|
Artie Flag |
Artie's coat of arms |
| The country | Russia |
| Subject of the federation | Sverdlovsk region |
| Municipal district | Artinsky urban district |
| Coordinates | Coordinates: 56 ° 25'02 ″ s. sh. 58 ° 32'13 ″ in. d. / 56.417222 ° N sh. 58.536944 ° E d. (G) (O) (I) 56 ° 25′02 ″ s. sh. 58 ° 32'13 ″ in. d. / 56.417222 ° N sh. 58.536944 ° E d. (G) (O) (I) |
| Telephone code | +7 34391 |
| Founded | 1783 |
| OKATO code | 46 241 562 |
| Timezone | UTC + 6 |
| Population | ▼ 13 408 people (2010) |
| Postcode | 623340 |
| Car code | 66, 96 |
| PGT with | 1929 |
Arti is an urban-type settlement in the Artinsky district of the Sverdlovsk region of Russia. It is the administrative center of the Artinsky urban district.
The village is located on the Artya River (a tributary of the Ufa), 178 km south-west of Yekaterinburg.
Population 13.4 thousand inhabitants (2009).
Famous people
Story
The history of the settlement begins in 1753, when Count Stroganov built a mill on the Arte River. After some time, the Tula merchant Luginin became the owner of the mill. Having decided that instead of a mill it would be more profitable to build an iron-making, hammer enterprise, he began construction of the plant. Raw materials for production had to come from their own iron foundries Satka, Zlatoust and Kusinsky factories. In 1778 Luginin died, but his grandchildren continued his work.
The construction of the plant began in 1783. And then there was a settlement at the factory. Then a dam was erected on the banks of the Artya River. The plant grew, and the plant settlement grew. In 1839, a stone single-altar Vvedensky temple was built.
By the end of the 18th century, there were 100 manor houses, 234 huts and more than a thousand people in Artyah. A wooden hospital was built in 1786.
In the 19th century, the enterprise was acquired by the breeder Knauf, and after his death the Artinsky plant became the property of the state. By the third quarter of the 19th century, the village had grown significantly. A hospital, pharmacy, school and shops were built. At the same time, trade fairs were regularly held in Artyah. Hundreds of carts from Kazan, Irbit, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Kungur, Krasnoufimsk gathered at the factory square, and the population of the village increased almost fivefold.
The status of an urban-type settlement - since 1929.
In 1931, the Vvedensky temple was closed, demolished, and the place was built up. Two wooden chapels built at the end of the 19th century on the territory of the village were also demolished.
And to this day, more than two centuries later, the same hammer iron-making plant, which has now become a mechanical one, is a city-forming enterprise.
The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays provide the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the sun, meteorologists calculate the index of ultraviolet radiation, which characterizes the degree of its danger.
What UV radiation from the Sun is
Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.
-
UV-A. Long-wavelength radiation range
315-400 nmThe rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric "barriers" and reach the Earth.
-
UV-B. Medium wavelength range
280-315 nmThe rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
-
UV-C. Shortwave range
100-280 nmThe most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone before reaching the Earth.
The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effects of the Sun. However, these saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone is in the spring, and the minimum is in the fall. Cloudiness is one of the most variable characteristics of weather. Content carbon dioxide also changes all the time.
At what values of the UV index is there a danger
The UV Index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun at the Earth's surface. UV Index values range from safe 0 to extreme 11+.
- 0 - 2 Low
- 3 - 5 Moderate
- 6 - 7 High
- 8 - 10 Very high
- 11+ Extreme
At mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values (6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9 ... 11+ points throughout the year.
Why the sun is useful
In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is essential. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.
Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.
The hormone of happiness serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.
Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and has antirachitic functions.
Why the sun is dangerous
Taking sun baths, it is important to understand that the line between beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.
The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive effect. It lowers immunity, damages the retina of the eyes, causes aging of the skin, and can lead to cancer.
Ultraviolet light destroys the DNA chain
How the sun affects people
Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on skin type. People of the European race are most sensitive to the Sun - for them protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.
At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.
Who is most affected by the Sun
People with light
skin tone
People with many moles
Mid-latitude residents on holiday in the south
Winter lovers
fishing
Alpine skiers and climbers
People with a family history of skin cancer
In what weather is the sun more dangerous
It is a common misconception that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather. You can get burnt even in cool cloudy weather.
Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which is not the case with traditional beach destinations. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.
How to protect yourself from the sun
To protect yourself from destructive rays, follow these simple rules:
Stay less in the Sun at midday hours
Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats
Use protective creams
Wear sunglasses
You are more in the shade on the beach
Which sunscreen to choose
Sunscreen differs in the degree of protection from the sun and is marked from 2 to 50+. The numbers represent the share solar radiation which overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.
For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) of the UV rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50 - only 1/50, or 2%, affect the skin.
Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. At the same time, it is important to understand that no cream is capable of reflecting 100% of ultraviolet radiation.
For everyday use, when the time spent under the sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For sunbathing on the beach, it is better to take 30 or more. However, for light-skinned people it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.
How to apply sunscreen
The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe long enough, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.
Specify the required amount for application in the instructions of the cream.
How to apply sunscreen when swimming
Sunscreen should be applied every time you bathe. Water washes away the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when bathing, the risk of sunburn increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.
Excessive sweating and towel drying is also a reason to re-protect your skin.
It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide adequate protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of UV rays, increasing their effect on the skin.
How to protect your eyes
Sunlight bouncing off water, snow, or sand can cause painful retinal burns. Use UV-filtered sunglasses to protect your eyes.
Danger for skiers and climbers
In the mountains, the atmospheric "filter" is thinner. For every 100 meters of altitude, the UV index increases by 5%.
Snow reflects up to 85% of UV rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.
Thus, the Sun is most dangerous in the mountains. Protecting your face, lower chin and ears is essential even in cloudy weather.
How to deal with sunburn if you are burned
Sponge your body with a damp sponge to dampen the burn
Apply an anti-burn cream to the burned areas.
If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic
If the burn is severe (the skin is very swollen and blistering), seek medical attention
The history of the Arti village, like most of the cities and settlements of the Urals, is, first of all, the history of the plant. It was at the small Artinsky plant that two unique production facilities for the country were united: the production of braids and needles for sewing machines.
The history of the village
The birthday of the village, which is usually celebrated here on August 3, is a very conditional date. For example, he could celebrate now not 230 years, but 250 - in the event that the birth of the village is considered the year of construction of the first flour mill - property Count Alexander Stroganov on the Artya river... Well, in 1783, the construction of a plant for forging cast iron began here.
The start of construction of the plant was delayed for more than ten years. In 1770, the mill near Stroganov bought out the Tula merchant Larion Luginin... He was interested not so much in the mill on the bank of an unknown river flowing into Ufa how much opportunity "To raise one blast furnace and five hammers operated by water on the Artya river"... That is, he acquired a potential plant.
Two years later, this plant really began to be built, but broke out Pugachev revolt, who brought to naught all Lugin's plans - he died, completely ruined. His grandson Nikolay, a lieutenant of the Life Guards and a fair amount of booze, nevertheless became sufficiently interested in the inheritance to complete the construction of the plant. This happened in 1783, which is celebrated today as the year of the founding of the village.
However, the plant operating on imported ore was unprofitable, and then already captain Luginin, like his grandfather, declared himself bankrupt. The plant was transferred to the state treasury, after which the Moscow merchant Knauf decided to rent it. He invested in production (after all, he was promised to leave the plant "for eternal possession") and in 1809 he began to produce braids, and on a grand scale. And then the state, "having come to its senses", took away from Knauf factory back.
The well-established production, of course, has been preserved and over the years has reached such perfection that these braids were celebrated at numerous exhibitions, including London(1851) and Paris(1867). In Soviet times Artinsky plant remained the only enterprise in the country producing braids. And in 1941 he was evacuated here Podolsk Needle Factory, which also remained the only one in the whole country.
Both of these productions in Artie exist to this day, and has become not only a symbol of this village, but also glorified it as the only one in Russia that takes place in Artie since 2011.
Settlement Artie located on the banks of the Artya River, just south of its confluence with the Ufa River.
The first settlements on the territory of the Artinsky region, which have survived to the present time, appeared about 4 centuries ago. The oldest of them are the village of Manchazh ( 1652 year), Azigulovo and Bakiykovo ( 1655 ). First, the Bashkirs settled in our lands, then the Tatars, Mari, Russians came. The ancient villages that arose then were part of the Krasnoufimsky district of the Perm province.
The appearance of the first inhabitants on the site of the modern village of Arti dates back to the second quarter of the 18th century. V 1745 Aponasul (Afonaskovo) Mari village appeared here. The Mari from the Vyatka province moved to these parts. In the document defining the living conditions - " letter of note", drawn up between the owners of the land - the Bashkirs and newcomers, dated 1745, it was reported:" We, the Bashkirs, conceded our patrimonial land to the Cheremis, and to be their yards, land, forests and hay mows, to own an on-board land, to catch animals and fish ... 20 years, they, Bashkirs, do not enter those lands, but only take a rent of 10 rubles in year".
Soon after the Mari, Russian settlers from the Kazan and Perm provinces came to this territory.
In the 18th century, by order of Tsar Peter I, ironworks began to appear in the Urals to supply Russia with metal and weapons. With such a favorable environment for the development of the metallurgical industry, Baron Sergei Grigorievich Stroganov in 1753 year for a song bought land for the construction of the plant. These places were chosen for a reason: water for the drive of water wheels and all other technological drives, the abundance of forests in the Arti River basin both for construction needs and for making charcoal for blast furnaces and forges are the main factors that determined the choice of the site.
V 1783 year, the village of Artie appeared. In 1787 the Artinsky plant was founded, which soon began to produce the first products. Our factory was and remains the only enterprise in the country that produced agricultural braids, sickles, and, since the middle of the 20th century, sewing needles. Artie is the birthplace of the Russian braid. The outstanding scientist Pavel Petrovich Anosov worked on improving the technology of its production in the 19th century, who also discovered the secret of damask steel.
In addition, the plant produces shovels, pitchforks, other gardening tools, ladders, consumer goods, auto parts and other products. As in past centuries, he produces a lot of goods abroad, participates in various industrial exhibitions and often receives diplomas and titles.
The development of the Artinsky plant took place throughout the 19th century. WITH 1811 year he became state. With meager wages and difficult working conditions for workers (as noted in " Development of capitalism in Russia Lenin), the plant, nevertheless, made the small village of Arti a large settlement, and later became a city-forming enterprise that formed the modern Artinsky district. Soviet time.
Volosts, counties and provinces were abolished in Soviet times. V 1923 year into the Kungurskiy Okrug Ural region the Artinsky region entered. On December 19, 1923, a district party conference was held in the village of Arti, at which a district party committee was elected. The next day, the first congress of district Soviets elected a district executive committee. T.S. Leushkanov became the first secretary of the RK VKP (b), the chairman of the executive committee was Alexei Ivanovich Bebnev.
In 1929 working village Artie received the status urban-type settlement.
The territory of Artinsky district then occupied an area of 946 square kilometers, which is almost three times less than the modern one. 31,560 people lived in 75 settlements. Over the years since then, changes have occurred twice more.
In 1962, the districts were enlarged. The territories of Artinsky, Manchazhsky, Sazhinsky and other districts were assigned to Krasnoufimsky. Two years later - in 1964 year - Artinsky district was restored. It also included the Manchazh and Sazhinsky districts that were before 1962.
Now the area of the district is 277.7 thousand hectares, 31.2 thousand people live in 58 settlements. Artinsky district unites 17 rural and one settlement administration.
The settlements occupy 19.053 thousand hectares. territory of the district, 175 thousand hectares. - agricultural land, 78 thousand hectares. - forests. The center of the Artinsky urban district is the village of Arti. As before, the Artinsky region is multinational. Russians, Tatars, Mari and representatives of other nationalities live on its territory.
The Artinsky region is agricultural. There are 16 agricultural enterprises of various forms of ownership in the region with an area of agricultural land of 134.980 thousand hectares, of which 111.196 thousand hectares are arable land. In addition to large agricultural enterprises, the successors of state farms, 30 peasant farms are working well.
Like a hundred and two hundred years ago, the Artinsky Zavod OJSC is the town-forming enterprise of the Arti settlement. As before, the products of the plant are known in many countries.
The housing and communal services of the Artinsky urban district are represented by the enterprises of the Artinskaya Teplotekhnika municipal unitary enterprise, the ZhKKH-Arti municipal unitary enterprise, as well as the municipal unitary enterprises of the Sazhinskoe and Manchazhskoe housing and communal services.
Since the formation of the district, the district consumer society has been actively developing on the territory, which to this day remains the strongest trade organization, uniting 92 retail outlets, of which 89 are stores. Back in 1914, there were 29 merchants in the Artinsky district, including 3 merchants. But trade was practiced much more broadly, it was not limited to the activities of the merchants. Each rural municipality center hosted at least two fairs a year. Over time, it became necessary to cooperate efforts to promote goods to customers. Cooperation has appeared. Artinskoe RAIPO remains faithful to cooperative principles, providing villagers with essential goods, processing vegetables and berries, and harvesting surplus agricultural products. The consumer cooperation is also engaged in charitable activities, providing assistance to schools, hospitals and other institutions of the social sphere. Currently, the competition of the RAIPO network is made up of shops of private entrepreneurs, where the range of goods, types of services and their quality are respected by buyers and visitors.
From 1917 to the present, the forms of forest management have changed more than 20 times. Now the forestry of the Artinsky region is represented by the Artinsky branch of the state unitary enterprise of the Sverdlovsk region "Forestry production association"; Artinskoe, Sazhinskoe and Potashkinskoe forestry of the state institution of the Sverdlovsk region "Krasnoufim forestry", occupying 112586 hectares. On the territory of the forestry there are natural monuments - the Sabarsky area of dark coniferous forests and broadleaf forests, areas of mountain feather-grass steppes, Potashkinskaya oak forest.
Back in the 18th century, the medical college was considered the highest governing body. medical affairs in Russia. In 1812, the surgeon Baron Sigismund von Tiesenhausen worked in the hospital of the Artinsky plant. In those days, the district doctor was charged with serving 89 settlements, there was no emergency room, so the majority of the population had to do without medical care. Currently, on the territory of the Artinsky urban district, there is a municipal institution "Artinsky central regional hospital" (with departments: polyclinic, obstetric and gynecological, infectious, neurological, therapeutic, surgical, dentistry and orthopedics, children's and women's consultations) in the village of Arti, and in rural areas - 31 feldsher obstetric points, 9 general medical practices have been opened.
In June 1918, the Artinsky volost revolutionary committee created the Council public education, the head of which was approved by a member of the RCP (b) Yevgeny Pavlovich Shutov. Fulfilling the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of December 26, 1919 "On the elimination of illiteracy of the population", under the executive committees, emergency troikas were created to eliminate illiteracy. In the fall of 1920, 8 literacy schools were opened, and in large villages - 21 literacy centers, where 899 people studied. Now there are 21 in Artinsky district educational institution, 21 Kindergarten, night school. Additional education children of our region can get in the children's art school, professional - in the Artinsk vocational school. In addition, in their free time, schoolchildren are engaged in circles and sections of the Center for Children's Creativity, a children's youth sports school, and the "Start" sports complex. 15 children's, teenage and youth clubs have been opened on the territory of the district.
Before October revolution in the Artinsky region there was not a single cultural institution, except for the volost library in the village of Arti. From October 1, 1919, gradually, mainly on the initiative of the Komsomol members, people's houses and clubs, reading rooms began to open. Cultural and educational institutions tried to bring culture to the masses of working people and exert a beneficial influence on their mood. The same task is still facing the workers of 27 houses of culture and rural clubs, 27 public libraries. Outside the Sverdlovsk region, the collectives "Cholga Shudyr" ( Bright Star), "Mura Pamash" (Song Spring), "Udyr Siy" (Maiden Trouble), Azigulov folk theater. In the village of Manchazh there is a sports and fitness center, one of two in the countryside in the region.
The Artinsky district is distinguished by a high concentration of strong, courageous, worthy citizens of Russia. During the Great Patriotic War seven soldiers from our small region became Heroes of the Soviet Union.
In the year of the collapse of the country, the Decree of the President of the RSFSR was issued " On some issues of the activities of executive authorities in the RSFSR". In accordance with it, from December 6, 1991, by the decree of the Head of the Artinsky District Administration" On the termination of the powers of the Executive Committee of the Artinsky District Council of People's Deputies"The powers of the executive committee of the Artinsky district council as an executive and administrative body have been terminated. The head of the administration of the Artinsky district has become the legal successor of the executive committee.
August 7, 1995 By the decision of the referendum " On the results of voting at a local referendum"a municipal entity has been created Artinsky district.
WITH 01.01.2006 years according to Federal law No. 131-ФЗ dated 06.10.2003 " About general principles local government organizations in Russian Federation ", regional law No. 88-OZ of 12.10.2004" About setting boundaries municipality Artinsky district and endowing it with the status of an urban district"educated Artinsky urban district.
At one time, there was such a version: the name, they say, is Mari, because a Mari village once stood here. And as if in Mari arty is a "pit". After all, they stand in the pit Artie, between three mountains. But the big pit is “chukur” in Mari, the small pit is “varnish”. The assumption disappeared. This was explained by a Mari writer Ilya Vasiliev... There are no other words similar to the word "arti" in the Mari language.
Probably, one should look for the origins of the word in the Turkic languages, because the local places after the Voguls were mastered by the Tatars and Bashkirs. The main river of the district is Artya. On old maps, it was written - "Arta"... Built in late XVIII centuries on this river the small factory got its name from her name: Artinsky ironworks.
In everyday life it was said in a shorter way: Artinsky plant. Or like this: Artie's Factory. At one time it even existed: Artinsk. And then one short "Artie" stuck. In the last century, industrial settlements were called not a village or a settlement, but a “factory”. Remember Bazhov: "There lived one old man in our factory, nicknamed Kokovanya"...
And our Arti until quite recently, in the pre-war years, being a regional center, were still called a factory. Moreover, the Great Soviet Encyclopedia confirms the official use of the word "plant" in the meaning settlement... It is written about the birthplace of the famous Russian metallurgist Nikolai Alexandrovich Iossa: "1845. Artinsky zd Perm lips. "
This means that we will continue, as from a stove, to dance from the river Artie. Arta ... Artya ... This is the main river of the region, “of our own”. The big river Ufa, apparently, flowed towards us only to receive the waters of Artie.
Artie's total length is over 50 kilometers. It originates from a boggy spring south of the village of Berezovka. There are beautiful tributaries. In the upper course, from forest and mountainous places, the right tributaries flow into the Artya: Pegashka, Alabushka and Arema. Favorite fishing spots for kids. At the confluence of the rivers there are villages and villages: Potashka, Verkhnie Arti and Artya-Shigiri.
At the bottom they flow into Artya Sennaya, Shaksha and Chekmash. The latter is already within the boundaries of the Arti village. There by the river natural feature... Its right bank is a mountainous forest area. The left bank is a forest-steppe with numerous treeless ridges. There are now fields and fields, sometimes hundreds of hectares. In some places, in the vicinity of Bardym and Sazhino, feather grass is already spreading along the slopes, and in the wide Yuguz tract in July noon, such a sultry steppe wind smells at you ... This is part of the vast Krasnoufimsko-Kungur forest-steppe, a strip stretching north from Chelyabinsk and Bashkiria.
The Artya River, flowing along the border of the taiga and forest-steppe zones, fully experiences the peculiarities of its geographic location... In the spring, snows are the first to melt in the forest-steppe. Numerous logs are opened - and Artya is overflowing, seething. Then the snows begin to melt in the taiga, and even steeper ravines again feed it with rough water. It happens that in the summer, forest soils begin to give up soil moisture - and Artya suddenly rises again.
This is how she has always been for people: violent, capricious. There is a word in the Turkic language "Artau", which means wayward, rebellious.
Probably, the river got this name. Then the Russians who came here softened the pronunciation, and Arta began to be called Artya. 
So: Artya, Arti, Artinsky district. A few words about stress. In the sixties, a request came to the editorial office of a regional newspaper from Moscow: to provide the exact name of the regional center and to note how the derivatives from it are pronounced, as the local population calls themselves. A consolidated work, a reference book was being prepared.
Answered: "Artie" traditionally pronounced with the stress on the last syllable. But the word "Artinskiy" - on the contrary, with the accent on the first. Artinsky district, Artinsky girls. And the inhabitants are Artins, less commonly - Artins.
However, the newcomers, as well as the regional radio and television, not recognizing the national pronunciation, persistently call the area Artinsky, which hurts the ears of all native Artins. By the way, it is pertinent to recall that the Great Russian words "artachitsya", "artachistaya" (as applied to a horse) are considered to be derived from the Turkic "artau".
So, in ancient times, in the spring or in rainy weather, the usually calm and shallow Artya suddenly caused a lot of trouble, the water flooded the shores and roared violently. Bridges were built across it, and they were filled with mill carpenters. And then they erected two real dams for ironworks. And since then Artya has become meek, all her steep disposition has gone into work useful to people.
The old way administrative division Artinskaya volost and her neighbors, Potashkinskaya and Novozlatoustovskaya volosts, were part of the Krasnoufimsky district of the Perm province. In its southern part, the county bordered on the Ufa province.
The Soviet era has made changes. At first, Artie was modestly called a village. Then the workers' settlement. Nowadays, a somewhat complicated designation of the urban-type unit is accepted. - settlement... That is, Artie got into the category of villages that left the village and did not come to the city.
In 1923 when zoning Arti received the status of a regional center. When the districts were consolidated in 1962, the adjacent territories of the Sazhinsky and Manchazhsky districts became part of Artinsky. And the former regional centers of Manchazh and Sazhino themselves were subordinated to Artey.
There are some comparative figures. In 1870 v Artinsky plant there were 5,000 inhabitants. This is slightly less than in the neighboring Mikhailovsky plant, but much more than in the county Krasnoufimsk. This speaks to the importance of the plant in the economic structure of that time.
Currently in Artyah lives about 15 thousand residents, in an area of about 38 thousand.
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