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On changes in the system of conducting the Unified state exam in 2018 it had been known for a long time. For the first time, the former head of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Litvinov, announced big changes. In particular, innovations will affect Unified State Examination in Literature 2018.

The new exam, which all graduates of the 2017-2018 academic year will take, will consist entirely of creative tasks. According to the current Minister of Education of Russia Olga Vasilyeva, next year a new promising model of the unified state exam, specially developed by leading specialists of the FIPI Institute, will come into force.

FIPI has finished testing the new model of the unified state exam in literature and graduates of 2018 will already take the exam in a completely new way.

Employees of the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements took drastic measures, completely eliminating test tasks from CMM. What other innovations await already anxious eleventh graders?

There will be no more short answer questions.

First, let's figure out which ones are the most important in literature. So, as mentioned above, the tests were extracted from the exam.

There were reasons for this step - according to the developers of the new method, the tests do not pose any difficulty for the graduate, being an unnecessary element of assessment. IN test tasks there is a high probability of “guessing” the correct answer, which FIPI experts in no way agree with.

In the Unified State Examination in literature there will no longer be open-ended test questions, where the student is required to answer in one word or in the form of numerical sequences.

Today's Unified State Exam has twelve such questions from total number. Most of these questions test the graduate's knowledge of the basic terms of literary studies.

However, schoolchildren these days are well versed on these points. In addition, tasks that require detailed written answers are already designed to operate with terms, so additional testing of this knowledge is not required.

Much to the sadness of graduates, they lose the guaranteed opportunity to score points based only on a thorough knowledge of terminology. In addition, the strategy of C grade students to get away with “little loss”, that is, to do only one part with tasks that require short answers, completely collapses. Beginning in 2018, every test taker will be expected to demonstrate the ability to express their thoughts clearly and effectively.

Increasing the number of optional tasks

From now on, graduates will have a wider choice of options: instead of three tasks for an extended essay, there will be four. That is, you will need to take one topic from the growing list. Having received this or that work for a “big” essay, the student can choose which question will be more interesting for him to answer.

The volume of the essay will increase

In the “main” essay, the minimum amount of required text will be increased. In the current Unified State Examination in literature, the minimum volume is 200 words, but in a year you will need to “put” at least 250 words on paper.

Also, the developers of the new method came to the decision to specify the requirements for mini-essays. If now there are no strict conditions regarding the number of words in such essays (when writing mini-essays, a recommendation of 5-10 sentences appears), then by 2018 FIPI plans to set a minimum volume of 50 words. This requirement will apply to both comparative tasks and text analysis tasks.

Simplify matching tasks

The changes also affected tasks for the so-called “immersion in the literary context.” If today the Unified State Examination in Literature suggests comparing a text with two texts, thereby showing your horizons as a reader, then in 2018 it is proposed to abolish the task, mentioning only one text for comparison.

Evaluation criteria are being clarified

Now that the Unified State Examination in Literature has no tasks with short answers at all, automatic checking has become impossible. In light of this, the developers of the promising method face unified exam got up in literature important task– how to achieve maximum objective assessment student knowledge?

Now the Unified State Examination in literature consists of five essays, which brings it closer to the “traditional” school final exam. The experts took the matter seriously; various meetings are held where wishes and suggestions for the approach to evaluating work are expressed. Presumably, by the time of delivery we will know final decision FIPI specialists.

The new Unified State Exam in literature has already been launched

IN academic year In 2015-2016, a trial Unified State Examination in literature was conducted with some changes made. More than 1,000 schoolchildren from 60 took part in the “experiment.” educational institutions in 13 subjects of the Federation.

During testing of a new approach to passing the Unified State Exam in literature, it was revealed that 94% of teachers were in favor of introducing the updated exam. In addition, experts emphasize the fact that the new model is not too different from the previous one in its complexity. In other words, schoolchildren should not worry - passing the Unified State Exam in Literature in 2018 will not become fundamentally more difficult.

Codifier is a list of works, skills, knowledge and definitions necessary for successful completion final exam on literature. This guide for teachers and students is published annually by FIPI, so that we can narrow down our searches and focus on the information that will definitely be useful at hour X. This list contains the main elements that make up literary criticism, that is, the necessary terms and information from the history of science. They are needed to conduct a competent and in-depth analysis of books. It is the skill of analysis that is tested in tasks 16 and 17, where the student must give extended answers to questions, reason and give arguments from what he has read.

What do you need to read to pass the exam? The list of works for the Unified State Exam in 2018 is also attached to the codifier. It turns out that not all the books that are taught at school will be needed for the final test. Only a few (and not the most difficult) of them made it onto the list. Therefore, the preparation stage dedicated to “re-reading” will not take long, given the fact that the bulk of the necessary literature has been completed quite recently and has not yet had time to be forgotten. Thus, a graduate needs a codifier to save time and direct his efforts in the right direction. Use it as a fundamental and generally accepted guide to self-study.

It is worth noting that the books chosen for the exam are not the most difficult ones. For example, the universally disliked Doctor Zhivago is found in variants extremely rarely, since its study in the codifier of works is called “review”, that is, there will not be a full-scale test of knowledge of the content of this novel. In addition, in some cases, you can choose a novel. For example, from Bulgakov’s prose, a student may prefer either “The Master and Margarita” or “The White Guard”. You don't have to read both novels, just choose the simpler one. Thus, the list of books for the Unified State Exam in literature is very helpful information for those who want to minimize the time spent on preparation.

Code	Content elements tested by KIM Unified State Exam tasks
1	Information on the theory and history of literature
1.1	Fiction as the art of words.
1.2	Folklore. Genres of folklore.
1.3	Artistic image. Artistic time and space.
1.4	Content and form. Poetics.
1.5	The author's intention and its implementation. Artistic fiction. Fantastic.
1.6	Historical and literary process. Lit. directions and movements: classicism, sentimentalism, romanticism, realism, modernism (symbolism, acmeism, futurism), postmodernism.
1.7	Literary genres: epic, lyric poetry, lyric epic, drama. Literary genres: novel, epic novel, story, short story, essay, parable; poem, ballad; lyric poem, song, elegy, message, epigram, ode, sonnet; comedy, tragedy, drama.
1.8	Author's position. Subject. Idea. Issues. Plot. Composition. Epigraph. Antithesis. Stages of action development: exposition, plot, climax, denouement, epilogue. Lyrical digression. Conflict. Author-narrator. Author's image. Character. Interior. Character. Type. Lyrical hero. System of images. Portrait. Scenery. Speaking surname. Remark. “Eternal themes” and “eternal images” in literature. Pathos. Fable. Speech characteristics of the hero: dialogue, monologue; inner speech. Tale
1.9	Detail. Symbol. Subtext.
1.10	Psychologism. Nationality. Historicism.
1.11	Tragic and comic. Satire, humor, irony, sarcasm. Grotesque.
1.12	The language of a work of art. Rhetorical question, exclamation. Aphorism. Inversion. Repeat. Anaphora. Fine and expressive means in a work of art: comparison, epithet, metaphor (including personification), metonymy. Hyperbola. Allegory. Oxymoron. Sound design: alliteration, assonance.
1.13	Style.
1.14	Prose and poetry. Versification systems. Poetic meters: trochee, iambic, dactyl, amphibrachium, anapest. Rhythm. Rhyme. Stanza. Dolnik. Accent verse. Blank verse. Vers libre.
1.15	Literary criticism.
2	From ancient Russian literature
2.1	"The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
3	From literature of the 18th century.
3.1	DI. Fonvizin. The play "The Minor".
3.2	G.R. Derzhavin. Poem "Monument".
4	From the literature of the first half of the 19th century.
4.1	V.A. Zhukovsky. Poem "Sea".
4.2	V.A. Zhukovsky. Ballad "Svetlana".
4.3	A.S. Griboyedov. The play "Woe from Wit".
4.4	A.S. Pushkin. Poems: “Village”, “Prisoner”, “In the Depths” Siberian ores...”, “Poet”, “To Chaadaev”, “Song about the prophetic Oleg”, “To the sea”, “Nanny”, “K***” (“I remember a wonderful moment ...”), “October 19” (“ The forest drops its crimson robe..."), "Prophet", "Winter Road", "Anchar", "On the hills of Georgia lies the darkness of the night...", "I loved you: love is still, perhaps...", " Winter morning”, “Demons”, “Conversation between a bookseller and a poet”, “Cloud”, “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...”, “The daylight has gone out...”, “Desert sower of freedom...”, “Imitations of the Koran” (IX. “And the traveler tired of God, he grumbled...") "Elegy", ("The faded joy of crazy years..."), "...I visited again...".
4.5	A.S. Pushkin. Novel "The Captain's Daughter".
4.6	A.S. Pushkin. Poem "The Bronze Horseman".
4.7	A.S. Pushkin. Novel "Eugene Onegin".
4.8	M.Yu. Lermontov. Poems: “No, I’m not Byron, I’m different...”, “Clouds”, “Beggar”, “From under the mysterious, cold half-mask...”, “Sail”, “Death of a Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing one worries Niva...", "Duma", "Poet" ("My dagger shines with a golden finish..."), "Three Palms", "Prayer" ("In a difficult moment of life..."), "Both boring and sad", "No, It’s not you that I love so passionately...", "Motherland", "Dream" ("In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan..."), "Prophet", "How often, surrounded by a motley crowd...", "Valerik", "I go out alone on the road…".
4.9	M.Yu. Lermontov. Poem "Song about... merchant Kalashnikov."
4.10	M.Yu. Lermontov. Poem "Mtsyri".
4.11	M.Yu. Lermontov. Novel "Hero of Our Time".
4.12	N.V. Gogol. The play "The Inspector General".
4.13	N.V. Gogol. The story "The Overcoat".
4.14	N.V. Gogol. Poem "Dead Souls".
5	From the literature of the second half of the 19th century.
5.1	A.N. Ostrovsky. The play "The Thunderstorm".
5.2	I.S. Turgenev. Novel "Fathers and Sons".
5.3	F.I. Tyutchev. Poems: “Noon”, “There is melodiousness in the sea waves...”, “A kite rose from the clearing...”, “There is in the original autumn...”, “Silentium!”, “Not what you think, nature...”, “With the mind Russia cannot be understood...", "Oh, how murderously we love...", "We are not given the power to predict...", "K. B." (“I met you – and all the past…”), “Nature is a sphinx. And the more true it is...”
5.4	A.A. Fet. Poems: “The dawn bids farewell to the earth...”, “With one push to drive away a living boat...”, “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch...”, “This morning, this joy...”, “Whisper, timid breathing ...", "The night was shining. The garden was full of moonlight. They were lying...", "It was still a May night."
5.5	I.A. Goncharov. Novel "Oblomov".
5.6	ON THE. Nekrasov. Poems: “Troika”, “I don’t like your irony...”, “Railroad”, “On the road”, “Yesterday, at six o’clock...”, “You and I are stupid people...”, “The Poet and the Citizen”, “Elegy” (“Let changing fashion tell us…”), “O Muse! I’m at the door of the coffin...”
5.7	ON THE. Nekrasov. Poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
5.8	M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Fairy tales: “The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”, “The Wild Landowner”, “The Wise Minnow”.
5.9	M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Novel “The History of a City” (review study).
5.10	L.N. Tolstoy. Novel "War and Peace".
5.11	F.M. Dostoevsky. Novel "Crime and Punishment".
5.12	N.S. Leskov. One piece (of the examinee’s choice).
6	From the literature of the late XIX – early XX centuries.
6.1	A.P. Chekhov. Stories: “Student”, “Ionych”, “Man in a Case”, “Lady with a Dog”, “Death of an Official”, “Chameleon”.
6.2	A.P. Chekhov. Play "The Cherry Orchard".
7	From the literature of the first half of the 20th century.
7.1	I.A. Bunin. Stories: “Mr. from San Francisco”, “Clean Monday”.
7.2	M. Gorky. The story "Old Woman Izergil".
7.3	M. Gorky. The play "At the Bottom".
7.4	A.A. Block. Poems: “Stranger”, “Russia”, “Night, street, lantern, pharmacy...”, “In a restaurant”, “The river spreads out. Flows, lazily sad..." (from the cycle "On the Kulikovo Field"), "On railway", "I enter dark temples...", "Factory", "Rus", "About valor, about exploits, about glory...", "Oh, I want to live madly...".
7.5	A.A. Block. Poem "Twelve".
7.6	V.V. Mayakovsky. Poems: “Could you?”, “Listen!”, “The violin and a little nervously”, “Lilichka!”, “Anniversary”, “Sitting around”, “Here!”, “ Good attitude to horses”, “An extraordinary adventure that happened with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Giveaway sale”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”.
7.7	V.V. Mayakovsky. Poem "Cloud in Pants."
7.8	S.A. Yesenin. Poems: “Go you, Rus', my dear!..”, “Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes...”, “Now we are leaving little by little...”, “Letter to the mother,” “The feather grass is sleeping. Dear plain...", "You are my Shagane, Shagane...", "I do not regret, I do not call, I do not cry...", "Soviet Rus'", "The road was thinking about the red evening...", "The hewn horns began to sing...", "Rus" , “Pushkin”, “I am walking through the valley. On the back of the head is a cap...”, “A low house with blue shutters...”.
7.9	M.I. Tsvetaeva. Poems: “To my poems, written so early...”, “Poems to Blok” (“Your name is a bird in the hand...”), “Who is created from stone, who is created from clay...”, “Longing for the homeland! A long time ago...", "Books in red binding", "To Grandmother", "Seven hills - like seven bells!.." (from the series "Poems about Moscow").
7.10	O.E. Mandelstam. Poems: " Notre Dame", "Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails...", "For explosive valor centuries to come...", "I returned to my city, familiar to tears...".
7.11	A.A. Akhmatova. Poems: “Song of the Last Meeting”, “I clenched my hands under a dark veil...”, “I have no need for odic hosts...”, “I had a voice. He called comfortingly...", " Motherland", "Tear-stained autumn, like a widow...", "Seaside Sonnet", "Before spring there are such days...", "I am not with those who abandoned the earth...", "Poems about Petersburg", "Courage".
7.12	A.A. Akhmatova. Poem "Requiem".
7.13	M.A. Sholokhov. Novel "Quiet Don".
7.14	M.A. Sholokhov. The story “The Fate of Man.”
7.15A	M.A. Bulgakov. Novel " White Guard"(choice allowed).
7.15B	M.A. Bulgakov. The novel “The Master and Margarita” (choice allowed).
7.16	A.T. Tvardovsky. Poems: “The whole point is one and only covenant...”, “In memory of the mother” (“In the land where they were taken in droves...”), “I know, it’s not my fault...”.
7.17	A.T. Tvardovsky. The poem “Vasily Terkin” (chapters “Crossing”, “Two Soldiers”, “Duel”, “Death and the Warrior”).
7.18	B.L. Parsnip. Poems: “February. Get some ink and cry!..”, “Definition of poetry”, “I want to achieve everything...”, “Hamlet”, “Winter Night” (“It’s chalk, it’s chalk all over the earth...”), “There will be no one in the house... “,” “It’s snowing,” “About these poems,” “Loving others is a heavy cross...”, “Pines,” “Hoarfrost,” “July.”
7.19	B.L. Parsnip. The novel “Doctor Zhivago” (review study with analysis of fragments).
7.20	A.P. Platonov. One piece (of the examinee’s choice).
7.21	A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The story "Matrenin's yard".
7.22	A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.”
8	From the literature of the second half of the twentieth century.
8.1	Prose of the second half of the 20th century. F. Abramov, Ch.T. Aitmatov, V.P. Astafiev, V.I. Belov, A.G. Bitov, V.V. Bykov, V.S. Grossman, S.D. Dovlatov, V.L. Kondratyev, V.P. Nekrasov, E.I. Nosov, V.G. Rasputin, V.F. Tendryakov, Yu.V. Trifonov, V.M. Shukshin (works of at least three authors of your choice).
8.2	Poetry of the second half of the 20th century. B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky, V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky (poems by at least three authors of your choice).
8.3	Drama of the second half of the twentieth century. A.N. Arbuzov, A.V. Vampilov, A.M. Volodin, V.S. Rozov, M.M. Roshchin (work of one author's choice).

Poems from the codifier

The program does not include many poems, which also facilitates the preparation process. All these poems are connected thematically. Therefore, systematic reading of them guarantees the absence of problems with task 16, where you need to select similar works by analogy and tell what they have in common with the one given in the question. Of course, you don’t need to learn them by heart, but you can make thematic selections of poetic works for yourself and write down your impressions of each of them.

1. V.A. Zhukovsky: “Sea”, Ballad “Svetlana”
2. A.S. Pushkin. Pushkin's lyrics: “Village”, “Prisoner”, “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”, “Poet”, “To Chaadaev”, “Song of the prophetic Oleg”, “To the sea”, “Nanny”, “K***” (“I remember a wonderful moment...”), “October 19” (“The forest drops its crimson attire...”), “Prophet”, “Winter Road”, “Anchar”, “On the hills of Georgia lies the darkness of the night...”, “I loved you: love still, perhaps...", "Winter Morning", "Demons", "Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet", "Cloud", "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...", "The daylight has gone out...", "Desert Sower of Freedom ...”, “Imitations of the Koran” (IX. “And the tired traveler grumbled at God ...”), “Elegy”, (“The fading fun of crazy years ...”), “... I visited again...”. Poem "The Bronze Horseman".
3. M.Yu. Lermontov: “No, I’m not Byron, I’m different...”, “Clouds”, “Beggar”, “From under a mysterious, cold half-mask...”, “Sail”, “Death of a Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing one worries Niva...", "Duma", "Poet" ("My dagger shines with a golden finish..."), "Three Palms", "Prayer" ("In a difficult moment of life..."), "Both boring and sad", "No, It’s not you that I love so passionately...", "Motherland", "Dream" ("In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan..."), "Prophet", "How often, surrounded by a motley crowd...", "Valerik", "I go out alone on the road…". Poem "Song about... merchant Kalashnikov." Poem "Mtsyri".
4. ON THE. Nekrasov: “Troika”, “I don’t like your irony...”, “Railroad”, “On the Road”, “Yesterday, at about six o’clock...”, “You and I are stupid people...”, “The Poet and the Citizen”, “Elegy” (“Let changing fashion tell us…”), “O Muse! I’m at the door of the coffin...” Poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
5. A.A. Fet: “The dawn says goodbye to the earth...”, “With one push, drive away a living boat...”, “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch...”, “This morning, this joy...”, “Whisper, timid breathing ...", "The night was shining. The garden was full of moonlight. They were lying...", "It was still a May night."
6. A.A. Block: “Stranger”, “Russia”, “Night, street, lantern, pharmacy...”, “In a restaurant”, “The river spreads out. Flows, lazily sad...” (from the cycle “On the Kulikovo Field”), “On the Railway”, “I Enter Dark Temples...”, “Factory”, “Rus”, “About Valor, About Deeds, About Glory...” , “Oh, I want to live crazy…”. Poem "Twelve"
7. V.V. Mayakovsky: “Could you?”, “Listen!”, “Violin and a little nervously”, “Lilichka!”, “Anniversary”, “Getting to sit up”, “Here!”, “Good attitude towards horses”, “An extraordinary adventure , who was with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Giveaway sale”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”. Poem "Cloud in Pants"
8. S.A. Yesenin: “Go you, Rus', my dear!..”, “Don’t wander, don’t crush in the crimson bushes...”, “Now we are leaving little by little...”, “Letter to the mother,” “The feather grass is sleeping. Dear plain...", "You are my Shagane, Shagane...", "I do not regret, I do not call, I do not cry...", "Soviet Rus'", "The road was thinking about the red evening...", "The hewn horns began to sing...", "Rus" , “Pushkin”, “I am walking through the valley. On the back of the head is a cap...", "A low house with blue shutters..."
9. M.I. Tsvetaeva: “To my poems, written so early...”, “Poems to Blok” (“Your name is a bird in the hand...”), “Who is created from stone, who is created from clay...”, “Longing for the homeland! A long time ago...", "Books in red binding", "To Grandmother", "Seven hills - like seven bells!.." (from the series "Poems about Moscow")
10. O.E. Mandelstam: “Notre Dame”, “Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails...", "For the explosive valor of the coming centuries...", "I returned to my city, familiar to tears..."
11. A.A. Akhmatova: “Song of the last meeting”, “Clenched my hands under a dark veil...”, “I don’t need anything
    odic army...", "I had a voice. He called comfortingly...", "Native Land", "Tear-stained autumn, like a widow...", "Seaside Sonnet", "Before spring there are days like this...", "I am not with those who abandoned the earth...", "Poems about St. Petersburg ", "Courage". Poem "Requiem".
12. B.L. Pasternak: “February. Get some ink and cry!..”, “Definition of poetry”, “I want to achieve everything...”, “Hamlet”, “Winter Night” (“It’s chalk, it’s chalk all over the earth...”), “There will be no one in the house... “,” “It’s snowing,” “About these poems,” “Loving others is a heavy cross...”, “Pines,” “Hoarfrost,” “July.”
13. Poems by at least three authors of your choice: B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky, V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky.
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The Unified State Exam in Literature in 2018 is an elective subject. Not every graduate chooses this exam - basically, only those guys who in the future want to connect their lives with philology, linguistics, journalism and other humanities that require knowledge of literature. The complexity of this exam is due to the fact that the student needs to prepare very seriously and read a lot a large number of works of Russian literature, both lyrical and prosaic.

Not all children have time to master such a volume of information in a year, since meaningful reading of large novels takes an extremely long time. Therefore, in order to successfully pass the Unified State Exam in Literature in the 11th grade, it is necessary to begin preparation in a timely manner - preferably not a year in advance, but at least from the 10th grade, while regularly turning to the theoretical basis and returning to previously read works. Let's figure out how to prepare for the Unified State Exam in Literature in 2018.

At the Hodograph TC you will find qualified tutors to prepare for the OGE in literature for students, and. We practice individual and group activities 3-4 people, we provide discounts on training. Our students score on average 30 points more!

Literature for the Unified State Exam 2018 - preparation from scratch

If you decide to take the Unified State Exam in Literature, but don’t know how to start preparing, we’ll give you some advice. First, you need to develop a good theoretical base, that is, read all the necessary works and become familiar with the basic concepts from the theory and history of literature. Look through the codifier on this subject (it is presented on the FIPI website or in the corresponding article on our portal), mark those works that you have already read, and those concepts from the theory that you fully understand. Then start reading the works.

We advise you not to “rush” from one author to another, but to read sequentially so that you can trace changes in works within a particular period of history. You can “dilute” large ones prose works poems: for example, you decided to read the novel “Hero of Our Time” by M.Yu. Lermontov, then you can read 50-60 pages a day (or, for example, 1 chapter), and after that another 1-2 program poems. This way you will save time and diversify your preparation.

As for historical and literary information, you can keep a separate notebook where you will write down terms and definitions: for example, what is an artistic image, what is the difference between the form and content of a work, why plot and plot are not the same thing, etc.

Also, for clarity, make diagrams and tables: types of literary genres, what are their features and what examples of works can be given; why fixed assets artistic expression can be divided into lexical (tropes) and syntactic (figures of speech); what are the poetic meters in the syllabic-tonic system of versification, etc. Such notes will help you “sort out your thoughts” and clearly structure a continuous set of terms. Try to start and you will get hooked, it is actually a very exciting process!

Literature of the Unified State Exam - preparation for short answer tasks

Having developed a good theoretical basis, you can begin to practice - namely, tasks with a short answer (tasks 1–7 and 10–14), where the answers are written either in the form of a word, a phrase, or a sequence of numbers. Let's look at the specifics of each task:

In tasks 1 and 10 you need to indicate the literary movement/direction within which the given work was written, or its genre. Understand and learn the differences between classicism, realism, futurism, etc.

In tasks 2 and 11, as a rule, you are required to indicate the artistic device used in a certain sentence (line) of the passage: it can be anaphora, hyperbole, antithesis, metaphor. A glossary of terms to help you: learn and find means of artistic expression in all kinds of texts!

Tasks 5-7, sometimes 11-13 may have a “mirror” form: you may be asked to write down a word or phrase that is one or another means of expression (for example, “Write down an epithet”; “Write down the line number that contains a metaphor”, etc. .d.). The preparation is exactly the same: we learn the terms and practice finding them.

Task 4 in the Unified State Exam in Literature, as a rule, tests knowledge of the content of the work presented in the first block of tasks: it is necessary to compare the character and his characteristics/further fate/role in the work. There is only one way to prepare: read the work and simply remember its characters.

In task 14 you need to indicate the poetic meter in which the presented lyrical work is written. Here it is necessary to know the system of syllabic-tonic versification by heart, and not only be able to “distinguish an iambic from a trochee,” but also a dactyl from an amphibrachium and anapest, and it would also be nice to understand what a spondee and a pyrrhic are. Don’t be intimidated by these terms - once you understand them, you will easily learn to identify any poetic meter.

Thus, tasks 1-7, 10-16 imply knowledge of basic concepts from the theory and history of literature.

Unified State Exam Literature -
preparation for tasks with a detailed answer

Now let's look at how to prepare for tasks with a detailed answer. First of all, you should start by practicing mini-essays of 5–10 sentences (tasks 8,9,15,16). As a rule, tasks 8 and 15 relate directly to a prose or lyrical work (or an excerpt thereof) given in the KIM, for example, “What character traits of the hero does the given episode allow us to judge?” or “What is the contradictory nature of the poet’s attitude towards Russia in this poem?”

Here you need to answer the question posed directly and as succinctly as possible, without “water” and “without thoughts spreading over the tree,” justifying your answer with a quotation - just imagine that your friend asked you this question and you answer him. Tasks 9 and 16 involve comparing the given text with works of similar themes and justifying the similarities (as a rule, prose is compared with prose, poetry with poetry).

The task sounds something like this: “In which works of Russian classics does the theme sound civil service, military or civilian, and how these works can be compared with “ Captain's daughter» A.S. Pushkin? or “In which works of Russian poets the image of Russia was created and what are its similarities and differences in these works

and a poem by A.A. Blok? Here it is already necessary to demonstrate knowledge of other works, the ability to compare different texts and the ability to argue your point of view.

Literature of the Unified State Examination - preparation for essays

As for the essay from task 17 in the Unified State Examination in Literature 2018, here you already need to rely on both theory and direct knowledge of a particular work, its plot and characters, and features of the composition. The task may sound, for example, like this: “What role did Sonya Marmeladova play in the fate of Rodion Raskolnikov?”

There is only one way to prepare: write as many essays as possible. When writing, you need to rely on the author’s position and formulate your point of view, and then argue your theses based on literary works(in an essay on lyricism, it is necessary to analyze at least three poems). Also, do not forget to use theoretical and literary concepts to analyze the work (the same ones that you wrote down in a separate notebook).

Pay special attention to the composition of the essay - it should have an introduction, main part and conclusion. Thoughts must be presented coherently and logically, in compliance with the norms of speech. The volume of the essay is not that large - a minimum of only 200 words. Such tasks are similar to ordinary ones school essays, with the only difference that you will not have the opportunity to use cheat sheets and the Internet - but you don’t need them, do you?

Practice solving as many as possible typical options, look at different options and formulations of tasks, write essays (and at the same time note how much time it takes you) - this way you will develop your own algorithm for writing answers and develop your own style of reasoning. Good luck on the exam!

Specification
control measuring materials
for holding the unified state exam in 2018
on literature

1. Purpose of KIM Unified State Exam

The Unified State Exam (hereinafter referred to as the Unified State Exam) is a form of objective assessment of the quality of training of persons who have mastered educational programs average general education, using tasks of a standardized form (control measuring materials).

The Unified State Examination is conducted in accordance with Federal law dated December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On education in Russian Federation».

Tests measuring materials allow you to determine the level of mastery of the Federal component by graduates state standard secondary (complete) general education in literature, basic and specialized levels.

The results of the unified state examination in literature are recognized by educational organizations of secondary vocational education and educational organizations of higher
vocational education as results entrance examinations on literature.

2. Documents defining the content of the Unified State Exam KIM

The content of the examination work is determined on the basis of the Federal component of the state standard of secondary (complete) general education (Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated March 5, 2004 No. 1089). Some positions of this document are specified based on the Mandatory minimum content of basic general and secondary (complete) general education in literature, approved by orders of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated May 19, 1998 No. 1236 and dated June 30, 1999 No. 56 (the justification is given in explanatory note to the codifier of content elements and requirements for the level of training of general graduates educational organizations to carry out a unified
state exam in literature).

3. Approaches to selecting content and developing the structure of the Unified State Exam KIM

The principles of selecting the content and developing the structure of the KIM Unified State Examination in literature correspond to the goal of obtaining objective and reliable information about the graduate’s readiness to continue education in the humanities in organizations of secondary and higher professional education.

The long-term improvement of the Unified State Exam KIM in literature went in the direction of searching for the optimal structure of the examination work, creating a reliable system for assessing it, ensuring the objectivity of the exam results. The number of tasks testing knowledge of particular literary facts was reduced (in 2007, multiple-choice tasks were removed from the examination model: the experiment showed their ineffectiveness and “foreignness” in relation to literature); the number of long-response tasks related to moral issues increased works of art; a typology of tasks of different content was developed; evaluation criteria were clarified; determined optimal ratio tasks of various types in the structure of the examination paper, etc.

Each version of the KIM includes tasks that are different in both the form of presentation and the level of complexity, the completion of which reveals the level of mastery by Unified State Exam participants of the main elements of the content of various sections of the course, the degree of formation of subject competencies and general academic skills.

Thus, when passing the Unified State Exam in literature, the examinee is required to activate the most significant types of educational activities: analytical understanding literary text, its interpretation, searching for grounds for comparing literary phenomena and facts, writing a reasoned response to problematic issue and so on.

4. Structure of KIM Unified State Exam

IN exam paper Two parts are highlighted and continuous numbering of tasks is adopted. CMM includes 17 tasks that differ in form and level of difficulty.

Part 1 offers assignments that include questions for the analysis of literary works. The ability of graduates to determine the main elements of the content and artistic structure of the studied works is tested (themes and issues, heroes and events, artistic techniques, different kinds tropes, etc.), as well as consider specific literary works in connection with the course material.

Part 1 includes two sets of tasks.

The first set of tasks relates to a fragment of an epic, or lyric epic, or dramatic work: 7 tasks with a short answer (1-7), requiring the writing of a word, or a phrase, or a sequence of numbers, and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences ( 8, 9).

The second set of tasks relates to a lyrical work: 5 tasks with a short answer (10-14) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences (15. 16).

The general structure of part 1 is subordinated to the task of broad content coverage of literary material. Literary texts offered for analysis make it possible to test not only graduates’ knowledge of specific works, but also the ability to analyze the text taking into account its genre affiliation: 2 tasks involve access to a broad literary context (substantiation of the connection of this literary text with other works according to the aspects of comparison specified in the tasks ). Thus, relying on intra-subject connections of the studied course allows for additional coverage of the content of the tested literary material.

Following the proposed algorithm of work allows examinees to identify the place and role of the episode (sienna) in the overall structure of the work (analysis of the fragment), to reveal the plot and composition. figurative and thematic stylistic features analyzed text, summarize your observations in a literary context.

Part 2 requires work from participants Unified State Exam writing full-length expanded essay on literary theme. Thus, to the literary material worked out in part 1, another substantive component of the course being tested is added. The graduate is offered 4 topics (17.1-17.4).

The internal logic of arranging a set of four topics is determined by several approaches. The topics of the essays cover the most important stages of the national historical and literary process and are formulated based on the works of ancient Russian literature and the classics of the 18th century. literature of the 19th century- XXI centuries (including the latest literature of the 1990s - 2000s). The theme set can be used different shapes presenting the task: in the form of a question or thesis (statement). The topics of assignment 17.1-17.4 also differ in the peculiarities of their wording. One of them may be of a literary nature (the literary concept comes to the fore). The other directs the examinee to reflect on the themes and issues of the work(s) of a particular author. The set may contain a topic that guides the examinee to create an essay close to reader's diary. However, it should not be considered as “free”, since it is strictly attached to specific literary material and requires its analysis. Another version of task 17.1-17.4 is a topic close to a literature review. Addressing this type of topic allows the examinee to freely choose the text and gives him the opportunity to express his reading interests.
The graduate chooses only one of the proposed topics and writes an essay on it, justifying his judgments by referring to the work (from memory).

Public discussion of the new Unified State Examination model in literature has begun

Text: Natalya Lebedeva/RG
Photo: god-2018s.com

In 2018 graduates Russian schools will take a literature exam using a new model. Demonstration versions of the updated Unified State Exam are already ready; moreover, they have already been tested in 13 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. 1000 high school students from 60 educational organizations took part in the experiment different types. The majority of teachers (94 percent) approved of the changes. And analysis Unified State Exam results showed that the new model is no more complex than the current one.

However, based on the results of testing, the promising model of the Unified State Examination in literature was finalized and is now presented for wide public and professional discussion.

We have studied the demo version and are ready to tell you what graduates of 2018 should prepare for.

The main difference is that in the Unified State Exam 2018 in literature there will be no short-answer tasks at all. All assignments will require you to write detailed answers.

Also in the new model, the number of tasks at the participant’s choice has been increased, but at the same time, as the developers assure, the total number of tasks with a detailed answer remains unchanged: the examinee writes four detailed answers of a limited volume and one essay.

But now it will be easier to complete comparative tasks: the source text will need to be compared with only one work, and not with two, as now.

But the requirements for the length of the essay will become stricter. If previously it was enough to write 200 words, then in the new model it is already 250 words. If the work contains less than 200 words, it will be scored 0 points. The developers also specified the scope of detailed answers for the first part of the exam. Each answer must be at least 50 words.

To increase the objectivity of the assessment, the criteria for assessing detailed answers have been improved. The teachers who took part in testing the new Unified State Exam model insisted on this.

Get acquainted with demo version The updated Unified State Examination in literature is available on the website of the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements.

Your comments and suggestions on the promising model of the Unified State Exam in Literature can be sent until the end of March 2017 to the FIPI address: [email protected].

Please note that the new examination model in literature will not be used at the Unified State Exam in 2017; its introduction is planned in 2018.