August 13 is the birthday of one of the most famous revolutionaries of the 21st century Fidel Alejandro Castro. He became the leader of Cuba in 1959 after the overthrow of the dictatorial regime. Fulgencio Batista. Fidel acted as an opponent of the United States and established allied relations with the USSR. In fact, he resigned in 2006 due to illness and hospitalization, transferring power to his brother Raul Castro.
On the birthday of the Comandante, AiF.ru collected 8 interesting facts from the life of Fidel Castro.
13 year old revolutionary
The illegitimate son of a large landowner and a cook, Fidel grew up in a wealthy family, having received a good upbringing and education.
At the age of 13, Castro participated in a labor uprising on his father's sugar plantation. Max Lestnik, Castro's school friend, recalled: “He had great courage. They said whoever follows Fidel will die or win.”
Fidel Castro, 1953 Photo: www.globallookpress.com
In 1953, Castro organized an uprising against the dictator Fulgencio Batista, which was brutally suppressed. Fidel himself was sentenced to 15 years in prison, but released under an amnesty in May 1955. Thus, he spent less than two years in prison.
The victory of the revolution
In 1956, a group of revolutionaries, including Fidel, his brother Raul Castro and Argentinean Ernesto "Che" Guevara came from Mexico to Cuba. Soon the revolutionaries were attacked by troops, many died or were captured.
The survivors at first did not pose a danger to the Batista regime, but later the partisan movement grew. In 1957-1958, the Rebel Army was formed, the commander-in-chief of which was Fidel Castro.
On January 1, 1959, Castro's rebel forces occupied Havana, Batista fled to the Dominican Republic. Castro became commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and in February took over as prime minister. Later, in 1976, a new Cuban constitution was adopted, and Fidel took over as chairman of the Council of State.
At the center of the global scandal
In October 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis occurred, bringing the world to the brink of nuclear war. A US reconnaissance aircraft spotted Soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles in Cuba. Only after intense negotiations American President John F. Kennedy And Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev managed to resolve the crisis: the USSR withdrew missiles from Cuba, the United States, in response, abandoned plans for a military invasion of the island and withdrew nuclear weapons from Turkey.
CIA assassination attempts
On November 20, 1975, the United States released information about eight unsuccessful attempts on the life of Castro, undertaken by the CIA from 1960 to 1965. According to Cuban authorities, during the years of Fidel's rule, the CIA made more than 638 attempts to kill the dictator.
The most sophisticated methods of assassinating Castro were:
- gift scuba gear with a tuberculosis bacillus;
- poisoned ballpoint pen;
- exploding cigar;
- poison pills sealed in a tube of cream, etc.
Fidel Castro. Date of filming unknown. Photo: www.globallookpress.com
fiery speaker
Fidel Castro entered the Guinness Book of Records as the most fiery speaker - his speech to the UN on September 29, 1960 lasted 4 hours and 29 minutes. Castro's longest speech was delivered at the Third Congress of the Cuban Communist Party in 1986 and lasted 7 hours and 10 minutes.
Excommunicated
Fidel was excommunicated in 1962 Pope John XXIII for adherence to communism. Until the mid-1990s, Cuba was an atheist state, but after Fidel began rapprochement with the Catholic Church, hoping to use it to enlist international support and persuade the United States to lift the economic embargo against the country.
January 1998 Pope John Paul II visited Cuba and met with Fidel, after which he called on the United States to ease economic pressure on Cuba.
In October 2000, the US House of Representatives revised the trade embargo against Cuba and allowed limited supplies of food and medicine to that country.
Fidel Castro addresses the gathering in Havana. September 28, 2010. Photo: www.globallookpress.com
State of the Comandante
In 2005, Forbes magazine named Castro one of the world's richest people and estimated his personal fortune at $550 million. In 2006, it was already about 900 million. Castro was outraged by these reports and vehemently denied receiving income from state-owned enterprises.
Live in spite of all
Reports of the death of Fidel Castro appear in the media every few years. So, the Cuban leader was "buried" in 1986, 1994, 2007, 2009 and 2012.
In October 2012, the media reported that Castro suffered a stroke and stopped recognizing people, and also began to experience speech problems. However, the Cuban government and Castro's relatives.
Previously, he was credited with diseases such as cerebral hemorrhage, rectal cancer, Parkinson's disease.
We often give in to panic or try to solve serious issues without resorting to God's help, forgetting that if the Lord does not want, nothing will work out. The example of attempts on Fidel Castro is amazing. Surviving an assassination attempt more than 600 times (!) is a miracle. We need to remember more often that even a hair will not fall from a human head without the will of God.
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Fidel Castro survived more than one assassination attempt in his life. He was one of those leaders whose life was under constant threat. Behind the 637 assassination attempts planned and carried out were the American government, Cuban opponents of Castro and American mafia groups, who were unhappy that after the victory of the revolution, Castro took over the famous Havana casinos and brothels. During Eisenhower's presidency, there were 38 assassination attempts on Castro, Kennedy 42, Johnson 72, Nixon 184, Carter 64, Reagan 197, Bush Sr. 16, Clinton 21.
The most famous and original attempts to assassinate Fidel Castro include:
1. In early 1961, the CIA brought Chicago gangster John Rosselli to the assassination of Fidel Castro. During a secret meeting in Miami, CIA agents provided him with tiny gelatin-coated capsules filled with deadly poison, which he had to throw into the food intended for Fidel. However, Castro suddenly stopped visiting the restaurant chosen for the assassination and the assassination attempt failed.
2. On November 22, 1963, a CIA officer handed over a poisoned ballpoint pen to a Cuban to use against Fidel Castro during a meeting between President Kennedy's emissary and Castro to ascertain the possibility of improving relations between the two countries. The attempt failed.
3. In 1963, the American lawyer Donovan went to see Castro. He was supposed to give the Comandante an aqualung as a gift, in the cylinders of which the CIA agents brought a tubercle bacillus. The lawyer, unaware of this, decided that the scuba gear was too simple for a gift, and bought another, more expensive one, and kept this one for himself. He died soon after, but Castro survived.
4. In the 1960s, the CIA made another attempt on the life of the Comandante. An exploding cigar was prepared as a gift to the Cuban leader. But the gift was not missed by the security service.
5. Then came the idea of disorienting Castro's behavior by impregnating his favorite brand of cigars with special substances. This proposal was considered more realistic. Then the problem of delivering a box of poisoned cigars to Castro was discussed.
6. Most ridiculous of all: The CIA decided to strip Castro of his beard. The operation began when the CIA learned that Castro was about to travel abroad and thus become more vulnerable than in his heavily guarded country. A commonly known hair remover is thallium salts when applied to human skin. It's easy, the CIA planners decided. When staying in hotels on a trip abroad, Castro naturally left his shoes in the hallway for cleaning at night. The CIA had only to put thallium salts in these shoes, but the trip was canceled, and the CIA's idea failed. Previous attempts failed
7. Knowing about Castro's passion for diving, American intelligence distributed a large number of mollusks in the Cuban coast. The CIA agents planned to hide the explosives in a large shell and paint the clams in bright colors to get Fidel's attention. However, the storm thwarted the attempt.
8. The Americans tried to remove the Comandante also with the help of women. One of Fidel's former mistresses was instructed to kill him with poisonous pills. She hid the pills in a tube of cream, but they dissolved in it. It is said that Castro, who uncovered the plot, offered her a gun so she could shoot him, but the woman refused to do so.
9. In 1971, during Fidel Castro's trip to Chile, two snipers were supposed to shoot at him, but just before the assassination attempt, one of them was hit by a car, and another had an acute attack of appendicitis.
10. In 2000, during the visit of the Cuban leader to Panama, 90 kg of explosives were placed under the podium from which he was supposed to speak. But she didn't work.
11. In 2000, a document was declassified that outlined the CIA's plans to kill Fidel Castro. Among them was a plan to use thallium salts to cause the Cuban leader's beard to fall out.
Fidel Castro entered the Guinness Book of Records as the most fiery speaker, his famous speech lasted 27 hours.
It is known that Fidel Castro survived more than 600 assassination attempts by the United States during his entire term as Prime Minister and then Head of Cuba. Many of the assassination attempts were well-thought-out operations, and some were so ridiculous you'd think a child made them up.
Wetsuit
Many of the CIA plots against Castro revolved around his hobbies, including scuba diving, which he did extensively. Documents released at the behest of President Donald Trump revealed that the CIA had made a wetsuit riddled with a debilitating fungal disease known as Madura's foot, along with a tube purged with tuberculosis bacteria. The plan was to give it to Castro in the hope that he would use it and get sick. However, for some reason, the diplomat responsible gave Castro a completely different suit.
Mistress' Conspiracy
Almost everyone in the Castro area knew that he was good with ladies, and it is estimated that he slept with over 35,000 women in his lifetime. Even if this figure is somewhat exaggerated due to propaganda from all sides, true reports of the time show that this is not so far from the truth. The CIA decided to take advantage of this. They convinced one of Castro's former lovers, Marita Lorenz, to travel to Havana, meet him again, and put poison pills in his food. When she was alone with Castro, he casually asked her if she wanted to kill him. She replied, “Yes.” He then gave her his loaded pistol and said, “You cannot kill me. No one can kill me." The CIA didn't realize how good Castro was with women. Lorenz didn't kill him. Instead, she continued to have sex with him that night (as she did several times in later years).
Mafia
The CIA decided to use the services of the Sicilian mafia to assassinate Castro.
According to declassified 1960 documents, the CIA contacted Momo Salvatore Giancana, the leader of the Sicilian mafia, and worked with him to come up with ways to kill Castro. Many potential methods were discussed, including the involvement of another mafia member shooting Castro at a rally or giving him lethal pills. Unfortunately for them, the plan failed.
Beard
Even if Castro was hated by many around the world, there is no doubt that he was very popular in Cuba. His rallies drew unprecedented crowds even before the Revolution, and much of this has been attributed to his oratorical skills.
One of the most ridiculous plots involved sprinkling thallium salts in his shoes, as he used to leave them outside a hotel room while traveling abroad. Thallium is a powerful depilatory agent and can completely remove body hair.
Why would the CIA want to do something like that? They decided that Castro's ratings were more due to his majestic beard, and getting rid of it would lead to a decrease in popularity among people. They even tested thallium salts on animals in the lab. However, due to Castro's erratic travel schedule, this plan never came to fruition.
shells
If you thought the contaminated wetsuit was the only ridiculous plot against Castro based on his love of diving, you really don't know how staunch the CIA is. This time, however, they aimed to kill him, not just make him sick. According to declassified reports of the JFK assassination, the CIA wanted to plant explosives in eye-catching seashells at Castro's favorite diving spot. The idea was that Castro would not be able to resist picking up the delicate shell, which would instantly explode and kill him. It is not clear why this plan was never carried out, although some reports suggest that it would have been too obvious. Our guess? Perhaps they realized how stupid it was.
cigars
Castro could be seen with a cigar in his hands in almost all his photographs in the public domain. It's not because the photographers asked him to do it. He genuinely loved Cuban cigars. In fact, some of his closest aides claimed to have never seen him without a cigar at all. The head of the CIA's Office of Medical Services, Dr. Edward Gunn, wanted to use a toxin known as botulinum to kill Castro, as it left no trace.
When Gunn realized that the toxin could not easily dissolve in water and could not be added to Castro's drinks, Gunn personally hemmed a box of Castro's favorite botulinum cigars. Gunn rewound them for hours, making sure there were no signs of falsification. The cigars never made it to Castro, although Gunn kept them ready in the safe.
Milk shake
Even if all the ridiculous conspiracies on this list were carefully thought out and planned, none of them harmed Castro. Well, except for one, when the CIA came very close to killing the Cuban leader.
The plan involved colluding with American gangsters who controlled gambling establishments in Cuba. They were supposed to add a powerful poison to Castro's milkshake that would instantly kill him, leaving no evidence. They almost succeeded, as the poison got into the freezer of the hotel where Castro was staying at the time. Unfortunately for them, the tablet stuck to the sides of the freezer and fell apart when they tried to pick it up.
Tribune
You would think that the CIA, having made several unsuccessful attempts to kill Castro, left him alone.
In fact, they never gave up and tried to kill him until the year 2000. In 2000, Castro was scheduled to give a speech in Panama. It was the perfect scheme, as no one would suspect the US government because it was foreign territory. Cuban terrorist (and, not surprisingly, former CIA agent) Luis Posada Carriles was hired to work for the CIA. He was instructed to equip the podium where Castro was to speak with explosives.
Although Carriles did this, he grossly underestimated the competence of the Cuban security forces. They easily found the explosives and thwarted another CIA attempt to assassinate Castro.
Fake Second Coming of Christ
It is clear that the CIA used its imagination in an attempt to kill Castro. As we all know, none of their schemes were successful as Castro died of natural causes at the age of 90. However, one agency plot was more ridiculous than all the others.
According to testimony from CIA veterans to a Senate church committee (which was set up to investigate intelligence abuse), the agency was involved in a particularly bizarre conspiracy to fake the Second Coming of Christ in Cuba. The idea was that Cubans were deeply religious people and would rebel if there was a divine sign against Castro's rule. The CIA even planned to fire shells from a submarine to "divinely" light up the sky, because just telling people that Christ has returned would be a little silly. Although the person responsible vehemently denied the existence of any such plan, contemporary documents prove otherwise.
On November 25, the era of the great Comandante finally ended for the Cubans. At the age of 91, the leader of the Cuban revolution, Fidel Castro, died.
Castro was a controversial political figure. While his anti-imperialist and humanist policies were highly regarded by his supporters, his spiteful critics called him a human rights dictator. One thing is clear - after the overthrow of the dictator Batista and the coming to power of Fidel CastroCuba and its inhabitants will never be the same.
Fidel Castro, the leader of the revolution in Cuba, has been a bone in the throat for many all his life. There were attempts on the life of the Comandante no less than 637 times.
1. Femme Fatale Marita Lorenz, 1960 This romance between a Cuban revolutionary and the daughter of a German captain and an American actress began very beautifully. As a result, this Marita was recruited by CIA agent Frank Sturgis, and according to the plan, in order to resolve the Cuban crisis, Marita had to come back to Havana, ingratiate herself with the commander and add poison pills to his food. At first, everything went like clockwork, but then Fidel Castro's ardent lover was horrified to find that the gelatin shell of the pills, which she put in a jar of night cream, had dissolved and the pills had become worthless.
2. Poisoned cigars, 1960 Fabian Escalante, the head of the Cuban secret services, spoke about the case in 1960, when, during a speech by Fidel Castro at the UN in 1960, his service discovered a poisoned cigar of the Comandante's favorite variety - Cohiba, lying on the table next to the leader of the Cuban revolution. The cigar was treated with a lethal dose of butulin.
3. Seashell, 1963 It is worth noting that Fidel Castro was crazy about scuba diving. The head of the secret operation "Mongoose" decided to play on this passion of Castro. Lansdale conceived a cunning plan: in the bay where the Comandante usually dived, the secret service agent decided to put a shell filled with explosives and paint it brightly to attract attention. However, not a single shell was suitable in size in order to place a suitable bomb there.
4. Death by sniper rifle Felix Rodriguez, 1961. It's no secret that Felix Rodriguez, the son of the dictator Batista, who, in fact, Fidel Castro overthrew from the throne, was the worst enemy of the commandant and threatened to personally shoot the main instigator of the coup in Cuba. However, supporters cooled the ardor of the young hero, convincing him to give other Cuban exiles the opportunity to participate in the coup. By the way, Felix was the last person to interrogate the legendary Che Guevara.
5. Diving suit, 1962 On the occasion of the release of 1,113 prisoners after the turmoil in the Bay of Pigs, the US government sent $ 53 million in humanitarian aid in exchange, and the successful American lawyer James Donovan decided to present the Cuban leader with a gift - a super fancy diving suit. The lower part of the robe was treated with bacteria that causes a rare disease called "Madure's foot", and the respiratory filters were treated with tuberculosis pathogens. True, by some miracle the processed suit did not fall into the hands of Castro. Later, Donovan, using caution and diplomacy, sent him the usual version of the same gift.
6. Pen with a feather, 1963. Rolando Cubelo was a close friend of Fidel Castro. He himself contacted the CIA agents in order to settle some personal scores with the Comandante. The only thing he needed from a scout was a suitable weapon for the kill, which would not make a lot of noise. Cubolo was provided with such a weapon - a fountain pen from the core of which, when pressed, a super-thin syringe with poison was extended - so thin that the victim did not even feel his prick. Here, Fidel's guardian angels had to strain themselves. In this case, John F. Kennedy was shot dead in the United States, and all American conspiracies against foreign leaders were postponed for a long time.
7. Mafia game, 60s. In 2007, documents were declassified, according to which not only the leaders of Operation Mongoose, but also the heads of the highest ranks of the CIA, including the head of department Allen Dulles, participated in the attempts on the life of Fidel Castro. With the easy filing of this man, the Chicago mafia was even connected to the operation. Actually, the mafiosi were interested in returning nightlife to Cuba with casinos, brothels and other delights of life. Just then the fighting broke out in the Bay of Pigs, and for some time the plan was put on hold.
8. LSD, 1961 It got to the point where, in order to discredit the leader of the Hawaiian Revolution, the CIA considered spraying a substance like LSD into the radio studio from which Fidel Castro was addressing the people. It was planned that the hallucinogens would force Castro to say something during his address that would cause irreparable damage to his image.
9. Handkerchief, 1960 Crazy ideas of the CRC are not limited to using LSD as a weapon against Fidel. A unit, curiously called the Health Committee, suggested using a handkerchief contaminated with deadly bacteria. However, this ingenious plan was never destined to come true.
10. Exploding cigar, 60s. This weapon was destined to become a symbol of numerous attempts on the life of the elusive Fidel Castro. This, by the way, was one of the first exposed failed attempts to assassinate the Cuban leader.
11. Boots, 1961 On a cigar, as you know, the insidious plans of secret agents did not stop. Another brilliant idea was to put thallium salt in Castro's boots. This slow-acting poison, in addition to nausea and aching joints, also causes hair loss. Exactly what is needed! CIA agents were already dreaming about how Fidel Castro would lose his famous beard. According to the plan, thallium was planned to be put into shoes during Castro's foreign visit, when he put the shoes outside the door of a hotel room for cleaning. However, the Comandante seemed to feel something was wrong and each time postponed the visit. When a military operation broke out in the United States in the Bay of Pigs, everyone completely forgot about the shoe conspiracy.
Milkshake, 1964 The CIA agents became aware of the information about the cafe in which Fidel Castro liked to drink a milkshake. The scouts bribed a local waiter, who, at a convenient opportunity, was supposed to add a butulin pill to the Comandante cocktail. The waiter put the pill in the freezer, where it froze to the wall of the refrigerator. When trying to separate her capsule burst. The brilliant plan failed miserably.
Antichrist, 1963 Perhaps this is the most incredible attempt on the life of the famous Comandante ... The author of this idea called "Antichrist" was the head of Operation Mongoose, Edward Lansdale. Missionary agents were supposed to be sent to the territory of Cuba, who would carry out propaganda work among the Catholic population, predicting the imminent end of the world and the second coming of Christ. Fidel Castro, at the same time, of course, was destined to become the Antichrist in this brilliant plan. Further, the CRC planned to strike the final blow: an American submarine was supposed to appear from the waters off the coast of Havana, on the bow of which Jesus Christ would appear with special light effects. After the fatal "Repent, for it is coming!" the underwater Jesus was supposed to call on the inhabitants of Cuba to kill the Antichrist. The plan, of course, was impressive, but, alas, too unrealistic for its implementation.
Information about the deteriorating health of the former Cuban leader has appeared in the media from time to time since 2006, but apparently Fidel Castro was not destined to die earlier than at 91. It's a pity, of course, but we are all mortal and everything ends sooner or later...
A man of the era has passed away - Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz. After surviving 638 assassination attempts, he died peacefully at the age of 90. He will remain a symbol of the Island of Freedom - Cuba, as the first person who radically changed the life of a whole generation of Cubans, and not only them. History will change attitudes about him more than once, probably from a variety of angles - the memory of even contemporaries is changeable. But he will remain an iconic figure in world history.
“Cuba is far away, Cuba is near” - the lines from the song of the Soviet era were dedicated specifically to Fidel Castro, the leader of the Cuban revolution. It was understood that the distant island was almost the sixteenth republic of the USSR. In addition to the fact that we received almost a third of Cuban cane sugar, which was sold “by weight” in almost every rural store, exotic Havana Club rum, which even Siberian men hung over, Cuban cigars, which were a little more expensive than shag and Prima cigarettes , Cuba was the same outpost of the Soviet Union off the coast of a completely non-peaceful America, which made it possible to maintain the fragile balance of peace.
During the Caribbean crisis, it was the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba that prevented a global world crisis. And the most significant role in this confrontation was played by Fidel Castro, who played on the side of Moscow, not Washington. It is very difficult to assess the role of Fidel Castro in world history. Many are now mourning his death, there are those who openly rejoice at the death of the Comandante (comrade-in-arms and friend of the no less legendary Che Guevara). In Russia, those who remember Fidel not only from their pages on social networks are sincerely sorry, those who do not remember shrug their shoulders indifferently. Nevertheless, it was Fidel Castro who played a huge role in establishing friendly relations between our countries. Then, in the sixties and seventies of the last millennium, it was not just friendship and assurances of loyalty, it was a guarantee of maintaining nuclear parity, when every advantageous position, like in the United States and the USSR, provided the likelihood of a retaliatory strike. NATO was based in Europe, then only Western. The Soviet Union, thanks to Cuba, could deliver a retaliatory and inevitable blow right in the stomach of the United States. And this could not be ignored. “In the series of events and actions of the heroic epic of Fidel Castro and Cuba, I highlight the last 25 years,” notes Alexander Zimovsky, an international journalist who personally met with Castro. - After the disappearance of the USSR from the map of the world, Fidel Castro and Cuba were left alone with the United States and their satellites in the Western Hemisphere. And Fidel managed to save the country, practically without changing anything either in ideology or in the economy. While the former allied countries of the USSR went into oblivion, and various pro-Western regimes appeared in their place, Fidel continued to be a model of a principled and unchanging foreign and domestic policy.
First, Cuba, having lost the economic support of the USSR, developed its own domestic economic program.
Secondly, Castro was able to use the weakening of the US geopolitical positions in Latin America. That is, Fidel lived to see the Latin American “left turn” and a full-scale restoration of relations with states south of the Rio Grande.
Thirdly, the domestic political situation in the United States has changed, where Latinos have become one of the most influential groups of voters. Internal pressure also led to a change in US policy towards Cuba, and Obama made his moves.
Thus, it was precisely Fidel's political longevity and enormous political authority that turned modern Latin America, which was only a "backyard" of the United States, into a region open to other great powers. Simply put, if it were not for Fidel, we would not have seen the Russian flag and Russian business on this continent for a very long time.
And, of course, this will be the glorious historical trace of the Comandante. About the longevity of Fidel, who survived almost all political leaders from the camp of both opponents and allies (Soviet Secretary General Leonid Brezhnev died back in 1982), legends and anecdotes circulated during his lifetime. One of them said that when the commander, having received a parrot as a gift and learning that he had been living for three hundred years, said sadly: “It will be a pity to leave.” Even after transferring political power in Cuba to his brother Raul, Fidel remained not just a symbol of Cuba, but also an active participant in the events in the country. And when American President Barack Obama flew to Cuba, he ignored this fact and did not even comment on this event. Like Raul Castro, who defiantly did not shake the outstretched hand of the American president, Cubans do not forgive old grievances.
The resentment of the Cubans remained in relation to Russia. When, in the early 1990s, Moscow disowned Havana and curtailed both its military and commercial presence in Cuba, the Cubans bluntly announced their betrayal. They sincerely believed in us and hoped for help. Now relations have returned almost to their previous course, and Cuba is ready for them on a full scale. On the island of Liberty, they are ready to accept not only Russian tourists, but also the Russian military as a guarantor of their own security. And this was precisely the will of Fidel Castro, who always believed that partnership and alliance with Russia would ensure Cuba's prosperity. “It was a real disaster when Russia turned away from Cuba under American pressure,” says a former correspondent for the Cuban government newspaper Granma ( Granma). “But we knew perfectly well that this was not the will of the Russian people, but only short-term circumstances. And our leader Fidel Castro did not allow himself then a single negative word about your country, only a certain regret. Even when the representative office of our newspaper in Moscow was closed, the tone of the publications regarding Russia did not change. And the work of the Cuban embassy in Moscow has never stopped. And now, after the death of Comandante Fidel, I am sure that our relations will not worsen. Havana and Moscow are nearby!” As a brief and almost lyrical digression about the Cuban journalist, who once graduated from the military journalism department in the Soviet Union, one can recall his personal participation in strengthening friendly ties between Russia and Cuba. When in 1992 there were problems with the sale of tobacco products in Moscow, Pedro Prado brought his friends to the editorial office of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper ... Cuban cigars. As a "retaliatory move", he was invited on an excursion to the Moscow plant "Crystal", where they could not do without a light tasting. However, the tone of his publications about Russia did not depend on such contacts - like most of the Cubans who studied with us, Pedro Prado always believed that friendship is a round-the-clock concept. Cuba will deviate from its path, says Pedro Prado. “Life goes on and our country will not lower the flag of Liberty Island.”
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