Attention. This list contains descriptions and images of human experimentation that may cause trauma to some readers.
Experiments on humans have been practiced since time immemorial. Usually, prisoners, prisoners of war, slaves, and entire families became the objects of experiments, but history knows many cases when researchers did not want to risk other people's lives and experimented on themselves. Here is a list of the ten most inhumane and unethical experiments performed on humans.
10 Stanford Prison Experiment
The experiment at Stansford Prison was intended to investigate the psychological reaction of a person when captured, as well as the behavioral factors of prisoners and guards in prisons. The experiment was conducted in 1971 by a group of researchers led by psychologist Philip Zimbardo at Stanford University (California). The roles of guards and prisoners were played by volunteers from the undergraduate university, who were placed in a mock prison located in the basement of the psychology building.Prisoners and guards quickly adapted to their roles and the experiment immediately spiraled out of control. Dangerous psychological situations arose one after another. A third of the "guards" showed sadistic tendencies, many of the "prisoners" were emotionally traumatized, and two were forced to interrupt participation at an early stage due to their injuries. Influenced by an alarmed public, the two-week experiment was terminated after six days.
9. The Monster Study
An experiment on 22 orphans with normal speech and stuttering in Davenport, Iowa, 1939. Professor Wendell Johnson of the University of Iowa and five of his graduate students divided the children into two control groups. The first group (who stuttered) were told and praised that they had good fluency, and the children from the second group with normal conversational speech were constantly reprimanded for every mistake. No one from the first group got rid of stuttering, while many of the second group of children with good speech, but receiving "negative therapy", received severe psychological trauma, the consequences of which in the form of isolation persisted throughout their lives. The University of Iowa publicly apologized for the study in 2001. 
8. Project 4.1
Project 4.1 is the name of a medical study of Marshall Islanders exposed to radioactive fallout from the hydrogen bomb test on Bikini Atoll on March 1, 1954. The thermonuclear explosion of Castle Bravo exceeded the calculated power by two and a half times, as a result of which the islanders, whom they did not bother to warn, received a huge dose of radiation. The first decade of observation of women of childbearing age did not reveal any special deviations. The consequences were too ambiguous and it is statistically difficult to correlate them with exposure to radiation: in the first five years, miscarriages and stillbirths were observed 2 times more, but in the next five years the number returned to its original state. Difficulties in development and growth disorders in children were noted, but a clear picture was not given. However, in the following decades, the consequences were catastrophic. A third of the children developed thyroid cancer (the result of exposure to radioactive iodine). A US Department of Energy report states that there was a medical program to investigate the effects of radiation exposure, and Marshall Islanders were used as "guinea pigs." Officially, 1865 people were recognized as victims of the tests, of which 840 died.
Experiments with the use of LSD were carried out on people of very different social status - from the CIA employees themselves, doctors, other government agents to prostitutes, criminals, the mentally ill and other sociopaths. LSD and other drugs were typically administered without the subject's knowledge and therefore consent, in direct violation of the Nuremberg Principles (such as Crimes Against Humanity) that the US agreed to abide by.
The illegal methods of research within the framework of Project MKULTRA sometimes outweighed the very fact of drug use (LSD in the USA, by the way, was banned until October 6, 1966). For example, during Operation Midnight Climax, the CIA created several brothels in order to have at its disposal men who would not dare to later tell what happened to them. The men were injected with LSD, and the brothels themselves were equipped with one-way mirrors through which video footage was filmed for later study.
In 1973, CIA Director Richard Helms ordered the destruction of all data on MKULTRA, making further investigation impossible.
6. Project "Disgust". The Aversion Project.
Experiments on lesbians and homosexuals carried out in the South African army during apartheid (mostly in the 70s and 80s). Identified representatives of sexual minorities were subjected to chemical castration, electric current therapy and other unethical medical experiments. The exact number of victims is not known, but former army surgeons lean towards a figure of 900 people forced to go through "sexual reassignment". The operations were carried out between 1971 and 1989 in military hospitals as part of a top-secret program to eradicate homosexuality from the army. Army psychiatrists, relying on officers, forcibly sent suspected homosexuals to a military psychiatric unit near Pretoria. Those who could not be "cured" with the help of drugs, shock and hormonal therapy, and other radical methods were chemically castrated or committed to sex change surgery. Most of the victims were between the ages of 16 and 24, the average age for conscripts in the South African army.
Dr. Aubrey Levin (project lead) is currently a professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Calgary School of Medicine, in private practice and well regarded by North American physicians and surgeons.
However, former female prisoners tell how an experiment was conducted in one of the prisons on 50 women who were forced to eat poisoned cabbage leaves in the presence of already dying people. All 50 women died in agony, as the refusal was tantamount to repression against relatives.
Kwon Hyuk, the former prison chief of security at Camp 22, describes laboratories equipped with poison gas equipment. 3 or 4 people, usually a whole family, were placed in a cramped chamber into which gas was supplied. Kwon Hyuk claims to have watched a family of two parents, a son and daughter, die of suffocation. Parents tried in vain to save their children by breathing their air into their mouths as long as they had the strength.
Finally, a drug with the required properties was developed and named C-2. According to the testimonies of witnesses, the victims of the experiments quickly lost strength and died quietly within fifteen minutes. The head of the toxicological department, Doctor of Medical Sciences G. M. Mairanovsky experimented on people with different physiological indicators and personally took part in the liquidation of persons objectionable to the regime.
Patients were not asked to give consent to the possible consequences, they were not informed about the diagnosis. Instead, they were simply told they had "bad blood" and the US government provided free medical care, food, and insurance in exchange for participation. In 1932, when the study began, the syphilis drugs were either highly toxic or of dubious effect. The initial goal was to track the progress of the disease through all stages, with some patients deliberately denied treatment, while others were given placebos in order to be able to observe the fatal consequences of the disease.
By the end of the study, when information was leaked to the press, only 74 out of 399 people survived. The rest died either from syphilis or from complications caused by it. 40 patients' wives were infected and 19 children were born with congenital syphilis.
Commander Shiro Ishii and his subordinates from Unit 731 practiced surgical experiments on humans, during which limbs were cut off from people (including pregnant women) and sewn to other parts of the body. In some prisoners, prisoners of war, or simply people abducted by whole families, their limbs were frozen and then warmed up in order to get gangrene. People were used as living targets for testing grenades and flamethrowers. They were injected with disease strains disguised as vaccines, including syphilis and gonorrhea. According to various sources, the number of victims is estimated from 3,000 to 10,000 people.
After the war, Shiro Ishii was arrested, but the US military gave him his freedom in exchange for research data. In the end, he never got punished.
Experiments on twins in concentration camps were carried out to study the similarities and differences in the genetics and eugenics of twins, as well as to make sure that artificial modification of the human body was possible. The experiments were led by Dr. Josef Mengele, who performed experiments on more than 1,500 pairs of twins, of which less than 200 survived. Atrocities ranged from injections into the eyes to change their color to literally stitching the twins into one.
In 1942, on the instructions of the Luftwaffe, hypothermia research was carried out. Prisoners were immersed in ice-cold water or kept naked in the cold. Critical moments of frostbite and ways to bring survivors out of hypothermia were studied.
Also in 1942-1943, a series of experiments took place to investigate the effectiveness of sulfonamide, a synthetic antimicrobial agent. The wounds of the experimental subjects were infected with bacteria (streptococci, gas gangrene, tetanus), their limbs were clamped in order to interrupt blood circulation, they were rubbed with sawdust and crushed glass in order to give a resemblance to combat wounds. The areas of the body thus infected were treated with sulfonamide and other drugs to determine their effectiveness.
The laws of the human psyche are still little studied. During psychological experiments, the results can baffle scientists, and sometimes they can shock.
Case of Kaczynski
The CIA's psychological experiment under the MKULTRA project investigated a way to manipulate a person and gave birth to the environmental terrorist Unabomber.
Once, during his studies, a successful student at Harvard, Theodore Kaczynski, was offered to take part in an experiment by psychologist Henry Murray. The experimental students were told that they would discuss and defend their personal philosophies with their classmates. However, they were deceived. When they arrived for the study, it turned out that they would not be arguing with each other, but with a law student who was specially trained to defeat and humiliate these guys in a verbal discussion, to anger and ridicule their ideas. Moreover, Murray's team deliberately chose emotionally unstable students in order to maximize the effect of stress. The experiment was supposed to prove the theory of "causality of human behavior", or rather, how third-party pressure affects a person.
The psychological experience broke the unstable Ted. He began to hate psychologists and science, which gives rise to such atrocities. While still at university, he wrote a whole treatise on the unacceptability of this world, with all its orders and technologies, and then bought himself a hut in the forest and became a hermit. But now tourists, cars, planes began to annoy him. And Theodore began to take revenge by mailing homemade bombs. He has more than 16 explosions to his credit. As a result, Kaczynski was betrayed by his own brother, and today Murray's former test subject is serving his four life sentences.
Hofling experiment
While the intelligence agencies were looking for a way to subjugate someone else's mind, psychiatrist Charles Hofling proved that it was enough just to ask the right thing. The main thing is that the object of the experiment itself does not know that it is being used. One fine day in 1966, he called several nurses from one of the city's hospitals. Posing as the attending physician, he asked the patients to administer 20 mg of Astroten, the permitted dose of which does not exceed 10 mg. It is surprising that such an experiment was given the green light, but even more terrible that 21 out of 22 nurses, without question, obeyed the first word of a doctor they did not know, which went against not only the rules of the hospital, but also against human life.
child and rat
Not only students and adults, but also children became victims of psychology. In 1913, John Brodes Watson, a doctor of psychology, announced the creation of a new direction - behaviorism, the core of which was human behavior. The scientist believed that everything can be explained by the influence of external stimuli and circumstances. To prove his point, he decided to deliberately evoke, through external stimuli, a psychological response where there had been none before. To do this, he chose an 11-month-old baby "Albert B.". He was a normally developed child, without any abnormalities.
First, the experimenters tested Albert's reactions by showing him a white rat, which caused him no fear at all. Watson's task was precisely to create it. Simultaneously with the child being allowed to play with a white rat, the experimenter hit the meter-long steel strip hard with a hammer so that the child could not see the hammer and the strip. The loud sound frightened Albert.
Of course, quite quickly the child began to be frightened of the rat itself - without a blow. Fear subsequently transferred to all similar objects - that is, soft and white - the child was terribly afraid of a rabbit, a dog, the researcher's hair.
The experiment ended there, the child was taken from the hospital, and Johns Hopkins had to leave the university because of an ethical scandal. Subsequently, he wrote: “Give me a dozen healthy, normally developed babies and my own special world in which I will raise them, and I guarantee that by choosing a child at random, I can make him at my own discretion a specialist of any profile - a doctor, a lawyer. , a merchant and even a beggar - regardless of his talents, inclinations, professional abilities and racial ancestry.
Jail game
To understand why the sadism of overseers and contempt for the social order of prisoners flourishes in an American prison, despite the improvement in conditions, scholar Philip Zimbargo decided to conduct his research. He placed ordinary students in prison conditions, dividing them into two groups - criminals and guards. The prison did its job, the group of "prison employees" turned into notorious sadists, and the prisoners into downtrodden people. Already after the experiment, which turned into a scandal and was prematurely suspended, the imaginary guards were sincerely surprised by their actions: “I never thought that I was capable of this,” one of the “guards” claimed, “but it was like work, you were given a form and a role and you must do it."
boy girl
On August 22, 1965, two twin brothers, Bruce and Brian, were born into the Canadian Reimer family. After some time, for medical purposes, the children were circumcised. The operation was unsuccessful, as a result of a mistake by the doctors, Bruce was deprived of his penis. The inconsolable parents were advised to implant the boy with an artificial phallus, but it was hinted that this would not save him from loneliness. The decision came unexpectedly. The Rayners were approached by Dr. John Money, who offered to make a girl out of Bruce, arguing from the height of his authority that the psychological sex does not have to correspond to the genetic one.
Of course, the fate of the boy was unimportant to the doctor, he needed to get proof that every child at an early age can change sex without consequences. Without hesitation, they made Brenda out of Bruce. Only you can’t argue against nature, the “young girl” fought with her peers, played football and despised dolls. When Brenda grew up and the problems became more serious, her parents confessed everything. The girl demanded to be made a man again and this time became David Reimer. He even got married. Subsequently, David Reimer did his best to make the case public in order to warn others by his example. But that was the end of his normal life. He was talked about on every corner. They pointed with a finger. At first, his wife could not stand it, leaving David, and after a while he himself could not stand it either.
In our time, there is an ethical code that limits the possibilities of the researcher, forces him to stay within the ethical framework. Before the Second World War, this code did not exist, so the researchers conducted various, sometimes terrible experiments on people.
Auschwitz and others
During World War II, the Nazis carried out monstrous experiments on prisoners. To do this, they selected about one and a half thousand pairs of twins, some of which were stitched together, trying to create Siamese twins. Others were injected with various substances into the eyes, trying to change their color. In other camps, prisoners were infected with various bacteria and infections, and drugs were tested on them, which did not always help. They tried to treat others with ice water - they forced them to sit in it for several hours.
Stanford Prison Experiment
In 1971, in the Stanford Prison Experiment, the psychology department headed by Philip Zimbardo studied social processes in groups. To do this, they created conditions that were as close as possible to prison conditions: they equipped cells in the basement of the university, divided the participants into guards and prisoners. The beginning of the experiment did not give cause for concern. The participants in the experiment perceived it as a game and only formally fulfilled the conditions. But after a few weeks, both groups of subjects became so accustomed to their roles that they began to behave inappropriately. The guards began to mock the prisoners, and the prisoners received real psychological trauma, taking the experience as real life. As a result, scientists had to stop the experiment ahead of schedule.
Cotton's experiments
Psychiatrist Henry Cotton believed that the cause of insanity was infection. In 1907, he became head of the Trenton Mental Hospital and began practicing what was known as "surgical bacteriology." He believed that the source of mental illness was in various organs and teeth, so he removed them from his patients. However, he was not limited to patients. He removed several teeth for himself, his wife and sons, and one of the children also removed a piece of the large intestine. As a result of his experiments, 49 people died. Cotton claimed that this was due to the fact that the patients were in the final stages of psychosis. After his death, these operations ceased to be carried out.
Mary Tudor experiment
Back in 1939, a graduate student at the University of Iowa set up an experiment on the orphans of the Davenport Orphanage. She wanted to find out how value judgments affect children's fluency. To do this, she divided healthy orphans into 2 groups. In both she taught classes, but she praised, encouraged and gave positive marks to the children from the first, and mocked and criticized the children from the second. As a result, she found that value judgments do affect the speech of children, but at the cost of terrible psychological trauma, from which many children never recovered. They developed speech disorders, methods of correction of which did not exist at that time. In 2001, the university publicly apologized for the experiment.
Vaccination
At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a biological laboratory in the Philippine Science Bureau. Its leader, Richard Strong, experimented with vaccines. While trying to find a cholera vaccine, he accidentally injected the inmates of a Manila prison with the bubonic plague virus. As a result, 13 people died. He was not heard from for several years, but then he returned to science and began experimenting again, trying to find a vaccine, now for the beriberi disease. Some of the people who turned out to be experimental died, the rest received several packs of cigarettes as a reward for their suffering.
Syphilis in Guatemala
In 1946, the US government allocated money to scientists for the study of syphilis. Scientists decided to take the simplest path and deliberately infected soldiers, prisoners and the mentally ill, paying prostitutes for it. Scientists tried to find out if penicillin would help an already infected person. As a result, 1,300 people were infected, of which 83 died. This experiment became known only in 2010. After that, US President Barack Obama personally apologized to the Guatemalans and their president.
Shock therapy
In the 1940s, psychiatrist Lauretta Bender investigated the child's cognitive abilities. She created a gestalt test named after her last name. But this seemed not enough to her, and she came up with the disease "childhood schizophrenia", which she tried to treat with shock therapy. But that wasn't enough for her. She injected children with LSD and psilocybin, a hallucinogenic drug, in adult dosages. Subsequently, she assured that she managed to cure almost all the children. And only a few of them relapsed.
Detachment 731
Members of the special detachment of the Japanese armed forces conducted experiments with chemical and biological weapons. In addition, military doctors experimented on people: they amputated their organs and limbs, swapped them, raped and infected them with various, including sexual, diseases, opened them without anesthesia in order to look at the consequences. In the end, no one was punished.
A doctor is a person who sooner or later everyone turns to for help. But there is no certainty that there will be no ulterior motives in his actions. After all, he can pursue some of his goals, which the patient does not even know about. Is there a line between immorality and service to humanity, can cruel experiments be justified by the desire to save the lives of millions in the future?
There are doctors who uncontrollably experiment on convicts or the mentally ill, which makes their actions both immoral and criminal.
John Charles Cutler, Senior Physician in the US Government Department of Health, was responsible for experimenting on syphilis patients in Guatemala. In 2005, it became known that prisoners, soldiers and patients with venereal diseases were deliberately involved in the experiment without their consent. Scientists then studied the effect of penicillin in the treatment of syphilis. As a result, more than 1,000 people were artificially infected and did not receive appropriate medical care. During the entire experiment, 83 people died, for which in 2010 the US government officially apologized to the country.
Aubrey Levin
Aubrey Levin
Under the leadership of Audrey Levine in the 1970s, the government's Aversion Project was carried out in South Africa with the goal of treating homosexuals from their non-traditional orientation with dubious methods. Several hundred men and women were selected from the soldiers who were diagnosed with homosexuality. Treatments included electric shock, chemical castration, and forced reorientation. All these experiments were performed on people without their consent. Those who underwent gender reassignment surgery returned to the military.
Marion Sims
Marion Sims
Marion Sims performed many procedures and experiments on women in the 19th century as he searched for ways to treat vesicovaginal fistula. Despite good intentions, he forced the slaves into operations without informing them of their real goals. The women have been operated on several times without pain medication. The collected data proved to be useful for medicine, but were condemned because they were carried out by force.
Wendell Johnson
Wendell Johnson
Wendell Johnson was responsible for conducting psychological experiments that were called "How to become a monster" because they were very cruel. With the help of an assistant, Mary Tudor, Wendell selected orphans from an orphanage in Ohio and subjected them to a series of experiments to support the theory that stuttering is acquired through learning. One part of the children was subjected to constant remarks and humiliation. They were told that they spoke incorrectly and badly. As a result of the experiment, the children acquired a number of mental and speech disorders for life.
Albert Kligman
Albert Kligman
Over several months from 1965 to 1966, Albert Kligman conducted a series of violent experiments on prisoners with the support of the US military and some pharmaceutical companies. 75 test subjects were injected with a dose of Agent Orange, a herbicide that was planned for military use, to study its effect on the human body. As a result of the experiment, people got chronic skin diseases and their manifestations such as cysts, pustules and large ulcers on the body.
Oliver Wenger was responsible for the theoretical background and practical goals of the Tuskegee syphilis experiments. For several years, African American men from poor and disadvantaged families were selected to participate in the experiments. They were artificially infected with syphilis. The patients were promised free treatment, which turned out to be life-threatening toxic methods for them. The other part of the patients were not told that they were infected with syphilis, so they continued to lead a normal life and infect others. As a result of the experiment, many patients died from complications of the disease and side effects of treatment.
The doctor, Herta Oberheuser, worked at the Ravensbrück concentration camp. She experimented with prisoners in the field of studying various interventions in the bone, muscle and nerve tissues of the human body. To this end, the doctor removed limbs and bones from prisoners and implanted foreign bodies. All experiments were aimed at studying the process of regeneration of various tissues of the human body. The results of the experiments were to be applied to the treatment of soldiers. All the prisoners were mutilated, and many died during operations without anesthesia and as a result of lethal injections.
Grigory Mairanovsky, a Russian biochemist and doctor, worked in the USSR to develop a super poison, tasteless and odorless, that enemies could not identify. He experimented on Gulag prisoners in secret laboratory No. 1. In addition to injections of poison, the experimental subjects were exposed to mustard gas, ricin, while no one asked their consent to the experiments. It is not known how many prisoners died as a result, but the scientist managed to create the deadly poison C-2.
During the Cold War, both the US and the USSR did a lot of research on radiation to see if it could kill. This was necessary to prevent the consequences of accidents at nuclear power plants. Scientist Yevgeny Zenger spent 10 years experimenting with the treatment of cancer with a large dose of radiation, selecting patients from among the defenseless. They led to insomnia, disorientation, anemia, and death.
During the Second World War, Sigmund Rascher, together with Ernst Holzlohner, conducted experiments on the effects of a rapidly changing load on the human body. The details of the horrific experiments became known at the Court of Physicians. Prisoners from the concentration camps were immersed in cold water for several hours, kept outside in the cold without clothes. After that, the frozen people were thrown into boiling water to defrost.
Crazy scientific experiments on people that give you goosebumps
Hello! As always, Alexander Shkudun is with you. Today is going to be a little creepy. Scary and intriguing at the same time. I will tell you some famous scary stories about secret research and experiments on humans. About scientific experiments that were carried out on living people to achieve certain goals.
The article will contain facts and videos. The article will talk about many terrible things that just chill the blood in your veins. When I was preparing this material, I myself was shocked by what information I unearthed.
No, of course, I knew that terrible experiments on living people were carried out in all ages and times, and I am almost one hundred percent sure that they are being carried out now (we just don’t talk about it).
That even in the days of ancient Egypt, Queen Cleopatra conducted experiments on employees. She ripped open the stomachs of her maids who were pregnant to see how the embryos developed. The Romans, by the way, acted in a similar way, wanting to understand the structure of man.
At the same time, I want to say that the most terrible and cruel experiments began to be carried out at the end of the 19th century, and by the middle of the 20th century (especially during the Second World War) they acquired simply monstrous proportions.
Everything, of course, was done for a reason, for fun. And to a greater extent in order to further develop science, technology and medicine, as well as to understand who or what a person really is.
Well?! Ready to lift the veil of secrecy over secret research and experiments on humans and learn about the most terrible experiments?! Then let's go!
1. Philadelphia experiment
On October 28, 1943, the US Navy conducted a secret experiment. The destroyer Elridge was suddenly enveloped in a glow and disappeared along with the crew on board.
After some time, the battleship appeared a few hundred kilometers from the original point in Philadelphia. Of the 181 passengers and crew, only 21 survived. At the same time, according to eyewitnesses, some members of the crew were simply fused into the metal. Still alive... able only to wince in pain and try to say something in desperation, stretching out their hands forward. The scene looked like a scene from a horror movie.
And a good half of the team just disappeared without a trace.
Some of the crew members claimed to have fallen through time and entered either the past or the future.
The customer of the experiment remained unknown. However, according to some scientists, the Philadelphia experiment was carried out by special services to test a number of recorded guesses and facts of Nikola Tesla about the possibility of teleportation.
In 1943, scientists from almost every country involved in the war were studying how to make their ships invisible to radars, mines and torpedoes.
It is clear that no official confirmation of the experiment was presented.
The US authorities, and even the sailors from the Eldridge, insist that the Philadelphia experiment is just a fiction and nothing more.
2. Hitler's secret experiments
Do not believe that Hitler conducted experiments on criminals and sick people. Just the opposite. In the concentration camps Dahao, Buchenwald, Auschwitz (Auschwitz), quite healthy individuals (men, women and children) were selected for experiments.
They tested the latest drugs, previously infecting people with deadly diseases. The Nazis subjected the prisoners to inhuman torture. They were tested by pressure, cold and fire in order to find effective means of combating burns, frostbite (the soldiers of the "Third Reich" could not stand the cold) and decompression sickness.
People were put in gas chambers and recorded how long they could hold out in such conditions. People were massively sterilized, their internal organs and organs of vision were cut out. Poisons were mixed into food and skulls were opened, wanting to understand how the brain functions.
Men, women, children - no matter who was the test material. No pity or compassion.
What's more, the Nazis performed many macabre experiments on twins. They even sewed people together, trying to understand their nature.
During the war years, tens of thousands of people became victims of medical experiments. Many of them were killed, others were left disabled.
At the Nuremberg trials, 23 doctors appeared before the court, seven of them were sentenced to death.
3. Carl Clauberg and his sterilization experiments
From March 1941 to January 1945, the German scientist Karl Klauberg tried to curry favor with the leadership of the "Third Reich" and find a way by which millions of people could be rendered infertile in the shortest possible time.
Clauberg fanatically set to work. He irradiated the prisoners with radiation, and also injected them with iodine and silver nitrate. And although both radiation exposure and injections caused a lot of side effects (for example, cancer), the goal was achieved. People became unable to reproduce offspring. True - and dead, after a while.
During the Nuremberg Tribunal, the chief of Adolf Hitler's personal staff, Rudolf Brandt, admitted: “There was an exceptional interest in developing a cheap and quick method of sterilization that could be used against the enemies of the Reich - Russians, Poles, Jews. The Germans assumed that in this way it would be possible not only to subjugate the enemy, but also to destroy him. Germany could use the labor force of sterilized persons deprived of the possibility of reproduction. Mass sterilization was an integral part of Himmler's racial theory. Therefore, experiments on sterilization were given especially a lot of time and effort.
4. Experiments of Dr. Shiro Ishi or Unit 731
In 1938, not far from the city of Harbin (China), the Japanese occupation army began the construction of a top-secret military facility - a scientific laboratory, where the so-called Detachment 731 entered.
It was a special task force, whose members, led by Dr. Shiro Ishi, were engaged in conducting terrible experiments on people. The detachment was divided into several departments, which consisted of dozens of research groups studying: plague, cholera, anthrax, typhoid and tuberculosis.
Several separate groups tested bacteriological and chemical weapons.
Detachment 731 also conducted tests on human endurance in various conditions. The victims were subjected to hunger, drying, thirst, exposure to ice and boiling water.
Under local anesthesia and without it, internal organs were removed from people, up to the brain.
Miraculously surviving test subjects were subjected to repeated experiments until death occurred.
Shiro Ishi played God. He deliberately provoked heart attacks and strokes, hypothermia and other cruel things. There was no pity in him. He called all his test subjects "logs".
It doesn't matter who these logs were, and what profession (scientists, journalists, students). They were assigned a three-digit number and they went into consumption.
Interestingly, even mice and guinea pigs were treated much better by Detachment 731 than people.
According to some reports, about ten thousand people died at the hands of "detachment 731". No one from the secret laboratory returned alive.
In 1945, Unit 731 was disbanded. And Ishi ordered the execution of all the "logs".
Shortly thereafter, Shiro was arrested, but managed to get away with a deal with General Douglas MacArthur in which, in exchange for immunity from the United States, he had to provide all the data he had on the viral weapon, obtained during experiments on living people.
5. Cancer in Puerto Rico
In 1931, Dr. Cornelius Rhodes received funding from the Rockefeller Institute to conduct a series of scientific experiments in Puerto Rico to study the effects of cancer cells on the human body.
Residents of Puerto Rico were infected with cancer cells. Within a short time, many of them died.
But something else strikes. The text of the note allegedly written by Rhodes:
“Puerto Ricans are the dirtiest, laziest, and most degenerate and thieving race of people that has ever inhabited this world. I did the best I could to destroy them further by killing eight and transplanting cancer into a few more. All physicians enjoyed the torment of the victims of failed experiments.”
And this was written (did he write?) by the vice president of the American Cancer Society ...
6. Power of action of penicillin
In 1946-1949, the inhabitants of Guatemala became unwitting victims of an experiment by American scientists who decided to test the effectiveness of penicillin as a cure for syphilis and gonorrhea.
At first, prostitutes infected with syphilis infected soldiers, prison employees, prisoners, as well as patients in psychiatric hospitals.
When the spread of the disease through prostitution was not as effective, it was decided to resort to vaccinations.
Infected patients were then treated. Needless to say, most of them never received treatment.
On October 1, 2010, Hillary Clinton issued a formal apology for these events.
7. Nuclear experiment
In 1954, the Americans tested nuclear weapons near the Marshall Islands. The purpose of the experiment was one: to see how radiation affects a person.
And the radiation worked badly!
After the experience, for five years, the women of the islands were not able to give birth to children due to constant miscarriages, and those who were born suffered an agonizing death from cancer.
In 1996, during the 50th session of the UN General Assembly, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was adopted, which was signed by all the leading countries of the world.
It is also curious that information is found on the net that AIDS is not at all a misfortune of our time. And a virus artificially created by American scientists, which was specially introduced into society in the late 80s, as a means of combating drug addiction, prostitution and homosexuality.
How do you?! One thing I can say, we will not know soon whether this is true or not.
8. Stuttering
In 1939, Wendell Johnson of the University of Iowa (USA) and his graduate student Mary Tudor conducted a shocking experiment on 22 orphans from Davenport.
The essence of the experiment was that the experimenters told one half of the children about how cleanly and correctly they speak.
And the second - on the contrary, pointed out the slightest flaws in speech, in every possible way grimacing, reproaching and calling them miserable stutterers.
As a result of the experiment, many children from the second group, who had never experienced speech problems, developed all the symptoms of stuttering, which persisted throughout their lives.
This study was called "monstrous" and was hidden from the public for a long time.
It wasn't until 2001 that the University of Iowa issued a formal apology to all those affected by the study.
9 Obedience or Stanley Milgram's experiment
This experiment does not quite fit the format of this article, but I think it will be very interesting in terms of how far people can go.
It was conducted in 1960 at Yale University by renowned scientist Stanley Milgram.
The subjects were people from 20-50 years old of completely different professions.
Milgram told the subjects that they were participating in an experiment to determine how much punishment would affect learning.
One volunteer (who was actually an actor and was in cahoots with Milgram) was stationed in one of the rooms and had to memorize a series of phrases. Another volunteer (the real subject) was in the room next door and had to read the word combinations aloud (through a microphone) and beat the “student” with an electric current (press the appropriate button) whenever he gave an incorrect answer.
With each subsequent error, the current increased by 15 volts.
As you probably guessed, the scientist was absolutely not interested in how punishment affects the learning process. He just wanted to see how long people would keep pressing the button that sends out an electric shock before they stopped. Do they obey, even at the risk of killing a person?!
As the strength of the discharge increased, the “disciple” in the other room screamed more and more desperately.
Some of the volunteers, hearing these frantic screams, turned to Milgram and asked what they should do?!
The scientist always answered with a straight face: "According to the conditions of the experiment, you must continue."
And they continued. They pressed the button, despite the cries and screams coming from behind the wall. When the discharge reached 450 volts, the student behind the wall was already frighteningly silent. Apparently he was dead.
However, this did not stop the researchers. Some of them began to behave inappropriately: burst into hysterical terrible laughter, smile happily, but continued to press the button.
Remarkably, when the volunteers no longer saw or heard any reaction from the student, their willingness to send even stronger discharges was almost 100%.
Milgram later commented: “I would say that based on my observations of a thousand people who took part in this experiment, and the information that I received, I was of the opinion that if death camps were built in the United States, as If this was in Nazi Germany, then you could easily find the right staff to work in these camps in any average American city.
Of course, in reality, no one received any electric shocks, because the “student” was an accomplice of the experimenter, and his screams were pre-recorded on a tape recorder. Nevertheless, the subject seriously thought that he, in obedience to orders, actually killed a person.
Several good films have been made on the topic of such experiments: "Experiment", "Experiment 2: Wave", "Cube", "Obedience", "Hidden Rage". The last two are documentaries.
That's all friends for now.
As a summary, I can say the following.
On the one hand, it is inhumane, inhumane and wrong to perform various experiments on people. On the other hand, if Hitler and American scientists had not conducted many medical experiments (even scary and creepy), who knows what medicine would be like in Germany and the USA now. And now they are one of the best in the world, saving millions of lives.
Something to think about, right?!
- In contact with 0
- Google Plus 0
- OK 0
- Facebook 0
