Whether the city of the Volga. Why doesn't the Volga actually flow into the Caspian Sea?

From the eastern side of the Ural Mountains and to the Caspian through the East European Plain, the mighty Russian river Volga, one of the largest rivers in the world, carries its waters. Its source is located at Volgoverkhovye at an altitude of about 230 m above sea level. Absorbing more than 150 thousand tributaries, it turns into a full-flowing powerful river with a basin area from the Valdai Upland to the Caspian Sea of more than 1350 thousand square meters. m. Conventionally, it is divided into three sections. The Upper Volga from the source to the mouth of the Oka carries its waters through forests, the Middle Volga from the Oka to the mouth of the Kama flows through the forest-steppe zone. The route of the lower Volga is from the Kama through the steppe and semi-desert to the Caspian Sea. The bottom of the river is mostly silty or sandy, with pebbles on the riffles.

The flora and fauna of the river is diverse. This is especially pronounced in the Lower Volga, where the unique Arkhangelsk Reserve is located, with more than 1450 species of insects, about 50 species of fish, more than 30 mammals, more than 200 species of birds, more than 920 plant varieties, most of which are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. Here you can meet white-tailed eagle, pelican, seal. Of the fish, there are pike, sturgeon, burbot, catfish, beluga and many other species.

Volga on a map of Russia with cities

The Volga is of great economic importance, it is not only the largest, but also Europe. Since more than 50 species of commercial fish are found in it, fish farming is developed on the river. Shipping was formed, making it possible to transport not only passengers, but also industrial and food products. Many hydroelectric power plants, state district power plants, etc. have been built on the Volga, which makes it possible to provide electricity not only to the Volga region, but also to most of the Russian Federation. Industry, science and sports are well developed. Organized tourist cruises. More than 60 cities have been built here, 4 of which have a population of more than 1 million people. These are N.Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Volgograd.

List of cities on the Volga from the source by region
Tver region	Rzhev, Zubtsov, Staritsa, Tver, Konakovo, Kimry, Kalyazin
Moscow region	Dubna
Yaroslavskaya oblast	Uglich, Myshkin, Rybinsk, Tutaev, Yaroslavl
Kostroma region	Kostroma, Volgorechensk
Ivanovo region	Ples, Navoloki, Kineshma, Zavolzhsk, Yuryevets, Puchezh
Nizhny Novgorod Region	Chkalovsk, Zavolzhye, Gorodets, Balakhna, Nizhny Novgorod, Bor, Kstovo, Lyskovo
Mari El Republic	Kozmodemyansk, Zvenigovo, Volzhsk
Chuvash Republic	Cheboksary, Novocheboksarsk, Mariinsky Posad, Kozlovka
Republic of Tatarstan	Zelenodolsk, Kazan, Bolgar, Tetyushi
Ulyanovsk region	Ulyanovsk, Novoulyanovsk, Sengiley, Dimitrovgrad
Samara Region	Tolyatti, Zhigulevsk, Samara, Novokuibyshevsk, Oktyabrsk, Syzran
Saratov region	Khvalynsk, Balakovo, Volsk, Marx, Saratov, Engels
Volgograd region	Kamyshin, Nikolaevsk, Dubovka, Volzhsky, Volgograd, Krasnoslobodsk
Astrakhan region	Akhtubinsk, Narimanov, Astrakhan

Cities on the Volga list by stream

Dubna is a unique city thanks to the only "Center of Europe" sign, which indicates the distance to the cities of the world equally distant from Dubna. In addition, there are many monuments and busts dedicated to scientists - nuclear physicists; monument to V. Vysotsky; monuments of military and rocket technology. Of interest are 4 Orthodox churches. The city is famous for its ferry crossing No. 1, a beautiful beach on the Moscow Sea, fishing, water sports. You can go on a yacht. In the center there are numerous shops, cafes, a children's park.
Uglich is a rather old and attractive city, where new museums, monuments, summer cafes, and attractions appear due to tourism. But the attraction is still numerous temples, such as the Holy Transfiguration Cathedral, the Church of Tsarevich Dmitry, the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist, etc. There are many unique museums in the city: a museum of prison art; Russian vodka; myths and superstitions of the Russian people, etc.
Myshkin is an old small town of the 15th century. The main direction of its development is tourism, so most of the local population is employed in this area. For tourists, the temple, estates of the 19th century, the unique Mouse Museum and 5 more museums are of interest. There is a pottery workshop and other folk crafts. Various festivals are constantly held. Guests of the city are welcomed by new hotels and guest houses, several cafes and restaurants.
Rybinsk is a beautiful big city in the northernmost point of the Volga. Here, the bell tower of the Transfiguration Cathedral, built in the 18th century, is of interest. Next to it is a cross over the grave of the cathedral archpriest Rodion Putyatin. A little further - the New and Old Grain Exchanges (1806-1811), now they house the River Station. In the building of the New Exchange, decorated with tiles, the Rybinsk State historical-architectural and art museum-reserve.
Tutaev - an ancient city (1419) is interesting for tourists to visit the Park of the Soviet period, as here you can admire the details of the USSR period, and go skiing, mountain climbing, snowboarding; in summer - rafting on plastic boats, sailing on a yacht. For thrill-seekers - in the sports complex "Ercog" rope town "Avatar" or paragliding. Love Russian or Caucasian cuisine - the restaurant "Imperium"; for lovers of Japanese cuisine - cafe "Yaponchik". In your free time, visit the Resurrection Cathedral, the Estate of the Zatsepin nobles and 2-3 other museums.
Yaroslavl - an ancient big city (founded in 1010) - an important automobile, railway and shipping hub, stands at the confluence of 2 rivers. The machine and shipbuilding, car repair, and light industries are well developed. There are 2055 outlets. A large scientific center - there are many research institutes and design institutes, State. University. Tourism is well developed. Interesting to visit the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery, the Church of St. John Chrysostom, several churches and museums.
Kostroma is famous for its history of the 18th – 19th centuries. Here, in addition to the Epiphany Convent and the Church of the Savior, there are a number of memorable historical places (Trading stalls, old buildings with wooden carvings, etc.). Heavy and light industry is developed, there are many woodworking enterprises; food industry enterprises. The city is also famous for a number of jewelry factories: KUZ, Alkor, Topaz and 5 more jewelry enterprises.
Volgorechensk is a city of industry and electronics. Here is the Kostroma State District Power Plant, which runs on natural gas, as well as a number of construction and fishing industries. Tourists are interested in the Church of St. Tikhon Lukhsky, the sculpture of Prometheus, a visit to the local history museum, and a number of other memorable places.
Ples is a cute old town, osn. in 1141 Now it is a resort city, there are recreation centers, tourist bases, hospitals, sanatoriums, boarding houses. In winter - ski rental; in summer - excursions along the Volga. There are many historical places: the Trinity Church, the Church of St. Barbara, etc., a number of museums. It is interesting to look at the "Tree of Love" - 2 pines with a fused branch.
Navoloki - a pier on the right bank. Main in the 80s of the XIX century. In the form of a village at a textile factory. In 1938 received city status. The main enterprises - cotton plant "Privolzhskaya Kommuna"; Sewing factory. Interesting Historical Museum, art gallery.
Kineshma is famous for the most beautiful boulevard on the Volga - Volzhsky Boulevard, on which a number of historical monuments of the 18th century are located. There are many churches and other architectural monuments and museums in the city. For recreation there are numerous parks, tourism, fishing, competitions in water sports are organized.
Yuryevets is a small cozy ecologically clean town, lost in pine and birch forests on the right bank of the Volga. Nature is rich in mushrooms, berries; For lovers of fishing - a river with tributaries. Of the enterprises here are "Sewing Factory", "Omega", "Krivin A.V.", TPK "Storm". Lots of shops, cafes, restaurants. There are a number of museums and other historical places
Puchezh is a city with a developed light and food industry. The enterprises of folk craft "Rishelieu", "Naris", "Istoki", which are engaged in Russian embroidery, stand out in particular. There are a number of churches in the city: the Church of Seraphim of Sarov, the Church of St. George the Victorious, etc. The monuments of the times of the USSR are interesting to visit: the memorial complex to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War; "Embroiderer", etc.
Chkalovsk - formerly Vasileva Sloboda. The settlement was so named in honor of Vasily Yuryevich - the son of Prince Dolgoruky - the foundations. His XII century. Renamed in 1937. There are several large enterprises here (Chkalov shipyard, garment factory, etc.). In the suburbs is the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior. There are many monuments of museums in the city (MUK "Regional center of crafts", a monument to V.P. Chkalov, etc.)
Zavolzhye is a cozy town near the Gorky reservoir. The main attraction is the Nizhny Novgorod hydroelectric power station built in 1955. In addition, the Church of the Holy Trinity, the monument to Yuri Gagarin, the Museum of the History of the City, and several other monuments.
Gorodets is an ancient city known for its unique monument of the 12th century. - Gorodetsky earthen rampart. Subsequently, several Orthodox churches, the Museum of Local Lore, and the Museum of Samovars were built here. Shipbuilding is successfully developing here. But the city became famous for its famous Gorodets gingerbread and wood carvings.
Balakhna is famous for its archaeological find - the site of the hunting and fishing tribes of the Neolithic culture. The hipped-roof Nikolskaya (!552), Trinity (1748) and other ancient churches have been preserved. There are Balakhna local lore and local lore (in the Church of the Intercession) museums. Production: Pravdinsky plant of radio relay equipment, a number of factories and enterprises of meat and dairy products
Nizhny Novgorod is a metropolis with a population of 1,254,595 people. Large industrial Russia, scientific and cultural center: more than 50 universities, including 6 universities, 4 academies; exhibition galleries, gyms and stadiums; Nizhny Novgorod Circus, Planetarium, Limpopo Zoo; theaters of Comedy, Opera and Ballet, Drama Theatre; numerous recreation parks. The ancient Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin (built in 1508 - 1515) will tell about the history of the city, on the territory of which and next to it there are a number of churches and other historical monuments. At the beginning of the Chkalov Stairs there is a boat "Hero" - a participant in the Civil War of 1918-19. In general, there are many churches, temples, and other historical monuments throughout the city. Lots of cafes, restaurants. The city is often visited by tourists.
Bor is a cozy dacha and industrial town. Heavy, woodworking, food industries are developed: the Bortomash, Borsky Pipe Plant, forestry, Borsky Dairy Plant, etc. In 2012, a cable car was built - the most convenient way to cross to Nizhny Novgorod.
Kstovo is a relatively young (founded in 1957) city with a well-developed industry. The main enterprise is Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez LLC, one of the largest oil refineries in Russia. More than 15 churches have been restored in the city, including the Temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, etc. The World Sambo Academy sports complex, the Puppet Theater have been opened, and there are a number of modern monuments.
Lyskovo is a small town on the banks of the Cheboksary reservoir. Industry: JSC LETZ, JSC LMFZ; several food and light industry enterprises. Remarkable Mrs. Museum of local lore, architecture: Five-domed Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral (1711), Ascension Church (1838)
Kozmodemyansk - main. in 1583 as a prison, the status of the city since 1609. Production: a number of light and food industries, the main of which is JSC "Kopir". There are several museums: Local Lore Museum. N.V. Ignatieva and others. In the center there are many historical houses of wealthy merchants, the chapel "Streletskaya Tower" (1696)
Zvenigovo - the village of the main. in 1860. Since 1974 - the status of the city. Economics: Shipbuilding-repair plant; timber industry, a number of chemical plants. industry; MUSHP "Sovkhoz Zvenigovsky". From attractions: Central Boulevard and a small copy of the Eiffel Tower.
Volzhsk, formerly the village of Lopatino, has been known since the 16th century. Since 1940 - the status of the city and the name of Volzhsk. Economy: large combines, factories (CJSC "Ariadna", Russian-Italian joint venture "Sovitalprodmash", etc.), State Unitary Enterprise "Volzhskaya Poultry Farm". 4 universities: Volga branches of KSTU. A.N. Tupolev, KSTU, MSTU, RAP. The city has many monuments and busts to A.S. Pushkin, V.I. Lenin, the Monument to the Fallen Warriors. There are many parks and squares (“Oak Grove”, Victory Park, Ariadna Square, etc.). Every year the city hosts the International Music Festival. festival them. An.Baranova "Mimikabo"
Cheboksary - main. in the XIII-XIV centuries. Green city with beautiful squares, monuments, museums, restored churches, wide squares. Large administrative, industrial, cultural and scientific center. More than a dozen groves and alleys. Object of federal significance Cheb. Botanical Garden, Pine Culture Park 1903, etc. Forest. massifs and groves. More than 20 museums, 5 theaters. The pride of the city is the monument "Patron Mother" vys. 46 m. In the city there is the Vvedensky Cathedral, the Assumption Church. The Cheboksary Aggregate Plant, Textilmash and others are operating. Electricity: Chuvashenergo; defense: NPO them. V.I.Chapaeva.
Novocheboksarsk is a young city with Cheboksarskaya HPP, Novocheboksarskaya CHPP-3 and several plants and factories. The Novocheboksarsky sports complex, the Khimik Palace of Culture, the School of Arts were built. There are two museums - Local Lore and Art.
Mariinsky Posad is a green city with flowering streets and gardens, white-stone churches visible from the Sovereign Mountain, at the foot of which there are many healing springs. The city center is an architectural monument of the 17th-19th centuries. A province untouched in the 20th century There are many churches here: the Trinity Cathedral, the Church of the Kazan Mother of God, etc. There is a memorial complex of the pilot-cosmonaut A.G. Nikolaev and 5 more museums, 3 galleries, an arboretum. There are a lot of edible mushrooms and berries in the forest. A hunting society is open, commercial fishing is underway; trade and folk crafts are developed (wicker weaving, embroidery, woodcarving, etc.) For tourists - hotels, boarding houses, sanitary institutions, tourist bases, etc. Auto and river communications are developed.
Kozlovka (1671) - a pier. Industry: LLC "Kozlovsky van plant", food and light industry enterprises, metal products plant. There are many schools in the city, scientific and arr. center of ChGU, music-, art-sports schools; 4 libraries, cinema and many museums; Kazan Bogoroditskaya Church
Zelenodolsk is a small city (about 38 sq. km) in which the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant and 14 other industrial facilities are located. enterprise There is a large transport interchange, next to it is a ferry crossing over the Volga. The city has many temples open to tourists; there are museums and monuments. The sanatorium-preventorium "Dolphin"
Kazan is a metropolis with us. about 2 million people A unique place where the cultures of the Ancient West and East have historically merged. Here, next to the Kazan Kremlin and its "leaning tower" Syuyumbike, there is a Orthodox church. Blagoveshchensky cathedral; Kul Sharif Mosque and Spasskaya Tower and so on. On the outskirts of the city is the Temple of the Five Religions, where an Orthodox church, a synagogue, a mosque, a pagoda and more than 15 religious buildings stand nearby. Many metro stations, new hotels and sports facilities, parks, a number of universities have been opened. The city is often visited by tourists. There are numerous monuments and monuments of architecture. Kazan is a large industrial center, more than 3,000 factories, plants and other enterprises operate here. Main field: aviation and mechanical engineering; defense prod., goods nar. cons.
Bolgar is a small old town, where there are six Orthodox churches, the White Cathedral Mosque, the Bulgar Settlement, which includes the remains of a rampart and a ditch of the 14th-15th centuries, mausoleums, chambers, minarets. There are 3 museums. The grain-receiving enterprise works. and a bakery.
Tetyushi - an old town, osn. in 1574-78 There are many museums and architectural monuments, as well as modern monuments; Tetyushinskaya Mosque (1992), Cathedral of the Life-Giving Trinity, watchtower. For tourists - the natural park "Pike Mountains" with the lake "Labay" and wild animals. Entrepreneur: Tetyushskaya Garment Factory LLC, Khleb Production Association
Ulyanovsk - until 1924 - Simbirsk. The basis of the industry is the UAZ automobile plant, the UMZ engine plant, a number of other factories, furniture, confectionery and textile factories. Tourists are interested in the Lenin Museum, the Museum of Civil Aviation, the Provincial Gymnasium. There are more than 40 monuments in the city, including the Spoon Monument, the Letter Yo Monument, as well as monuments to many figures of science and culture.
Novoulyanovsk is a satellite town, osn. in 1957. More than 7 large and medium-sized enterprises producing building materials operate in the city, including CJSC Ulyanovskcement, CJSC Tekhnokrom, etc., as well as confectionery LLC Globus. There are mountains. And a children's library, recreation center, combine life. service, etc.
Sengilei is a cozy small interesting town, but without sights. Most of the factories (lamp factory, bakery, etc.) are not working now. Famous for its pancakes. Only here there is a unique Monument to Pancake.
Dimitrovgrad is a city of culture and industry. There are 11 libraries, Drama Theatre. Ostrovsky, a cinema, more than 5 cultural centers and galleries, a family museum. Temples: Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, St. Nicholas Church, Church of St. George the Victorious. 5 large enterprises: JSC SSC RIAR, auto-aggregate DAAZ, etc.; build. Firm "Dimitrovgradstroy"
Togliatti is the largest economy. and prom. Centre. Such giants as JSC "AvtoVAZ" (author "Lada"), JV "GM AvtoVAZ", more than 20 enterprises of heavy and food industry, Volzhskaya TPP and Togliatti TPP work here. Places of interest: Eternal Flame in Victory Park, Monument of Devotion (in honor of the German Shepherd), 3 museums, Togliatti Gallery, Theater "Wheel".
Zhigulevsk - dist. all in. parts of the National Park "Samarskaya Luka" in the valley of the Zhiguli Mountains. Industrial: Zhigulevskaya HPP, a branch of PJSC RusHydro, 8 enterprises light, food and farm. industry. Churches: Church of the Righteous John of Kronstadt, Church of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God.
Samara is a population. 1,169,720 people; the largest economy, transport, scientific image. and cultural center. More than 145 large enterprises are located here. machine building and metalworking, aviation and space, food industry, 19 universities. Churches: Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Lutheran Church of St. George. Points of interest: The fortress of 1586, the monument "Soyuz launch vehicle", the Zhiguli brewery (built in 1881), the underground "Stalin's Bunker", a lot of architects. buildings, museums, monuments.
Novokuibyshevsk is a large industrial, scientific, cultural and sports area. Centre. There are about 30 plants and factories, about 20 universities, 100 sports. building, recreation center of Novokuibyshevsk and 7 more cult institutions. Religion: 4 Orthodox churches, St. Seraphim Orthodox educational center "Sinai", communities of Baptists and Jehovah's Witnesses, Novokuibyshev mosque.
Oktyabrsk is a small cozy town on the right bank. There are 2 berths (for sand and for oil products) and a railway station transporting products from 4 factories and a garment factory. Notes: Zaitovskaya Cathedral Mosque (2008), local historian. museum, Labor Glory Monument.
Syzran is a port city, a railway junction, a large industrial complex. and scientific arr. Centre. Main directions: oil refining, petrochemical. and chem. industry, heavy, energy and transport engineering, light and food industries. 4 branches of universities were opened, incl. VVA them. prof. Zhukovsky and Yu. Gagarin, a number of medium-spec. educational institutions. Historical architect. Monuments: Elias Church, Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and 3 more churches, old buildings and mansions, 2 museums, drama theater, arboretum.
Khvalynsk - (1556), an environmentally friendly city on the territory. National parka. It is famous for a huge number of rare plants, birds, amphibians, etc., protected by the state. Historical archeology. institutions: Exaltation of the Cross Church, a beautiful mosque, a number of museums and old houses. Large prom. there are no enterprises.
Balakovo - main. in 1762 Civilized, rapidly developing. a city with a drama theater, restaurants, a bowling club, etc. The Saratov hydroelectric power station, the Balakovo nuclear power plant, about 10 enterprises are open here. chem. and food industry, 5 cult. institutions, Holy Trinity Cathedral and 8 more churches.
Volsk - founded as a fishing village, has retained its historical buildings: old houses, estates, households, administrative offices, educational buildings, such as the Volsky Museum of Local Lore (1812), the Trinity Cathedral (1809), the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium ( 1907). Industry: OAO Volsky Mekh. plant”, LLC “Volskmel”, a number of other plants.
Marx is a small town with 4 enterprises. food industry, NPF Mossar LLC, Volgodieselapparat OJSC. Historical monuments: Monument to Empress Catherine II, Memorial "In Memory of those killed in the Second World War", several monuments in the City Park, attractions of owls. Times, children's and sports grounds.
Saratov is a metropolis with a population of over 1 million people. Large industrial, cultural image. Centre. City and regional admin. are located in buildings In the XIX-XX centuries. The most beautiful building is the Holy Trinity Cathedral. SSU, 19 institutes, 3 colleges, about 10 libraries. The city has a number of museums and historical monuments. Industrial: more than 40 enterprises heavy and light industry, such as OAO Saratov Oil Refinery, OAO Neftegazmash, etc.
Engels is a small but fairly developed industrial complex. Centre. There are more than 20 plants and factories here: Stankovita LLC, Engelskaya Furniture Factory OJSC, etc., one of the largest airbases is Engels VKS of Russia, Points of interest: Monument-locomotive of the L series, Landing site of Yu, Gagarin , Monument - Bull, recreation center, several museums. Of particular interest are the temples: the Holy Trinity Church, the Engelskaya Cathedral Mosque, and 8 more temples.
Kamyshin is a city on the right bank. It has a number of large industrial enterprises: Kamyshinsky glass factory, Rotor Plant, about 20 more enterprises. A drama theater, a local history museum, St. Nicholas Orthodox Cathedral, a number of monuments, and a gallery were opened.
Nikolaevsk is a small town founded in 1747. There is no industry here, the population is employed in agricultural production. But those who are attracted by eco-tourism and culture come here. The center of culture and leisure "Istok", several museums, RDK, the Central Regional Library are open here.
Dubovka - the city is unique in its history. The remains of a mammoth and the site of ancient people of the Paleolithic era were found here. There are many historical and architectural monuments: "Patriarch Oak", an ensemble of buildings of the 19th-20th centuries. and others, the Assumption Cathedral, the Church of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity, the Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, several monuments uch. WWII and others. Economy: a bakery, a meat-packing plant and 5 other small enterprises.
Volzhsky is a beautiful green city, a large industrial complex. Centre. 14 enterprises have been opened here: CJSC CELS, Shveyprom, LLC Sun and Wind, Volzhskaya HPP; 4 universities, an art gallery, a local history museum, etc. Among the religious monuments, the most famous are the Church of St. John the Theologian, the Temple of Seraphim of Sarov; there are about 10 temples in total.
Volgograd is a metropolis, a city-hero of the Great Patriotic War. Here in 1942 the most bloody battles took place, but the city survived, Paulus's army was taken prisoner. Now there are many monuments dedicated to the Second World War, in the first place - Mamaev Kurgan. On the right bank there is a monument to Lenin, listed in the Guinness Red Book. Tourism is poorly developed, not looking at the monuments of the Battle of Stalingrad, Sarepta, fishing and the path to Elton. There are 4 museums in the city, many old buildings (1772-1820), the Church of Nikita the Confessor, the Church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsy. Metallurgy and mechanical engineering are well developed: the Barrikady, Red October, Aluminum Plant and more than 10 enterprise
Krasnoslobodsk is a small town. There is only 1 factory - fish. There is an Experimental Station of the Institute of Plant Industry named after. N.I. Vavilov, several churches. The oldest is the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker - it is over 100 years old; Monastery of the Archangel Michael.
Akhtubinsk is a small town, the main enterprise. which is Mrs. Flight Test Center. Chkalov. In addition to it, a meat processing plant, a bakery., Pass. item "Bassol". Tourists are attracted here by fishing, memorials, monuments, the local history museum. There are 2 temples: the Temple of Michael the Archangel and the Church of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God.
Narimanov is the youngest city (1963) with a local history museum and many sports sections and libraries. There is a monument to Lenin and several monuments to those who died in the Second World War. The shipbuilding plant "Lotos" and the oil terminal are operating.
Astrakhan is the last city on the Volga, located at the beginning of the delta. The Astrakhan Nature Reserve, established in 1919, protects the delta and part of the Caspian. There are many rare animals and plants, lotus fields. The celebrity of the city is the Astrakhan Kremlin (1562-1589) and the Assumption Cathedral (1699-1710). In addition to them, there are 6 more places of worship, more than 20 churches, old mansions and courtyards, including the Indian trading courtyard, 4 mosques: White, Black, Red and Persian; many monuments. 35 universities were opened, more than 25 additional institutions. education, more than 80 doshk. const. The backbone of the industry is OAO CHPP "Severnaya" and OOO "Southern Generating Company - TGK-8". There are 5 construction plants; 2 chemical industry plants; in metallurgy - OJSC Astrakhan Machine-Tool Plant.

In fairness, it should be noted that we missed one city of Mologa.

Previously, it was located on the map with Yaroslavl, at the place where the Mologa River merges with the Volga. Due to the construction of the hydroelectric power station (Rybinsk) in April 1941, 7,000 people were resettled to other areas. Then there was an important task for the country - electrification.

If you missed something, please note in the comments.

The Volga is the largest river along the length of its course in the European part of Russia and all of Europe. The length of the Volga channel is 3530 km. In the world, the river ranks 15th in this indicator. Consider where the Volga originates and where it flows, into which sea, and also give interesting facts about this river.

About the Volga River

Before answering the question of where the Volga flows into, into which sea, let's consider the question of where this great river of Russia originates from. The sources of the Volga are located on the hills of the Valdai Upland in the forests that surround the settlement, which bears the same name as the river itself. There are so many sources of the Volga that if you look from a height, then all together they look like a tree with blue branches.

Since the river crosses the territory of the entire European part of Russia, it is considered the national river of the country, it is also called the Mother Volga. Many modern large cities of our country have grown on the banks of the Volga. About 250 cubic kilometers of water passes through the Volga every year. If the Volga were to fill Lake Baikal, which has a volume of 23,620 cubic kilometers, it would do so in 95 years.

The entire length of the Volga channel is usually divided into three parts:

The Upper Volga, which flows from the source of the river to the confluence of the Oka in the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
The Middle Volga is a part of the river enclosed between the places where the Oka and Kama rivers flow into it.
The lower part of the river is considered from the confluence of the Kama into it and to the mouth of the Volga.

The Mother Volga feeds from its sources, from the rivers flowing into it, as well as from melted snow and rainwater.

Currently, the Volga is one of the main tourist destinations in our country. Cruises are made along it, during which you can admire various historical monuments of Russia and its nature.

Characteristics of the Volga River

Considering the question of where the Volga flows into, into which sea, it is necessary to give a brief description of this river.

As mentioned above, the Volga River begins its course in the Valdai hills at an altitude of about 228 meters, which are located between the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg. The amount of water that passes through the Volga in one second is on average 8,000 cubic meters. In May and June, there is a noticeable increase in the water level in the river, which is associated with the melting of ice and snow in late spring - early summer.

The Volga is connected by a whole series of canals with other rivers and seas of Russia: with the Baltic, Black and Azov Seas, with the Don River. The Volga is an excellent navigable river; at present, a large number of cargo and passenger transportations are carried along it. Many industrial, commercial and tourist centers are located on the banks of this river, since it crosses one third of the European territory of the Russian Federation.

It should also be mentioned that Mother Volga was and is the inspirer of many authors of literary and musical works that were created in her honor.

The importance of the Volga for the national economy

First of all, the Volga is an important source of electricity. Along its course, such large hydroelectric power stations as Rybinskaya and Kuibyshevskaya were built. Many reservoirs have also been built on the river, which serve to irrigate arable land. In addition, deposits of oil, table salt, potassium and natural gas have been found in the Volga valley. The active extraction of all these minerals, as well as the widespread use of the river for transport purposes, lead to its severe pollution.

The main tributaries of the Volga

Before finding out where the Volga flows into, into which sea, it is interesting to get acquainted with the rivers that flow into the Volga itself during its long course from north to south of European Russia. The main tributaries of the national river are the following rivers:

Oka: flows into the Volga in the territory of Nizhny Novgorod;
Kama: flows into the Volga a little below the city of Kazan;
Samara: flows into the Volga River in the city of Samara;
Vetluga: flows into the Volga near the city of Cheboksary;
Sura: carries its waters to the Volga from south to north, flows into the national river of Russia between the cities of Nizhny Novgorod and Cheboksary.

Thus, we can say that the main tributaries of the Volga are in its middle part.

Cities located on the banks of the Volga

After the Volga rises on the Valdai Upland, it directs its course to the northeast and reaches the city of Tver, which was built to improve communication between Moscow and St. Petersburg. Further, the river flows through the Ivankovskoye reservoir with a dam near Dubna, reaches the Rybinsk reservoir.

In its middle part, the Volga flows through such ancient Russian cities as Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod and the capital of Tatarstan - Kazan.

What sea does the Volga flow into? In the Caspian Sea, however, before doing so, it flows through such beautiful cities that fully reflect the main features of Russian culture, such as Saratov, Volgograd and Astrakhan.

Since the river crosses many Russian cities, it is navigable in almost any part of its course.

What sea does the Volga river flow into? Let's open this question completely. The Volga Delta, that is, the place where it flows into the Caspian Sea, is the largest in Europe. The waters of the Volga enter the Caspian Sea on the territory of the Astrakhan region, approximately 60 km from the city of Astrakhan. The Volga delta is so large that it lies on the territory of two states: Russia and Kazakhstan.

Over the past century, due to significant changes in the water level in the Caspian Sea, the Volga delta has also changed, in particular, its area has increased significantly. So, if in 1880 it was 3,222 km 2, today its area is estimated at 27,224 km 2.

As the Volga flows into the sea, its delta is divided into three parts:

Burr knolls or knolls, which are linear mounds formed from clay and sand. They have a length of 400 m to 10 km and a height of about 8 m. Between these hillocks there are sedimentation tanks with salt and fresh water.
Actually the delta itself, which is flat (elevation differences are no more than 1 m). There are many active water channels and seagrass plains here.
The underwater part of the delta, which is a platform extending 60 km into the Caspian Sea.

Problems associated with the Volga Delta

Knowing now which sea the Volga falls into, we should talk about the problems associated with the mouth of this river.

In 1919, the Astrakhan Nature Reserve was created on the territory of the Volga Delta as a measure aimed at preserving the biological diversity of flora and fauna in the place where the Volga flows into the Caspian Sea. The Volga Delta is a place where aquatic birds, sturgeon and other fish species live.

As a result of industrial and agricultural human activities, the characteristics of the ecosystem of the Volga delta are greatly changed. For example, from 1984 to 2001, 277 km 2 of the delta area was drained. In addition, a large amount of pollutants, waste from fertilizers, which the Volga waters carry with them, leads to active growth and bloom of algae, which threatens the existence of other biological species both at the mouth of the river itself and in the Caspian Sea.

Russia is the largest country in the world by area. On a vast territory, the largest rivers of the Earth flow: the Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Amur. Among them is the longest river in Europe - the Volga. Its length is 3530 km, and the basin area is 1360 thousand m2.

The Volga River flows in the European part of Russia: from the Valdai Upland in the west, along the eastern side - to the Urals, in the south of the country it flows into the Caspian Sea. A small part of the delta enters the territory of Kazakhstan.

The source of the river is located on the Valdai Upland, in the village of Volgoverkhovye, Tver Region. A small stream, receiving about 150,000 tributaries, including 200 small and large rivers, is gaining power and strength and turns into a mighty river. A special monument to the river was erected at the place of its source.

The fall of the river along its length does not exceed 250 m. The mouth of the river lies 28 m below sea level. The territory of Russia adjacent to the Volga is called the Volga region. There are four million-plus cities along the banks of the river: Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara and Volgograd. The first large settlement on the Volga from the source is the city of Rzhev, and the last in the delta is Astrakhan. The Volga is the world's largest river of internal flow, i.e. not flowing into the oceans.

The main part of the Volga area, from the source to Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan, is located in the forest zone, the middle part of the basin to Samara and Saratov is in the forest-steppe zone, the lower part is to Volgograd in the steppe zone, and to the south in the semi-desert zone.

It is customary to divide the Volga into three parts: the upper Volga - from the source to the mouth of the Oka, the middle Volga - from the confluence of the Oka to the mouth of the Kama, and the lower Volga - from the confluence of the Kama to the confluence of the Caspian Sea.

River history

For the first time, a Greek scientist spoke about the river. Then information about the Volga is found in the notes of the Persian king Darius, who described his campaigns against the Scythian tribes. Roman sources speak of the Volga as a "generous river", hence the name - "Ra". In Russia, the river is spoken of in the famous Tale of Bygone Years.

Since the time of Russia, the Volga has been an important trading link - an artery where the Volga trade route was founded. Through this route, Russian merchants traded in oriental fabrics, metal, honey, and wax.

After the conquest of the Volga basin, the heyday of trade began, which peaked in the 17th century. Over time, a river fleet arose on the Volga.

In the 19th century, an army of barge haulers worked on the Volga, which is the subject of a painting by a Russian artist. At that time, huge supplies of salt, fish, and bread were transported along the Volga. Then cotton was added to these goods, and later oil.

During the Civil War, the Volga was the main strategic point, which provided the army with bread and food, and also made it possible to quickly transfer forces with the help of the fleet.

Painting by Ilya Repin "Barge haulers on the Volga", 1872-1873

When Soviet power was established in Russia, the river began to be used as a source of electricity. In the 20th century, 8 hydroelectric power plants were built on the Volga.

During the Second World War, the Volga was the most important river for the USSR, as armies and food supplies were transferred through it. In addition, on the Volga, in Stalingrad (now Volgograd), the largest battle took place.

Now the Volga basin is producing oil and natural gas reserves that support the Russian economy. In some areas potash and table salt are mined.

Flora and fauna of the river

The Volga is fed mainly by snow (60%), partly by rainfall (10%), and groundwater feeds the Volga by 30%. The water in the river is warm, in summer the temperature does not fall below + 20-25 degrees. The river freezes at the end of November in the upper reaches, and in the lower reaches - in December. The river is frozen 100-160 days a year.

Large populations of fish live in the river: crucian carp, zander, perch, ide, pike. Catfish, burbot, ruff, sturgeon, bream and sterlet also live in the waters of the Volga. In total there are about 70 species of fish.

Birds settle in the Volga delta: ducks, swans, herons. Flamingos and pelicans live on the Volga. And the famous flowers grow - lotuses. Although the Volga is heavily polluted by industrial enterprises, aquatic vegetation (lotus, water lily, reed, water chestnut) is still preserved in it.

Tributaries of the Volga

Approximately 200 tributaries flow into the Volga, and most of them are on the left side. The left tributaries are much more abundant than the right ones. The largest tributary of the Volga is the Kama River. Its length reaches 2000 km. The beginning of the tributary takes on the Verkhnekamsk Upland. Kama has more than 74 thousand tributaries, 95% are rivers up to 10 km long.

Hydrotechnical studies also indicate that the Kama is older than the Volga. But the last ice age and the construction of reservoirs on the Kama seriously reduced its length.

In addition to the Kama, tributaries of the Volga stand out:

Sura;
Tvertsa;
Sviyaga;
Vetluga;
Unzha;
Mologa and others.

Tourism on the Volga

The Volga is a picturesque river, so tourism is flourishing on it. The Volga makes it possible to visit a large number of Volga cities in a short time. Cruises along the Volga are a common type of recreation on the river.

The journey lasts from 3-5 days to a month. It includes visiting the most beautiful cities of the country, located along the Volga. The favorable period for traveling along the Volga is from the beginning of May to the end of September.

The Kama, a tributary of the Volga, hosts an annual sailing competition, the largest in Europe.
The Volga appears in the literary and artistic works of Russian classics: Repin.
Feature films have been made about the Volga, including "Volga, Volga" in 1938, "A bridge is being built" in 1965.

The Volga is considered to be the "homeland of barge haulers." Sometimes 600 thousand barge haulers could work hard at the same time.
A controversial point: it is generally accepted that the Kama is a tributary of the Volga River. But geographers and hydrologists are still arguing which of the rivers is the main one. The fact is that at the confluence of the Volga rivers, it carries 3,100 cubic meters of water per second, but the “productivity” of the Kama is 4,300 cubic meters per second. It turns out that the Volga ends just below Kazan, and then the Kama River already flows, and it is the Kama that flows into the Caspian Sea.

The Arabs, impressed by the scale of the Volga, called it "Itil", which means "river" in Arabic.
The Volga pours 250 cubic kilometers of water into the Caspian Sea every day. However, the level of this sea continues to decline steadily.
On May 20, Volga Day is celebrated in Russia.

Here's an interesting fact I found. Those who study at school, ask your geography teachers what they think about this. Print it out and let them read!

The Volga flows into the Caspian Sea. And if you check the accuracy of the statement from the standpoint of the science of hydrology?
There are several scientific rules for distinguishing the main river and its tributaries. The following signs of rivers are usually taken into account at their confluence: water content; pool area; structural features of the river system - the number and total length of all tributaries, the length of the main river to the source, the angle of confluence; altitude position of the source and valley, the average height of the catchment area; geological age of the valley; width, depth, flow rate, even color and other indicators. Let's explain this.
In terms of water content, the Volga and Kama are almost equal to each other (their average annual discharges are respectively 3750 cubic meters / s and 3800 cubic meters / s).
In terms of the catchment area to the confluence of the rivers, the Volga is slightly larger (we take the areas as they were in natural conditions - 260.9 thousand sq. km versus 251.7 thousand sq. km). However, in this territory, the Volga unites a smaller number of rivers and is inferior to the Kama basin (66.5 thousand rivers against 73.7). The average and absolute heights of the Volga basin are less than the Kama basin, because The Ural Mountains are located in the Kama basin. But the ancient Kama valley is older than the Volga valley. In the first half of the Quaternary period, before the epoch of maximum glaciation, there was no Volga in its present form. There was the Kama, which, uniting with the Vishera, directly flowed into the Caspian Sea. The flow of the modern upper reaches of the Kama went north, to Vychegda. Glaciation led to a reorganization of the hydrographic network: the Upper Volga, which used to give water to the Don (the largest river at that time within the European part of the USSR), began to flow into the Kama, and almost at a right angle. The Lower Volga even today serves as a natural continuation of the Kama and not the Volga valley.
You can go on and on with the comparison. However, even according to the given most important indicators, it is clear that the Kama and the Volga are very similar to each other, but according to most hydrological signs, the Kama is still the main river, and the Volga is its tributary. This means that, strictly speaking, the Kama, and not the Volga, flows into the Caspian Sea! However, taking into account the most important historical factor - the unifying role of the great Russian river in the creation of a single state, as well as the modern economic significance of the river, it must be recognized that the Volga was, is and will always be for any Russian person the main river of our homeland, a symbol of our Motherland, a symbol of Russia and her shrine.
And this is far from the only case when, contrary to hydrological rules, they consider the main river to be not the largest and most abundant. There are many similar examples: Mississippi and Missouri, Ohio; Yenisei and Angara; Ob and Irtysh; Volga and Oka; Kama and Vishera and others.

Where does the Volga flow? Perhaps, almost any schoolchildren of a general education school can answer this question. However, this river plays such an important role in the life of a vast country that it is necessary to dwell on its characteristic features in much more detail.

Section 1. Where does B flow intoOlga? general description

If you look at the list of the largest and deepest rivers in the world, then the Volga will be almost the very first item in it. It flows along and its length is about 3.5 thousand kilometers.

The Valdai Upland is the source of a mighty river. As you know, the Volga flows into exchanging water resources with numerous rivers and springs along its length. The area of the Volga basin occupies 8% of the entire territory of the Russian Federation.

The Volga is divided into three parts: upper, middle and lower. The first one starts from the source and stretches to the mouth of the Oka, then comes the middle one, which ends at the place where it flows into the Volga. And the lower part ends with the Caspian Sea.

Water reserves in the river are replenished by groundwater, rainfall and snowmelt. In April, the time of spring flood begins, low water is observed in summer, the flood period occurs in autumn, and in winter the river level reaches its lowest point. Water in the Volga begins to freeze in late November or early December.

Section 2. Where does the Volga flow? Interesting historical facts

The first mention of the Volga is in the 2nd century BC in the "Geography" of Ptolemy, where it has the name Ra, which translates as "generous". Itil is its name in the Middle Ages, and in the annals of the Arabs it is called the "river of the Rus".

In the 13th century, the river became famous thanks to the beginning of the Volga, which provides connections with European states, and a direct route to the East opens through the Caspian Sea. Where the Volga flows, the map will show quite accurately, however, not everyone knows that forests have been rafted along this river for a long time, and it is here that fishing begins to develop.

At the moment, compared with past centuries, its possibilities are simply endless.

Fertile soils near the banks of the Volga have long been famous for their fertility, and around the middle of the 19th century, metallurgical and machine-building plants began to be built here. In the 20th century, the development of oil fields began in the lower part of the river. At the same time, the construction of hydroelectric power stations was going on. And every year the river became more and more difficult to replenish its resources.

Section 3. Where does the Volga flow? Features of flora and fauna

Due to the direct proximity to the Caspian Sea, the climate near the Volga is humid and warm, during the hot period the air temperature rises to +40 °, but during the frost period it drops to -25 °.

More than 44 species of fauna live in the river, among them there are endangered specimens that are under protection. It affects a huge number of waterfowl. Mammals prefer to settle near the coast: foxes, hares and raccoon dogs.

More than 120 species of fish live in the waters of the river: carp, roach, bream, sturgeon and others. These places have long been a favorite among fishermen. But if earlier the world catch of sturgeon was more than 50%, today the situation has changed dramatically.

The negative influence of civilization has not bypassed the mother river. A large number of hydroelectric power stations and reservoirs greatly adversely affects the state of local flora and fauna. In addition, the quality of the water itself in the river has deteriorated greatly.