- Biography:
Orthodox. From the nobles. Graduated from the Vladimir Kyiv Military Gymnasium. Entered service on September 1, 1876. He graduated from the 2nd military Konstantinovsky and Mikhailovsky artillery schools (1879). Released as Second Lieutenant (08/09/1879) to the 20th Artillery Brigade. Later he served in the 11th and 12th engineer battalions. Graduated from the Nikolaev Engineering Academy (2nd category). Participant of the Ahal-Tekin expedition of 1879. Lieutenant (Art. 12/20/1879). Campaigner 1880-81. Full member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society since 1882. Commanded a company in the 12th engineer battalion (05/20/1884-07/30/1885). Staff Captain (08/16/1884). Graduated from the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff (1888; 1st category). Captain (Art. 03/31/1888). He was a member of the Caucasian Military District. Art. adjutant of the headquarters of the 1st Caucasian Kaz. divisions (11/26/1888-06/22/1889). Chief officer for assignments at the headquarters of the Caucasian Military District (06/22/1889-05/26/1890). Chief officer for assignments at the headquarters of the troops of the Transcaspian region. (05/26/1890-08/30/1892). Lieutenant Colonel (08/30/1892). Art. adjutant of the headquarters of the Amur Military District (08/30/1892-01/30/1893). Staff officer for assignments at the headquarters of the troops of the Transcaspian region. (01/30/1893-06/17/1895). Staff officer at the command of the 2nd Transcaspian brigade (06/17/1895-11/15/1897). Colonel (pr. 1896; art. 03/24/1896; for distinction). Was at the disposal of the Chief. Headquarters (11/15/1897-02/07/1901). In 1897, military adviser in Abyssinia. He served his qualification command of the battalion in the Life Guards Moscow Regiment (05/18/08/27/1899). Participant of the Chinese campaign 1900-01. In 1900, chief of staff of the South Manchurian detachment. Major General (Project 1901; Art. 09.14.1900; for military distinction). Commander of the 2nd Brigade, 31st Infantry Division (02/07/1901-10/30/1903). Head of the 8th East Siberian Brigade (10/30/1903-02/22/1904). Participant in the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905. Commander of the 8th East Siberian Infantry Division (02/22/10/17/1904). Commander of the 54th Infantry Division (10/17/1904-07/04/1906). In 01.1906, temporary commander of the 8th East Siberian Infantry Division, acting. Commandant of the Vladivostok fortress. Was seconded to Chief. Headquarters (04.07.-07.07.1906). Chief of the 22nd Infantry Division (07/07/1906-12/14/1908). Lieutenant General (pr. 1907; art. 04/22/1907; for distinction). Chief commander of Kronstadt (12/14/1908-12/31/1910). Commandant of the Kronstadt Fortress and Chief. head of defense works in Kronstadt (12/31/1910-03/05/1911). Commander of the 16th Army Corps (03/05/03/17/1911). Commander of the 1st Army Corps (from 17. 03.1911). Gene. from infantry (pr. 1913; art. 04/14/1913; for distinction). Participant of the campaign in Vost. Prussia in 08.1914. For extremely unsuccessful leadership of the corps troops in the battles of 08/13/26/1914 at Uzdau and Soldau on 08/15/28/1914 by order of the 2nd Army, General. A.V. Samsonov was removed from office. He was in the reserve of ranks at the headquarters of the Minsk Military District (from 08/18/1914). After passing the exam. Przemysl in Galicia was appointed its commandant. As of 03.1916 - in the reserve of ranks of the Minsk Military District, seconded to the disposal of the Chief of the troops of the Southwestern Front. From 04/09/1916 in the reserve of ranks at the headquarters of the Petrograd Military District. On July 10, 1916 in the same position. Commander of the 18th Siberian Infantry Division (29.01.-12.04.1917). From 04/19/1917 he was in the reserve of ranks at the headquarters of the Dvina Military District. Dismissed from service upon request with a uniform and pension on 05/12/1917. Participated (from the laity) in the work of the Pre-Conciliar Council and elected the Patriarch of the Holy Council of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1917-1918. From 1918 to 1924 he worked in Soviet institutions in Moscow: until 1921 in the statistical department of the Moscow City Council, and then as an engineer in the Moscow Committee for State Constructions and the Moscow Military Engineering Directorate. In 04.1922 he was arrested. From 1927 to 1930 he lived in Novgorod, where he was given a significant pension for those times - 400 rubles. He spent the last two years of his life in Leningrad, where he died. He was buried in the Volkov cemetery. Works: Author of the memoirs “Through Ethiopia to the Shores of the White Nile,” M. 1979. Discrepancies: The list of senior commanders of 1913 gives the date of birth as 02/22/1857; list of the General Staff 1914 - 02/25/1857.
- Ranks:
- Awards:
- Additional Information:
- Sources:
- East Prussian operation. Collection of documents from the world imperialist war on the Russian front (1914-1917). M., 1939.
- Zalessky K.A. Who was who in the First World War. M., 2003.
- List of senior military commanders, chiefs of staff: districts, corps and divisions and commanders of individual combat units. Saint Petersburg. Military Printing House. 1913.
- List of generals by seniority. Compiled on 04/15/1914. Petrograd, 1914
- List of generals by seniority. Compiled on July 10, 1916. Petrograd, 1916
- List General Staff. Corrected on 06/01/1914. Petrograd, 1914
- List of the General Staff. Corrected to 01/01/1916. Petrograd, 1916
- List of the General Staff. Corrected on 01/03/1917. Petrograd, 1917
- List of the General Staff. Corrected on 03/01/1918/Ganin A.V. Corps of General Staff officers during the years Civil War 1917-1922 M., 2010.
- OK. Artamonov and his journey to the White Nile (http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/Dokumenty/Aethiopien/Artamonov/framepred.htm)
- Egorov N.D. Russian generals on the eve of the Civil War (Materials for the biographical reference book). M. 2004.
- List of generals by seniority. Compiled on 09/01/1904. St. Petersburg, 1904; VP 1914-1917 and PAF 1917. Information provided by Valery Konstantinovich Vokhmyanin (Kharkov)
- Photo from Scout magazine No. 1274, 04/08/1915
Artamonov Leonid Konstantinovich Orthodox. From the nobles. Graduated from the Vladimir Kyiv Military Gymnasium. Entered service on September 1, 1876. He graduated from the 2nd military Konstantinovsky and Mikhailovsky artillery schools (1879). Released as Second Lieutenant (Art. 08/09/1879) in the 20th Art. brigade. Later he served in the 11th and 12th engineer battalions. Graduated from the Nikolaev Engineering Academy (2nd category). Participant of the Ahal-Tekin expedition of 1879. Lieutenant (Art. 12/20/1879). Campaigner 1880-81. Full member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society since 1882. Commanded a company in the 12th engineer battalion (05/20/1884-07/30/1885). Staff Captain (08/16/1884). Graduated from the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff (1888; 1st category). Captain (Art. 03/31/1888). He was a member of the Caucasian Military District. Art. adjutant of the headquarters of the 1st Caucasian Kaz. divisions (11/26/1888-06/22/1889). Chief officer for assignments at the headquarters of the Caucasian Military District (06/22/1889-05/26/1890). Chief officer for assignments at the headquarters of the troops of the Transcaspian region. (05/26/1890-08/30/1892). Lieutenant Colonel (08/30/1892). Art. adjutant of the headquarters of the Amur Military District (08/30/1892-01/30/1893). Staff officer for assignments at the headquarters of the troops of the Transcaspian region. (01/30/1893-06/17/1895). Staff officer at the command of the 2nd Transcaspian brigade (06/17/1895-11/15/1897). Colonel (pr. 1896; art. 03/24/1896; for distinction). Was at the disposal of the Chief. Headquarters (11/15/1897-02/07/1901). In 1897, military adviser in Abyssinia. He served his senior command of the battalion in the Leningrad Guards. Moscow Regiment (05/18/08/27/1899). Participant of the Chinese campaign 1900-01. In 1900, chief of staff of the South Manchurian detachment. Major General (Project 1901; Art. 09/14/1900; for military distinction). Commander of the 2nd Brigade, 31st Infantry. divisions (02/07/1901-10/30/1903). Head of the 8th East Siberian Brigade (10/30/1903-02/22/1904). Participant in the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905. Commander of the 8th East Siberian Infantry Division (02/22/10/17/1904). Commander of the 54th Infantry. division (10/17/1904-07/04/1906). In 01.1906, temporary commander of the 8th East Siberian Infantry Division, acting. Commandant of the Vladivostok fortress. Was seconded to Chief. Headquarters (04.07.-07.07.1906). Chief of the 22nd Infantry. divisions (07.07.1906-14.12.1908). Lieutenant General (pr. 1907; art. 04/22/1907; for distinction). Chief commander of Kronstadt (12/14/1908-12/31/1910). Commandant of the Kronstadt Fortress and Chief. head of defense works in Kronstadt (12/31/1910-03/05/1911). Commander of the 16th Army. corps (03/05-03/17/1911). Commander of the 1st Army. corps (from 03/17/1911). Gene. from infantry (ex. 1913; Art. 04/14/1913; for difference). Participant of the campaign in Vost. Prussia in 08.1914. For extremely unsuccessful leadership of the corps troops in the battles of 08/13/26/1914 at Uzdau and Soldau on 08/15/28/1914 by order of the 2nd Army, General. A.V. Samsonov was removed from office. Expelled from office with appointment to the reserve of ranks at the headquarters of the Minsk Military District (from 08/18/1914). After passing the exam. Przemysl in Galicia was appointed its commandant. As of 03.1916 - in the reserve of ranks of the Minsk Military District, seconded to the disposal of the Chief of the troops of the Southwestern Front. From 04/09/1916 in the reserve of ranks at the headquarters of the Petrograd Military District. On July 10, 1916 in the same position. Commander of the 18th Siberian Infantry Division (29.01.-12.04.1917). From 04/19/1917 he was in the reserve of ranks at the headquarters of the Dvina Military District. Dismissed from service upon request with a uniform and pension on 05/12/1917. Participated (from the laity) in the work of the Pre-Conciliar Council and elected the Patriarch of the Holy Council of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1917-1918. From 1918 to 1924 he worked in Soviet institutions in Moscow: until 1921 in the statistical department of the Moscow City Council, and then as an engineer in the Moscow Committee for State Constructions and the Moscow Military Engineering Directorate. In 04.1922 he was arrested. From 1927 to 1930 he lived in Novgorod, where he was given a significant pension for those times - 400 rubles. He spent the last two years of his life in Leningrad, where he died. He was buried in the Volkov cemetery. Awards: Order of St. Stanislaus, 3rd class. with swords and bow (1881); St. Anne 4th Art. (1881); St. Anne 3rd Art. with swords and bow (1882); St. Vladimir 3rd Art. (02/26/1899); St. Vladimir 4th Art. (1890); St. Stanislaus 2nd Art. (1893); Golden weapons (VP 08/18/1901); St. Stanislaus 1st Art. with swords (1904); St. Anne 1st Art. with swords (1905); St. Vladimir 2nd Art. (09.12.1909); White Eagle (06.12.1913); St. Alexander Nevsky (03/16/1916). Foreign orders: Persian Lion and Sun 3rd class. (1891); Bukhara Rising Star 2nd Art. (1893); French Legion of Honor Officer's Cross and Persian Lion and Sun 2nd Art. (1897); French Nishan-el-Anuar Grand Cross and Abyssinian Ethiopian Star 2nd class. (1900). Discrepancies: The list of senior officers of 1913 gives the date of birth as 02.22.1857; list of the General Staff 1914 - 02/25/1857. Works: Author of the memoirs “Through Ethiopia to the Shores of the White Nile”, M. 1979.
Leonid Konstantinovich Artamonov(February 25 - January 1) - Russian general and traveler, participant in the Russian-Japanese and First World Wars.
Biography
Born on February 25, 1859 in the village of Kapritsa, Ananyevsky district, Kherson province. He graduated from the Vladimir Kyiv Military Gymnasium, the Konstantinovsky and Mikhailovsky Artillery Schools (and was released as a second lieutenant in the 20th Artillery Brigade). Member of the Ahal-Tekin expedition of 1880-1881. In 1883 he completed his studies at the Nikolaev Engineering Academy and served in sapper units in Nikolaev and Odessa. After graduating from the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff in 1888, he was sent to serve in the Caucasian Military District, and in 1890 - to the Trans-Caspian region. He made repeated trips for reconnaissance purposes to the border regions of Turkey (1888), Persia (1889, 1891), and Afghanistan (1893). In 1896 he received the rank of colonel. In 1897, he was appointed head of the convoy of the Russian mission in Abyssinia, as a military adviser and representative of Negus Menelik II in 1898, he made a successful military expedition to the White Nile with Abyssinian troops opposing British colonial expansion. These events and the actions of the Ethiopian troops are directly related to the Fashoda crisis, but Colonel Artamonov was late with his troops to change the balance of power, however, these actions were enough for the recognition of the borders of Ethiopia by all colonial powers.
In 1904 - head of the 8th East Siberian rifle division, 54th Infantry Division. In January 1906 - temporary commander of the 8th East Siberian Rifle Division, acting. d. commandant of the Vladivostok fortress. From July 7, 1906 to December 14, 1908 - head of the 22nd Infantry Division. Lieutenant General (1907). Since December 1907, Chief Commander of Kronstadt. From March 5, 1911, he commanded the 16th Army Corps. From March 17, 1911, he commanded the 1st Army Corps. General of Infantry (1913).
General Artamonov committed an even greater crime on August 14, 1914, while commanding the 1st Army Corps in the 2nd Army of General Samsonov. General Artamonov's corps provided the left flank of the 2nd Army at Soldau. On this day, August 14, General Artamonov personally reported to General Samsonov by telephone that his corps “stands like a rock” and that the army commander “can completely rely on him,” and 10 minutes later he himself gave the order to withdraw the entire corps, without informing General Samsonov anything about it (taken from books by Colonel Bogdanovich “The Invasion of East Prussia” pp. 144-145, investigation by the commission of Adjutant General Panteleev on the causes of the death of the 2nd Army).
Camp gathering 1907 (From letters of M.V. Alekseev)
On August 18, 1914, he was removed from office after unsuccessful actions in East Prussia. Since 1914, in the reserve of ranks at the headquarters of the Minsk Military District. Since 1916, in the reserve of ranks at the headquarters of the Petrograd Military District. From January 29 to April 12, 1917, he commanded the 18th Siberian Rifle Division.
Full member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society since 1882.
After the October Revolution he lived in Moscow, worked in the Moscow City Council, from 1927 to 1930 he lived in Novgorod, from 1930 in Leningrad. He died on January 1, 1932, and was buried at the Volkovskoye cemetery in Leningrad.
Selected bibliography
Colonel Artamonov with Cossacks Shchedrov and Arkhipov upon returning from Abyssinia
- Serbian Armed Forces. St. Petersburg, 1911
- Persia as our enemy in Transcaucasia. Tiflis, 1889
- In Afghanistan. Herat province, Askhabad, 1895
- Trip to Persia. Astrabad-Shahrud region and North Khorasan. In 3 parts. Tiflis, 1894-1897
- Collection of routes in the Olty-Saganlug-Erzerum area, Tiflis, 1890
- Military-geographical sketch of Northern Azerbaijan, Tiflis, 1890
As a leading editor, he worked on multi-volume publications:
- Collection of materials on the Anglo-Boer War in South Africa. St. Petersburg, 1899-1902
- Collection of materials on China and the fight against the rebellious movement of the “Big Fists”. St. Petersburg, 1900
Awards
He had the Order of St. Stanislav 3rd class with swords and bow (1881); St. Anna 4th degree (1881); St. Anna 3rd class with swords and bow (1882); St. Vladimir 3rd degree (1899); Golden weapon with the inscription “For bravery” (1901); St. Stanislav 1st class with swords (1904); St. Anna 1st class with swords (1905); St. Vladimir 2nd degree (December 9, 1909); White Eagle (December 6, 1913); St. Alexander Nevsky (March 16, 1916), the Abyssinian Order of the Star of Ethiopia, 2nd class (1900) and the Persian Order of the Lion and the Sun, 3rd class.
Russians in Abyssinia
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Notes
Sources
- Leonid Konstantinovich Artamonov. // Avilov R.S., Ayushin N.B., Kalinin V.I. Vladivostok fortress: troops, fortification, events, people. Part I. “To spite an arrogant neighbor.” 1860–1905 Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2013. - pp. 332-337.
- Kancelson I. S. Preface // Artamonov L.K. Through Ethiopia to the banks of the White Nile. M., 1979
- Zalessky K. A. Who was who in the First World War. - M.: AST, 2003. - 896 p. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-271-06895-1.
- Datsyshen V. G. Boxer war. Military campaign Russian army and navy in China in 1900-1901. - Krasnoyarsk, 2001.
- Online ""
An excerpt characterizing Artamonov, Leonid Konstantinovich
“Don’t think so, after the first time my braids stood on end all day!” – the little girl said more cheerfully.I just wanted to kiss her! Somehow, seeing that I was ashamed of my weakness, she managed to make me feel good again immediately.
“Do you really think that little Leah’s dad and brother could be here?..,” I asked her again, surprised from the bottom of my heart.
- Certainly! They could simply have been stolen. – Stella answered quite calmly.
- How to steal? And who?..
But the little girl didn’t have time to answer... Something worse than our first “acquaintance” jumped out from behind the dense trees. It was something incredibly nimble and strong, with a small but very powerful body, every second throwing out a strange sticky “net” from its hairy belly. We didn’t even have time to utter a word when we both fell into it... Frightened, Stella began to look like a small disheveled owlet - her big blue eyes looked like two huge saucers, with splashes of horror in the middle.
I had to urgently come up with something, but for some reason my head was completely empty, no matter how hard I tried to find something sensible there... And the “spider” (we will continue to call it that, for lack of a better one) in the meantime was quite apparently dragged us into his nest, preparing to “supper”...
-Where are the people? – I asked, almost out of breath.
- Oh, you saw - there are a lot of people here. More than anywhere... But they, for the most part, are worse than these animals... And they will not help us.
- So what should we do now? – I asked mentally “chattering my teeth”.
– Remember when you showed me your first monsters, you hit them with a green beam? – Once again, her eyes sparkling mischievously (again, she came to her senses faster than me!), Stella asked cheerfully. - Let `s together?..
I realized that, fortunately, she was still going to give up. And I decided to try it, because we had nothing to lose anyway...
But we didn’t have time to hit, because at that moment the spider suddenly stopped and we, feeling a strong push, plopped down to the ground with all our might... Apparently, he dragged us to his home much earlier than we expected...
We found ourselves in a very strange room (if, of course, you could call it that). It was dark inside and there was complete silence... There was a strong smell of mold, smoke and the bark of some unusual tree. And only from time to time some faint sounds were heard, similar to groans. It was as if the “sufferers” had no strength left...
– Can’t you illuminate this somehow? – I asked Stella quietly.
“I’ve already tried, but for some reason it doesn’t work...” the little girl answered in the same whisper.
And immediately a tiny light lit up right in front of us.
“That’s all I can do here.” – The girl sighed sadly
In such dim, meager lighting, she looked very tired and as if grown up. I kept forgetting that this amazing miracle child was just nothing - five years old! she is still a very tiny girl, who this moment It must have been terribly scary. But she endured everything courageously, and even planned to fight...
– Look who’s here? – the little girl whispered.
And peering into the darkness, I saw strange “shelves” on which people were lying, as if in a drying rack.
– Mom?.. Is that you, mom??? – a surprised thin voice whispered quietly. - How did you find us?
At first I didn’t understand that the child was addressing me. Having completely forgotten why we came here, I only realized that they were asking me specifically when Stella pushed me hard in the side with her fist.
“But we don’t know what their names are!” I whispered.
- Leah, what are you doing here? – a male voice sounded.
- I'm looking for you, daddy. – Stella answered mentally in Leah’s voice.
- How did you get here? – I asked.
“Surely, just like you...” was the quiet answer. – We were walking along the shore of the lake, and did not see that there was some kind of “failure” there... So we fell through there. And there was this beast waiting... What are we going to do?
- Leave. – I tried to answer as calmly as possible.
- And the rest? Do you want to leave them all?!. – Stella whispered.
- No, of course I don’t want to! But how are you going to get them out of here?..
Then a strange, round hole opened and a viscous, red light blinded my eyes. My head felt like pincers and I was dying to sleep...
- Hold on! Just don't sleep! – Stella shouted. And I realized that this had some kind of strong effect on us. Apparently, this terrible creature needed us completely weak-willed, so that he could freely perform some kind of “ritual”.
“We can’t do anything...” Stella muttered to herself. - Well, why doesn’t it work?..
And I thought she was absolutely right. We were both just children who, without thinking, embarked on very life-threatening journeys, and now did not know how to get out of it all.
Suddenly Stella removed our superimposed “images” and we became ourselves again.
- Oh, where’s mom? Who are you?... What did you do to mom?! – the boy hissed indignantly. - Well, bring her back immediately!
I really liked his fighting spirit, bearing in mind the hopelessness of our situation.
“The thing is, your mother wasn’t here,” Stella whispered quietly. – We met your mother where you “failed” here from. They are very worried about you because they cannot find you, so we offered to help. But, as you can see, we were not careful enough, and ended up in the same terrible situation...
- How long have you been here? Do you know what they will do to us? – trying to speak confidently, I asked quietly.
- We recently... He brings new people all the time, and sometimes small animals, and then they disappear, and he brings new ones.
I looked at Stella in horror:
- This is the real one real world, and a very real danger!.. This is no longer the innocent beauty that we created!.. What are we going to do?
- Leave. “The little girl repeated stubbornly again.
– We can try, right? And grandma won’t leave us if it’s really dangerous. Apparently we can still get out on our own if she doesn’t come. Don't worry, she won't leave us.
I would like her confidence!.. Although usually I was far from being a timid person, this situation made me very nervous, since not only we were here, but also those for whom we had come into this horror. Unfortunately, I didn’t know how to get out of this nightmare.
– There is no time here, but it usually comes at the same interval, approximately like there were days on earth. “Suddenly the boy answered my thoughts.
– Have you already been today? – Stella asked, clearly delighted.
The boy nodded.
- Well, let's go? – she looked at me carefully and I realized that she was asking me to “put” my “protection” on them.
Stella was the first to stick her red head out...
- Nobody! – she was delighted. - Wow, what a horror this is!..
Of course, I couldn’t stand it and climbed after her. There really was a real “nightmare”!.. Next to our strange “place of imprisonment”, in a completely incomprehensible way, human beings were hanging in “bundles” upside down... They were suspended by their legs, and created a kind of inverted bouquet .
We came closer - none of the people showed signs of life...
– They are completely “pumped out”! – Stella was horrified. – They don’t even have a drop of vitality left!.. That’s it, let’s run away!!!
We rushed as hard as we could, somewhere to the side, absolutely not knowing where we were running, just to get away from all this blood-freezing horror... Without even thinking that we might get into the same thing again, or even worse, horror...
Suddenly it suddenly became dark. Blue-black clouds rushed across the sky, as if driven by a strong wind, although there was no wind yet. In the depths of the black clouds, dazzling lightning blazed, the mountain peaks blazed with a red glow... Sometimes the swollen clouds burst against the evil peaks and dark brown water poured out of them like a waterfall. This whole terrible picture was reminiscent of the most terrible of the terrible, a nightmare....
– Daddy, darling, I’m so scared! – the boy squealed subtly, having forgotten his former belligerence.
Suddenly one of the clouds “broke” and a blindingly bright light blazed out of it. And in this light, in a sparkling cocoon, was approaching the figure of a very thin young man, with a face as sharp as a knife blade. Everything around him shone and glowed, from this light the black clouds “melted”, turning into dirty, black rags.
- Wow! – Stella shouted joyfully. – How does he do this?!
02.25.1859 - 01.01.1932, Leningrad
Orthodox. From the nobles. Brothers: general Maximilian Konstantinovich and general Mikhail Konstantinovich. Married, 3 children (1911-1914).
Participated in the Turkestan campaigns of 1880-1881, in the Chinese campaign of 1900-1901, in Russian-Japanese war 1904-1905, in the First World War 1914-1918.
Education: Vladimir Kiev Cadet Corps (1876), 2nd Military Konstantinovsky School (1878, 1st category), Mikhailovsky Artillery School (1879, 20th Artillery Brigade), Nikolaev Engineering Academy (1884, 2nd category ), Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff (1888, 1st category).
Ranks: entered service as a cadet (09/1/1876), second lieutenant (Vys. pr. 08/9/1879), lieutenant (art. 12/20/1879), staff captain "for vacancy" (Vys. pr. and art. 08/16/1884) , captain (05/31/1888), lieutenant colonel (08/30/1892), colonel (03/24/1896), major general "for military distinction" from art. 09/14/1900 (Vys. Ave. 1901), lieutenant general (04/22/1907), infantry general (04/14/1913).
Service: studied at the 2nd Konstantinovsky Military School (1.09.1876-1878), studied at the Mikhailovsky Artillery School (1878-9.08.1879), in the 20th Artillery Brigade (9.08.1879-?), in the 11th Engineer Battalion (on 08/16/1884), studied at the Nikolaev Engineering Academy (1882-1884), company commander in the 12th engineer battalion (03/20/1884-07/30/1885), studied at the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff (1885-1888), senior adjutant headquarters of the 1st Caucasian Cossack Division (11.26.1888-06.22.1889), chief officer for assignments at the headquarters of the Caucasian Military District (06.22.1889-05.26.1890), chief officer for assignments at the headquarters of the troops of the Transcaspian region (05.26. 1890-30.08.1892), senior adjutant of the headquarters of the Amur Military District (30.08.1892-30.01.1893), staff officer for assignments at the headquarters of the troops of the Trans-Caspian region (30.01.1893-17.06.1895), staff officer at the control of 2- 1st Transcaspian Rifle Brigade (06/17/1895-11/15/1897), at the disposal of the Chief of the General Staff (11/15/1897-02/17/1901), served the qualification command of the battalion in the Life Guards Moscow Regiment (05/18/27/08/1899), Chief of Staff South Manchurian detachment (1900), commander of the 2nd brigade of the 31st Infantry Division (02/7/1901-10/30/1903), head of the 8th East Siberian Rifle Brigade (10/30/1903-02/22/1904), commander (02/22/1904) .-10/17/1904), commander of the 54th Infantry Division (10/17/1904-07/4/1906), a.r. commander of the 8th East Siberian Rifle Division with the order to assume the position of commandant of the region. Vladivostok, with the rights of temporary Governor-General of the Vladivostok Fortress District (01.-7.07.1906), seconded to the General Staff (4-7.07.1906), head of the 22nd Infantry Division (7.07.1906-14.12.1908), chief commander of Kronstadt (14.12. 1908-31.12.1910), commandant of the Kronstadt fortress and chief leader of defensive work in Kronstadt (31.12.1910-5.03.1911), commander of the 16th Army Corps (5-17.03.1911), commander of the 1st Army Corps (17.03. 1911-18.08.1914), in the reserve of ranks of the Minsk Military District (18.08.1914-?), commandant of the Przemysl fortress (1915), in the reserve of ranks at the headquarters of the Petrograd Military District (9.04.1916-29.01.1917), temporary commander of the 18th th Siberian Rifle Division (29.01.-12.04.1917).
Awards: S3mb (Vys. pr. 1881), A4 (Vys. pr. 1881), A3mb (Vys. pr. 1882), B3 (Vys. pr. 1899), gold medal named after. gr. F. P. Litke for works in the field of geography (1899), ZO (Vys. pr. 1901), S1m (Vys. pr. 1904), A1m (Vys. pr. 1905), B2 (Vys. pr. 12/9/1909 ), BO (Vys. pr. 12/6/1913), AN (Vys. pr. 03/16/1916).
Other information: in 1882 he was elected a full member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society for a report on the Ahal-Tekin oasis, in 1888 he published 3 issues of routes and a study of the Erzurum vilayet. In 1897 he was sent to Abyssinia, as part of an emergency mission, first sent to the Emperor of Ethiopia, Menelik II. Upon the arrival of the mission at Menelik's residence - Addis Ababa, he, at the request of the Negus, went to the corps of Dadyazmatch Tasama, who had the task of reaching the river. Bel. Nile at the latitude of Lado and concentrated in the west. border of Ethiopia, near the town of Gore. Accompanied by two Cossacks, with a small caravan, he covered 20 marches of approx. 700 ver. to Gore, but did not find Tasama there yet. Then he went through completely unknown countries to connect with Tasama and on April 15, 1898 he finally reached the Abyssinian camp near the river. Jubes. Here he found 2 Frenchmen left over from Bonchamp’s unsuccessful expedition in 1897, whose goal was to go to Bel. Neil, join Marchand and hoist the French flag on the lion. bank of the river, according to Menelik's treaty with France. Having completed 11 transitions, Tasama's corps entered the Shir desert and, lacking water-lifting equipment, found itself in an extremely difficult situation. For military Abyssinian council military leaders, in which Artamonov also took part, it was decided: with the main forces to go to the upper reaches of the river. Juba, and to Bel. Neil sent a selected detachment of 1½ thousand people. Artamonov went with this detachment and on June 10, 1898 reached the confluence of the river. Sobat with Bel. Nile, which here reaches a width of 630 fathoms. and has a very fast current and great depth. Because no one dared to cross to the opposite bank and hoist the French flag there, then Artamonov, knowing the contemptuous opinion of the Abyssinians about the courage and determination of the “whites,” with the words: “I will help the French state,” rushed into the water, accompanied by his Cossacks, and reached the lion. banks of the river and the French planted it there. flag. Having returned to Addis Ababa on 12/20/1898 in Djibouti, on 01/5/1899 he set out from there, crossed by sea into the English protectorate and became familiar with the coast from Zeila to Berbera. Member of the Local Council as a member of the Pre-Conciliar Council (1917-18), worked in the Moscow City Council (1918-1924). 04.1927 - repressed by the Bolsheviks, 12.1927 - exiled to Novgorod, 1930 - rehabilitated, returned to Moscow. He was buried at the Volkovo Orthodox Cemetery.
Essays:
Persia as our enemy in Transcaucasia. Tiflis, 1889
Routes around Az. Turkey, Tiflis, 1889
North Azerbaijan, Tiflis, 1890-91
Astrabad-Shahrud-Bastim region and northern. Khorosan, Tiflis, 1892-93
Herat theater of military operations, Askhabad, 1893
Collection of materials on the Anglo-Boer War in South Africa. St. Petersburg, 1899-1902
Collection of materials on China and the fight against the rebellious movement of the “Big Fists”. St. Petersburg, 1900
Serbian Armed Forces. St. Petersburg, 1911
Through Ethiopia to the banks of the White Nile. M., 1979.
Illustrations:
Major General Artamonov L.K., drawing
Sources:
Highest orders about military ranks, 08.1884
The highest orders on military ranks, 10.1903
Chronicle of the War with Japan, 1904, No. 8
List of the General Staff, 06/1/1911
List of the General Staff, 06/1/1914
List of the General Staff, 01/01/1916
List of the General Staff, 01/3/1917
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I first learned about this man many years ago, reading a thin notebook with the memories of my grandfather, a Russian army officer who participated in the East Prussian operation, which was tragic for the Russian troops. My grandfather then served as an orderly officer under the head of the 22nd Infantry Division as part of the 1st Army Corps, part of the notorious 2nd Army of General Samsonov.
In order to weaken the pressure of the German troops rushing to Paris and save allied France from defeat, the Russian command decided to strike the Germans in East Prussia. The direction of the main attack of Samsonov’s army passed through the small Prussian town of Soldau (Soldau), which was occupied by Russian troops without a fight. “The corps commander, Infantry General Artamonov, sent a telegram Supreme Commander-in-Chief: Soldau at the feet of Your Imperial Highness,” my grandfather wrote in his memoirs.
So the name of the commander of the 1st Army Corps, General Artamonov, was heard. The capture of Soldau was the last success in his career - a brilliant and amazing career... But how many can say something about this man? Hardly. For example, in the book published in 2000 by K.A. Zalessky "First World War. Biographical encyclopedic Dictionary“There is neither a separate article about Artamonov nor even an indication of the date of his death.
His Majesty chance helped me find out more about this man. Once again, rummaging through my home library, I came across a small brochure published in 1979: “L.K. Artamonov. Through Ethiopia to the shores of the White Nile."
That's how! Is there a connection here? After all, where is the White Nile, and where is the Prussian Soldau! But Artamanov turned out to be exactly that. The amazing fate of a Russian officer and general, a talented explorer and geographer, now almost completely forgotten, was revealed to me.
Leonid Konstantinovich Artamonov was born on February 25, 1859 on a small farm in the Kherson province into a poor large family (besides him there were 7 brothers and 2 sisters). In 1869, he entered the gymnasium of the city of Nemirov, but a year later, thanks to a happy coincidence, he ended up in the Vladimir Kyiv military gymnasium (at that time cadet corps were transformed into military gymnasiums), taking the first step towards military career. Upon completion at the age of 17, he entered the 2nd Konstantinovskoe military school, and in 1878 transferred to the famous Mikhailovskoe artillery school, is released from there as a second lieutenant and sent to serve in the Caucasus as the commander of an artillery battery.
In 1880, the battery commanded by Artamonov was included in the detachment of General M.D. Skobelev, who carried out the so-called 2nd Akhal-Teke expedition with the goal of annexing part of present-day Turkmenistan to Russia. Here, participating in hostilities, including the siege and storming of the Geok-Tepe fortress, Artamonov received his first military awards, proving himself to be a brave and proactive officer.
Upon returning from Turkmenistan, Leonid Konstantinovich entered the Nikolaev Engineering Academy in 1882, from which he graduated the following year. He was elected a full member of the Russian Geographical Society for his report on the Akhal-Teke oasis, and in 1885-1888 he studied at the Academy of the General Staff, after which he was again sent to serve in the Caucasus, and then to Central Asia.
Here, the young officer of the General Staff Artamonov has to travel a lot, both through little-explored outskirts Russian Empire, and in neighboring countries: Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan. “As a result of these trips, voluminous volumes appeared that contained information that has not lost its scientific significance to this day, especially for the study of orography, hydrography, history and economics of the areas he visited.” In 1896 L.K. Artamonov becomes a colonel, and soon the most amazing journey of his life begins.
End of the 19th century. The colonial division of the world ends with the leading European powers. England and France have especially succeeded in this, but others are not far behind. As a result, there is only one left on the map of Africa independent state– Ethiopia (Abyssinia), with which Russia decides to establish diplomatic relations and in 1897 sends a mission to Addis Ababa. In addition to diplomats, it was supposed to include several military officials.
The selection of candidate officers was very strict, and the decisive factor in determining the choice of one of them was a letter from the commander of the Trans-Caspian Military District, General A.N. Kuropatkin to the Chief of the General Staff N.N. Obruchev:
In view of the seriousness of the task and the need to treat the military-political study of Abyssinia thoroughly, impartially and with great caution in relations with government officials and the population, it would seem necessary to entrust such an assignment to a person experienced and prepared for this by previous service. Of all the officers of the General Staff personally known to me, I recognize Colonel Artamonov as the most suitable.
The issue was resolved, and Leonid Konstantinovich went to Ethiopia. On November 9, 1897, the Russian diplomatic mission landed in the French possession of Djibouti on the shores of the Gulf of Aden. Although by that time the Franco-Russian alliance, the famous “Entente,” had already existed for three years, the French were not at all happy about the appearance of the Russians on their territory and created various obstacles for them. But, despite all the difficulties, the mission still reached Addis Ababa on February 4, 1898, and the next day entered the capital of Ethiopia, “where the Russian envoys were given such a solemn welcome that no foreign embassy had ever received before.” Here, in the depths of Africa, Russian diplomats and officers found themselves at the epicenter of the struggle between British and French interests.
England sought to unite its possessions in the south African continent with Egypt, even planning to build a trans-African railway from Cape Town to Cairo. The French moved from the west, from the Sahara, with the intention of connecting their West African possessions with colonies on the east coast of the continent. Ethiopia, finding itself at the crossroads of these interests and forced to choose the lesser of two evils, decided to draw the western border of the state along the right bank of the White Nile, agreeing that the French flag would be raised on its left bank.
In order to occupy the territory near the White Nile, inhabited by unsubordinate tribes, and thereby prevent the advance of the British, a detachment of Ethiopian troops was sent to this area, which included two Frenchmen. Apparently, Negus Menelik II did not really trust them, since he asked the head of the Russian mission to also send “a Russian officer with the detachment, and asked to entrust him with drawing up a map of the occupied country in the White Nile basin.” And Leonid Konstantinovich Artamonov, together with two Don Cossacks, Arkhipov and Shchedrov, set off, writing in his report:
We have to travel about 1000 miles from Addis Ababa through a very little explored country.
At the end of June 1898, the detachment with Artamonov reached the White Nile at the confluence of the Sobat River, where the Sudanese city of Malakal is now located. And then an event occurred that showed the determination and courage of the Russian officer.
As planned, Ethiopian soldiers hoisted the flag of their country on the right bank. The French, in order to plant their flag, needed to cross to the other side of the river, but there were no means of crossing nearby, and no one dared to cross the river by swimming because of its width and the many crocodiles and hippos. Artamonov wrote:
The position of the French was truly pitiful: they rushed with their flag first to the natives, then to the Abyssinians, promising a generous reward for this, but everywhere they met cold refusal; none of the black people wanted to risk their lives for the interests of white aliens.
The French finally seduced one of the natives with promises of a piece of canvas, and he, making a raft out of straw, entered the water. And then the unexpected happened. Leonid Konstantinovich Artamonov spoke about it this way:
The French, arrogant and absurd, who caused us a lot of trouble, now at an important moment, in their own words, for their fatherland, shamefully became cowardly and instead of themselves sent with the French flag to risk their lives and take over the country (!) the poor hungry savage Yambo, seducing him with a piece of canvas ; ...the fallen prestige of the white man now falls even lower.
I quickly crossed myself, tore off my shirt and threw myself into the river (leaving my boots on my bare feet in the swamp). Behind me I heard screams, groans and exclamations: “Oh, Yehud!” – but didn’t turn around. After about two minutes of intense work, I hear my fellow Cossacks catching up with me. “Hold on, guys, in the name of God and the glory of Russia! Let’s not disgrace the Russian name!” - “We hold on, we won’t be put to shame. Help us, God! - answered the Cossacks.
...Finally, the Cossack Arkhipov felt the bottom and screamed. They added more effort - and everyone stood with their feet on the viscous, muddy bottom. “Thank God,” we crossed ourselves. We reached the reeds, diving into the deep tracks of hippopotamuses. “Hurray for the Emperor and Russia!” And all of us, with our last strength, shouted our joyful, victorious “Hurray!” three times... We looked back - the figures of people on the other bank were barely visible... And now, on the left bank of the White Nile, we loudly and joyfully in honor of our great sovereign, the Emperor and Russia they began to shout at the top of their lungs, “Hurray, hurray, hurray!”... It is impossible to convey the mixed feeling of gratitude to God, joy, pride that pressed our chests... Then, on behalf of the Emperor, we, having hoisted the French flag on solid ground, provided it to France.
The return journey for tired people turned out to be even more difficult. In addition, crocodiles had already rushed after them, but the swimmers managed to jump out of the water. On land, the Ethiopian warriors admired the act, exclaiming: “The Russians are lions! Well done, well done!” And at night, Leonid Konstantinovich became ill from tension, and he lost consciousness.
Colonel L.K. Artamonov with the Cossacks Shchedrov and Arkhipov upon returning from Africa (1899)
Upon returning to his homeland, Artamonov, together with the Cossacks, was received by the emperor. He made a report on the expedition in Russian geographical society, having received for his research gold medal named after F.P. Litke. In 1901 he was promoted to major general.
For his skillful actions and courage in the Russo-Japanese War, he was awarded the Orders of St. Anne and St. Stanislav - both first class and with swords (which means an award for military merit); at the beginning of 1906, he was appointed to the post of commandant of the powerful Vladivostok fortress with rights of interim Governor-General of the Vladivostok region, and in May of the same year he was appointed head of the 22nd infantry division and a year later promoted to lieutenant general. In 1911, he became commander of the 1st Army Corps, soon receiving the rank of general from the infantry. In this capacity he met the First World War.
Let us now return again to August 1914 in East Prussia, to the small town of Soldau. It was in its vicinity that one of the largest tragedies in the history of the Russian army unfolded. I will not analyze the causes of this tragedy: mountains of specialized literature have been written about this. However, one of the reasons was that the Germans, on behalf of the commander of the 1st Army Corps, General Artamonov, transmitted by radio (the communication was not properly protected) an order to units of the corps to retreat, causing disorganization in the Russian troops. Commander of the 2nd Army, General A.V. Samsonov shot himself, not wanting to be captured, General Dushkevich took over his duties, and Artamonov was removed from office and put under investigation. But Russia again rescued France with its sacrifices, and the Russian Minister of War Sukhomlinov said at the same time to the French Ambassador Maurice Paleologue, who demanded a new offensive by Russian troops:
Do not forget, Mr. Ambassador, that we have already sacrificed the lives of 110,000 soldiers at Soldau to help the French army.
However, now all this has been forgotten, and Russia is paying off debts to France on loans from a hundred years ago: after all, the lives and blood of Russian soldiers by the standards of “expensive” (they cost Russia very dearly!) Western “friends” are not worth much!
The officer who commanded the company covering the last bridge near Soldau spoke about the behavior of Leonid Konstantinovich at the most critical moment of the battle:
Artamonov crossed the bridge and remained with the company, sitting on the rampart of his trench, watered by artillery. A third of the company had already dropped out, but he sat quietly; then he looked at his watch and said that it was time, the bridge was blown up, and the company began to retreat. Perhaps with this he thought to make up for the failure of his corps, realizing that his career was over.
Although Artamonov was rehabilitated, he no longer held high positions and retired in May 1917. October Revolution He took it calmly, from 1918 to 1921 he worked in the statistical department of the Moscow City Council, and then until 1927 as an engineer in the Moscow Committee of State Constructions and the Moscow Military Engineering Directorate, after which he retired and settled in Novgorod. For the last two years he lived in Leningrad, where he died on January 1, 1932.
And the notes of Leonid Konstantinovich Artamonov about his journey to the great African river, to places where he was not only the first Russian, but also, probably, the first European, were first published only in 1979 in the brochure that I have already mentioned. It is possible that this is, in general, the only publication about him.
Vladimir Agte,
member of the Union of Journalists of Russia
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