The given essay in English on the topic of environmental problems shows the main problems of ecology modern world. Introduces the reader to scientific vocabulary. Suitable for students in grades 8-9 of a comprehensive school, as well as for those who learn the language at the “Pre-Intermediate” level. The text will good help for oral and written tasks - retelling, answering questions, writing out unfamiliar words.
Topic "Ecological problems"
The word “Ecology” comes from the Greek language and means “the study of the place we live in”. So, there is no person on Earth who is not affected by ecological problems. For example, air polluted by plants will travel for a long distance with wind, the heavy particles will get into rivers and seas.
Pollution of the sea is the most dangerous. The regions that are most loaded with sea traffic are very dirty. For example, the Baltic sea is the dirtiest zone on the planet. The radioactive leak at Fukushima, Japan has led to the death of many fishes and other aquatic beings.
The cutout of forests, contamination of the seas and intense burning of coal has shifted the balance of the oxygen, ozone and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, making the ozone “shield” of the planet thinner. It results in global climate change. Debates are still being held whether the “Global warming” is real, but every year there comes another evidence of the warming - the ice mounts melt at the poles, raising the global sea level.
You, of course, may say that you can't affect the production of plants and factories much. But there is also the ecology of your home and your workplace. You shouldn't pour dangerous chemicals to the ground - it will “die”, become infertile. Do not throw away batteries - send them to the recycling center. There are often special containers for batteries in major malls. Generally, do not waste resources - like take a shower, not a bath, turn down the water when you brush your teeth. Turn off electric devices that you do not use. Take care of the health of your environment.
Topic "Environmental problems"
The word "ecology" comes from Greek and means "the science of the place in which we live." That is, there is not a single person on Earth who would not be affected by environmental problems. For example, air polluted by factories will travel a long distance with the wind, and heavy particles will fall into rivers and seas.
Sea pollution is the most dangerous. The regions that are most loaded with the flow of ships are very dirty. For example, the Baltic Sea is the dirtiest area on the planet. A radiation leak in Fukushima, Japan, led to the death of many fish and other marine life.
Deforestation, pollution of the seas and intense burning of coal have shifted the balance of oxygen, ozone and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, making the planet's ozone "shield" thinner. This leads to global climate change. There is still debate whether "Global Warming" is real, but every year new evidence of warming is found - the ice mountains at the poles are melting, global sea levels are rising.
Of course, you can say that you have no power to influence the production of plants and factories. But there is also the ecology of your home and your place of work. Do not pour dangerous chemicals on the ground - it will “die”, become infertile. Do not throw away batteries - send them to a recycling center. Often in large supermarkets there are special containers for batteries. In general, do not waste resources - for example, take a shower rather than a bath, turn off the water while brushing your teeth. Turn off appliances you are not using. Take care of the health of your environment.
Modern society cannot do without transport. Now both cargo and public vehicles are used, which are supplied with various types of energy to ensure movement. At the moment, the following vehicles are used in different parts of the world:
- automobile (buses, cars, minibuses);
- railway (metro, trains, electric trains);
- water (boats, boats, container ships, tankers, ferries, cruise ships);
- air (airplanes, helicopters);
- electric transport (trams, trolleybuses).
Despite the fact that transport allows you to speed up the time of all movements of people, not only on the surface of the earth, but by air and water, various vehicles have an impact on environment.
Environmental pollution
Each mode of transport pollutes the environment, but a significant advantage - 85% of the pollution is carried out by road transport, which emits exhaust gases. Cars, buses and other vehicles of this type lead to various problems:
- air pollution;
- deterioration in human and animal health.
Sea transport
Maritime transport pollutes the hydrosphere most of all, since dirty ballast water and water used to wash sailing ships enter the reservoirs. Power plants of ships pollute the air with various gases. If tankers carry oil products, then there is a risk of water pollution with oil.
Air transport
Air transport pollutes, first of all, the atmosphere. Their source is aircraft engine gases. Thanks to the operation of air transport, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, water vapor and sulfur oxides, carbon oxides and particulate matter enter the air.
Electric transport
Electric transport contributes to environmental pollution through electromagnetic radiation, noise and vibration. During its maintenance, various harmful substances enter the biosphere.
Thus, during the operation of a variety of vehicles, environmental pollution occurs. Harmful substances pollute water, soil, but most pollutants enter the atmosphere. These are carbon monoxide, oxides, heavy compounds and vaporous substances. As a result of this, not only the greenhouse effect occurs, but also fall out, the number of diseases increases and the state of people's health worsens.
17 Sep
Topic in English: Environmental problems
Topic by English language: Environmental problems(Ecological problems). This text can be used as a presentation, project, story, essay, essay or message on the topic.
Actual problems
E environmental problems cause great harm to the environment. Among the most relevant are the ozone layer, acid rain, global warming, toxic air pollution, deforestation, groundwater pollution with chemicals, soil destruction in some areas and a threat to flora and fauna.
Types of pollution
The earth is home to millions of living beings that make up complex world nature. Nowadays, people are trying to change their habitat to meet their needs - to create agricultural land or build cities. They pollute and destroy wildlife habitat by digging the ground for coal mining or building roads. A quarter of all plants are known to be endangered. There are different types of pollution: water pollution, air pollution, land pollution and radioactive pollution.
Acid rain
Acid rain falls when poisonous gases from nuclear power plants and car exhausts mix with oxygen and moisture in the air. These gases become part of the water cycle and can be carried by the wind for a long time until they fall into acid rain that kills life in lakes, rivers and forests and destroys plant life.
Global warming
World temperatures are rising every year. This so-called global warming is caused by the accumulation of gases and the evaporation of water in the atmosphere. These gases form a layer that reflects heat back to the ground. As the planet warms up polar ice will start to melt. This could cause sea levels to rise and many habitats to disappear underwater.
Conclusion
Environmental issues have no boundaries. However, environmental disasters can be avoided if people expand their ecological knowledge and everyone will understand that the beauty of nature is very fragile. Governments must take serious action to combat pollution.
Download Topic in English: Environmental problems
ecological problems
Problems
Ecological problems are causing great damage to our environment. Among the most urgent ones are the ozone layer, acid rains, global warming, toxic pollution of the atmosphere, disappearance of forests, contamination of underground waters by chemical elements, destruction of soil in some areas, and threat to some flora and fauna representatives.
Types of pollution
The Earth is a home to millions of different kinds of living things, which make up the complex world of nature. Nowadays people try to change their habitats to suit their own needs – to create farmlands or build cities. They create pollution and destroy wildlife habitats by digging the ground up for mining, or by building roads through them. A quarter of all the plants in the world are known to be in a danger or threatened with extinction. There are different types of pollution: water pollution, air pollution, ground pollution and nuclear pollution.
acid rain
Acid rain falls when poisonous gases from power stations and vehicle exhausts mix with oxygen and moisture in the air. These gases become part of the water cycle and may be carried a long way by the wind before they fall as acid rain, which kills wildlife in lakes, rivers, and forests, and damages the surrounding plant life.
global warming
World temperatures are currently rising every year. This so called global warming is caused by the building of gases and water vapor in the atmosphere. These gases form a layer that reflects the heat back to Earth. As the planet warms up, the polar ice caps will start to melt. This could cause sea levels to rise and many habitats will disappear under water.
Conclusion
Ecological problems have no borders. However, environment disasters can be avoided if people broaden ecological education and every person understands that the beauty of nature is extremely fragile. Governments must take serious actions against pollution.
The negative impact of cars on the environment is obvious. Unfortunately, in addition to all those positive qualities, which brings with it the use of internal combustion engines, there are also many negative factors. The main one is the negative impact on the environment. Internal combustion engines, on which all cars run, burn just a huge amount of oil products of varying degrees of purification during their operation. This harms the environment and, above all, the atmosphere. Since cars in large numbers are mainly concentrated in big cities, then the air in megacities is depleted in oxygen and polluted by products of combustion of petroleum products. Such air is harmful to human health, due to such an impact, the ecological environment is disturbed, natural and climatic conditions. It is also well known that from the air these harmful products also enter the water, which means that the aquatic environment is also polluted. Cars have a huge noise impact on humans. Noises that are emitted during the operation of a car engine cause a person to experience excessive fatigue in people, which can lead to various mental and nervous disorders. The noise threshold is constantly exceeded, at which normal operation of the human hearing organs is possible. In addition, constant noise exposure can significantly shorten a person's life. Constant noises prevent people from performing necessary activities, such as sleeping, resting, productive work, etc. Noise distribution is also influenced by climatic and natural factors. So, for example, in an area that is saturated with green spaces, noise is distributed at a much lower concentration than, for example, in a city. That is why city dwellers often feel constant fatigue. Thus, we can say that cars have a negative impact on the environment and on humans. It is necessary to try to reduce this influence by various methods, at least to the level that will not interfere with the normal functioning of the human body, and will not disrupt the operation of ecological systems. The main ways to reduce environmental damage from transport are
in the following:
1) optimization of urban transport;
2) development of alternative energy sources;
3) afterburning and purification of organic fuel;
4) creation (modification) of engines using alternative
fuel;
5) noise protection.
The negative impact of cars on the environment is obvious. Unfortunately, in addition to all the positive qualities that the use of internal combustion engines brings with it, there are also many negative factors. The main one is the negative impact on the environment. Internal combustion engines, on which all cars run, burn just a huge amount of oil products of varying degrees of purification during their operation. This harms the environment and, above all, the atmosphere. Since cars in large numbers are mainly concentrated in large cities, the air in megacities is depleted in oxygen and polluted by combustion products of petroleum products. Such air is harmful to human health, because of such an impact, the ecological environment is disturbed, natural and climatic conditions change. It is also well known that from the air these harmful products also enter the water, which means that the aquatic environment is also polluted. Cars have a huge noise impact on humans. Noises that are emitted during the operation of a car engine cause a person to experience excessive fatigue in people, which can lead to various mental and nervous disorders. The noise threshold is constantly exceeded, at which normal operation of the human hearing organs is possible. In addition, constant noise exposure can significantly shorten a person's life. Constant noises prevent people from performing necessary activities, such as sleeping, resting, productive work, etc. Noise distribution is also influenced by climatic and natural factors. So, for example, in an area that is saturated with green spaces, noise is distributed at a much lower concentration than, for example, in a city. That is why city dwellers often feel constant fatigue. Thus, we can say that cars have a negative impact on the environment and on humans. It is necessary to try to reduce this influence by various methods, at least to the level that will not interfere with the normal functioning of the human body, and will not disrupt the operation of ecological systems. The main ways to reduce environmental damage from transport are as follows: 1) optimization of urban transport; 2) development of alternative energy sources; 3) afterburning and purification of organic fuel; 4) creation (modification) of engines using alternative fuels; 5) noise protection.
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The negative impact of cars on the environment is obvious. Unfortunately, in addition to all the positive qualities that the use of internal combustion engines brings with it, there are also many negative factors. The main one is the negative impact on the environment. Internal combustion engines, on which all cars run, burn just a huge amount of oil products of varying degrees of purification during their operation. This harms the environment and, above all, the atmosphere. Since cars in large numbers are mainly concentrated in large cities, the air in megacities is depleted in oxygen and polluted by combustion products of petroleum products. Such air is harmful to human health, because of such an impact, the ecological environment is disturbed, natural and climatic conditions change. It is also well known that from the air these harmful products also enter the water, which means that the aquatic environment is also polluted. Cars have a huge noise impact on humans. Noises that are emitted during the operation of a car engine cause a person to experience excessive fatigue in people, which can lead to various mental and nervous disorders. The noise threshold is constantly exceeded, at which normal operation of the human hearing organs is possible. In addition, constant noise exposure can significantly shorten a person's life. Constant noises prevent people from performing necessary activities, such as sleeping, resting, productive work, etc. Noise distribution is also influenced by climatic and natural factors. So, for example, in an area that is saturated with green spaces, noise is distributed at a much lower concentration than, for example, in a city. That is why city dwellers often feel constant fatigue. Thus, we can say that cars have a negative impact on the environment and on humans. It is necessary to try to reduce this influence by various methods, at least to the level that will not interfere with the normal functioning of the human body, and will not disrupt the operation of ecological systems. The main ways to reduce environmental damage from transport are as follows: 1) optimization of urban transport; 2) development of alternative energy sources; 3) afterburning and purification of fossil fuels; 4) creation (modification) of engines using alternative fuels; 5) noise protection.
The negative impact of cars on the environment is obvious. Unfortunately, in addition to all those positive qualities, which brings with it the use of internal combustion engines, a number of negative factors have also been observed. The main one is the negative impact on the environment. Internal combustion engines, which run all the cars during the work burn a huge amount of oil of varying purity. This is detrimental to the environment and, above all, the atmosphere. Since a large number of cars are mostly concentrated in big cities, the air in big cities is depleted of oxygen and dirty petroleum products of combustion. Such air is harmful to human health, because such exposure is disturbed ecological environment, changing natural and climatic conditions. It is also well known that the air from these harmful products also fall into the water, and thus contaminated, and the aqueous medium. Cars have a huge impact on human noise. The noises that are produced when the engine of the car, causing a person excessive fatigue in people that can give rise to a variety of mental and nervous disorders. Consistently exceed the noise threshold at which normal operation is possible organs of hearing. In addition, continuous noise exposure can significantly reduce a person's life. Constant noise prevent people from making the necessary actions, such as, for example, sleep, rest, fruitful work, etc. On the distribution of the noise level is also influenced by climatic and environmental factors. For example, in an area that is saturated with green spaces, much noise is distributed in a lower concentration than, for example, in town. That is why the residents of cities often feel constant fatigue. Thus, we can say that the cars have a negative impact on the environment and on humans. with the normal functioning of the human body, and will not disrupt ecological systems. The main ways of reducing the environmental impact of transport are
as follows:
1) the optimization of urban transport;
2) the development of alternative energy sources;
3) post-combustion and clean fossil fuels;
4) creation (modification) engines that use alternative
fuels;
5) protection against noise.
translating, please wait..
the negative impact of cars on the environment obviously. unfortunately, in addition to all of those qualities, which is associated with the use of internal combustion engines, also has many negative factors. the main of them is the negative impact on the environment. internal combustion engines, which consists of all the vehicles in the course of his work are just a great number of products of varying degrees of purification. it harms the environment and, in particular, the atmosphere. as the cars in large numbers has been concentrated in large cities, the air in the mega cities is depleted in oxygen and contaminated products of combustion products. the air brings harm to human health, because of the impact of an ecological environment, change the natural and climatic conditions. as it is well known that from the air, these harmful products are still in the water, and then, the polluted water environment. cars have great noise effect. the noises, which are published in the car engine, excessive fatigue, people have the rights that may give rise to different mental and nervous disorders. constantly exceeded the noise threshold, which is the normal organs of hearing rights. in addition, continuous noise exposure can markedly reduce the life of man. the noise preventing people from performing the necessary actions, such as, for example, sleep, rest, the work and so on. on the distribution of the noise level are also influenced by climatic and environmental factors. for example, in a zone which is dominated by green areas, noise is much less concentrated than, for example, in the city. therefore, urban dwellers are often constant fatigue. thus, we can say that cars have a negative impact on the environment and human. a variety of methods to try to reduce this effect, at least to a level that will not interfere with the normal functioning of the human body, but also will not infringe on the work of ecological systems. the main ways to reduce the environmental impact of transport arenext:(1) the optimization of the urban transport;(2) the development of alternative energy sources.3) afterburning and purification of organic fuel.4) a (modified) engines using alternativefuel ;(5) protection against noise.
translating, please wait..
IELTS examiner- is also a person. I hope you don't doubt it. If you were at least for one day in his place, you would stop envying his special role - to decide the fate of candidates. Be an IELTS examiner - great work and no less a huge responsibility. I'm not saying that this is an unpleasant job on the weekends, when all normal people who do not study and do not take IELTS feel completely free and happy. Why am I writing all this and what does ecology have to do with it?
It is about trying to "dilute" the gray routine of the examiner's work with an unexpected look at the subject of conversation. When I tried to do this, the person immediately had an interest in the eyes. Half a minute ago, he was just performing his duties, and suddenly, before my eyes, he turned into a real interlocutor.
There were several examples of successful implementation of this strategy. The brightest option was talking about the film " The Great Race". The examiner, a man of about my age, a foreigner, could not help but watch this magnificent film. As a result, we ended the conversation as old friends and ... you can imagine this ... before parting, the examiner extended his hand to me for a handshake.
And now, in the light of the above, let's get back to the topic " environmentally friendly transport" in English.
It is believed that trams, trolleybuses, trains and already emerging electric vehicles are less harmful to the environment. This fact for many (and for examiners too) is considered an absolutely proven truth.
In order to "shake" the examiner, we will try to doubt the validity of this approach and encroach on the sacred! If you're lucky enough to be tested by a foreigner, and they're much more concerned about preserving the environment, your statement could have a very interesting effect.
So let's go. By tradition, I do not write English text here. I give you a translation. Here is just an idea.
Trams, trolleybuses, trains and electric vehicles are considered the most environmentally friendly modes of transport.
It is believed that they do not have a harmful effect on the environment, since they do not emit harmful toxic substances into the atmosphere and do not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
In my humble opinion, this idea is not entirely correct.
Of course, the trolleybus or train itself does indeed pollute the environment much less, since it runs on electricity.
The question is where does this electricity come from.
If we follow the entire process of its production, we will see that thermal, hydro and nuclear power plants cause much more harm to nature than the flow of cars on the highway or traffic jams in the city.
According to research by scientists, it is large industrial enterprises that are the main pollutant of the atmosphere, water and soil.
To get electricity, you need to burn fuel, or block the river with a dam. This results in huge environmental damage.
I'm not talking about a nuclear power plant. Any accident on it can lead to infection of vast territories for many years.
What about power lines? For their construction, millions of trees have already been cut down and are constantly being cut down.
Therefore, I would not call electric transport absolutely "green" and friendly to the environment.
It's just that the damage, and quite significant, is being done to nature somewhere else.
In principle, the problem would be solved by wind turbines, solar-powered stations, however, these technologies are still imperfect and cannot meet the ever-increasing demand of mankind for electricity.
Summing up what has been said, I propose to assess the environmental damage not of one specific electric train or trolleybus, but to consider the system as a whole.
From this point of view, it remains to be seen which is more "green" a traditional car or one that runs on electricity.
If you complete the text to the end, you will certainly make an indelible impression on the examiner. He will remember you and this may indirectly affect your grade.
Of course, all this must be said correctly, using special terms.
But we did not in vain touched on this topic BEFORE your exam. If you prepare for IELTS and yes, you do it on one's own, you can work out the topic in advance. Supplement your vocabulary of terms and speak, as they say, with skill.
I tested it myself - it works. My highest IELTS Speaing score is 7.5. It is clear that this is not a nine, but for most candidates this is a completely normal result.
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