Albania map in Russian. Where is albania and its capital in southern europe

Albania was isolated for a long time outside world, cities and resorts of Albania, fortunately, are already open to travelers and are rapidly gaining popularity. On the world map, this picturesque Balkan country is comfortably located next to Greece and Montenegro, washed by the blue waters of the Ionian and Adriatic seas.

More and more tourists are beginning to show interest and discover this region. Anyone who is looking for picturesque natural corners and interesting historical sights should visit Albania. But above all, the country offers guests healing thermal springs and wonderful beaches.

The best thermal spas

Thanks to the Mediterranean climate, clean air and the presence of thermal springs, favorable conditions have been created for the treatment and healing of the body. The medical resorts of Albania are suitable for those who suffer from diseases of the skin, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular and nervous systems. The springs of thermal waters are saturated with hydrogen sulfide and other useful elements.

There are many medical resorts in the country. Among all stand out:

• Bilyay. Located near the town of Kruya. Sources contain potassium, iron, magnesium and other useful compounds. Used in the treatment of chronic ailments.
• Elbasan. The famous resort since Roman times, not far from the city of the same name. Due to the content of hydrogen sulfide in thermal waters, it is possible to treat women's diseases, alleviate problems with blood vessels, stomach, joints, and respiratory organs.
• Vronomero. A few kilometers from Leskovik. The concentration of salts and minerals helps with various ailments.
• Benya. Located near the city of Permet. This place has 6 springs surrounded by picturesque landscapes, open to free admission. Waters treat a variety of diseases.
• Peshkopiya. You can find it in the vicinity of the town of the same name. Its thermal waters are useful for skin diseases, respiratory problems, and diabetes.

beach resorts

In the summer, from May to September, the beach resorts of Albania are quite in demand. Russians are allowed to visit the country without a visa if they plan to stay for up to three months.

The best resorts are concentrated on the coast of the Ionian Sea, as well as the Adriatic. Among them:

• Saranda. Perhaps the most popular on the coast. The city has comfortable hotels and excellent infrastructure.
• Vlore. A well-known place on the coast, which delights with views of pristine nature. The infrastructure here is rapidly developing, there are pebble, rocky and sandy beaches.
• Durres. The second largest city after the capital of Albania, located on the Adriatic coast. It is easy to remember for its green parks, flower beds, sandy shores and clear water.
• Shengjin. No less interesting beach resort, washed by the waters of the Adriatic Sea. In the summer, life is in full swing. All conditions for rest with children are created. There are beautiful landscapes, landscaped sandy shores and many historical monuments.

Of course, the beach towns of Albania do not end there. The country can offer its guests other equally attractive places with pebble or sandy shores.

Cities for unforgettable holidays

In addition, impressive architectural ensembles have been collected in Albania, which is why there are so many interesting sightseeing destinations. For example, in Durres there is a large amphitheater of Roman times in the Balkans. In Shkodra, you can see the Rozafa fortress of the medieval period.

Very interesting is the ancient city of Berat with unique Ottoman architecture. The main local attraction, the "Berat Castle" of the 13th century, rises on a mountain range.

Another city-museum can be considered Gjirokastra, which is located in the south of the state, in the valley of the largest river in the country - the Drina. Gjirokastra was built in the XII century during the Byzantine rule. Its main attraction is the ancient fortress, and the city itself is included in the UNESCO heritage.

In almost every corner of Albania you can find historical treasures, but the cultural capital of the country can be considered Korca, which is famous for its museums, Orthodox churches and carpet weaving center.

Albania is a small South European state located in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. From the northwest, Albania is washed by the Adriatic Sea, and from the southwest - by the waters of the Ionian Sea. The official name of the country is the Republic of Albania. detailed map Albania demonstrates that despite the diverse relief of the Balkan side of the Adriatic, the country has at its disposal only three uninhabited islands, the largest of which - the island of Sazani - does not exceed 5 km 2 in area.

Albania on the world map: geography, nature and climate

Even for Europe, the size of the country is quite modest. Albania on the world map occupies only 28748 km 2. The total length of Albania's borders is 717 km, but it boasts four land neighbors. In the northwest, the country borders with Montenegro, in the southeast - with Greece and in the west - with Macedonia. Albania also has a segment of the border with Serbia in the northeast, but this territory of the Serbian state is in recent times part of the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo.

In addition, through the Strait of Otranto, the country borders on Italy. Length coastline state is 362 km.

The peculiarity of the borders of Albania is that they are completely artificial. During the creation of the country, the borders were determined without taking into account the terrain, which is especially clearly seen on the southern borders of the state.

Geographical position

Despite its small size, Albania can demonstrate a fairly diverse relief. About 70% of the country is represented by hilly and mountainous regions. Along the northern border are located mountains Prokletiye, which on the map of Albania in Russian can be called the Northern Albanian Alps. Their height reaches 2692 m, but the highest point of the country is located to the south, on the border with neighboring Macedonia. Height Korab mountains, which is part of the mountain range of the same name, is 2762 m above sea level.

Only the central and northwestern coastal regions of Albania lie on the fertile plains. The valleys of the country abound with rivers. The largest of them - Drin river. Its length is 148 km and, like almost all the rivers of the country, it originates in the eastern mountainous regions and flows into the Adriatic Sea. Also on the lands of Albania there are many lakes, but the largest of them are Prespa, Shkoder and Ohrid Lake- located on the borders of the country.

Animal and plant world

The mountainous regions of Albania are infertile and are represented, for the most part, by forests. Beech, chestnut, birch, pine and spruce meet here. The plains of the country are represented by standard Mediterranean evergreen shrub vegetation and extensive agricultural regions.

The fauna of Albania is concentrated in mountainous deserted areas. Bears, wolves, lynxes, martens, deer and wild boars live here. Migratory birds live on the coast in large numbers: pelicans, swallows, storks and herons. Coastal waters are rich in commercial fish, and trout is often found in mountain rivers.

Climate

The phenomenon of altitudinal zonation is clearly presented in the country. The lowland and coastal regions are characterized by a Mediterranean subtropical climate. Summer temperatures here reach 25-27°C, while winter temperatures fluctuate between 8-9°C. The mountainous regions are closer to the temperate continental climate and the temperature here is on average 5-7°C lower. Precipitation throughout the country is quite plentiful, but unevenly distributed. So, in the Northern Albanian Alps, this figure reaches 2500 mm per year. On the coast, the level of precipitation does not exceed 1300 mm, and in the eastern regions of Albania it drops to 750 mm.

Map of Albania with cities. Administrative division of the country

Albania is divided into 12 regions. In terms of area, they are quite comparable. The average population density of the country is about 100 per km2. A map of Albania with cities in Russian shows that the largest cities of the country are located on flat coastal lands. 50% of the population lives in the three western regions on the Adriatic coast.

Tirana

Tirana is the capital and largest city of Albania. It is located close to the geographical center of the country. Up to 30 percent of the population lives here. It is natural that Tirana is the economic, industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of Albania.

Durres

Durres, the second largest city of the state, is located 30 km west of the capital on the Adriatic coast. In addition to the country's largest port, the city has the largest number of architectural monuments in Albania.

Vlorë

In the southwestern part of the country, at the junction of two seas, the city of Vlora is located. It is a major tourist center and the country's second most important port. It is Vlore that is the base of the naval forces of Albania.

studying geographical map world, you can determine exactly where Albania is located in the European south. The Balkan Peninsula has always been of interest to conquerors. Which of the peoples did not pass through this region did not stay long. The Balkans in this area met with hard-to-reach rocks. Albania is an eagle country. These proud birds live in rocky places. There are so many rocks on Albanian territory that it seems as if they were taken down from all over the world and poured onto this land.

Democratic Republic

For almost 100 years, the Albanian people were under the yoke of Ottoman Empire. The country gained independence only in 1912.

Albania is a democratic parliamentary republic headed by a president. At the end of World War II, the state followed the communist path of development, but then relations with Soviet Union and many states have been interrupted. Prolonged international isolation had a negative impact on the country's economy. Albania is a poor agricultural country in Europe.

Albanian has two dialects:

• northerners are characterized by Gheg;
• Tosk is widespread in the south.

The Tosk dialect is spoken by most of the inhabitants, so it has become state language countries. Many Albanians speak Italian, Greek, some Slavic languages.

Most of the country's inhabitants profess Islam (the only state in Europe), and there are also representatives of the Greek Orthodox Church, Catholic and other few confessions.

Together with the state currency (lek), euros and US dollars circulate freely on the territory of the state.

Medical care for the population of the country is at a low level, there is always a shortage of basic medicines.

Maritime and land borders

The total area of ​​Albania is 28.7 km². Looking at the photo of the world map in Russian, it becomes clear what an insignificant territory this state occupies.

The Ionian and Adriatic seas wash the coast of Albania for more than 300 kilometers. The Adriatic Sea has a low coast with rare shallow bays; there are no natural harbors in the country. On the coast of this sea, if you look at the European map, there are two large Albanian ports: Durres and Vlora.

You can reach the Strait of Otranto. This strait has small mountain ranges, the coast is indented with small bays.

The northern borders of Albania on the map of Europe are in contact with Kosovo and Montenegro. In the east - with. The southeast of the country borders on Greece.

Land borders, according to Wikipedia about Albania, were determined artificially (1912-1913). In London, the ambassadors of the great powers marked the country's borders on a map. Its territory in the First world war occupied by troops

• Greece;
• Italy;
• Serbia;
• France.

After the end of the war in the early twenties, the victorious countries did not change the borders of Albania.

The frontiers were determined by the department settlements Albanians from other nations:

• Greeks;
• Serbs;
• Montenegrins.

At the same time, they tried not to violate the interests of different parties. The lakeside region in the west of Macedonia was divided between 3 countries (Greece, Yugoslavia, Albania), each of them received part of the lowlands.

Minerals

Ore is being mined in Albania:

• iron;
• copper;
• nickel;
• chrome.

Coal is mined in the area of ​​the capital, near the city of Vlora there is a bitumen deposit, the northeast is rich in phosphates.

Landscape and water resources

Looking at Albania on the world map, it can be determined that most of the country is covered with mountains, the rest of the territory is plains. On the border area with Macedonia is the Korabi mountain range, whose height reaches more than 2700 meters - the highest point in the country. Among the mountains there are hollows where large Albanian cities have grown - Berat, Korca, Peshkopia.

A fertile plain runs along the coast of the Adriatic Sea for almost 200 km. More than half of the country's population is concentrated here. The plain near the coast is covered with swamps, in some places they were drained (between Durres and Vlora). These lands are now occupied by agricultural land.

Almost all Albanian rivers flow into the Adriatic Sea. The most major river Drin. There are several large lakes and reservoirs on the territory of the country.

There are no fertile soils in the mountains. Almost 40% of the Albanian territory is occupied by forests, part of the area is covered with shrubs, there are many meadows.

The mountain ranges of the country are distributed into several belts.:

1. The lower belt (altitude up to 600 m) is the brown soil of the subtropics, evergreen shrub vegetation (maquis, laurel, myrtle) predominates.
2. The middle zone (altitude up to 2000 m) is mountainous, brown soil, deciduous forests grow (beech, oak, chestnut).
3. At an altitude of more than 2000 m there is a belt of alpine grass meadows.

Climate and wildlife

The western coastal plains are exposed to the warm masses of the washed seas, summers are long and hot, winters are wet and not cold. In mountainous areas, temperatures are lower, snow lies for a long time. The north has colder winters with heavy snowfalls.

Most wild animals and reptiles are concentrated in sparsely populated mountainous areas where there is sufficient water resources. Warm climate coast is favorable for migratory birds. Mountain lakes and rivers are rich in rare species of fish.

State capital

On the territory of the country, the first area inhabited by people was in the region of Tirana. The mention of it as a small village dates back to the 15th century. Crossing trade routes contributed rapid development Tyrants. In the 17th century, the city was famous for its bazaar, where merchants traded:

• jewelry;
• spices;
• silk fabrics;
• ceramic products.

In February 1920, Tirana was proclaimed the capital of Albania. government settled in the city. From 1939 to September 1943 - occupation by Italy. In September 1943, German troops entered Tirana. The city was the center of the liberation struggle of the people of Albania. In November 1944, Tirana was liberated from Nazi troops by the National Liberation Army. January 1946 was marked by the proclamation of the People's Republic of Albania.

The population of the capital of the state, according to unofficial data, is about 1 million people.

Most of The country's industry is concentrated in Tirana. Industrial enterprises operate in the city:

• metalworking;
• shoe;
• food;
• glass-ceramic;
• tobacco;
• textile.

The entire industry of the capital is located in the western and southwestern regions. Not far from Tirana, in 1951, with the help of the USSR, the first hydroelectric power station was built. From the mountain river Selita, through tunnels, water enters the turbines, and then through the water pipeline - to the city blocks.

In the old districts of Tirana there are crooked and narrow streets with houses in the depths of courtyards. The building in which the Parliament sits was built in 1924 as an officers' club. Construction of administrative and cultural center fell on the 20-30s of the last century:

• Skanderbeg square;
• university;
• Efem Bey Mosque;
• Opera theatre;
• bank.

After the reconstruction plan adopted in the fifties, new residential areas were built in Tirana. Russian architect G.L. Lavrov designed the New Albania film studio.

Albanian cuisine and some traditions

Due to the convenient geographical location, historical features, mild climate Albanian cuisine is famous for its richness and diversity. The main place on the table of the Albanians is occupied by fish dishes and seafood. Big influence The ancient Greeks and Romans influenced the gastronomic tastes of the inhabitants of the country.

The natives of Albania have an interesting habit - when they affirm something, they shake their heads (most Europeans understand this gesture as denial). And vice versa, nodding your head, say "no." Residents of large cities rarely do this, and in the provinces such behavior is common. Travelers and residents of the Albanian hinterland sometimes do not understand each other.

The capital of Albania is the city of Tirana 585,000

Area - 28,748 sq km

Population - 3 619 778 people

Official language- Albanian

Currency - lek

Telephone code - 355

Internet domain - .al

Time - Moscow -2 hours

(Republic of Albania)

General information

Geographical position. Albania is a republic in southeastern Europe, located in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. In the north and northwest it borders with Serbia and Montenegro, in the east with the Republic of Macedonia, in the southeast and south with Greece. The western border is washed by the Adriatic Sea, and the southwestern by the Ionian.

Square. The territory of Albania occupies 28,748 sq. km.

Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital of Albania is Tirana. Largest cities: Tirana (244 thousand people), Durres (85 thousand people), Elbasan (83 thousand people) and Shkoder (82 thousand people). Administratively, Albania is divided into 26 retis (districts) and the metropolitan area.

Political system

Albania is a republic. The head of state is the president.

The head of government is the prime minister. Legislative power is vested in the unicameral People's Assembly.

Relief. The central part of the coast is occupied by a plain; the rest of the territory is mountains: the Northern Albanian Alps, the Tomori and Korabi ranges (up to 2,764 m).

Geological structure and minerals. On the territory of Albania there are deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, nickel.

Climate. The climate of Albania is subtropical Mediterranean. Average temperatures in January are 8-9°С, in July +24-25°С. Precipitation is 800-2000 mm per year.

Inland waters. The rivers Drin, Mati, Vyosa flow through the territory of Albania. The country is rich in lakes, the largest of which are Shkoder (Skadarskoe), Ohridskoe, Prespa.

Soils and vegetation. More than a third of the territory of Albania is covered with forests and shrubs, about a quarter - mountain meadows.

Animal world. The fauna of Albania is poor. Wolves, jackals, wild boars are found in sparsely populated areas of the country, and there are many waterfowl in coastal areas.

Population and language

The population is about 3.33 million people. Ethnic composition: Albanians (Ghegs in the north and Tosks in the south) - 95%, Greeks - about 3%, Serbs, Bulgarians, Gypsies - 2%. Languages: Tosk dialect of Albanian, Greek.

Religion

Muslims - 70%, Orthodox (Greek Orthodox Church) - 20%, Catholics -10%.

Brief historical sketch

The oldest population of Albania were the Pelasgians (Neolithic), then the Illyrians (from the 2nd millennium BC). Albania was part of the Roman provinces of Dalmatia and Macedonia. During the division of the Roman Empire at the turn of the IV-V centuries. Albania joined Byzantine Empire. By the end of the VI century. refers to the beginning of the settlement of Albania by Slavic tribes.

In the XVI - the first half of the XIX century. Albania was part of the Ottoman Empire. In the second half of the XIX century. the struggle for national independence begins, the first popular educators appear (N. Vekilharzhdi, I. De Rada, and others).

In 1912, independence was proclaimed in Vlora and a provisional government of Albania was formed. Albania, a backward agrarian country, was notable for its non-independent foreign policy.

In 1939 fascist Italy occupies Albania. In November 1944 Albania was liberated by the National Liberation Army.

In 1946, the Albanian People's Republic was proclaimed; taken the course of building socialism.

Since 1960, Albania has been moving along the path of political isolation.

In the 1990s, the democratization of the political regime began.

In February-March 1997, popular unrest took place in Albania. President S. Berisha failed to bring the situation under control. In view of the threat of complete chaos and mass emigration to European countries (primarily to Italy), the European Community decided to introduce the armed forces of NATO member countries into Albania.

Brief economic essay

Albania is an agro-industrial country. Extraction of chromites, iron-nickel, copper ore, brown coal, oil, natural bitumen. Oil refining industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, metalworking, mechanical engineering, chemical, textile, food industry, woodworking and paper industry enterprises. The basis of agriculture is crop production. They grow wheat, corn, rice, sunflower, sugar beets, tobacco, and cotton. Subtropical fruit growing, viticulture. Mountain pasture animal husbandry.

Monetary unit-lek.

A Brief Outline of Culture

Art and architecture. From ancient era the remains of defensive structures, public and residential buildings, mosaics, ceramics have been preserved on the site of Greek colonies (Apollonia Illyria, Butrint, Durres) and Roman fortified cities (Elbasan).

With the spread of Islam, palaces of the nobility (sheds) and mosques (in Elbasan, Shkodra, Tirana, etc.) appeared in the cities.

The painting of medieval Albania developed under the strong influence of Byzantium. Early monuments of fresco painting date back to the 12th-14th centuries. (murals of the Church of the Holy Trinity in Lyavdari).

Until the beginning of the 20th century. iconography plays a leading role. During the period of the so-called national revival, in connection with the weakening of the influence of Islam, which imposed a ban on the depiction of living beings, easel painting first appeared, and in the 1920s, sculpture.

The arts and crafts of Albania is represented by traditional silver jewelry and woolen lint-free carpets.

Literature. The first surviving monument of Albanian writing is the "Formula of Baptism" (1462) by Bishop Pal Engeli. In 1555, the first book in Albanian was published - "Meshari" by Gjon Buzuku. Among the Albanian writers of the XIX century. I. De Rada (1814-1903), the founder of Albanian romanticism, stood out.