Leonid Krivoshein pilot. Voronezh

He graduated from seven classes of the Voronezh gymnasium (1917). While studying at the gymnasium from December 1914 to June 1916, he was engaged in tutoring in the city of Ostrogozhsk.

In the RCP(b) since 1919.

He died on September 16, 1978 in Krasnogorsk, Moscow Region. He was buried in Moscow at the Kuntsevo cemetery (plot 9-3).

Education. He graduated from the Novocherkassk Cavalry KUKS (1926), VA them. Frunze (1931), VAK at VVA im. Voroshilov (1952).

Military service. In the Red Army, voluntarily since July 1918.

Participation in wars, military conflicts. Civil War (Southern Front, Deninkin, Crimea, Wrangel). Soviet-Polish war (1920). The fight against banditry (Makhno in Ukraine, Ryabokon in the North Caucasus). Spanish Civil War. Polish campaign (1939). Soviet-Finnish war (1939 - 1940). The Great Patriotic War.

Service in the Red Army. Since July 1918 - a Red Army soldier of the 107th rifle regiment of the Voronezh province. From May 1919 - Red Army soldier of the 12th Cavalry Regiment (12th Infantry Division, Southern Front). Since November 1919 - Commissar of the squadron of the 34th Cavalry Regiment of the 6th Cavalry Division (1st Cavalry Army). Since April 1920, he was successively appointed to the post of military commissar in the 31st, 33rd and 34th cavalry regiments. From September to November 1920 he was a temporary military commissar of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade of the 6th Cavalry Division of the 1st Cavalry Army. Since November 1920 - instructor of the political department of the 6th cavalry division.

Since January 1921 - Head of Intelligence of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade of the 6th Cavalry Division (1st Cavalry Army, North Caucasian Military District). Since July 1921 - an officer for assignments under the commander of the 1st brigade. From May 1922 - platoon commander, and from January 1923 - squadron commander of the 32nd Cavalry Regiment. From October 1923 - squadron commander of the 27th Cavalry Regiment (5th Cavalry Division, North Caucasian Military District).

From November 1925 to September 1926 - a student of the Novocherkassk cavalry advanced training courses for commanders.

From September 1926 - squadron commander of the 27th Cavalry Regiment (5th Cavalry Division, North Caucasian Military District).

From September 1928 to May 1931 - student of the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze.

From May 1931 - Chief of Staff of the 7th Mechanized Regiment of the 7th Cavalry Division (Leningrad Military District). From February 1933 - Assistant Chief of the 1st Department of the Motorization and Mechanization Directorate of the Red Army. From May 1934 - commander of the 6th mechanized regiment of the 6th Cossack division (Belarusian Military District).

In 1935, he went on business trips to Czechoslovakia and France, for which he was awarded the Order of the Red Star. From September 1936 to March 1937, he volunteered during the Spanish Civil War, where he commanded a tank detachment and participated, among other things, in the defense of Madrid. For participation in hostilities in Spain, Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein was awarded the Order of Lenin.

After returning to the USSR, by order of the NPO No. 02524 dated July 21, 1937, he was appointed commander of the 8th division. mechanized brigade (Kyiv VO), in October 1938 transformed into the 29th department. light tank brigade, after which it was redeployed to the Belarusian Military District.

In 1938, on the instructions of Marshal Soviet Union K. E. Voroshilov Krivoshein was sent to the battle area near Lake Khasan as a representative of the commission to investigate the causes of unsuccessful military operations. After returning from a business trip, he was again appointed to the post of commander of the 29th division. light tank brigade.

He took part in the hostilities during the Polish campaign, during which on September 22, 1939, together with General G. Guderian, he took part in the transfer of Brest-nad-Bug to the USSR.

Soon took part in Soviet-Finnish war: February 27th 29th tank brigade under the command of Krivoshein, consisting of 256 T-26 tanks, she was redeployed from Brest, and in March, along with the 34th rifle corps, she captured Vyborg by storm.

By order of the NPO No. 02069 dated 05/09/1940, he was appointed commander of the 15th motorized rifle division. NKO By Order No. 0066 of 06/04/1940 - appointed commander of the 2nd Panzer Division (3rd Mechanized Corps). By order of the NPO No. 05504 dated 12/09/1940, he was appointed head of the Armored Directorate of the Baltic OVO. By order of the NPO No. 0012 dated March 11, 1941, he was appointed commander of the 25th mechanized corps (Kharkov Military District).

From July 1941, the corps under the command of Krivoshein led offensive and defensive fighting against enemy troops in the area of ​​the cities of Rogachev, Zhlobin and Gomel. Soon he took part in the defense of Mogilev.

By order of the NPO No. 001056 dated 10/10/1941, he was appointed head of the Combat Training Directorate of the Main Armored Directorate of the Red Army. By order of the NCO No. 015 dated 01.1943, he was appointed head of the Combat Training Directorate of the Main Directorate for the Formation and Combat Training of the BT&MV KA. By order of the NPO No. 0708 dated February 7, 1943, he was appointed commander of the 3rd mechanized corps, who took part in the Battle of Kursk, and then in the Belgorod-Kharkov offensive operation.

By order of the NPO No. 306 of 10/23/1943, for the courage and heroism of the personnel, the 3rd mechanized corps was transformed into the 8th guards. mechanized, which soon took part in hostilities during the Zhytomyr-Berdichev offensive operation, during which it traveled up to 300 km and participated in the liberation of a number of settlements, including the cities of Kazatin and Berdichev.

By order of the NPO No. 051 dated February 10, 1944, he was appointed commander of the 1st mechanized corps, which took part in the Proskurov-Chernivtsi, Belorussian, Vistula-Oder and Berlin offensive operations, during which he distinguished himself in forcing the Schara River, liberating Slonim, Brest and Berlin.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 29, 1945, for the skillful command of the corps and personal courage, Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the medal " Golden Star"(No. 5869).

After the end of the war, Krivoshein continued to command the 1st mechanized corps as part of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, which in July 1945 was transformed into the 1st mechanized division.

By order of the MVS of the USSR No. 0530 dated July 29, 1946, he was the head of the department of tactics of armored and mechanized troops of the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze. By order of the Ministry of Armed Forces No. 01525 dated October 03, 1949, from October 12, 1949, he was placed at the disposal of the Main Directorate of Personnel of the USSR Armed Forces for referral for treatment with payment of full financial support for 6 months.

By order of the MVS No. 01419 dated March 14, 1950, he was appointed commander of the BTIMV of the Odessa Military District. By order of the VM No. 027u dated 12/22/1951 (p "6") for an irresponsible attitude to his official duties and poor management of the training of the armored and mechanized troops of the district, he was removed from the post of commander of the BTiMB of the Odessa Military District. By order of the VM No. 034 of 01/04/1952, he was placed at the disposal of the commander of the BT and MB SA.

From February to November 1952 - a student of higher academic courses at the Higher Military Academy named after K. E. Voroshilov.

By order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 01185 dated May 4, 1953, he was transferred to the reserve under Art. 59 paragraph "b" (due to illness) with the right to wear military uniform with special distinctive signs on shoulder straps.

Military ranks: colonel (1936), brigade commander (Order of the NPO No. 1555 / p of 04/10/1937), major general (Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR No. 945 of 06/04/1940), lieutenant general of military service (Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR No. 900 of 21.08. 1943).

Awards: Medal "Gold Star" (No. 5869, 05/29/1945); three Orders of Lenin (1937, 1945, 05/29/1945); three Orders of the Red Banner (02/22/1930, 1944, 1949); Order of Kutuzov, 1st class (04/06/1945); Order of Suvorov II degree (08/27/1943); Order of Kutuzov II degree (1944); Order of the Red Star (1935); medals.

Foreign awards: Order of the Cross of Grunwald (Poland); two Polish medals.

Honorary citizen of Brest.

transcript

1 Krivoshein Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein Semyon Moiseevich commander of the 1st Krasnograd Red Banner Mechanized Corps of the 2nd Guards Tank Army of the 1st Belorussian Front, Guard Lieutenant General of Tank Forces. Born November 28, 1899 in the city of Voronezh in the family of a handicraftsman. Jew. Member of the RCP(b) since 1919. He graduated from the 7th grade of the gymnasium in Voronezh.

2 In the Red Army since July 1918. Member of the Civil War. He was a Red Army soldier of the 107th Infantry Regiment in the Voronezh province, since May 1919 - a Red Army soldier of the 12th Cavalry Regiment of the 12th Infantry Division of the Southern Front in Lugansk. Since November 1919 - the military commissar of the squadron of the 34th cavalry regiment of the 6th cavalry division of the First Cavalry Army, since April 1920 - the military commissar of the 31st, 33rd and 34th cavalry regiments, since November 1920 - the instructor of the political department of the 6th and cavalry division. He fought on the Southern Front against the armies of Denikin and Wrangel, on the Southwestern Front against the Polish troops. Since 1921 - head of intelligence of the 2nd cavalry brigade, officer for assignments under the commander of the 1st brigade, commander of a platoon and squadron of the 32nd cavalry regiment of the 1st Cavalry Army of the North Caucasian Military District. From November 1923 to November 1925 - squadron commander of the 27th cavalry regiment of the 5th cavalry division in the same district. In 1926 he graduated from the courses of the commanders of the cavalry of the Red Army in Novocherkassk, then again served in the 5th cavalry division. From September 1928 - again at school. In 1931 he graduated military academy Red Army named after M.V. Frunze. Since May 1931 - Chief of Staff of the 7th Mechanized Regiment of the 7th Cavalry Division of the Leningrad Military District. Since February 1933 - Assistant Chief of the 1st Department of the Motorization and Mechanization Directorate of the Red Army. Since May 1934 - commander of the 6th mechanized regiment of the 6th Cossack division. For a year he was on long business trips in Czechoslovakia and France. From September 1936 to March 1937 he participated in the national revolutionary war of the Spanish people, commanded tank units. Kombrig (1937). From June 1937 - commander of the 8th separate mechanized brigade of the Kiev military district. Member of the battles with the Japanese militarists near Lake Khasan in 1938, where he was seconded to investigate the causes of unsuccessful actions. A participant in the liberation campaign of the Red Army in Western Belarus in 1939, at the final stage of which, on September 22, 1939, brigade commander Krivoshein S.M. together with the German General G. Guderian, they took the parade of Soviet and German troops in the Belarusian city of Brest ...

3 In the years he participated in the Soviet-Finnish "winter" war, where he commanded the same brigade, already reorganized into the 8th tank. By the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of June 4, 1940, Krivoshein S.M. assigned military rank"major general". From May 1940 he commanded the 15th Mechanized Division, from June 1940 - the 2nd Panzer Division in the 3rd Mechanized Corps. Since December 1940 - Head of the Armored Directorate of the Baltic Special Military District. From March 1941 - commander of the 25th mechanized corps in the Kharkov military district. Member of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. The 25th corps under his command fought with fascist german invaders as part of the 21st Army on the Western, Central and Bryansk fronts, participated in the Smolensk defensive battle near the cities of Rogachev, Zhlobin, Gomel. Since October 1941 - Head of the Combat Training Directorate of the Main Armored Directorate of the Red Army. Since February 1943, he commanded the 3rd Mechanized Corps, which was transformed on October 23, 1943 into the 8th Guards Mechanized Corps. As part of the 1st Tank (then 1st Guards Tank) Army, he fought on the Voronezh and 1st Ukrainian fronts. Participated in the Battle of Kursk, Belgorod-Kharkov, Zhytomyr-Berdichev offensive operations. On August 21, 1943, Major General S.M. Krivoshein awarded the military rank of Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces. From February 10, 1944 until the end of the war, Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces Krivoshein S.M. - commander of the 1st Krasnograd mechanized corps on the 1st Ukrainian and 1st Belorussian fronts, at the head of which he participated in the Proskurov-Chernivtsi, Belorussian, Vistula-Oder, Berlin offensive operations. Parts of the corps distinguished themselves during the crossing of the Shchara River, the liberation of the cities of Slonim, Brest (Belarus). The tankers and their commander acted bravely in the Berlin operation and in street battles in the capital of Nazi Germany, the city of Berlin. Introduced into the breakthrough on the first day of the operation, April 16, the corps successively broke through several defense lines on the outskirts of Berlin and on April 20 captured the city of Bernau - a powerful center of resistance on the outskirts of it. On April 21, parts of the corps broke into

4 suburbs of Berlin, captured its northeastern suburbs, crossed the canal and the Spree River. On April 23, they connected with the tanks of the 1st Ukrainian Front, closing the encirclement around Berlin. then, until May 2, the corps fought heavy street battles, clearing the Charlottenburg district of Berlin and completing the assault in the central part of the city. In the Berlin operation, the tank fighters of General Krivosheev destroyed up to 9,000 soldiers and officers, 58 tanks, 61 assault guns, 282 field and anti-aircraft guns, 80 mortars, 810 machine guns, 252 vehicles, 34 aircraft. 2494 prisoners, 11 tanks, 234 different guns, 42 mortars, 273 machine guns, 24 warehouses, 15 echelons, 180 trucks and special vehicles were captured. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 29, 1945, for the skillful command of the corps and the personal courage of the guards, Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces Krivoshein Semyon Moiseevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (5869). After the war, the brave commander continued to command the 1st Mechanized Corps (soon reorganized into the 1st Mechanized Division) in the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany. From June 1946 to October 1949 - Head of the Department of Armored and Mechanized Troops at the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze. From March 1950 to January 1952 - Commander of the armored and mechanized troops of the Odessa Military District. In November 1952, he graduated from the Higher Academic Courses at the Higher Military Academy named after K.E. Voroshilov, but did not receive a new appointment. Since May 1953, Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces Krivoshein S.M. - in the reserve, and then retired. Died September 16, 1978. He was buried in the hero city of Moscow at the Kuntsevo cemetery (site 9-3). He was awarded three orders of Lenin (1937, ...), three orders of the Red Banner (1928, 1944, ...), orders of Kutuzov 1st degree (), Suvorov 2nd degree (), Kutuzov 2nd degree (1944 ), Red Star (1935), medals, foreign awards - the Order of the Cross of Grunwald (Poland) and two Polish medals. He was awarded the title "Honorary Citizen of the City of Brest".

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early years

Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein was born on November 28, 1899 in the city of Voronezh in the family of a handicraftsman (Jew). He graduated from the 7th grade of the gymnasium.

In 1918 he volunteered for the Red Army. Member of the Civil War.

In 1918-1919 he was a soldier of the 107th Infantry Regiment, then a Red Army soldier of the 12th Cavalry Regiment of the 12th Infantry Division.

From November 1919 - squadron commissar of the 34th cavalry regiment of the 6th cavalry division.

In 1920 he served as commissar of the 31st, 33rd and 34th cavalry regiments.

Between wars

With the end of the Civil War, he moved from political to command positions - brigade intelligence chief, platoon commander, squadron commander in the 5th cavalry division.

In 1926 he graduated from the courses of command personnel in Novocherkassk.

In 1928-1931 he studied at the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze.

In 1931-1933 he was Chief of Staff of the 7th Mechanized Regiment of the 7th Cavalry Division.

In 1933-1934 he was assistant chief of the 1st department of the mechanization and motorization department of the Red Army.

In 1934-1936 he was commander of the 6th Mechanized Regiment of the 6th Cavalry Division.

Spain, Hassan, Poland, Finland

In 1936, Krivoshein volunteered to take part in civil war in Spain, where he commanded tank units in the defense of Madrid.

Upon his return from Spain, he was appointed commander of the 8th mechanized brigade of the Separate Red Banner Far Eastern Army. He took part in the battles with the Japanese at Lake Khasan in 1938.

In 1939, Krivoshein commanded the 29th light tank brigade, with which he participated in the Soviet-Polish war.

On September 22, 1939, brigade commander S. M. Krivoshein, together with the German general G. Guderian, participated in the ceremony of transferring Brest-nad-Bug to the USSR (the so-called "joint parade in Brest").

In 1940, S. M. Krivoshein participated in the Soviet-Finnish war. On February 27, the 29th light tank brigade under his command, consisting of 256 T-26 tanks, is transferred from Brest. On March 13, together with the 34th Rifle Corps, he stormed the city of Vyborg.

At the end of the war, he was appointed commander of the 15th Motorized Division.

With the introduction of general ranks in the Red Army, by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of June 4, 1940, Krivoshein was awarded the military rank of major general.

In June-December 1940 - commander of the 2nd Panzer Division of the 3rd Mechanized Corps, then - head of the Auto-Armored Directorate of the Baltic Special Military District.

From April 1941 - commander of the 25th mechanized corps.

The Great Patriotic War

Since the beginning of the war, S. M. Krivoshein fought with the German troops on the Central Front, participated in the defense of Mogilev.

From October 1941 - head of the combat training department of the Main Auto-Armored Directorate of the Red Army.

Since February 1943, S. M. Krivoshein was again at the front - he commanded the 3rd mechanized corps (later the 8th guards), with which he took part in the Battle of Kursk.

On August 21, 1943, Major General S. M. Krivoshein was awarded the military rank of Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces.

In October 1943, S. M. Krivoshein was wounded and until February 1944 he was treated.

From February 10, 1944 until the end of the war, Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces S. M. Krivoshein was the commander of the 1st Krasnograd mechanized corps, which distinguished itself in forcing the Shchara River, liberating the cities of Slonim and Brest. But especially - in the Berlin operation and in street battles in the capital of Germany - the city of Berlin.

For skillful command of the corps and personal courage, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 29, 1945, Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces Krivoshein Semyon Moiseevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

After the war

At the end of the war, S. M. Krivoshein was appointed commander of the 1st mechanized division.

In 1946-1950, he was the head of the department of tactics at the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze.

In 1950-1952 - Commander of the Armored and Mechanized Troops of the Odessa Military District.

In 1952-1953 - a student of the Higher Academic Courses at the Military Academy General Staff.

Lived in Moscow.

Buried in Moscow.

Awards

• three orders of Lenin
• three orders of the Red Banner
• Order of Kutuzov 1st class
• Order of Suvorov 2nd class
• Order of the Red Star
• medals
• He was awarded the title "Honorary Citizen of the City of Brest".

Memory

The following were named after S. M. Krivoshein:

• ship of the Ministry of the River Fleet.
• streets in Voronezh and Brest.
• street in the town of Stroitel, Belgorod region.

Compositions

Wrote 4 books of memoirs:

• "Through the Storms"
• "Mezhdubure"
• "Chongarians"
• "War story"

Born on November 28, 1899 in the city of Voronezh (Russia) in the family of a handicraftsman. Jew. He graduated from the 7th grade of the gymnasium.
In the Red Army since July 1918.
Participated in the Civil War, was a Red Army soldier of the 107th Infantry Regiment in the Voronezh province, from May 1919 - a Red Army soldier of the 12th Cavalry Regiment of the 12th Infantry Division of the Southern Front in Lugansk. Since November 1919 - the military commissar of the squadron of the 34th cavalry regiment of the 6th cavalry division of the First Cavalry Army, since April 1920 - the military commissar of the 31st, 33rd and 34th cavalry regiments, since November 1920 - the instructor of the political department of the 6th and cavalry division. He fought on the Southern Front against the armies of Denikin and Wrangel, on the Southwestern Front against the Polish troops. Since 1921 - head of intelligence of the 2nd cavalry brigade, officer for assignments under the commander of the 1st brigade, commander of a platoon and squadron of the 32nd cavalry regiment of the 1st Cavalry Army of the North Caucasian Military District. From November 1923 to November 1925 - squadron commander of the 27th cavalry regiment of the 5th cavalry division in the same district.
In 1926 he graduated from the courses of the commanders of the cavalry of the Red Army in Novocherkassk, then again served in the 5th cavalry division. From September 1928 - again at school.
In 1931 he graduated from the Military Academy of the Red Army. M. V. Frunze.
Since May 1931 - Chief of Staff of the 7th Mechanized Regiment of the 7th Cavalry Division of the Leningrad Military District. Since February 1933 - Assistant Chief of the 1st Department of the Motorization and Mechanization Directorate of the Red Army.
In 1934 he was awarded the military rank of colonel.
Since May 1934 - commander of the 6th mechanized regiment of the 6th cavalry division of the Belarusian military district. In 1935-1936 he was on long business trips in Czechoslovakia and France.
From September (October) 1936 to February (March) 1937, he participated in the national revolutionary war in Spain, was an adviser to the head of the training base, and a senior tank group.
Had the pseudonym "Colonel Melle".
In 1937 he was awarded the military rank of brigade commander.
From June 1937 to May 1940 he commanded the 8th Separate Mechanized Brigade (29th Light Tank Brigade) of the Belarusian Military District.
Participated in battles with Japanese militarists near Lake Khasan in 1938.
Participated in a campaign in Western Belarus in September-October 1939.
Participated in the Soviet-Finnish war in February-March 1940, commanded the 8th tank brigade.
Participated in a campaign in the Baltic states in June 1940.
On June 4, 1940, he was awarded the military rank of Major General of the Tank Forces.
From May 1940 he commanded the 15th Mechanized Division, from June 1940 - the 2nd Panzer Division in the 3rd Mechanized Corps. Since December 1940 - Head of the Armored Directorate of the Baltic Special Military District. From March 1941 - commander of the 25th mechanized corps in the Kharkov military district.
Participated in the Great Patriotic War from June 24, 1941. The 25th Corps under his command fought against the Nazi invaders as part of the 21st Army on the Western, Central and Bryansk fronts, participated in the Smolensk defensive battle near the cities of Rogachev, Zhlobin, Gomel. From October 1941 - chief
Combat Training Directorate of the Main Armored Directorate of the Red Army.
From February 7, 1943 to February 9, 1944 he commanded the 3rd Mechanized Corps (later became the 8th Guards Corps) of the 1st Tank Army. He fought on the Voronezh and 1st Ukrainian fronts. Participated in the Battle of Kursk, Belgorod-Kharkov, Zhytomyr-Berdichev offensive operations.
In one of the battles he was wounded.
On August 21, 1943, he was awarded the military rank of Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces.
From February 10, 1944 until the end of the war he commanded the 1st Mechanized Corps of the 2nd Guards Tank Army. He fought on the 1st Ukrainian and 1st Belorussian fronts, participated in the Proskurov-Chernivtsi, Belorussian, Vistula-Oder, Berlin offensive operations.
After the war, he continued to command the 1st Mechanized Corps (soon reorganized into the 1st Mechanized Division) in the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany.
From June 1946 to October 1949 - Head of the Department of Armored and Mechanized Troops at the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze. From March 1950 to January 1952 - commander of the armored and mechanized troops of the Odessa military district.
In November 1952 he graduated from the Higher Academic Courses at the Higher Military Academy named after K. E. Voroshilov.
In May 1953, he retired with the rank of Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces.
He was engaged in writing, wrote books: “Through the Storms” (Moscow, 1959), “Mezhdubure” (Voronezh, 1968), “Chongartsy” (Moscow, 1975).
Lived in Moscow (Russia).
Died September 16, 1978. He was buried at the Kuntsevo cemetery in Moscow.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 29, 1945, for the skillful command of the corps and personal courage, Krivoshein Semyon Moiseevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (Gold Star medal No. 5869).
He was awarded three Orders of Lenin (01/02/1937, 02/27/1945, * 05/29/1945), three Orders of the Red Banner (1928, 11/03/1944, 0000), Orders of Suvorov 2nd degree (08/27/1943), Kutuzov 1st degree (04/06/1945), Red Star (08/16/1936), medals "XX years of the Red Army" (01/24/1938), "For the capture of Berlin" (06/09/1945), "For the victory over Germany" (05/09/1945) and others , foreign awards - the Order of the Cross of Grunwald (Poland) and two Polish medals.

Note:
* The order had serial number 19497.

3rd Mechanized Corps
8th Guards Mechanized Corps
1st Mechanized Corps
1st Mechanized Division Battles/wars Awards and prizes

Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein(November 28, 1899, Voronezh - September 16, 1978, Krasnogorsk, Moscow Region) - Soviet military leader, lieutenant general of tank troops (1943). Hero of the Soviet Union (May 29, 1945).

Initial biography

He graduated from the seven classes of the Voronezh gymnasium.

Military service

Civil War

In November of the same year, Krivoshein was transferred to the 6th Cavalry Division (1st Cavalry Army) to the post of military commissar of the squadron of the 34th cavalry regiment, and then from April 1920 he was successively appointed to the post of military commissar in the 31st, 33rd and 34th cavalry regiments, and in November - to the post of instructor of the political department of the 6th cavalry division.

As part of the Southern Front, he took part in hostilities against the troops of General A. I. Denikin, in the summer of 1920 - as part of the Southwestern Front in hostilities during the Soviet-Polish war, and then - as part of the Southern Front in hostilities in the Crimea against troops under the command of General P. N. Wrangel.

interwar time

With the end of the war, Krivoshein continued to serve in the 6th Cavalry Division (1st Cavalry Army, North Caucasian Military District) as head of intelligence of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade, officer for assignments under the commander of the 1st Brigade, commander of a platoon and squadron 32 th Cavalry Regiment.

Soon he took part in the course of the Soviet-Finnish war: on February 27, the 29th tank brigade under the command of Krivoshein, consisting of 256 T-26 tanks, was redeployed from Brest, and in March, along with the 34th rifle corps, stormed Vyborg.

In June 1937, he wrote a denunciation to the People's Commissar of Defense against the commander of the 6th Cossack Corps, Divisional Commander E.I. Goryachev, in which he accused Goryachev of supporting the repressed Uborevich.

The Great Patriotic War

From July 1941, the corps under the command of Krivoshein conducted offensive and defensive military operations against enemy troops in the area of ​​​​the cities of Rogachev, Zhlobin and Gomel. Soon he took part in the defense of Mogilev.

In October 1941, he was appointed to the post of head of the Combat Training Directorate of the Main Armored Directorate of the Red Army, and in February 1943, to the post of commander of the 3rd mechanized corps, which took part during the Battle of Kursk, and then in the Belgorod-Kharkov offensive operation.

Post-war career

After the end of the war, Krivoshein continued to command the 1st Mechanized Corps as part of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, soon reorganized into the 1st Mechanized Division.

An excerpt characterizing Krivoshein, Semyon Moiseevich

He told him, pointing to the fields, about his economic improvements.
Pierre was gloomy silent, answering in monosyllables, and seemed immersed in his own thoughts.
Pierre thought that Prince Andrei was unhappy, that he was mistaken, that he did not know the true light, and that Pierre should come to his aid, enlighten and raise him. But as soon as Pierre figured out how and what he would say, he had a premonition that Prince Andrei would drop everything in his teachings with one word, with one argument, and he was afraid to start, afraid to expose his beloved shrine to the possibility of ridicule.
“No, why do you think,” Pierre suddenly began, lowering his head and taking the form of a butting bull, why do you think so? You shouldn't think like that.
– What am I thinking about? Prince Andrew asked with surprise.
- About life, about the purpose of a person. It can't be. That's what I thought, and it saved me, you know what? freemasonry. No, you don't smile. Freemasonry is not a religious, not a ritual sect, as I thought, but Freemasonry is the best, the only expression of the best, eternal aspects of humanity. - And he began to explain to Prince Andrei Freemasonry, as he understood it.
He said that Freemasonry is the teaching of Christianity, freed from state and religious shackles; the doctrine of equality, brotherhood and love.
– Only our holy brotherhood has a real meaning in life; everything else is a dream,” said Pierre. - You understand, my friend, that outside this union everything is full of lies and untruths, and I agree with you that clever and good man there is nothing left but, like you, to live out your life, trying not to interfere with others. But assimilate our basic convictions for yourself, join our brotherhood, give yourself to us, let yourself be led, and now you will feel, as I felt, a part of this huge, invisible chain, of which the beginning is hidden in heaven, - said Pierre.
Prince Andrei, silently, looking in front of him, listened to Pierre's speech. Several times, not hearing the noise of the carriage, he asked Pierre for unheard words. From the special brilliance that lit up in the eyes of Prince Andrei, and from his silence, Pierre saw that his words were not in vain, that Prince Andrei would not interrupt him and would not laugh at his words.
They drove up to a flooded river, which they had to cross by ferry. While the carriage and horses were being installed, they went to the ferry.
Prince Andrei, leaning on the railing, silently looked along the flood shining from the setting sun.
- Well, what do you think about it? - asked Pierre, - why are you silent?
- What I think? I listened to you. All this is so, - said Prince Andrei. - But you say: join our brotherhood, and we will show you the purpose of life and the purpose of man, and the laws that govern the world. But who are we people? Why do you know everything? Why am I the only one who doesn't see what you see? You see the kingdom of goodness and truth on earth, but I do not see it.
Pierre interrupted him. Do you believe in a future life? - he asked.
- To the next life? - repeated Prince Andrei, but Pierre did not give him time to answer and took this repetition for a denial, especially since he knew the former atheistic convictions of Prince Andrei.
– You say that you cannot see the realm of goodness and truth on earth. And I did not see him, and you cannot see him if you look at our life as the end of everything. On earth, precisely on this earth (Pierre pointed to the field), there is no truth - everything is a lie and evil; but in the world, in the whole world, there is a kingdom of truth, and we are now the children of the earth, and forever the children of the whole world. Do I not feel in my soul that I am part of this vast, harmonious whole. Do I not feel that I am in this vast, innumerable number of beings in which the Divine is manifested - the highest power, as you like - that I am one link, one step from lower beings to higher ones. If I see, I clearly see this ladder that leads from the plant to man, then why should I suppose that this ladder is interrupted with me, and does not lead further and further. I feel that not only can I not disappear, just as nothing in the world disappears, but that I will always be and have always been. I feel that besides me, spirits live above me and that there is truth in this world.
“Yes, this is the teaching of Herder,” said Prince Andrei, “but not that, my soul, will convince me, but life and death, that’s what convinces. It is convincing that you see a creature dear to you, who is connected with you, before whom you were guilty and hoped to justify yourself (Prince Andrei trembled in his voice and turned away) and suddenly this creature suffers, suffers and ceases to be ... Why? It cannot be that there is no answer! And I believe he is... That's what convinces, that's what convinced me, - said Prince Andrei.
“Well, yes, yes,” said Pierre, “isn’t that what I say too!”
- Not. I only say that it is not arguments that convince you of the need for a future life, but when you walk in life hand in hand with a person, and suddenly this person disappears into nowhere, and you yourself stop in front of this abyss and look into it. And I looked...
- Well, so what! Do you know what is there and what is someone? There is a future life. Someone is God.
Prince Andrew did not answer. The carriage and horses had long since been brought to the other side and had already been laid down, and the sun had already disappeared to half, and the evening frost covered the puddles near the ferry with stars, and Pierre and Andrei, to the surprise of the lackeys, coachmen and carriers, were still standing on the ferry and talking.
- If there is a God and there is a future life, then there is truth, there is virtue; and the highest happiness of man is to strive to achieve them. We must live, we must love, we must believe, - said Pierre, - that we do not live now only on this piece of land, but we have lived and will live forever there in everything (he pointed to the sky). Prince Andrei stood leaning on the railing of the ferry and, listening to Pierre, without taking his eyes off, looked at the red reflection of the sun over the blue flood. Pierre is silent. It was completely quiet. The ferry had landed long ago, and only the waves of the current with a faint sound hit the bottom of the ferry. It seemed to Prince Andrei that this rinsing of the waves was saying to Pierre's words: "True, believe this."
Prince Andrei sighed, and with a radiant, childish, tender look looked into Pierre's flushed, enthusiastic, but still timid in front of his superior friend.
“Yes, if that were the case!” - he said. “However, let’s go sit down,” Prince Andrei added, and leaving the ferry, he looked at the sky, which Pierre pointed out to him, and for the first time, after Austerlitz, he saw that high, eternal sky, which he saw lying on the Austerlitz field, and something long asleep, something the best that was in him, suddenly awoke joyfully and youthfully in his soul. This feeling disappeared as soon as Prince Andrei entered the habitual conditions of life again, but he knew that this feeling, which he did not know how to develop, lived in him. A meeting with Pierre was for Prince Andrei an era from which, although in appearance it was the same, but in inner world his new life.

It was already getting dark when Prince Andrei and Pierre drove up to the main entrance of the Lysogorsky house. While they were driving up, Prince Andrei with a smile drew Pierre's attention to the turmoil that had taken place at the back porch. A bent old woman with a knapsack on her back, and a short man in a black robe and with long hair, seeing a carriage driving in, rushed to run back through the gate. Two women ran after them, and all four, looking back at the carriage, ran frightened up the back porch.
“These are God’s Machines,” said Prince Andrei. They took us for their father. And this is the only thing in which she does not obey him: he orders to drive these wanderers, and she accepts them.
- What are God's people? Pierre asked.
Prince Andrei did not have time to answer him. The servants came out to meet him, and he asked where he had been. old prince and how soon they expect it.
The old prince was still in the city, and they were waiting for him every minute.
Prince Andrei led Pierre to his quarters, which always awaited him in perfect order in his father's house, and he himself went to the nursery.
“Let's go to my sister,” said Prince Andrei, returning to Pierre; - I have not seen her yet, she is now hiding and sitting with her God people. Serve her right, she will be embarrassed, and you will see God's people. C "est curieux, ma parole. [This is curious, honestly.]
- Qu "est ce que c" est que [What is] God's people? Pierre asked.
- But you'll see.
Princess Mary was really embarrassed and blushed in spots when they entered her. In her comfortable room with lamps in front of the icon cases, on the sofa, at the samovar, sat next to her a young boy with a long nose and long hair, and in a monastic cassock.
On an armchair, beside him, sat a wrinkled, thin old woman with a meek expression of a child's face.
- Andre, pourquoi ne pas m "avoir prevenu? [Andrey, why didn't they warn me?] - she said with meek reproach, standing in front of her wanderers, like a hen in front of chickens.
– Charmee de vous voir. Je suis tres contente de vous voir, [Very glad to see you. I am so pleased to see you,] she said to Pierre, while he was kissing her hand. She knew him as a child, and now his friendship with Andrei, his misfortune with his wife, and most importantly, his kind, simple face, endeared her to him. She looked at him with her beautiful, radiant eyes and seemed to say: "I love you very much, but please don't laugh at mine." After exchanging the first phrases of greeting, they sat down.
“Ah, and Ivanushka is here,” said Prince Andrei, pointing with a smile at the young wanderer.
– Andrew! said Princess Mary pleadingly.
- Il faut que vous sachiez que c "est une femme, [Know that this is a woman] - said Andrei to Pierre.
Andre, au nom de Dieu! [Andrey, for God's sake!] - repeated Princess Marya.
It was evident that the mocking attitude of Prince Andrei towards the wanderers and the useless intercession for them by Princess Marya were habitual, established relations between them.
- Mais, ma bonne amie, - said Prince Andrei, - vous devriez au contraire m "etre reconaissante de ce que j" explique a Pierre votre intimite avec ce jeune homme ... [But, my friend, you should be grateful to me that I explain to Pierre your closeness to this young man.]
– Vrayment? [Really?] - Pierre said curiously and seriously (for which Princess Mary was especially grateful to him), peering through glasses at Ivanushka's face, who, realizing that it was about him, looked around at everyone with cunning eyes.
Princess Marya was quite unnecessarily embarrassed for her own people. They didn't hesitate at all. The old woman, lowering her eyes, but glancing askance at the newcomers, knocking her cup upside down on a saucer and placing a bitten piece of sugar beside her, calmly and motionlessly sat on her chair, waiting to be offered more tea. Ivanushka, drinking from a saucer, looked at the young people with sly, feminine eyes from under his brows.
- Where, in Kyiv was? Prince Andrei asked the old woman.
- There was, father, - the old woman answered loquaciously, - on Christmas itself, she was honored to communicate with saints, heavenly secrets. And now from Kolyazin, father, great grace has opened ...
- Well, is Ivanushka with you?
“I’m walking on my own, breadwinner,” Ivanushka said, trying to speak in a bass voice. - Only in Yukhnov did they agree with Pelageyushka ...
Pelageyushka interrupted her comrade; She seemed to want to tell what she saw.
- In Kolyazin, father, great grace has opened.
- Well, new relics? asked Prince Andrew.
“Enough, Andrei,” said Princess Mary. - Don't tell me, Pelageushka.
- No ... what are you, mother, why not tell? I love him. He is kind, exacted by God, he gave me, a benefactor, rubles, I remember. As I was in Kyiv, Kiryusha the holy fool tells me - truly a man of God, he walks barefoot in winter and summer. Why are you walking, he says, out of your place, go to Kolyazin, there is a miraculous icon, Mother Blessed Virgin Mary has opened. With those words, I said goodbye to the saints and went ...
Everyone was silent, one wanderer spoke in a measured voice, drawing in air.
- My father, the people came to me and they say: great grace has opened, at the mother of the Most Holy Theotokos, myrrh is dripping from her cheek ...
“Well, well, well, you’ll tell me later,” Princess Marya said, blushing.
“Let me ask her,” said Pierre. - Did you see it yourself? - he asked.
- How, father, she herself was honored. The radiance on her face is like the light of heaven, and from mother’s cheek it drips and drips ...
“But this is a deception,” Pierre said naively, listening attentively to the wanderer.
“Ah, father, what are you talking about!” - Pelageyushka said with horror, turning to Princess Marya for protection.
“They are deceiving the people,” he repeated.
- Lord Jesus Christ! – crossed said the stranger. “Oh, don’t talk, father. So one anaral did not believe, said: “the monks are deceiving”, but as he said, he went blind. And he dreamed that Mother Pecherskaya came to him and said: "Trust me, I will heal you." So he began to ask: take me and take me to her. I'm telling you the truth, I saw it myself. They brought him blind right to her, came up, fell down, said: “heal! I will give it to you, he says, in what the king complained. I saw it myself, father, the star is embedded in it like that. Well, it has dawned! It's wrong to say that. God will punish, ”she addressed Pierre instructively.
- How did the star find itself in the image? Pierre asked.
- Did you make your mother a general? - said Prince Andrei smiling.
Pelageushka suddenly turned pale and clasped her hands.
“Father, father, sin on you, you have a son!” she spoke, suddenly turning from pallor into a bright color.
- Father, what did you say, God forgive you. - She crossed herself. “God, forgive him. Mother, what is this? ... - she turned to Princess Marya. She got up and almost crying began to collect her purse. She was evidently both frightened and ashamed that she enjoyed the blessings in the house where they could say this, and it was a pity that she now had to be deprived of the blessings of this house.
- Well, what are you looking for? - said Princess Mary. Why did you come to me?...
“No, I’m joking, Pelageushka,” said Pierre. - Princesse, ma parole, je n "ai pas voulu l" offerr, [Princess, I really didn’t want to offend her,] I just did. Don't think, I was joking, - he said, smiling timidly and wanting to make amends for his guilt. - After all, it's me, and he was just joking.
Pelageyushka stopped incredulously, but there was such sincerity of repentance in Pierre's face, and Prince Andrei looked so meekly at Pelageyushka and then at Pierre that she gradually calmed down.

The wanderer calmed down and, brought back to conversation, then talked for a long time about Father Amphilochius, who was such a holy life that his hand smelled of his hand, and how the monks she knew on her last journey to Kyiv gave her the keys to the caves, and how she, taking crackers with her, spent two days in caves with saints. “I will pray to one, I will read, I will go to another. Pine, I’ll go and kiss again; and such, mother, silence, such grace that you don’t even want to go out into the light of God.
Pierre listened to her attentively and seriously. Prince Andrei left the room. And after him, leaving the people of God to finish their tea, Princess Mary led Pierre into the living room.
“You are very kind,” she told him.
“Ah, I really didn’t think to offend her, as I understand and highly appreciate these feelings!
Princess Mary looked at him silently and smiled tenderly. “After all, I have known you for a long time and love you like a brother,” she said. How did you find Andrew? she asked hastily, not giving him time to say anything in response to her kind words. “He worries me a lot. His health is better in winter, but last spring the wound opened, and the doctor said that he must go for treatment. And morally, I'm very afraid for him. He is not a character like us women to suffer and cry out his grief. He carries it inside himself. Today he is cheerful and lively; but it was your arrival that had such an effect on him: he is rarely like that. If you could persuade him to go abroad! He needs activity, and this smooth, quiet life is ruining him. Others do not notice, but I see.