Geography
Story
According to some sources, the village was founded in 1580.
Population
Infrastructure
An asphalt concrete plant, a dairy plant, a vocational school, a school, a correctional boarding school, three mosques.
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Excerpt characterizing Kamyshl (Samara region)
Having overtaken all the battalions in front, he stopped the 3rd division and became convinced that, indeed, there was no rifle chain ahead of our columns. The regimental commander of the regiment in front was very surprised by the order given to him from the commander-in-chief to scatter the riflemen. The regimental commander stood here in full confidence that there were still troops ahead of him, and that the enemy could not be closer than 10 miles. Indeed, nothing was visible ahead except a deserted area, sloping forward and covered with thick fog. Having ordered on behalf of the commander-in-chief to fulfill what had been missed, Prince Andrei galloped back. Kutuzov stood still in the same place and, senilely slumped in the saddle with his corpulent body, yawned heavily, closing his eyes. The troops no longer moved, but stood at gunpoint.“Okay, okay,” he said to Prince Andrei and turned to the general, who, with a watch in his hands, said that it was time to move, since all the columns from the left flank had already descended.
“We’ll still have time, Your Excellency,” Kutuzov said through a yawn. - We'll make it! - he repeated.
At this time, behind Kutuzov, the sounds of regiments greeting each other were heard in the distance, and these voices began to quickly approach along the entire length of the stretched line of advancing Russian columns. It was clear that the one they were greeting was traveling quickly. When the soldiers of the regiment in front of which Kutuzov was standing shouted, he drove a little to the side and looked back with a wince. On the road from Pratzen, a squadron of multi-colored horsemen galloped along. Two of them galloped side by side in front of the others. One was in a black uniform with a white plume on a red anglicized horse, the other in a white uniform on a black horse. These were two emperors with their retinue. Kutuzov, with the affectation of a soldier at the front, commanded the troops standing at attention and, saluting, drove up to the emperor. His whole figure and manner suddenly changed. He took on the appearance of a commanding, unreasoning person. With an affectation of respect that obviously struck Emperor Alexander unpleasantly, he rode up and saluted him.
Qamishla- Kamyshla, a village in the Samara region, the center of the Kamyshlinsky district, 200 km northeast of Samara. Located on the river. Sok (tributary of the Volga), 20 km south of railway station Klyavlino. Population 6 thousand people. Founded in 1580 as a village,... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"
Kamyshla series name geographical objects: Contents 1 Settlements 2 Rivers 3 Other meanings ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Qamishla (meanings). Kamyshla Characteristics Length 18 km Basin area 97.6 km² Basin Caspian Sea Watercourse ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Qamishla (meanings). Kamyshla Characteristics Length 20 km Basin area 80.8 km² Basin Caspian Sea Watercourse ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Qamishla (meanings). Kamyshla Characteristics Length 12 km Katun Basin Watercourse Katun Mouth Location 158 km to the left ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Qamishla (meanings). Kamyshla Find or fall Nakhodka Place ... Wikipedia
Kamyshla RUPS- 446970, Samara, district center of Kamyshlinsky ... Settlements and indexes of Russia
State budgetary educational institution
middle School of General education
municipal district Kamyshlinsky
Samara region
Research work: VILLAGE KAMYSHLA is our “small Motherland”.
The history of our region is an immense topic. History is not only facts and dates, history is someone’s destinies and characters, it is countless extraordinary incidents, sometimes incredible events and facts, it is human tears, pain, happiness... This is LIFE!
The ancient Chinese said: “When you drink water, remember those who dug the well.” This is a very wise thought, because people cut off from their past are not able to create in the present and future. We must know the objective history of our village and region.
After spending sociological survey, came to light problem - residents of the village of Kamyshla do not know the history of their native land BUT WE WOULD LIKE TO KNOW. We have come to conclusion that it is necessary to know the past and present of your village, the “small Motherland”, its spiritual and cultural traditions and we will help with this.
Main idea and relevance.
Why did we choose this problem? First of all, in order to study the history of the village more deeply. Nowadays, few people are interested in the past of their small homeland, and this is a real problem. But everyone will still need to know the history of their region. And therefore, perhaps our work will be of interest to the younger generation. We would like to awaken in girls and boys respect and love for their native village. After all, the future of this village depends on them.
Interest in historical and artistic values is growing day by day, because they have the ability to have an emotional impact on the thoughts and feelings of people and participate in a person’s upbringing. A special place here is occupied by interest in your small homeland, in your everyday surroundings, in the history of the place where you live.
Target our research activities- collect materials about the emergence and development of the village of Kamyshla.
The final result of the work There will be a reading of a report at a school conference and a stand in the school museum about the history of the village of Kamyshla.
To achieve the goal, the following must be solved: tasks:
1) find and study literature about the first inhabitants who inhabited our lands;
2) from conversations with elderly village residents, write down all the facts they know about the history of their native village;
3) work with materials stored in the Kamyshlinsky archive at the administration;
4) describe the history of the village of Kamyshla from found sources;
5) create a stand “History of the village of Kamyshla” in the school museum.
Basic method research - interviewing old-timers and working in the archive.
An object research - the history of the native village of Kamyshla.
Item research - Kamyshla village.
Problems that have arisen, difficulties, ways to solve them.
It turned out to be very difficult to understand the past of the village. All the information we found about Qamishl was fragmentary and very confusing. No one, apparently, has been engaged in systematizing information about the village from the distant past to the present day. Sometimes repeated facts about the village in different sources contradict each other. I had to analyze and compare information about the village. Here, the old residents of the village, Abdrafikov Akhmetnagim Abdrafikovich and Badretdinov Midukhat Minutdinovich, who collected articles about the past of the village, provided us with great help. Before this, we have never had to sort out so many historical facts. But we have solved this problem too.
Having visited district library village of Kamyshla, we found and studied literature about the first inhabitants who inhabited our lands.
IN interuniversity collection scientific works
"Culture Bronze Age of Eastern Europe"
, published in Kuibyshev in 1983, Agapov mentions the Chulpan burial ground - a monument from the period of the Timber-frame culture. The tribes of the Srubnaya culture are Indo-European tribes that occupied the territory of the steppe and forest-steppe from the Northern Black Sea region to Ural mountains from the middle of the second millennium BC. e.
In the Chulpan burial ground, a bone buckle, a quartzite dart tip, and bone rings characteristic of the Timber-Grave culture tribes were found. On questions about the origin of the Tatar villages of Soka, about the development of land, about the formation of the population in the 17th - 19th centuries. the richest material is provided by archives: the funds of the Central State Archive of Ancient Acts in Moscow, the funds of the State Archive of the Kuibyshev Region in Kuibyshev, the funds of the State Archive Orenburg region in Orenburg, funds of the archive of the local history museum of Buguruslan (Tatar villages belonged to the Buguruslan district of the Samara province from the middle of the 19th century to 1917).
Where did the Tatar population come here from, who are the Tatars? What is their historical origin, how the language was formed, what groups the Tatars are divided into, what their numbers are and where the main areas of Tatar settlement are located.
Historical development Sok Tatars is inextricably linked with the development of the entire Tatar people. The picturesque banks of the Volga, Kama, Kinel, Sok, meadow floodplains with lakes rich in fish and birds, fertile lands could not attract numerous settlers since ancient times. From the 4th century AD e. Numerous nomadic tribes (mostly Turkic-speaking) began to penetrate from the southeast and south into the forest-steppe part from the Urals to the upper reaches of the Oka, constantly displacing and partially mixing with the Finno-Ugric tribes who lived here.
Since the 4th century, Turkic-speaking tribes - the Bulgarians - moved to the middle Volga. They settled mainly on the left banks of the Volga and Kama. Here, at the end of the 4th - beginning of the 10th century, an early feudal state was formed, which received the name Volga Bulgaria. The southern border of this state ran along the Samara Luka (Murm town) and further east along the Cheremshan River. And according to the map diagram placed in the book of the Kazan historian, doctor historical sciences, Professor A. Kh. Khalikov “The Origin of the Tatars of the Volga and Urals Region”, the territory of our region is classified as a zone of “political influence” of Volga Bulgaria.
Legends say that the banks of the Soka River in the area around present-day Kamyshli began to be settled in the 16th century. In 1533, the village of Tatar Baitugan was founded there, which was also called Upper Ermak. In 1737, several residents separated and formed the village of Nizhny Ermak.
The first half of the 19th century was a time further development capitalist structure in the economy of the region, the decomposition of the feudal-capitalist system, further aggravation class struggle. State peasants made up the majority among peasants of other categories (landowners, appanages) - 390,141 people, which was 62.9 percent.
The population of the region grew rapidly. The tsarist government resettled peasants to the free lands of the Volga region, and new lands attracted landowners. Only from 1816 to 1848, settlers from Ukraine, from Kursk, Tambov, Penza, Voronezh, Ryazan and other provinces founded about 200 towns and villages in the Bugurslan district.
The population of Kamyshli increased 3-4 times from 1804 to 1859. In 1804, the population of the villages of the Sok Tatars was as follows: Kamyshla - 280 inhabitants, 55 households We see the composition of the population of villages in the mid-19th century from the List populated areas according to information from 1859 (Samara province), St. Petersburg, 1884. According to this “List...” in Qamishl in 1859 there were 1535 inhabitants, 214 households, one mosque K mid-19th century, the largest village becomes Kamyshla. In 1910, there were already 3,336 residents and 620 households in Qamishl (that is, the population doubled in half a century). This population growth in the 19th century can be explained by the appearance of immigrants here from other places, as well as due to natural growth population. In the book by Yu. M. Tarasov “Russian colonization of the Southern Urals” the resettlement of peasants to the Buzuluk and Bugulma districts is noted. He writes about the resettlement of the “yasak Tatars” to Kamyshla in the first quarter of the 19th century. Kamyshla, as the most numerous and more advantageously located geographical settlement, subsequently became a regional center until 1963, that is, until the merger of the Kamyshlinsky district, first with Pokhvistnevsky, then in 1965 with Klyavlinsky and the formation of the Klyavlinsky district. Then these areas were divided back.
End of form
To find out the history of the village of Kamyshla, we met with many elderly fellow villagers. We found out that Abdrafikov Akhmetnagim Abdrafikovich kept a translation from Tatar chronicles history of the village of Kamyshla. He allowed us to photocopy and place a copy of the chronicle in the school museum. Having studied the chronicle, we found out that it was supplemented and passed on from generation to generation. Since there are many grammatical errors, we processed the chronicle without distorting the meaning. In the future, we intend to talk about the history of the village of Kamyshla.
The attached historical essay describes the history of the villages of the Kamyshlinsky district: when they were inhabited - they were founded, what events happened before the revolution, how they lived, the eve October revolution, the period of establishment of Soviet power and the struggle to strengthen the Soviet system, period civil war, collectivization period Agriculture etc. But not everything is covered yet what happened. Therefore, it is necessary to continue collecting new materials from all villages and hamlets, to deepen and expand the study of the history of the area, and to supplement them with new materials.
Describe the geographical data of nature, the fauna of the area, fossils, economy, achievements, cultures, etc.
December 1960 Saniakhmet Khuziakhmet:
Village Kamyshla
NOTE: The original notes, written in the Tatar language, in the Arabic alphabet by a resident of the village of Kamyshla, Safin Latfulla, were kept in the Kamyshlinskaya museum high school. But the entire folder with documents was stolen from the museum, according to the explanations of geography teacher P.A. Goryachev.
Signed: Saniakhmetov.
HISTORICAL REFERENCE
about the history of the village of KAMYSHLA
and Kamyshlinsky district
This certificate includes information up to the beginning of the 20th century, taken from diaries left by a citizen of the village of Kamyshla, Idiyatov Galiulla, data from his grandfathers, great-grandfathers of five generations - Idiyat, Bakir, Gumer, etc. and the diaries of the Safin Yarulla and Latfulla, as well as records left by their grandfathers , great-grandfathers, as well as according to information collected by employees of the Kazan branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences G.K. Yakupova and based on materials from a citizen of the village of Staroye Ermakovo, Akhmadullin Gatiyatulla. Period - early 20th century - 1960s. , the author of the reference, Saniakhmetov Khuziakhmet, presents it from personal observations. The settlements of the Kamyshlinsky district began to be populated and formed in the 16th century. For example, the village of Tatar Baytugan, previously called Upper Ermak, was founded in 1533. The village of Kamyshla was founded in 1580. The village of Balykla was founded in 1650 or 1660. Village. Old Ermakovo was founded in 1737. Citizens from the village of Tat settled in the village of Staroye Ermakovo. Baitugan or Upper Ermak, and the village of Old Ermakovo was called Nizhny Ermak. These names of the villages were preserved until 1850 in the seal of the headman. The village of New Ermakovo was founded by citizens who moved from the village of Staroe Ermakovo, around 1790 - 1800. The name of the village of Ermak was given by the name of the first settler Yarmukhamed Tui, no further details are described. In 1533, supposedly the Kazan Khan Muhammad Amin sent Yarmukhamed as a foreman to the Tatar Baytugan, at the same time the village was named after him Upper Ermak. For the first time, 12 households appeared in the village of Staroye Ermakovo.
In the village of Kamyshla, six households of Russians who arrived from the village of Starye Sosny first appeared. Later, 10-12 Bashkir households appeared. After 60 years, Tatars from Tatarstan - the city of Bavly - began to arrive and settle. The first settlers were Aisakai, Musakai/apparently Aisa, Musa, Isa, etc./ The author of these lines also remembers how the northern end of the village of Kamyshla was called - the six-yard end/ altyn uchy - or alty oh uchy/. Locality They called it Kamyshla because there were impassable swamps and reeds growing in this place. They nested here then wild geese, cranes and swans. They hatched their chicks. The names of the river Kamyshlinka and Sok were given by the first inhabitants. The lands - fields around Kamyshly within a radius of 50 versts were called Nadirovsky dachas, which included the villages of Rychkovo and the village of Bakaevo in the east, the village of Balykla in the south, the village of Semyonkino in the north and the village of New Ermakovo in the west. Why were they called Nadirovsky dachas? There is a legend that supposedly there was a war near Qamishli. During the battle, a certain large commander-general was seriously wounded and left in the reeds/apparently in panic/. Nadir from the village of Kamyshla and his comrade Chankabir saved this general. Allegedly, they made a stretcher out of reeds and carried the wounded general from the battlefield to the rear. Then through certain time this general came to the village of Kamyshla, found Nadir and offered him a gift for his salvation - “take as much money, gold, etc. as you want.” Nadir refused gold, he asked for land. He was given land within a radius of 50 versts and a letter stating that benefits were provided to residents living in the village of Kamyshla. Residents were exempted from all duties: from paying taxes, military service, etc. Those who enjoyed benefits were called Bashkirs, and those who came to live later were called yasak. They did not enjoy benefits. After the death of Nadir, this charter was passed to grandfather Sharif, and later to the old woman Sharif. Subsequently, this letter was burned in a fire. After this, all benefits and privileges were canceled.
In the village of Kamyshla lived Russians, Bashkirs, Tatars - tiptere and yasak, each had their own superiors, separate elders, sotskys, etc. The Bashkirs living along the Sok River gave one soldier from five households to serve the king for a period of 25 years. From the stories of old people it is known that rich people did not become soldiers, although the lot fell to them, but instead of themselves they hired poor people and sent them by force through deception.
In 1774, allegedly Pugachev’s troops occupied the village of Kamyshla. When the troops approached the village, the people fled into the forest. The troops reached the second ravine, which is in the north of the village of Kamyshla towards the village of Davletkulovo (“auly-kul” - translated as “ravine-count-invasion of troops, military, military stake”), without finding anyone, they went back. The residents were in the forest, a little further - in the third ravine (“suenchele-kol” (senchelekol) as people say; translated into Russian, the ravine is a gift for good news). There is a legend that once upon a time in the southeast of the village of Kamyshla there were troops advancing from the south. They were located in the area - the tract "tun-kaen" translated into Russian as "frozen birch" and "ziratly chagyl" - translated into Russian as "grave mountain", on the mountain there were graves lined with a stone fence, apparently they were buried there killed in battle. Their opponents were on the right bank of the Sok River - in the north of the “Crane’s Nest” tract, which is between the Golden Mountain and “Klych Tau” translated into Russian as “saber mountain”. On this mountain they found a saber left after the battles. We must assume that this also dates back to the time of Pugachev’s invasion. Apparently, from the south “tun kaen” and “ziratly chagyl” were the troops of Pugachev, and in the north the troops of Queen Catherine the Second were retreating to the north.
The boundaries between the villages were allegedly established only in 1850-1860. Attached are two documents written by a resident of the village of Kamyshla, an employee of the Yana Turmysh collective farm, Safin Latfulla, in the Tatar language in Arabic alphabet (as the Tatars used to write).
These documents are attached.
About the history of the village of Kamyshla.
Translation from Tatar Copy
(Corrected from old diaries and notes)
The first six Russian families arrived and settled in the area of the Knyachke-Tubyage tract along the Sok River. Their horses went to graze in the “Achy” (Bitter) meadows beyond the Sok River, and to lick salt on the salt marshes. They were forced to move to the “Kamyshly-kul” area (the territory of the village of Kamyshla). They also gave the names to the rivers Sok and Kamyshlinka. Ten families who arrived from Bashkiria also settled in these six Russian households, and so there were 16 households - this was in 1581.
At that time there was a swamp in this area and reeds grew, which gave the name to the village. The Kazan Tatars began to join the Russians and Bashkirs who had previously settled. Thus the population began to increase. When there were a lot of people, they trampled the swamps and springs. There are only two springs left - “Kara Tup” (translated as black bottom) and “Varlan” (named after a Russian man, Vardam). The “Kara Tep” spring is located in the center of the village of Kamyshla.
In 1584, a house of worship - a mosque - was opened. The imam of the mosque was Gabdulgaziev. A few years later there was a fire and the mosque burned down. In 1863, another mosque was built, which is still in operation. They brought a mullah from the city of Sterlitamak - the imam of the Nadir mosque - a Khazryat, he served as an imam. After that there were imamams Sharif, Badretdin, Mirgabidzhan, Mukhamyatgali, then Jamil. The village of Kamyshla grew quickly. Three villages separated from it: in 1911 there was a big fire, 315 households burned down - the village of Buzbash separated. In 1922, the village of Davletkulovo was separated from Kamyshly, and then the village of Yulduz. These data were recorded by village residents - Isay, Khusain, Khasan, Akhsan, Ishak, Akhmetayan, Akhmetsafa. Records were kept and passed down from generation to generation.
In those days there was a lot of land. Whoever wanted, plowed as much as they wanted - therefore, individual areas - tracts were named after those who owned these lands, for example: the village of Davletkulovo - named Davletkul. People in the 16th century lived like Kazakhs, Kyrgyz - in glades and ravines. Later, the land was divided according to souls - shower allotments. There was a three-field crop rotation: winter rye, spring and fallow. The shower plot was 0.40 hectares; such plots were given in five places.
The poll tax was 9 rubles (it was necessary to sell bread - 90 poods). They took bread to Kazan for 10 kopecks per pood. In order to pay the tax, it was necessary to travel to Kazan 12 times. This was too much for many. The police officer came and beat the defaulters with rods. People fled into the forest and lived there for weeks until the bailiff and his punishers left. A squad of punitive forces stole cattle from peasants. Some people's lands were taken away and given to wealthier people.
In the 19th century, there were no literate people in the village of Kamyshla. The records were kept by the clerk Fartdin. At the beginning of the 20th century, village residents dug cellars and discovered old graves in the area “Kylych-tau” (Sobleva Mountain). The graves were surrounded by a stone fence. The same graves were discovered on the mountain, opposite the workshops of the artisanal artel. But over time, everything was destroyed and the lands were plowed up.
The life of working peasants before the revolution.
Industry was not developed in the Kamyshlinsky district. The area was inhabited exclusively by peasants. The life of the peasants was difficult. The poor and middle peasants were suffocating from landlessness. More than 15% were farm laborers (this is from total number peasant households), horseless up to 35% and over 40% without equipment.
The lands of the region belonged to landowners: in the west, the villages of Staroye and Novoye Ermakovo belonged to the Dubensky boyar - landowner Shuvalov. From the west of Kamyshla and the north of the village. Old Ermakovo - to the Polyaevsky boyar-landowner Arsenyev, who was the Buguruslan district zemstvo chief. The peasants called him “Fool - boyar”. Nearby were the lands and forests of the landowner Rychkov. From the east of the region were the lands of the Danube boyar. In the village The landowner Malostov lived in Neklyudovo, and the landowner Durasova lived in the village of Durasovo. Peasant families worked for hire from these named landowners. In villages and villages, the land was for communal use; the land was divided unfairly according to per capita allotments for 12 and 25 years. The land was under the control of kulaks, merchants, and clergy, who traded this land, sold it, and rented it out for the season to landless peasants. For example: in the village of Kamyshla, the land (the territory of the Yana-Turmysh collective farm) belonged to the mullahs (“Mulla-bolons”), other plots belonged to individuals (the fields of Sharip-mulla, Yusup-mulla, the fields of the herder Osip, etc.). Over 40% of the peasants went with their families to work for the landowners (Rychkov, Shuvadov, Arsenyev, Salov, Derzhavin, Pilogin, etc.) for the whole summer. IN summer time the entire road from the village of Kamyshla to the city of Buguruslan was crowded with peasants traveling and walking with their families, who were going to hire themselves out to work for the landowners and kulaks for the entire harvest period until the fall. In the village of Staroye Ermakovo, the Kutluzaman region of the village was empty all summer. This edge of the village was inhabited by poor people. Rural kulaks who seized communal lands enriched themselves and exploited farm laborers and the poor. It came down to violence against workers. If a kulak needed a place to build a house in the center of the village, the poor man was evicted by force to the edge of the village. So for example in the village. In Kamyshla, the rich man Takhautdinov Kamaldin needed a place to build a house on a large central street, the poor man Shamsutdin was evicted to the edge of the village, and he built there and lived until the dispossession of 1930. This was the case in other villages.
In 1905-1906 and in 1912 there were peasant movements demanding the redistribution of land. There were peasant protests both in the village of Kamyshla and in the village of Staroe Ermakovo, and in the village of Staroe Ermakovo in 1912 they achieved the limit of land. In the village of Kamyshla in 1913, a large peasant meeting was convened in anticipation of the arrival of the district zemstvo chief, who was supposed to read the tsar’s manifesto. The peasants demanded the redistribution of the land, but the landowners did not want to divide the land. The village head kulak Mansurov Shaikhudin (Gilyaz - Shaikhutdin) supported the kulaks (all documents for recording and dividing the land of the village were with him). An angry crowd of peasants began to beat the kulaks, including the headman, Mansurov Shaikhutdin. At this time the district zemstvo chief arrived. Having read the king's decree, he left. No matter how much the peasants made noise, they still didn’t receive the land, so they dispersed. The indignation of the poor peasants intensified. In the spring of 1914, at a meeting of residents of the village. The Kamyshl also made a fuss, demanding redistribution of the land, but they were again refused. The landowner Gatiyat declared at the gathering: “When hair grows on the palm of your hand, then you will have land.”
The first began in 1914 World War. In July, general mobilization was announced. More than 500 people went to war from Kamyshli. These mobilized soldiers rebelled. They gathered and began to demand from the headman a gathering of village residents. Headman Mansurov Shaikhutdin refused. The angry crowd began to beat the headman and other landowners, and Gatiyat was dragged along the street and killed. A police officer arrived with two guards from the village of St. Pines, but they too were surrounded and beaten. They rebelled for two days. At the call of the volost authorities, a police officer and a police detachment left the city of Buguruslan to pacify the rioters. The rebels themselves went to Buguruslan. A police detachment met near the village of Sultangulovo. The delegation from the rebels reported to the district police officer that there was no riot and the detachment turned back. During this period, there were also large pogroms in the cities of Buguruslan and Bugulma.
The peasants lived very poorly. They wore homemade dresses, bast shoes, and only the rich had leather shoes. They wore bast shoes both in winter and summer, all year round. The rich wore coats and woolen suits. There was a lot of everything in the stores, but the poor did not have the money to buy it. We also ate very poorly. Very little wheat was sown. They ate rye bread, rye flour noodles, spelt, buckwheat, and millet. The potatoes were not peeled, even for soup. Instead of tea, they brewed oregano.
The land was cultivated with a wooden plow, and the harrow was also made of wood. Iron harrows and harrows, seeders appeared only in 1890, and later, at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, leather and steam threshers, reapers, reapers appeared, but these machines could only be purchased by the rich. A peasant who had a couple of horses and harnessed the plow himself was considered an owner living independently.
Culture, public education and healthcare
The people of the Kamyshlinsky region were very backward, uncultured and illiterate. In the villages of the region there was no club, library, or reading room. There were parish primary schools at mosques and churches that provided religious education. There were 16 mosques and 5 churches in the area, 6 educational institutions, 20 teachers, 400 students in the area. Schools began at the end of October and continued until April.
IN given time(1960s) there are more than 37 schools in the area. Of these, 3 are secondary, 13 are seven-year-old, in which more than a thousand children study, more than 100 teachers with higher and secondary education.
In the Kamyshlinsky district until the beginning of the 20th century there was not a single medical center. People were dying from diseases such as trachoma, scabies, fever, tuberculosis, etc. Some residents of the district turned to neighboring villages in other districts where there were district hospitals (the village of Boriskino, Sok-Karmalinsky district, the village of Starye Sosny, now Klyavlinsky district). The rich turned to the district hospital in the city of Buguruslan, and the poor population - to rural healers, mullahs, monks and other rogues who treated with prayers.
At this time (1960s) in the Kamyshlinsky district there are 3 hospitals and 20 medical facilities. points. The district hospital was built from brick in 1930-1931.
The workers' struggle for revolution, participation in the civil war for the establishment of Soviet power.
Establishment Soviet power in Kamyshlinsky district.
As mentioned above, the peasantry fought for land. Discontent was especially active in 1905-1906, 1912-1913 and 1914.
The First World War turned the people into a revolutionary spirit. In the summer of 1917, soldiers arriving from the front on leave brought to the village revolutionary ideas Bolsheviks. After the overthrow of the tsar, the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries seized power. But the ideas of the Bolsheviks about ending the war, about peace, about land were supported in the Kamyshlinsky region. In the fall of 1917, some soldiers began to come home without permission.
The poor peasants began to destroy the estates of landowners and arbitrarily seize land and forests. At the beginning of 1918, all the landowners were defeated, their estates were liquidated, and the landowners themselves left. The property of the landowners was stolen.
On November 8, 1917, Soviet power was established in the city of Samara (Provincial center), and in mid-November 1917 - in the village of Kamyshl and other villages of the region. When Soviet power was established, demonstrations were organized in the villages. Participants in the demonstrations also included merchants and rural kulaks who took part in the seizure of property of landowners. Eyewitnesses of the demonstration said that in the village of Kamyshla, trader Gilyazev Sabir was carrying a red flag in a column. He was replaced by a poor peasant who arrived from the front, the soldier Munirov Gata. In the village of Staroye Ermakovo, the red flag was also carried by the fist of Siraz or Sira-Khoja. From the crowd, someone asked him ironically, “Isn’t it hard to carry the flag,” to which he replied that the flag is carried by angels. Such people were random fellow travelers, they were carried along by their wave of revolution. These people understood the revolution in their own way. But when Soviet power was established, the rich began to be heavily taxed, and they became ardent enemies of Soviet power. They participated in conspiracies and helped the White Guards.
Demonstrations in the villages were organized by Bolsheviks - communists and non-party activists supporting the Bolsheviks, farm laborers, teachers, people from poor peasants and the clergy. In the village of Staroye Ermakovo, the demonstration was led by teacher Sadreev Kakdus, brother of the famous Bolshevik writer Khalik Sadri. The demonstrators were led by poor people who arrived at the front Shafikov Garif, teacher Gilmutdinov Fartdin, Khusnutdinov Fartdin and others. The first chairman of the village council. Old Ermakovo was elected by Khusnutdinov Fartdin, who worked in 1918 -1919. The secretary of the village council was Ikhsanov Insav until the end of 1918, and then Gatiyatulla Akhmadullin worked from the end of 1918 until 1934.
In the village of Kamyshla, the demonstration was led by a representative of the Ukom district, Kutlakhmetov Mirgasim, who arrived from the city of Buguruslan, and he announced at the rally the establishment of Soviet power. He himself is a teacher by profession, the son of the Alkin mullah. The first meeting took place in the house of Zaripov Fatkhutdin. They simply called him “ftkyt”. He was a wealthy peasant.
Mamin Shafik, nicknamed “Prince Shafik,” was elected the first chairman of the Kamyshlinsky Village Council. The secretary of the village council was Khaliullin Musagit, and he was assisted by the teacher Khasanov Abdulla, who also arrived from the front. The teacher had the rank of senior non-commissioned officer. In 1918-1920 The chairman of the village council was the protege of the kulaks, the subkulak Kamaltdinov - aka Valiakhmetov Yary, nicknamed “Yansyz Yary”. And the secretary was a former clerk, also a sub-kulak, Takhautdinov Fatkhutdin. In those days, the kulaks were still strong and carried out anti-Soviet agitation among the population together with merchants and the clergy, organized rebellions, seized power, or installed their representatives - subkulak members - in government bodies. The Social Revolutionaries also campaigned and misled people. And more literate people fought for the power of the Soviets.
In June 1918, when the civil war began. The White Guards and White Czechs occupied the city of Samara/now Kuibyshev/, the city of Buguruslan, the city of Bugulma and the Kamyshlinsky district. Soviet power was overthrown. The Red Guard troops fought back the attacks of the superior forces of the White Czechs and White Guards and retreated to the west. There was a strong battle for the village of Nikitkino. In the village of Balykla, the kulaks attacked a small detachment of 40 Red Guards who had stopped to rest. But the Red Guards opened fire and dispersed the crowd of attackers. At the same time, 4 people were shot. Heavy fighting took place at Dymka station. The White Czechs advanced from the city of Bugulma, displacing the Red Guards, who, under the pressure of superior enemy forces, retreated to the west, towards the city of Simbirsk / Ulyanovsk /. I (Saniakhmetov) then lived at the station. Klyavlino and worked for the rich Kolesnikovs. I personally observed what was happening, since the entire army was concentrated on the railway line of the armored train. I distributed a pack of leaflets that the Red Guards gave from the armored train. The leaflets read “All power to the Soviets” in large print.
In the territories of the region occupied by the White Guards and White Czechs, Soviet power was liquidated. White terror began. Captured communists, Red Guards and non-party supporters of Soviet power were shot, beaten and executed.
In the village of Bakaevo in the Northern District of the Orenburg Province, kulaks detained the Bolshevik Red Guard Ikhsanov Khabibulla, who, while retreating from Buguruslan, stopped at his parents’ home. They beat him half to death, drove him along the street, harnessing him like a horse to a cart, then threw him into the basement. A peasant from the village of Kamyshla, Gimergaliev Mukhametgarey, nicknamed “dydyk,” worked in the field with his family. One White Guard drove up to them and asked something. Having received no answer, the White Guard shot Mukhametgarey Gimergaliev and left.
In October 1918, Red Army troops pushed the White Guards east and the Kamyshlinsky district was occupied by the Bolsheviks. The Latvian regiment arrived in the village. Staroe Ermakovo, then in the village. Kamyshla, pursuing the retreating whites. Soviet power was established in the area for the second time and residents immediately began to implement the directives of the Soviet government. But with Kolchak's rapid advance in March 1919, the Red Army troops retreated again.
When the villages of the region were occupied by the White Guards of Admiral Kolchak, robbery and execution of communists and supporters of Soviet power began again. The old tsarist regime was established. Kolchak's white army included Bashkir troops /Ufa regiments 13 and 14/ under the command of Zakiya Validi.
In the village of Staroe Ermakovo, the kulaks Garif-Khoja and his son Latyp betrayed the Bolsheviks Vagapov Batyrgaliya and Gataulin Khabibulla. In March 1919, White Cossacks arrived in the village. The fists showed where Gataullin was (at the Garifkhodzhia threshing floor). The whites stripped him and shot him. Vagapov Batyrgaliya was arrested and taken barefoot in the snow to the village of Sedyakovo, where the White headquarters was located. Afterwards he was executed along with other detained Bolsheviks. There, in the village of Staroye Ermakovo, the chairman of the village council, Khusnudinov Fartdin, was flogged with ramrods for untimely delivery of food. In the village of Kamyshla, the whites arrested two teachers, Safin Kashfi and Sarimov Nursakhi, and wanted to shoot them, but the carpenter Nuria stood up for them, saying that the teachers were not Bolsheviks, but simply sometimes read newspapers to the residents. In 1919, these teachers taught young people on universal education. The people of the village defended them.
The Whites occupied the village of Kamyshla and imposed taxes on the population, taking away all the property from the peasants. In the village of Novoe Usmanovo, Yusupov Gata and Yusupov Arslan were also arrested because their relatives Zagit Yusupov (was the commander of a Red Army company of the Chapaev Division) and Yusupov Khalik Sadri (was a military commissar in Samara) were on the side of the Bolsheviks. Yusupov Arslan was driven barefoot to the village of Boriskino in the Northern district of the Orenburg province, where the headquarters of the White Guards was located. But the population of the village of Novoye Usmanovo stood up for him and reported that the Yusupovs were not supporters of Soviet power and asked for their release. The Whites agreed, but demanded that residents build a bridge across the Sok River. So the residents defended the Yusupovs.
In the village of Stepnye Vyselki they also wanted to shoot Matveenko’s teacher, Philip, on the denunciation of the kulak Dem. He was already being taken out to be shot, but the village priest stood up for him.
In May 1919, the Red Army launched an offensive against Kolchak and the Whites began to retreat to the east. There were fierce battles in the village. Tatarsky Batugan, p. Russian Baitugan, p. Balykla, s. Old Semyonkino, village. Nikitkino, Dymka station, village. Old Usmanovo. This was a powerful swift blow by the Red Army against the White Kolchakites, under the leadership of Commander Frunze and Kuibyshev. Soviet power was established in the Kamyshlinsky district. In the summer of 1919, conscription into the ranks of the Red Army began and hundreds of residents went to the front from the region, who fought on different fronts (on the Eastern - against Kolchak, Petrograd, Turkestan fronts). Dozens of soldiers died from the village of Kamyshla and did not return, giving their lives for Soviet power.
/author of the translation Saniakhmnetov Khuziakhmet also took part in the battles of 1919. on the Petrograd Front against Yudenich, then was sent as a volunteer to the Polish Front, then fought in 1920 - 21. on the Turkestan front, in Bukhara, in Fergana and Southern Kyrgyzstan against the Basmachi and met the end of the civil war in 1922. on the Chinese border/
After the establishment of Soviet power in 1919, the system of war communism, surplus appropriation, was introduced. Everything was registered, material resources, enterprises. Residents of the villages of the region helped the front with food and clothing, fighting the ardent resistance of the kulaks and other counter-revolutionaries. But despite all the difficulties, the Soviet system strengthened and the enemies were defeated. Lenin's idea triumphed.
The emergence or creation of the first party and Komsomol organizations in the Kamyshlinsky district.
In the Kamyshlinsky district, the first party organizations and Komsomol cells arose at the end of 1919. In the village of Kamyshla at the end of August 1919, the first cell of the RCP/b/ was created. It was organized by teachers Garifov Gaziz, Vafin Talib, Yagudin Akhmetgali, Ivan Prokhorov, who joined the party in the summer while attending teacher courses in the county town of Buguruslan. Moreover, it was not made public; no one knew about the existence of this underground cell. She could not expand her activities, since they (members of the organization) had dispersed, leaving only Garifov Gaziz. Vafin and Yagudin left to teach in the village of Mansurkino, and Prokhorov moved to the village of Starye Sosny, the volost center. At the end of December 1919, a resident of the village of Kamyshla, a former farm laborer, Saniakhmetov Khuziakhmet (the author of this translation), returned to the village of Kamyshla from the Petrograd Front, after being wounded and suffering from typhus, for a short vacation until he recovered. After resting for a certain time and gaining strength, Saniakhmetov became involved in the political life of the village of Kamyshla. He began visiting the library in the village of Kamyshla, which was opened in 1918. The head of the library was Sadykov Gadiy, a Bolshevik, but he was non-partisan. We, several village residents, learned Russian from him. Then, noticing Saniakhmetov, Garifov Gaziz offered him and his younger brother Garipov Mazit to join the party. They readily agreed and joined the RCP/b/, creating an open party organization. In February 1920, in the volost center, in the village of Starye Sosny, where the village of Kamyshla was administratively subordinate, the kulaks rebelled. To suppress the rebellion, a detachment of mounted Red Army soldiers from Chop arrived from the city of Buguruslan. The rebellion was suppressed, the initiators were arrested. February 11, 1920 Saniakhmetov and Garipov joined the party and created a party organization in the village of Kamyshla. Garifov Gaziz became the chairman of the cell, and Saniakhmetov became the secretary. So, from February 1920, the first party organization officially began to exist in the village. Qamishle.
After the creation of the organization, not even a week passed before the Bugulma counter-revolutionary kulak Socialist Revolutionary uprising arose. Many villages of the Bugulminsky district, part of the Menzelinsky district of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, took part in this uprising. At that time these districts were still part of the Samara province. The Tatar ASSR had not yet been formed. The uprising was attended by kulaks, Socialist Revolutionaries, and clergy. The rebels executed communists, supporters of Soviet power, and teachers. Representatives of the rebels came to the village of Staroye Ermakovo to Akhun-Bagautdin, to the village of Kamyshla, the village of Novoye Usmanovo and other villages of the Klyavlinsky district. At this time, who was in the village. New Usmanovo, an agitator for the Bolshevik Party Mazitov, fled at night to the city of Buguruslan. When representatives of the rebels arrived in the village. Old Ermakovo to Akhun Khusnulla Bagautdinov, he said that he would not rouse the people to an adventure, would not shed blood, and refused to join the rebels. And in the village In Kamyshla, ambassadors of the rebel kulaks arrived at Abdrakhman Mulla and demanded that residents agitate against the communists. And he warned the members of the party organization about the impending danger and invited them to take refuge in the city of Buguruslan. That same night, the Garifov brothers Gaziz and Mazit left for the city of Buguruslan, and Saniakhmetov remained in Kamyshl. Already in the morning the fists began to pursue him. Podkulachnik - former royal elder Gainetdinov Khusnutdin began organizing the destruction of the communists. Saniakhmetov managed to hide in the bathhouse of his comrade Yaryev Shaikhulislam. His brother Nurlislam is still alive, he knows about this fact.
The Bugulma uprising was soon suppressed by detachments of Red Army soldiers - communards from the headquarters of the ChON. The detachments - the communards - were also led by natives of their village Kamyshla, Khalik Sadri, Mirza Davydov and others. Communists from the Kamyshly party organization - the Garifov brothers Gaziz and Mazit - also took part in the suppression of the uprising. After the liquidation of the uprising, the Garifovs returned home to the village of Kamyshla and began to work to strengthen Soviet power and implement surplus appropriation plans. At the beginning of April 1920, a subbotnik was held.
At the beginning of April 1920, the first party organization was created in the village. Old Ermakovo. One of the organizers was a member of the CPSU since 1919, Karimov Abugali, a former Red Guard. From 1920 - 1923 he worked as chairman of the Staro-Sosninsky Volispolkom. The Ermakov party organization consisted of Nasyrov Safuan, Gilmutdinov Fartdin, Munirov Igzaz and Yahya, and others. Later, party organizations arose in other villages of the region. The first Komsomol organizations were created in 1920. For example: in the village of Kamyshla it was organized in August 1920. The organizer was Khannanov Mirgasim, a former farm laborer who arrived from the Red Army. The first to join the Komsomol were Abdrakhmanov Yary Ganievich, Garipova Zakiya, Zaripova Kamal, Miftakhova Bibinur and others. In the same year, a Komsomol cell was organized in the village of Staroye Ermakovo. The organizer was Ziya Akhmetzyanovich Maisky. Valiev Gazali, Salakhov Abuzyar, Gazizyanov Gatat, Musin Khalil, Mingazov, Sagirov Makhmut and others joined. In other villages, Komsomol organizations arose later. The question may arise - why were these organizations the first to arise in the village. Kamyshla and Art. Ermakovo? The residents of these villages were more educated, because there were seven-year schools there. And also - the first communists like Khalik Sadri, Shagit Zalyaev, Mirza Davydov, Nailsky and others, who worked in leadership positions in the state apparatus of the Samara Provincial Committee (Sadri and Davydov), the Buguruslan Educational Party Committee (Zalyaev Shagit and Nailsky). In the village The population of New Usmanovo and the village of Bakaevo was under the influence of the ishans - Nurtdin Khazryat and Dula Khazryat. They were very religious. And then the clergy waged a great struggle against the communists.
In May 1920, Kh. Saniakhmetov left the Kamyshlin party organization and left for the army, as a volunteer for the Polish Front. And before that, he waged an active fight against desertion: he identified 84 people. Having learned about this, the deserters threatened Saniakhmetov. Afterwards, a detachment to combat desertion, led by Commissar Biktashev, arrived, deposed all the deserters and took them to the city of Buguruslan.
The first fighters for the revolution were people from the village of Kamyshla, the village of Staroye Ermakovo and other villages in the region:
Khalik Sadri - native of the village of Staroye Ermakovo, writer, member of the CPSU since March 1917. In 1912 - 1914 he worked as a driver at drilling oil exploration in the village. Kamyshla. He conducted revolutionary propaganda among the population. He wrote a book about this period, “Our Dawn.” From 1917 to 1921 he worked in the Samara Provincial Party Committee, then moved to Kazan. Died in 1955.
Timofeev - a native of the village of Staroye Semenkino, party member since 1917, military worker, wrote a book about pilots.
Davydov Mirza Murtazovich - native of the village of Kamyshla, son of Murtaza Maezin, party member since 1917. He worked in Buguruslan and Samara (now Kuibyshev). In the 1920s was the commissar of the Tatar volunteer battalion in Buguruslan. Before the Great Patriotic War worked in Moscow. During World War II he was a commissar with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Died in 1942 at the front.
Nailsky Mirza Yarullovich - native of the village of Kamyshla, worked in the city of Buguruslan in the CHEK - a special department.
Yusupov Zagit Arslanovich - native of the village of Novoye Usmanovo, a party member since 1917, was a company commander of the Chapaev division. In 1919, he took part in the battles during the liberation of the city of Buguruslan from the white army of Kolchak’s followers. During the offensive in the Bugulma direction, in the spring of 1919 he died heroically in battle. He was buried in the city of Buguruslan. The club was named after him.
Zalyaev Shagit - a native of the village of Staroye Ermakovo, member of the CPSU since 1919. Worked in Buguruslan from 1919 to 1921 as chairman of the Tatar-Bashkir section of the Buguruslan Ugorkom of the RCP (b). In the 30s he worked as director of the Komvuz in the city of Frunze. Graduated from the Moscow Institute of Red Professorships. IN last years Life worked in Kazan as head of the department of the Republican Party School. Candidate economic sciences. Died in April 1957.
Ikhanov Khabibulla - native of the village of Bakaevo, party member since 1918. Studied at the Kazan Komvuz. IN Lately worked in Kyrgyzstan as an instructor of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan. Died in Frunze.
Red Guards Vagapov Batyrgali, Gataullin Khabibulla, Karimov Abugali from the village of Staroye Ermakovo shot in the spring of 1919 by the White Guards.
EDUCATION OF THE KAMYSHLI DISTRICT.
The district as an administrative unit was formed in March 1927. Then it was called Baitugansky until 1940, and since 1940 - Kamyshlinsky district.
The district was formed from the villages of Kamyshla, Old and New Ermakovo, Bakaevo Steppe Vyselki, Neklyudovo, Stepanovka, etc. The district center was located in the village of Russky Baitugan. Since the spring of 1929, the village of Kamyshla became the regional center based on the decision of the 2nd Congress of Councils of Deputies and Workers of the region.
Residents of the area often suffered from crop failures. These difficult years repeated periodically - 1880, 1890, 1900, 1904, 1914-1917, 1918-1921. Many people died from hunger. The drought covered the entire Middle Volga region.
ORGANIZATION OF COLLECTIVE FARMS IN THE KAMYSHLI DISTRICT.
The first collective farms in the Kamyshlinsky district began to be created in November 1929. The collective farm in the village of Kamyshla was formed in December 1929. It consisted of 29 households. The first to join the collective farm were communists, Komsomol members, and poor farm laborers: Vafin Talib, Khannanov Mirgasim, Valiakhmetov Mullakhmet, Badretdinov Falyakh, Nugmanov Minakhmet, Zakirov Zaki, Bagautdinov Minazetdin, Abdrakhmanov Yary, Shaimardanov Gaziznur.
Minakhmet Nugumanov was elected the first chairman of the Yana-Turmysh collective farm, and Vafin Talib was elected his deputy. In January 1930, the rest of the village residents began to join the collective farm. During this period, 25 thousand people began to arrive in the region in order to control the collective farms. Twenty-five thousand people became the heads of collective farms. The chairman of the Kamyshlinsky collective farm "Yana-Turmysh" is Saratov, and his deputy is Yarullin Bayan.
In the village of Staroye Ermakovo, a collective farm named after BAUMAN was formed from December 21 to December 31, 1929. Uzbekov Ismagil was elected the first chairman. In January 1930, the 25,000-strong Akdzhigitov became the chairman of the collective farm. The first to join the collective farm were Kayumov Mingadi, Akhmetshin Nagim, Gazizov Minakhmet, Shaikhulin Gaifulla, Valiakhmetov Abugali, Akhmadulin, Valiev Agliulla, Fartdinov, Salimov Sarim, Salakhov, Mingazov Gali, Musin Khalil, Sharapov Abdulla, Salakhov Abuzyar, Valiev Gazali and many others.
Collective farms had to be created in an atmosphere of fierce struggle with the kulaks, who were campaigning against the organization of collective farms. In January 1930 At general meetings, collective farmers began to pass resolutions demanding that strict measures be taken against the kulaks, including eviction from the region.
In all villages, documents were prepared for the eviction of kulaks who opposed collective farm construction. In March-April 1930 hundreds of families of kulaks were evicted to the Arkhangelsk region.
It was difficult to work on collective farms without experience in running a collective farm. There were no trained personnel, no cars, tractors, etc.
In 1960, the district's collective farms had 130 tractors, 109 combines, 115 reapers, about 150 vehicles and many other equipment.
In the 1930s There were cases of assassination attempts on rural Bolsheviks. In the village of Kamyshla in May 1931, shots were fired at the window of the house of the secretary of the party cell, Valiakhmetov Mullakhmet. In the village of Novoye Usmanovo, a Komsomol member was killed who was leaving a meeting at night. In the village Bakaevo was operated by the Ganiya gang, who attacked government officials.
Before the Great Patriotic War, the chairmen of the Kamyshlin collective farm “Yana-Turmysh” were Shaikhutdinov Shaikhuslam, and then Zainullin Zaki. They both died at the front.
In the 1930s on the Yana-Turmysh collective farm, the secretary of the party cell was Galimov Harris, a native of the village of Staroye Ermakovo. He, together with high school teacher Sharapov Abdulla and Mingazov Gali, actively participated in grain procurements and collectivization.
In the 1960s the area began to develop. They built schools, clubs, libraries, cinemas. Collective farms became stronger, and most importantly, their own competent people of various specialties appeared. These are people from the villages of the Kamyshlinsky district - doctor Safina Khazyar Kashvievna, Abdrakhmanova-Karimova Khazyar, Shakirov Sauban, Sharafutdinov, aviation lieutenant general Hero Soviet Union Zakharov, Aviation Colonel Timofeev, Lieutenant Colonel Sagirov, Lieutenant Colonel Saniakhmetov R. and others.
The notes were kept in the Tatar language by Safin Latfulla, a resident of the village of Kamyshla, an employee of the Yana-Turmysh collective farm.
The historical essay was translated from Tatar by Khuziakhmet Saniakhmetov, a native and resident of the village of Kamyshla, a pensioner, a retired captain, a participant in the civil war, a farm laborer before the revolution, one of the first communists of the village of Kamyshla, a member of the CPSU.
December 1960, Kamyshla village - signature - Saniakhmetov -
Also from the Household Book of the Kamyshlinsky Village Council for 1922-1939. we learned that most of the houses built in the 20s in Qamishl had a cubic capacity of 8x5x2m. The whole family lived in one room, and if newlyweds appeared in it, a corner was separated for them with a screen. Sometimes there was a barn and a residential building under the same roof.
So we think target our work achieved, as all the tasks were completed:
1) read books about the history of the village of Kamyshla;
2) talked with old-timers, wrote down and analyzed what they knew about the history of the village and its inhabitants; worked with materials from the archive;
3) created a stand in the museum about the history of the village of Kamyshla;
4) made a report at a school conference.
We received great pleasure from this work. We saw the grateful faces of the people we interviewed. They were happy because they understood that not only they would know the history of their native village, but also their children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Our participation in search and research work, meetings with interesting people, acquaintance with historical facts helped us learn the history and problems of our native land from the inside, and understand how much effort our ancestors invested in the economy and culture of the region. This fosters respect for the memory of past generations of fellow countrymen, a careful attitude towards cultural and natural heritage, without which it is impossible to cultivate patriotism and love for one’s Fatherland.
Social significance of the project: based on this research work The village administration erected a stele with the name of the village of Kamyshla and the date of its formation at the entrance to the settlement.
In perspective:
1) Until the end of this school year we intend to collect Additional materials about the history of his native village, about the families of former residents.
2) Publish a brochure about the history of the village of Kamyshla.
The local history material we collected will be used in lessons.
References:
1.Yu. M. Tarasov "Russian colonization of the Southern Urals." Kuibyshev 1989
2. Historical sketch. Translation from Tatar by Khuziakhmet Saniakhmetov, native and resident of the village of Kamyshla, 1960.
3. Collection of scientific works "Culture of the Bronze Age of Eastern Europe", Kuibyshev 1983.
4. Household book of the Kamyshlinsky village council for 1922-1939.
6. Kh. Khalikov “The origin of the Tatars of the Volga region and the Urals” Kazan 1967.
7. List of populated places according to information from 1859 (Samara province), St. Petersburg, 1884.
8. “Native Land” Kuibyshev 1966
Village Qamishla located on the Sok River - one of the tributaries of the Volga northeast of Samara. The Ural highway runs 6 kilometers from its outskirts.
Story
The village was founded in the second half of the 16th century. Initially, there were 6 courtyards built by people from Starye Sosyny. Subsequently, 12 more households built by the Bashkirs grew. 60 years later, Tatars arrived in the village - settlers from city of Bavly.
The origin of the name of the village is related to natural features these places. At the time of development of the territory, its surroundings were covered with swamps with reeds, where swans, geese, and cranes nested. The population of the village was multinational. Tatars, Bashkirs, and Russians settled here. Each nationality lived in its own community.
There were poor and wealthy peasants among the population. At that time it was necessary to perform military service. Military service was 25 years. According to the established rule, five households had to provide one recruit. If the lot fell on rich family, she hired a poor peasant who became a soldier.
There is a legend that in 1774 Pugachev’s army occupied the territory of the village. When the rebel detachments were just approaching the outskirts of the village, the local peasants went into the forest. The army, having arrived in the village and seeing the houses empty, left its borders.
The first mosque was built in 1584, but it later burned down. A new one was built only in 1863, which is still in operation. As the village grew rapidly, there was a shortage of land. For this reason, settlements form. This is how Buzbash, Yulduz and Davletkulovo appeared.
At the beginning of the 20th century, archaeological excavations were carried out in the village of Kamyshla. During the work, ancient burials were discovered, surrounded by stone fences. Similar burial grounds were found on mountainous hills opposite the artisanal artel.
In the summer of 1891, a meteorite weighing 1.5 kilograms was discovered within the village and its environs. The find was given the name "Kamyshla".
There are three mosques on the territory of the modern village. There are industrial enterprises - an asphalt concrete plant, a dairy plant. From educational institutions There is a school, a college, and a correctional boarding school.
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