previously, there was a temple complex. The village itself ceased to exist, but dachas began to grow around that place. The walk should be enjoyable. See map.
At the same time, to your attention from the Schubert map.
And at the same time and PGM.
View of the sewage plant across the field
And this is the Church of Our Lady of Kazan in the neighboring village of Rastovtsy. The history of the village is interesting, but there was no fair there and we will talk about it some other time.
If someone will be in these places and take photos, I will be ready to accept them as a gift and post them on the blog. Happy travels.
In the 15th century, a man came from Greece. You can imagine from Greece on foot to our edges. A man lived in orange groves, ate olives in unlimited quantities. Then once and having collected the katomku and went to the north. He found a lake and formed a settlement on the island. And this happened around the year 1431. They did not grieve until there was not enough space for them. And then they turned to the king with a bow. The good Tsar Ivan the Terrible (he has such a surname), being in a good mood, signed a letter in which he donated the surrounding land for the construction of the Nikolo-Radovitsky Monastery. It happened in 1584. And in order to have a stable income at the monastery, they began to hold annual fairs there on the 9th and 10th weeks of Easter. There were plenty of places, so the people walked for two weeks. And all this happened in the village of Radovitsy, Yegoryevsky district. The places are deaf, overgrown not only with grass and shrubs, but also with tree growth.
A little to the north there is a place that was mentioned in the cadastral books of 1587. The beautiful old Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos was built in 1801. Fairs were held in front of the church. Access to the field on an asphalt road.
Let's go north. We will find the small village of Tugoles. The magnificent Church of the Great Martyr Paraskeva (Friday) opens unexpectedly. Beautiful domes in the forest. A bewitching spectacle. This must be seen. If you saw domes in the forest, then you turned left and soon you will run into the end of the road, and then there is already a rolled primer and you can’t drive through in wet weather. And yes, there is nowhere to go. To the left will stretch a huge field overgrown with grass suitable for haymaking. To the right is an abandoned regional hospital. The number of gadflies living in that region simply cannot be counted. You can say the edge of the vodka. They can be caught there and exported abroad in huge quantities.
However, dear readers of the blog are waiting for the continuation of the story about the fairs of the Moscow province. I will describe to you the fair that took place in the village on the Venevskaya postal road. Traded there on the feast of the Trinity. Traded from the cities of Zaraysk, Tula, Serpukhov, Kashira and other others and others. The entrance was convenient. There was a village on the road. Now you have to walk to get there. The locals prefer a tractor. I didn't see any other traffic. The car can be left in a neighboring village near the church and on foot three kilometers with a tail.
The map clearly shows the location of the village of Gritchino in those days of the Kashirsky district. I think you can easily find it on modern ones, just don't confuse it with the village of Gritchino, Kashirsky district. By the way, the village has already been renamed into a village, and therefore it is necessary to choose which village of Gritchino to go to. The place for a walk is interesting, just do not bypass the gardens. Follow the path through the gardens. Enter the village and you will immediately see the remains of the church on the left, and there you can choose any direction for further travel. If you head to Khrenovo, then after 2.5 km you will run into the remains of a village near the river, and after another couple of kilometers, Khrenovo itself. I almost forgot to the left across the river the churchyard was about two churches. Ouch! Forgot. We're talking about fairs. The fair was in Gritchino.
Let's move to the Shakhovsky district, the village of Cherlenkovo. Let's take a look at this area.
The fair in Cherlenkovo was held on May 9 on Nikolin's day. In 1900, rumors spread that the earth from the grave of a charitable man named Philip helped from everything. At first, they took pinches of earth from the grave and simply carried it with them. The rumor about spread, and people crawled to the grave, and each person already took not a pinch, but a little piece of land. People began to come from neighboring provinces. I took a calculator and roughly calculated how much land people can carry away by taking just a reaper. Let's take a density of 2,000 kg/cu.m. A man in the zhmenu can take about 50 grams. One thousand people will take out 50,000 grams or 50 kg of earth on a zhmenka. Several thousand people passed there every day. I decided to take a walk to the place where there should be a foundation pit instead of a grave. Or maybe he would have taken a piece of land for good luck. And who knows, maybe he will bring good luck. Planned a route.
I looked at the satellite imagery and it looks great.
Printed out the map.
Tried to accommodate several thousand people in this area. I could not imagine where they were located, what, and most importantly, where they ate. Where did they sleep? From articles about this event, we read that several thousand prosvir were sold per day. One prosvir cost 1 kopeck. The county candle warehouse did not have time to deliver candles to the church. The map shows where the church is located and where the cemetery is. And this small settlement in the spring of 1900 received thousands of people every day, fed them and put them to bed. According to the evidence, they baked bread in carts and sold it twice and three times more expensive. The locals certainly got rich. Every scam has its end. The police put things in order. No matter how I searched, I did not find the pit at the site of the grave of the charitable Philip. Walked from the north of the cemetery, then went down to the church and walked along the river bank. The places are beautiful and interesting.
About the nearest fairs in the district, these are Murikovo, Khovan, Levkievo and Sereda, it is written in the Reference book of the Moscow province of 1890.
"Fairs" on Yandex.Maps
To be continued.
Keep for updates.
Hello again! At the beginning of the year, my friends and I visited several abandoned and semi-abandoned villages in the Moscow region. In this regard, I present a new photo report. Here we will talk about the most memorable moments, abandoned houses, curious finds, rural household items and other interesting things.
By the way, I do not often write from such places. A similar blog (just part 1) was last fall, you can see it. Before that, there were a couple more blogs in 2009 and 2010, but now I won’t bother searching, it’s better to move on to the new part right away. So, today's report is dedicated to a couple of villages and village houses in the Moscow region. All of them are differently removed from the capital, but one thing unites them - either the village is being actively demolished for development, a couple of living houses remain. Or in the working village there are deaf abandoned houses, which have not been visited for a hundred years, the windows are partially broken, and there is no fence. This is far from being the case everywhere, but since the capital is growing rapidly, many villages, falling within the boundaries of Moscow, are gradually degrading. Also, villages near the highways are unlucky, and, on the contrary, villages that are very remote from residential agglomerations. For the most part, such houses are empty, homeless residents often live, and nothing interesting is found. But sometimes quite interesting locations come across. You even wonder how so many old and rather rare things, interior items, old dishes and much more have been preserved. So, I’m posting photos mixed up so that it’s proportionately interesting, otherwise some places are quite empty, and some, on the contrary. Go.
1. A typical house built before the revolution. No one lives inside, the door is wide open, the windows are broken. We arrived here in the cold winter. Not the most interesting, but still.
2. We move several tens of kilometers. We get into the house is already more interesting. Shall we have a cup of tea? In the corner we find an old chest, Viennese chairs at the table. We raise the seats, we find the pre-revolutionary label, a trifle, but nice) There are many clocks scattered on the table. By the way, there will also be a lot of hours in the report.
3. Another house is next. On the terrace we find a portrait of the great poet, unambiguously caught under a scythe.
4. In one of the houses we find an old piano. By the same company, by the way, as the piano thrown out of the window of an abandoned school by some freaks (see the blog at the end). This, thank God, is still alive, but the keys are already stuck. At the top of the piano we find a Soviet set of dominoes.
5. Another stopped clock. Ordinary plastic, Soviet.
6. Sometimes houses come across completely destroyed, for example, the roof collapsed after a fire. The sofa looks a little crazy.
7. And this is a house with Pushkin on the terrace. The ceilings are rotten, the floor is falling through. For example, here, the cabinet fell down.
8. An experienced birdhouse next to one abandoned garden at the house.
9. In the attic you can often find various curious things. In this house, for example, these are old items of peasant life (spinning wheels, rakes, pitchforks, wooden shovel, sieve, etc.), notebooks of the 20s and 30s, textbooks of the same time, newspapers, Christmas decorations, porcelain dishes, etc. This frame still shows a radio in very poor condition from the 1940s.
10. Typical cuisine in such houses. An old stove, a water heater, a beautiful but dusty mirror and miscellaneous junk.
11. Baby dolls always look especially creepy.
12. Another curious room. Here we find a pre-revolutionary sewing machine "Singer", or rather a table from her and herself. The condition is very poor. Time and dampness take their toll. There are a lot of old and half-rotten clothes in the closets.
13. I will show the foundation of the camp. Rusty letters "ZINGER" on the back.
14. Every village house should have a red corner.
15. On the way past residential buildings, local inhabitants often come across)
16. Rusty bicycles were found on the terrace.
17. But in the room on the floor there are curious clocks.
18. A house in the village a little far from the rest. Strange, to say the least. In one room the ceiling collapsed, in the second it was barely breathing, there was actually no fence, the windows were broken, and the light in one of the rooms was still working! traces of destruction are visible inside.
19. This leaflet hooked me very much. Learning to write in the 20s. "Get up, branded with a curse, the whole world of hungry and slaves!"
20. In the kitchen in an abandoned house. Letters come across under your feet, an old radio is on the wall.
21. All clocks show different times.
22. Nice wooden bookcase.
23. Title photo. The carpet looks especially sad. Russia-troika, where are you going? And really, where...
24. Soviet pinball. Curious thing, never seen before. Although I've seen a lot of Chinese 90s. Awful condition.
25. One almost completely demolished hut.
26. In the house from frame 18. Buffet in the kitchen. Surprisingly perfect save! As if no one has lived for two or three years, but no one has climbed or beaten. Although the dishes are late Soviet and not rare, so it is not surprising.
27. Notebooks from the 20s, 30s, closer this time. Decorated with portraits of Lunacharsky, Lenin, faces of peasants and pioneers. And of course "Proletarians of all countries, unite!".
28. In the house from 1 photo, right on the doorstep, we find such a wonderful chest
29. A bit of May nature from rural areas =)
30. And again we find the pinball. Not much better condition.
31. One kitchen. It's strange that everything is just so thrown. Despite the apparent order, the dishes are under a layer of dust, the ceiling behind has already collapsed.
32. Nice pre-revolutionary buffet in the piano room.
33. The quality of the frame did not come out very well, but I'll post it anyway. Interesting content. Notebook on geometry 1929.
35. On this frame I want to finish today's photo report.
Such abandoned houses make a very sad and heavy impression. It seems that part of our culture is leaving. The metropolitan way of life is changing the old established way. Is it good or bad? How much progress is needed, and what are we striving for? But these are rather philosophical questions, and everyone will have their own answer. Enough talk for today. Until the next reports!
There are settlements that are prosperous, dying, and there are dead ones. The latter always attract a large number of tourists and adventurers. The main topic of this article is the abandoned villages of the Moscow region. It is very difficult to say how many of them there are in the Moscow region, and indeed in Russia in general. After all, every year there are new abandoned villages. You can also see photos of these villages in this article.
- the problem of Russia
No wonder they say that it is the soul of the country and the people. And if the village dies, then the whole country dies. It is very difficult to disagree with this statement. After all, the village is indeed the cradle of Russian culture and traditions, the Russian spirit and Russian poetry.
Unfortunately, abandoned ones are not uncommon today. Modern Russians increasingly prefer the urban lifestyle, breaking away from their roots. Meanwhile, the village is degrading and more and more abandoned villages appear on the map of Russia, the photos of which amaze with their despondency and longing.
But, on the other hand, such objects attract a large number of tourists and the so-called stalkers - people who are eager to visit various kinds of abandoned places. Thus, the abandoned villages of Russia can become a good resource for the development of extreme tourism.
However, the state should not forget about the problems of the Russian village, which can be solved only by a complex of various measures - economic, social and propaganda.
Abandoned villages in Russia - the reasons for the degradation of villages
The word "village" comes from "tear" - that is, to cultivate the land. It is very difficult to imagine authentic Russia without villages - a symbol of the Russian spirit. However, the realities of our time are such that the village is dying, a huge number of once flourishing villages simply cease to exist. What's the matter? What are the reasons for these sad processes?
Perhaps the main reason is urbanization - the process of rapidly increasing the role of the city in society. Large cities attract more and more people, especially young people. Young people leave for cities to get an education and, as a rule, do not return to their native village. Over time, only the elderly remain in the villages, who live out their lives there, as a result of which the villages die out. For this reason, almost all the abandoned villages of the Moscow region appeared.
Another fairly common reason for the degradation of villages is the lack of jobs. Many villages in Russia suffer from this problem, as a result of which their inhabitants are also forced to go to the cities in search of work. Villages can disappear for other reasons as well. For example, it can be a man-made disaster. Villages can also degrade as a result of changes in their economic and geographical position. For example, if the direction of the road changes, thanks to which a particular village has been developing all this time.
Moscow region - the land of ancient temples and estates
Moscow region is an unofficial name. The historical predecessor of this region can be considered the Moscow province, which was formed back in 1708.
The Moscow region is one of the leading regions in terms of the number of cultural heritage sites in Russia. This is a real paradise for tourists and travelers: more than a thousand ancient temples and monasteries, dozens of beautiful estates, as well as numerous places with long-term traditions of folk art crafts. It is in the Moscow region that such ancient and interesting cities as Zvenigorod, Istra, Sergiev Posad, Dmitrov, Zaraysk and others are located.
At the same time, the abandoned villages of the Moscow region are also well known to many. There are a lot of them in this region. The most interesting abandoned villages of the Moscow region will be discussed further.
Such objects attract primarily extreme people, as well as local historians and various lovers of antiquity. there are many such places. First of all, it is worth mentioning the Fedorovka farm, the villages of Botovo, Grebnevo and Shatour. These abandoned villages near Moscow on the map:
Khutor Fedorovka
This farm is located 100 kilometers from Moscow. In fact, this is a former military town, so you will not find it on any of the maps. Around the beginning of the 90s, the village of 30 residential buildings completely fell into disrepair. At one time, it had its own boiler house, substation, and also a shop.
Botovo village
The old village of Botovo is located in the Moscow region, near the Volokolamsk station (Riga direction). Once in this area was the estate of Princess A. M. Dolgorukova. The center of this estate was a wooden church, which was built in the 16th century (the church has not been preserved). The last owner of the estate in Botovo, as you know, gave it to the peasants at the beginning of the 20th century.
Of the surviving objects in Botovo, you can see only the ruins of the Resurrection Church, built in the 1770s in the pseudo-Russian style, as well as the remains of an old twenty-hectare park. There are still old birch and linden alleys in this park.
Village Grebnevo
Grebnevo is a 16th-century estate with a rich and interesting history and a rather tragic fate. It is located forty kilometers from the capital, on the Shchelkovo highway.
The first owner of the estate was B. Ya. Belsky, the gunsmith of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, then the Vorontsovs and Trubetskoys owned the estate. In 1781, Gavril Ilyich Bibikov became the owner, it was under him that the estate acquired the form in which it has survived to this day.
Dramatic pages in the history of the estate in Grebnevo are connected with the beginning of the Soviet era. The nationalization of the complex led to the fact that the buildings gradually began to lose their historical appearance. First of all, all the internal interiors of buildings were affected. At first, a tuberculosis sanatorium was located within the walls of the estate complex, then a technical school. And only in 1960 the Grebnevo estate was declared an architectural monument of republican significance.
In the late 1980s, the estate seemed to have received a new impetus for its development and preservation. A cultural center was formed here, and various concerts, events and exhibitions began to be held regularly on the estate. Active restoration work began to restore the complex. But in 1991 there was a huge fire, after which only the frames of manor buildings and structures remained from it. In this state, the Grebnevo estate remains to this day, more and more turning into ordinary ruins.
Shatour village
The old village of Shatour has been known since the 17th century. It is located on poor soils, so the main occupation of the locals has always been hunting. Perhaps it was for this reason that the village fell into decay in the middle of the 20th century.
Today the village is completely deserted. Occasionally, the owners of individual houses visit here (several times a year). Among the abandoned village, the old brick bell tower looks great, towering over the deserted village.
Reminder for the extreme tourist
Despite their gloom and decrepitude, old uninhabited villages and other abandoned places are of great interest to many tourists. However, travel to such objects can be associated with certain dangers.
What should the so-called extreme tourists know?
- firstly, before going on such a trip, you should notify your relatives or friends about your trip, its timing and the route of your movement;
- secondly, you need to dress appropriately; remember that you are not going for an evening walk in the park: clothes should be closed, and shoes should be reliable, durable and comfortable;
- thirdly, take with you the necessary supply of water and food, also in your backpack should be a flashlight, matches and a standard first aid kit.
Finally...
The old villages of the Moscow region amaze travelers with their desolation and picturesqueness. I can't even believe that such objects can be located just a few tens of kilometers from the capital - the largest metropolis on the planet! Getting into one of these villages is like using a time machine. It seems like time has stopped here...
Alas, the number of abandoned is growing every year. Perhaps someday this problem can be solved. But for now, abandoned villages serve only as objects of interest for all kinds of extreme people, stalkers and lovers of gloomy antiquity.
The history of lost settlements that have not survived to this day is an important part of the history of the region.
Today we will talk about the village Lipovets, which existed in the XVI-I floor. 18th century on the territory of the Housing Cooperative (Zhilkop) of the urban settlement of Fryanovo, Shchelkovsky District, Moscow Region, village Gridino, at different times called Bravino, Brovkino or Gridkovo, from the beginning of the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century, located on the right bank of the Dubenka River opposite the village of Golovino, the village Kopylovo in the XVI-I half. 18th century located between Mavrino and Stepankovo, a village Lunevo, in the XVIII - first half. 19th century located on the right bank of the river. Melezhi near the village of Bobry and a village with an unusual name Bolohrystovo, at the beginning of the XVI - the first half of the XIX century. that existed not far from the current Staropareev ...
Lipovets
To the north of Fryanovo along the Sherenka River through the Likhachikha wasteland (as the Endova cliff was called in those days) on the territory of the present Fryanovo Housing Cooperative in XVI century there was an ancient village of Lipovets. She was listed in the estate of Ivan Mikitin, the son of Boskakov.
Ivan Mikitin son of Boskakov (Baskakov). The Boskakovs were relatives of the Zubovs, who had long owned the village Gridina, located between and . Both clans descended from the Tatar Baskak Amragat (Miragan), who was baptized with the name of Zakharia (Martyn).
One of the sons of Amragat, Parthenius, who accepted monasticism with the name of Pafnutius, died in 1478 and in 1540 was canonized as a saint (Rev. Pafnuty of Borovsky, 1394-1477). His other son, Ivan Boskakov, died in the Kazan campaign of 1547. One of Baskakov's descendants, Sharap Baskakov, sold a number of his estates to the Trinity Makhrishchsky Monastery, but this deal was disputed by Timofey Klobukov, son of Toporkov, another large estate owner of the Shchelkovsky region. The Baskakovs were among the old families of the Central Russian districts who had long-standing contacts with representatives of the administration of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery.
Venerable Pafnutiy Borovsky.
In the lists of service people, Tens of 1577, the owner of the village of Lipovets, Ivan Mikitin, the son of Baskakov, wasmarked as follows: “at the layout, the payers said: they don’t know it, they don’t live from the layout”. In other words, a service man was not endowed with land for his service, but lived off his own estates. The commentator of this mention believes that it was Ivan Mikitin Baskakov who owned the village of Lipovets.
The need for money was one of the reasons that forced the owners to part with their patrimonial estates. In 1577/78, Ivan Baskakov sold his large village of Aleksino in the Kinel camp to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. Despite the fact that Ivan Boskakov had a son, Evdokim Ivanovich, he gave to his soul the village of Lipovets with the patrimonial yard in the Suzdal bishop's house. Later, in 1627, Evdokim tried unsuccessfully to sue a number of his father's patrimonial estates at the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. Another son of Ivan Mikitin Boskakov, Ivan, served under Ivan Vasilyevich Sitsky (? -1608), the then owner of the neighboring village. In 1586, I.V. Sitsky gave Ivan Ivanovich Baskakov 350 honors of land in the Moscow district. It is interesting that the third son of Ivan Boskakov, Grabysh Ivanov, the son of Boskakov, was the nephew of the deacon Shemet Ivanov and together with him entered into the possession of the future Fryanovo. The wife of Ivan Mikitin, son of Boskakov, was the sister of Shemet Ivanov.
So, in 1584-1586, the village of Lipovets, together with the Likhachikha (Endova) wasteland adjacent to the village's possessions and the Klimushi wasteland (Klimushino, not far from), passed into the possession of the Suzdal Bishop's House: “The village of Lipovets, which was formerly behind Ivan behind Boskakov, and in it the court of the lords, and Grigory Kirilov, the son of Samsonov, lives in it”. Soon, the Klimushi wasteland (the territory of the Fryanovsky factory CJSC), the village of Poreevo (Staropareevo) and the villages of Bolohristovo and Ikonnikova (Ikonnikovskaya), which do not exist now, were annexed to the possessions of the Suzdal Bishop's House. The village of Lipovets, being in church possessions, became deserted in the first half - the middle of the 18th century. On the maps of the General Land Survey of 1766-1770, the area belonging to the College of Economy was listed as the Lipovitsa Wasteland.
Gridina (Bravino, Brovkino, Gridkovo)
On the right bank of the Dubenka river, opposite from the beginning XVI century to first half XX century there was a village that does not exist now Gridina. AT XVI century, it was the ancestral patrimony of Ivan Zubov, who came from an old noble family, erected to the Tatar Baskak Amragat (Miragan), who was baptized with the name of Zakharia (Martyn) and became the ancestor of the Zubovs and Boskakovs. The relationship of Ivan Zubov with the Boskakovs is all the more interesting because on the territory of the future Fryanovo in the possession of Ivan Boskakov there was a village Lipovitsy. In addition, the son of Boskakov was the nephew of the clerk Shemet Ivanov and together with him entered into the possession of the future Fryanovo. Information about the life and work of Ivan Zubov has been lost, but it is known that until 1584-86 the village, which had become a wasteland by that time, passed into the possession of his son: “Behind Grigory Ivanov, the son of Zubov, his father’s old estate: a wasteland that was the village of Gridin” .
In 1768, the village of Gridina, called "Bravina" along with its lands, was drawn to the village of Golovino, located on the other side of the Sherenka River (on the map of 1786-1791 - the river "Reshenka"), and was included in the possession of the village of Golovino, state councilor Sergei Ivanovich Protopopov.
D. Brovino on the map 1786-1791
By 1812 the name of the village changed again. The village is called this time "Brovkino". Then the widow of Sergei Ivanovich, Anna Alekseevna Protopopova, already owns it and the village. Around 1816, the owner sells the village to the son of a famous architect, collegiate assessor A.I. Starov, and sells the village of Gridkovo (Brovkino) to Captain Anatoly Sergeevich Vyazemsky, who owned the village at that time. In 1852, 54 serfs lived in seven households in the village of Gridkovo. After the abolition of serfdom, and the redemption of land plots from the owner (1862), there were 8 households and 58 people here. At the end of the century, due to the outflow of the population from the village to work, the number of people living in the village was reduced. Back in 1882, the same number of people lived in the village of Gridkova in 7 houses as 20 years ago, but in 1890 (the same in 1899) only 20 peasants lived in the village. In the same year, 1890, there was a master's yard-estate near the village, which belonged to the hereditary honorary citizen Alexandra Nikolaevna Smirnova.
After the revolution, in 1926, the village of Gridkovo (Gridina) belonged to the Dubrovinsky village council. There were 12 households, 37 people lived here. When the village ceased to exist in these places is not exactly known. Now nothing reminds of it here, and the tireless waves of time have erased the memory that our ancestors once lived and died here, dreamed, worked and loved.
Kopylova (Kopyly)
It is worth mentioning another ancient village that has not survived to this day, which existed back in those days when the current village was a wasteland. Between Mavrino and, a little north of the also not preserved village in XVI century, there was the now defunct village of Kopylova. The name of the village was given by the name of its oldest owner-votchinnik, who could be the Moscow princely posadnik in Pskov, mentioned in 1510 by Yuri Kopyl (Kopylov). Geographically, the village belonged to Vor-Korzenev camp. The village was an old patrimonial possession of the Napolskys, large patrimonial owners of the Kinel district. Until 1573, the unserving son of the boyar Fyodor Teplov Napolsky took the lands of the Mavrinskaya wasteland as rent. "Children of the boyars" in those days were called representatives of the class of landowners from the crushed clans of the boyars or boyar warriors. Until 1584/1586, the village of Kopylova became deserted, and, apparently, after the death of F.T. Napolsky, passed into the possession of his sons: “Behind the undergrowth, behind the Peasant, and behind Ondryushka, behind the Fedorov children of Napolsky, their old father's patrimony of vil. Kopylov, who was formerly behind Fyodor Napolsky, and in it is the yard of the votchinniks ” . In 1596, Andrey Fedorov, the son of Napolskaya, made up the estate land (150 quarters) according to Pereslavl Zalessky. Andrei Fedorovich was listed as an unserved and unemployed "novice", that is, a young man of 15-18 years old, now, in 1596, accepted for military service. Noviki, who received land salaries this year, made up the cadres of figures of the Time of Troubles. Together with him, the son of the owner of the wasteland of Mavrino in 1630, Sidor Elizariev, was also listed in the “ten noviks”.
A century and a half later, in 1768, the wasteland of Kopylov belonged to the owner of the village of Gavrilkovo, Anna Vasilievna Eropkina, and after her passed into the possession of the court adviser Olga Mikhailovna Potresova. In 1852, the wasteland was no longer mentioned.
Lunevo
In the old days, Lunevo was located a little west of the village on the same right bank of the river. Melezhi a little upstream. Unfortunately, there are no documents that could testify to the ancient origin of this lost village. Only its name can tell us about it. Many Lunev nobles who owned estates are known to Russian history from the second half XV century. A certain Filipp Koptev, son of Lunev, was placed in the Moscow region by 250 families of the Ten Noviks of 1596.
Village Lunevo on the map 1786-1791
In 1768, which became the village of Lunevo, was in the possession of Countess Ekaterina Ivanovna Karamysheva (1716-?, nee Tolstoy) - the wife of court adviser Nikolai Fedorovich Karamyshev. Ekaterina Ivanovna was the daughter of Count Ivan Petrovich Tolstoy (1685-1786) and Sofia Sergeyevna Stroganova (1824-1852). Then 40 souls of serfs lived in the village.
In 1812, the wife of the collegiate secretary, the sister of the owner of the neighboring village of Bobry, Anna Karlovna Yanish, owned the village of Lunevo. Sisters Anna and Elizaveta were the daughters of Karl Ivanovich Janish (1776-1853), a professor of medicine, one of the first rectors of the Yaroslavl Demidov School of Higher Sciences, a popularizer of the chemical theory of light. During the invasion of Napoleon, Anna Karlovna provided 16 warriors from the serfs of the village of Lunevo to the militia. In the second quarter XIX century Lunevo falls into disrepair and merges with the village of Bobry. On Schubert's map, it is already referred to as "the village of Beavers (Lunevo)". In 1852, the village was no longer mentioned.
Bolohrystovo
In the second half XVI century, not far from Staropareev, in the interfluve of Shirenka and Kilenka, there was an ancient patrimonial village that does not exist now, which bore the rather strange name Bolohrystovo. In Sreznevsky's dictionary, the first part - "Bolo" is the root of the Old Slavic word " Bologo" - "good". Such a name of the village, indicated in the documents of 1573-1586, can indirectly testify to the antiquity of the village and the etymology of its name "Good (good) - Christ's", dating back to XV century.
In the second quarter XVI owned the village for centuries Semyon Petelin, who came from an old family of Pereyaslav estates who served the Moscow princes from the time of Grand Duke Ivan Kalita. The most famous of the clerks of the Petelin family was the clerk of the Order of the Grand Palace (1578) - Druzhina Foma Panteleevich Petelin, who, according to the recall of the English diplomat Giles Fletcher, was “a very remarkable person among the natives in intelligence and quickness in political affairs ». Someone Ivan Petelin in 1450 owned villages and villages in the Kinel volost, located northeast of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery along the Pereyaslav (Trinity) road. The descendants of the Petelins - service people Yakov and Vaska are mentioned in the documents of the Time of Troubles. It is only known for certain that Semyon Petelin left no heirs and handed over the village of Bolohristovo by inheritance to his daughter "Mashka Semyon's daughter Petelin", who owned it for the most part, until 1584, when, as an escheated fiefdom, the village of Bolohristovo became the property of the state and entered the state local distribution.
The rich rural economy, which emerged from the estates into the estate, was a tasty morsel for any service person of those years. Already in 1584-1586, the village of Bolohristovo was divided in two between the local owners: Ivan Olekseev son of Ugrimov and brothers Bokhteyar and Kazarin Mikitinov. According to the records: “Behind Bokhteyar, behind Mikitin’s son, behind the lattice clerk, and behind his brother, behind Kazarin: the floor of the Bolohristovs’ village, which was behind Mashka, after Semenov’s daughter Petelin, is in the patrimony, and in it is the yard of estates, the Makhteyarovs and Kazarinov business people live in it” . The names of the brothers testify to their Tatar origin. The Crimean Tatars, who switched to the Russian service and converted to Orthodoxy, were allocated land in these places at the direction of the head
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