There are 3 types of sentences based on the purpose of the statement. Types of sentences based on intonation and the purpose of the statement

Lesson topic: “Types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement.”

When communicating with each other, we speak or write not just like that, but for some reason, with some reason. purpose. Sometimes we want to report about any facts, events, phenomena. So I told you the topic of the lesson.

Sometimes we want to get some information from our interlocutor, ask about something. I can ask you a question: “Are you prepared for the lesson?”

And once upon a time we encourage to do something: we ask, we offer, we advise, we demand. I can advise you: “Be careful.”

That's why the proposals we build are different by purpose sayings: narrative, interrogative or incentive.

Let's read the dialogue, that is, a conversation between two people. Let's try to explain why, for what purpose these proposals were said.

“Mom!.. Mom!..” I screamed as loud as I could.

- “A-ma-ma-ma-ma-a-a-a-!” - as if someone in the distance was mimicking me.

-Why are you shouting? What's happened?

-I thought you were far away! - I immediately calmed down, I answered. -There's someone teasing you in the forest.

-Who's teasing?

-Don't know. I scream - and so does he. Listen here: Aw! Aw!

- “Aw! Aw! Aw!” - echoed from the distance of the forest.

-But it’s an echo!(According to G. Skrebitsky)

Mom asks her son questions:

-Why are you shouting? What's happened? Who's teasing?

This interrogative offers.

The boy tells her:

- I thought you were far away! There's someone teasing you in the forest. Don't know. I scream - and so does he. Why, it's an echo!

Sentences in which we want to tell something, we narrate about something are narrative offers.

Let's find a sentence in which the son asks his mother, encourages him to do something.

- Listen here…

This incentive offer.

Let me explain the term “incentive offer”. Wake up- help to wake up (hence the word alarm), which means starting to act; motivation- a push to action, that’s why they called it proposals motivating.

Incentive sentences can express advice, request, suggestion, wish, demand.

Arrange the sentences in this order: 1) advice, 2) request, 3) proposal, 4) wish, 5) demand.

Please call Sasha to the phone. (Request)

Don't drum your fingers on the table! (Requirement)

Be kind! (Wish)

Let's play hide and seek. (Offer)

You better get up early in the morning. (Advice)

A requirement can always be turned into a request if you add one magic word: Don't drum your fingers on the table, please. Please don't drum your fingers on the table. Word Please separated by commas.

Have you noticed that some sentences have an exclamation point at the end?

Proposals differ not only in why, for what purpose we say, but also because How we do this: calmly or with a special feeling. Declarative, interrogative and incentive sentences can be pronounced with different intonation.

Sentences in which feelings are noticeably expressed (joy, delight, fear, surprise, grief, annoyance) are pronounced with an exclamatory intonation. This is what they are called: exclamation marks.

Sentences in which feelings are not expressed or emphasized are given the name: non-exclamatory.

An exclamation point is placed at the end of exclamatory sentences.

If you want, remember: dividing sentences by intonation can be called differently: by emotional coloring.

Read the sentences. How do you see the proposals differing in each group? (These sentences are different in intonation.) Let's read the sentences as required by the signs. Let's determine what each of the sentences is by purpose and intonation.

1. It turned out to be a good snowman.

It turned out to be a good snowman!

2. What's going on here?

What's going on here?!

3. Don't quarrel, don't offend each other.

Don't quarrel, don't offend each other!

1. The purpose of these sentences is narrative, as they report that the snowman turned out to be good. In terms of intonation, the first sentence is non-exclamatory, and the second is exclamatory, expressing joy.

It turned out to be a good snowman. (Narrative, non-narrative)

It turned out to be a good snowman! (Narration, exc.)

2. The purpose of these sentences is interrogative, as they ask questions. In terms of intonation, the first sentence is non-exclamatory, and the second is exclamatory, pronounced with a special feeling.

What's going on here? (Question, unanswered)

What's going on here?! (Question, exc.)

3. These sentences are motivating in purpose; they encourage us not to quarrel and not to offend each other. In terms of intonation, the first sentence is non-exclamatory, and the second is exclamatory.

Don't quarrel, don't offend each other. (Encouragement, non-excitement)

Don't quarrel, don't offend each other! (Provoke, exclaim)

In interrogative sentences we often use special question words: who, what, whose, whom, what, how many, which, how, why, why, where, where, where, whence and others.

Who lives in a drop of river water?

Why is it hot in summer and cold in winter?

What happens if insects disappear?

What is the most predatory animal in the world?

Where and how is snow born?

Where does dew on grass come from?

An interrogative sentence can be a heading in a text.

What kind of purpose and intonation can the sentences indicated by such schemes have?

What does each sign say about intonation?

In terms of intonation, the first sentence is non-exclamatory, and the second and third are exclamatory.

What does each sign say about the goal?

The question mark accurately suggests the purpose of the sentence. The third sentence is interrogative.

Each of the first two goal sentences can be narrative or incentive.

Let's read the dialogue and determine which sentences fit the diagrams.

- What noise!

- Don't be afraid of me, hare. I'm a hedgehog.

- Why did you make such a noise?!

- Is it really my fault?! These are the leaves rustling under my paws.(According to E. Shim)

- What a noise!(2 scheme: narrative, exclamatory)

- Don't be afraid of me, hare. (1 scheme: incentive, non-exclamatory)

I'm a hedgehog. (1 scheme: narrative, non-exclamatory)

- Why did you make such a noise?!

- Is it really my fault?!(3 scheme: interrogative, exclamation)

These are the leaves rustling under my paws.(1 scheme: narrative, non-exclamatory)

Practice. Read the text. Find interrogative, declarative, incentive sentences.

Do you know who I am? I am the lord of the birds. If I want, the birds themselves will fly to me. You will ask why? Because I have a magic shelf.

Make yourself a magic shelf too. Place a piece of lard or a bunch of rowan berries on it. Birds will fly to you every day. ( According to N. Sladkov)

Interrogative sentences: Do you know who I am? You will ask why?

Narrative: I am the lord of the birds. If I want, the birds themselves will fly to me. Because I have a magic shelf. Birds will fly to you every day.

Incentives: Make yourself a magic shelf too. Place a piece of lard or a bunch of rowan berries on it.

Now you know that there is a proposal

1)by purpose: narrative, interrogative or incentive;

2) by intonation: exclamation or non-exclamation.

A narrative sentence is a sentence in which we want to tell something, we talk about something.

An interrogative sentence asks a question.

An incentive offer encourages action.

1. M.S. Soloveychik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Textbook. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
2. M.S. Soloveychik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Workbook. 3rd grade: in 3 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
3. T. V. Koreshkova Test tasks in the Russian language. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
4. T.V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in the Russian language for 3rd grade: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
5. L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya Creative tasks in the Russian language. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2003
6. G.T. Dyachkova Olympiad tasks in Russian. 3-4 grades. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008

1. School-collection.edu.ru ().
2. School-collection.edu.ru ().
3. Social network of educators Nsportal.ru ().

• Make up narrative, interrogative and incentive sentences from the words: “Children, read, interesting, books, library, in.”
• Read it. What signs will you put at the end of each sentence? To answer this question, determine what kind of sentences these are by the purpose of the statement and by intonation.

Do you want to know a curious thing? A rhinoceros doesn’t have horns. You were surprised. What then is on his nose? The hairs have grown together very tightly and formed a hard tuft on his nose.

(According to V.Volina)

• Find incentive sentences in the text. Complete the tasks given in the incentive sentences.

Winter is coming soon. It will snow. Do you know the “snow” words: crust, powder, drifting snow? Can you explain their meaning? Make a dictionary of “snow” words. Explain the meaning of the words crust and powder. Make a sentence with the word drifting snow.

(According to N. Nadezhdina)

A sentence is a speech unit, which is a collection of interconnected words. It contains a certain message of information, a question, or encourages some action. 3rd grade is the time from which the study of this section begins at school. Let's consider what sentences there are regarding intonation and the purpose of the statement in our language, and give examples.

Types of sentences by intonation

The following types of sentences are distinguished by intonation. According to the emotional coloring, statements can be exclamatory or non-exclamatory. The choice of one type or another depends on the emotional state of the speaker. The most common ones are non-exclamation ones. They are pronounced moderately, in a calm state. Most often it is a story.

Types of sentences by intonation

A non-exclamatory statement might look like this:

1. Sitting at the computer for too long is bad for your health: try to get up from your desk more often and do physical exercise.
2. A tired puppy, after long games, fell asleep right on the child’s lap.
3. Yesterday's hurricane was so bad that it knocked down a tall nearby tree, which broke a window when it fell.

A non-exclamatory sentence, examples of which are given above, in rare cases may have an interrogative or even motivating intonation (example: Let the children go to bed, while I sit).

Exclamatory sentences (examples are presented below) convey the emotionality and feelings of the speaker. Exclamatory statements usually represent an incentive.

1. You've finally arrived!
2. Be careful!
3. What interesting news I will tell you now!

Exclamation phrases are pronounced in a special way. The speaker raises his voice and emphasizes words that express his feelings and emotions.

Groups according to the purpose of the statement

There are three types of phrases based on the purpose of the statement, each of which has its own features and characteristics:

• narrative;
• motivation;
• question.

Types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement

Narrative

The purpose of the message is to inform about a certain event or phenomenon. The speaker, by choosing such speech means, conveys certain information to the interlocutor. A statement of fact is a declarative sentence.

1. According to statistics, USE results across the country are improving every year, which can also be said about the quality of education in each subject.
2. The weather in some regions of Russia remains windy and rainy throughout the summer months.
3. Two new hospitals were built in our city, as well as one veterinary clinic.

In oral speech, such a statement is pronounced evenly and calmly. On one of its members the voice rises, and towards the end it lowers. At the end there is a period or exclamation point.

Note! All texts are based specifically on narrative statements. In this regard, the latter are much more common than prompts and questions.

Declarative phrases have several features.

1. They can be non-common (only the main members) and common (the main members plus minor ones). Examples: Father returned. He brought with him a small puppy.
2. The structure can be two-part or one-part. In two-part ones there are two main members, in one-part ones there is only one. Examples: The cat lazily opened his eyes and stretched. There was a knock on the door.
3. The phrases under consideration are divided into simple and complex. Simple ones consist of one grammatical stem, complex ones - of two or more. Example: A child sadly bent over a textbook. The sun is scorching outside, and the voices of children playing football can be heard.

What are declarative sentences

Incentive speech

The impulse expresses a certain expression of the will of the speaker. It is pronounced so that the addressee (the one who is addressed) performs some action that the addressee (the one who makes the speech) requires of him. Inducement is used in cases where the speaker expresses his wishes regarding something, orders or asks.

Also, motivation tasks in some cases are achieved through the use of special particles “come on”, “let” and forms of the imperative mood of predicates.

1. Get ready and go out immediately, otherwise we will be late for the airport!
2. Meet me in the evening, please, I'll be staying late at work today.
3. May I never hear such words from you again!

Examples of incentive offers

Question

Through interrogative sentences, the speaker wants to obtain some information that he does not possess.

There are two types of structures under consideration.

1. General question: asked in order to obtain confirmation of some information or its denial. A monosyllabic answer can be given to such a question: “yes”, “no”. Examples: Have you completed your homework? Did you see your neighbor yesterday? Was it still light when you returned home last night?
2. Private question: asked in order to obtain information about a phenomenon, event, person. It is impossible to give a monosyllabic answer to such a question. Examples: Why were you so late today? What do you feed your pet? For what reason does he not want to talk to me?

The characteristic of a question in oral speech is a special intonation, in writing - a question mark after the end of the phrase.

Punctuation at the end of a sentence

The structure of the question looks like this: the question word comes first, and then the rest of the words related to the topic of speech.

Interesting Facts:

1. At the end of a question there can be two punctuation marks - a question mark and an exclamation mark (example: How could you be so inattentive?!);
2. Three exclamation marks in a row are placed if the degree of emotionality is particularly high (Example: Brake, there is a pedestrian ahead!!!).

Helpful advice! When using punctuation marks, maintain a sense of proportion, especially in online communication. Written phrases with a lot of exclamation marks cause irritation, and users try to ignore them.

We looked at what sentences there are based on intonation and into what groups they are divided according to the purpose of the statement.

Based on their emotional coloring, sentences are divided into exclamatory and non-exclamatory, which depends on the state of mind and emotions of the speaker. Non-exclamatory phrases most often represent narration, but in exceptional cases they represent incentives.

Useful video: types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement

Conclusion

The types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement are as follows: narrative, motivation and question. The first type is the most common: it is on it that most texts are based. Each type of statement has its own characteristics and characteristics.

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Some people don't know how to correctly punctuate a text or even a simple sentence. And very often they laugh at such people, point out their mistakes (in writing, in official documents, in comments on social networks, etc.).

Types of sentences by intonation

Sentences highlighted by intonation are of non-exclamatory and exclamatory types. Mostly there are sentences of the first type. These are declarative sentences, motivating. For example: Please take some potatoes with you. The pleasant smell of autumn made my soul sing. Mom told me to buy bread and newspaper.

The second type involves a special pronunciation of the text, with the tone and feeling, the bright coloring of an exclamation. An example would be the following sentences: How great it is to be at sea! Wow! Beauty! Give her the paints immediately!

Suggestions for the purpose of the statement

There are three subtypes here:

• narrative;
• interrogative;
• incentive.

The first include sentences that either deny something or talk about something. They usually end with an ellipsis, period, or exclamation point. Let's look at examples:

• I love the sea. However, I don't want to go there in the heat.
• It's getting dark.
• It seems it has become dark...
• Oh, morning has come!

With narrative intonation, the narrator raises the tone at the beginning of the sentence and lowers it at the end.

Interrogatives include both rhetorical and ordinary sentences. At the end of each there is a question mark. Examples: When will you clean the room? What's happening? How are things going with the bank? Can you give me the disk today?

Intonationally, such sentences are expressed by the narrator by raising his voice at the end of the sentence or at the question itself.

The third type of offers is incentive. They usually end with a period or an exclamation point and contain advice, a request or appeal, motivation, demand, order and the like. For example: Bring me an orange, please. Do some aerobics. Do not sleep! Valya, put things back!

When such sentences are used, the narrator raises his tone.

Since the Russian language is rich and multifaceted, there are situations when it is difficult to understand what is meant and where exactly it is necessary to place punctuation marks. But if you want to be a multi-literate person, you need to know the rules of the Russian language and be able to operate with them.

A sentence is a speech unit that combines several words related to each other. Each such construction has a specific meaning and intonation. There are several types of sentence intonation. They can also end accordingly using different punctuation marks. What are the suggestions for the purpose of the statement and intonation?

Sentences based on the purpose of the statement are divided into narrative, interrogative, and incentive. Each of them has its own characteristics, which should be examined in more detail.

Narration

Narrative constructions are the most frequently used sentences based on the purpose of the statement and intonation. Their goal is to convey information that is affirmed or, conversely, denied.

This design has a complete thought, which is conveyed using a certain tone. The characteristic of this type is that the person emphasizes the main word in a louder voice, and ends the statement in a low and calm tone.

This type occurs constantly in people’s speech. For example, when a child tells his peers: “Today my mother gave me a toy,” “I watched an interesting cartoon yesterday,” and so on.

Question

Constructions can also be interrogative. They are necessary in order to ask, to find out something from the interlocutor. What are the question type sentences? Such designs are divided into the following types:

• Generally interrogative, the purpose of which is to obtain confirmation or denial of certain information. The answer to them can be monosyllabic, simply “yes” or “no.” Example: “Igor was at work yesterday?”, “Do you have bread?”
• Private interrogatives, whose task is to obtain new information about a person, event, action, and so on. For example, “What time will the car arrive?”, “Who will be on duty today?”, “What weather is expected tomorrow?”.

A special intonation, which is used in oral speech, as well as a question mark used by a person in writing, helps to achieve the goals set for interrogative phrases. Question words also play an important role: Who? Why? When?, particles: really, really.

Also, such constructions are built in a certain order, first the question word is put, then all the other words, for example, “What time will you go to the cinema?”

Inducement

Suggestions regarding the purpose of the statement and intonation can also be motivating. Such designs involve some expression of human will. The purpose of such a phrase is to encourage another person to take some action.

Such a goal sentence is used when a person asks for something, orders something, or talks about his wishes to another person.

The objectives of an incentive sentence can be achieved through the use of a certain intonation, the form of the imperative mood of the predicates and some particles, for example, such as “let”, “come on”.

Types of phrases by intonation

Now it’s clear what kinds of sentences there are based on the purpose of the statement, and what kind of sentences there are based on intonation?

Based on intonation, sentences are divided into several types depending on the emotionality of the statement. The speaker can pronounce phrases calmly, or perhaps emotionally, accordingly changing the volume and pace of his speech, as well as placing different stresses in the vocabulary structure. Therefore, according to the intonation of sentences, there are exclamatory and non-exclamatory ones.

Non-exclamation

These types of intonation sentences occur every day and are used most often. To pronounce them, you do not need to show emotion and feelings; you can speak moderately and calmly. Usually such a construction is a narrative, a question, in rare cases - an incentive. (“I went to the cinema with my girlfriend yesterday.”).

Exclamation marks

These types of emotional sentences, on the contrary, express feelings and convey emotions. They are pronounced in a special tone, often in a loud voice. In most cases, these types of intonation sentences are used in phrases that encourage something. (“Drive slowly, the road is icy!”).

What signs end different types of phrases in written speech?

Types of sentences by intonation and purpose are highlighted in writing in different ways. It is punctuation that allows a person to understand what speech structures, by purpose and intonation, are on paper or the screen of an electronic device in front of him.

You need to know the following punctuation rules:

• A narrative non-exclamatory phrase ends with a period. (“The long-awaited summer has come”).
• An interrogative non-exclamation construction ends with a question mark. (“When will your dad come home from work?”).
• An incentive non-exclamatory phrase requires a period at the end. (“Stop being capricious and eat.”).
• A declarative exclamatory statement ends with an exclamation mark. (“I feel so good today!”).
• The interrogative exclamation structure ends with two marks - a question mark and an exclamation mark. (“Can I go mushroom picking too?!”).
• An exclamatory statement must end with an exclamation mark. (“For the faint of heart, please leave the audience!”).

When the types of sentences expressed are especially emotional, you can put several exclamation marks at once. (“Caution, there’s a cliff ahead!!!”).

If the construction has the effect of incompleteness, then it is necessary to put an ellipsis at the end of the statement. ("I'm really sorry…").

Now it’s clear what sentences there are based on intonation and purpose. It is important to know their features so that your statements are correctly perceived by people around you, both orally and in writing.

A sentence is the smallest unit of speech that contains a complete thought, consists of two main members or one. They have a communicative function. Emotional coloring makes speech more expressive. In order to correctly read and pronounce a text and correctly place punctuation marks in a letter, you need to determine its type by the purpose of the statement and by intonation, that is, by semantic coloring.

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Classmates

Classification by purpose of utterance

There are offers:

• narrative;
• interrogative;
• incentive.

This is the largest group in the Russian language. They convey a complete thought and are pronounced in a calm tone. The main word according to logic is said in a raised tone, towards the end the tone decreases, and a period is put.

Examples:

1. There is very little time left before the holiday.
2. Good work deserves respect.
3. Winter. Snow. Sunny and frosty.
4. We ran around, walked around, got tired.

Declarative sentences contain:

Interrogative sentences

• Example. When are we going to visit tomorrow?
• If we focus on the word When, then the answer will be: Right after breakfast.
• If we select a word on a visit, then the answer will be: We'll go visit when we're free.

Question words, particles or adverbs are also used: what, where, when, why, why, really, really, how, which.

Task: find out information, ask about the event, find out the circumstances of the action, interrogate and torture.

Rhetorical questions do not require an answer. They are used for emotional coloring of speech. For example, “Can I forget you, my beloved land?”

Incentive offers

The goal is the speaker’s desire to force, call upon, induce a person or people to action. This desire is expressed by incentive intonation, the use of particles, interjections, and verb forms.

Examples:

• Write down your homework.
• Go get some water.
• Let's run a race.
• Don't you dare contradict me.

Incentives contain a request, an order, a plea.

According to their emotional coloring, there are non-exclamatory and exclamatory ones.

Most are classified as non-exclamatory. They are pronounced in a neutral tone, calmly, without emotion. Examples:

• The school year is ending.
• Swallows fly low before the rain.
• I love the Fatherland.

There is a period at the end. A literate person must be able to correctly figure out the type of sentence, read it with the right intonation and put the necessary punctuation mark.

Exclamatory sentences convey unusual excitement, high feelings and the emotional state of the speaker. They are pronounced loudly and with a rising tone at the end, or those words that convey the speaker’s emotions are emphasized by raising the voice.

Examples:

• Holiday is coming! There will be a Christmas tree! Santa Claus is coming!
• Wait! Don't go!

They put an exclamation point at the end. Sometimes, if they want to emphasize the strength of their emotions, they put 2 or even three exclamation marks at once. For example, “Don’t you dare forget me!!! Never!!!"

Strong emotions are conveyed:

• intonation expressing all human feelings: anger, hatred, love, delight, admiration, indignation, disgust;
• interjections: uh, ah, oh, eh;
• particles: yes, let it be, oh, well.

Examples:

• What beauty all around!
• How amazing! Hooray! I went to university!
• Wow! Oh you! We are all astronauts!
• Long live our union!

In the lower grades of school, students gain knowledge about sentences and what types they are divided into. In 3rd grade they teach lessons on this topic. Junior schoolchildren gain knowledge that a sentence consists of main members and differ in the purpose of the statement and intonation:

To consolidate the information received, students complete special tasks. Then they repeat their knowledge from the table about the types of sentences and punctuation marks for them.

At the end of interrogatives there is a question mark, at the end of exclamation marks - an exclamation mark, at the end of narrative and motivating ones there is a period (exclamation mark).

The ability to determine types of sentences by the purpose of the statement and by intonation makes it possible to be a literate person, use punctuation marks correctly and read written words expressively. The emotional coloring of speech is important when writing public speeches, in debates, and in literary texts.