The Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is one of the oldest in the Russian Army. It is a system of governing bodies, organizations of central, district, naval, army subordination, specialists of the military level, designed to oversee the implementation of veterinary legislation in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Organizes and carries out the whole complex of anti-epizootic, veterinary preventive, therapeutic measures, veterinary and sanitary control of the quality and food safety of food and food raw materials entering the troops (forces), thereby ensuring the protection of the personnel of the Armed Forces from diseases common to humans and animals , food poisoning and toxicosis.
FROM THE DECREE OF PETER I
Its history began with the decree of Peter I of July 12, 1707 on the establishment of "animal healers" (horsemen) in the cavalry. In essence, this is the history of domestic veterinary medicine. The creation of military veterinary medicine was associated primarily with the needs of the army. Veterinary specialists were first trained in the second half of the 16th century. for the Stable Department, which had as its main goal the recruitment of the army with horses. It laid the foundation for the establishment of domestic horse breeding, i.e. the actual birth of veterinary science and practice, for decades ahead of the developed European countries in this.
From the moment of formation to the present time, domestic military veterinary medicine has been an integral part of society and its Armed Forces. Together with them, it developed, obeyed the laws of the development of the army, undergoing changes in the course of reorganization, rearmament and various reforms of state building.
There is little information about the activities of horse-dressing masters in the regular army. Few documents convey the following historical facts to us: by 1711, in the states of 33 cavalry regiments, it was planned to have 330 horsemasters (10 for a regiment, for one master - 100 dragoon and 30 "cart" horses). By 1712, in the states of artillery, it was provided for at the headquarters of the regiment to contain one horsemaster, three assistants and ten horseshoe masters. Their main task was to preserve state-owned horses.
The need for this was very great, therefore, in 1715, Peter I issued a decree proposing to find Swedish specialists in order to train Russian people in "blacksmithing" and "good horse-drawing science" in each province to send them to the regiments assigned to the provinces.
By 1740, horse factories were established under the cuirassier, dragoon, field and garrison regiments, while among the receivers of horses there were horse-dressers and blacksmiths. Each horse factory provided for the arrangement of "light stables". Undoubtedly, the work of the horsemasters was useful, and their practical experience was widely used in the regiments, which was reflected in the Regulation on the maintenance of horses in cavalry and artillery, enacted in 1766.
A special educational institution is being created to train military veterinary specialists. This was the Artillery horse-drawn school opened in 1803. In 1812, at the veterinary department of the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy, the first graduation of domestic veterinary doctors, who were assigned to military service, took place.
During the Patriotic War of 1812, the horse composition of the Russian army consisted of 300 thousand horses. From the point of view of the history of the development of veterinary support for the army, the organization of the first field horse infirmaries (depots) this year deserves special attention. The initiative to create them belonged to the commander-in-chief M.I. Kutuzov. So, after the Battle of Borodino, individual cavalry divisions led up to 300 sick and wounded horses. In this regard, M.I. Kutuzov ordered General Barclay de Tolly to organize the collection and evacuation of sick and wounded horses.
In 1864, the division of troops into corps was canceled, military districts were formed, in connection with which a full-time position of a military district veterinarian was introduced, subordinate to the military medical inspector of the district (the system of managing the veterinary unit was changed). The general dynamics of growth in the number of full-time specialists in the army by periods of hostilities is shown in the table.
To manage the military veterinary business in the Russian army in 1896, a central body was created - the Military Veterinary Department under the Main Military Medical Directorate. And it was preceded by temporary military administration bodies, such as the Provisional Veterinary Committee (1847) and the Veterinary Department at the Main Military Medical Directorate, which effectively functioned until 1895.
During the Russo-Japanese War, 123.5 thousand horses (60%) fell ill in 20 months, 2439 (1.97%) had gunshot wounds. There were 148 advanced, 136 convoy, 11 stage veterinary infirmaries in the combat areas, but the distribution of the veterinary staff was uneven. In transports, one doctor accounted for 300-400 horses, and in divisional wagon trains, one doctor per three thousand. Significant work has been done to service the food herds of cattle, unfavorable for plague and foot-and-mouth disease.
The management of the veterinary unit in the active army was carried out by full-time veterinary inspectors. In June 1905, the office of the field veterinary inspector of the army was established, which united the veterinary service in the theater of war. Since 1910, the service has become independent from the center to the regiments. The veterinary administration is directly subordinated to the Minister of War.
During the First World War, there were more than 2930 thousand animals in veterinary hospitals, about 370 thousand horses infected with infectious diseases were registered. Irretrievable losses amounted to 400 thousand (30.5% of the average staff). At the same time, on January 1, 1916, there were an average of 500 horses per veterinarian, and 100 per paramedic.
SOVIET PERIOD
The organizational design of the military veterinary service of the Red Army dates back to May 8, 1918, when the Collegium of the Veterinary Administration was created. Of the numerous reorganizations in 1918-1924, it should be noted that in 1924 the Military Veterinary Directorate of the Red Army was resubordinated to the People's Commissar of the USSR. At that time, the Military Veterinary Directorate was entrusted with the leadership of the veterinary service of the Red Army, the OGPU troops, the Border Troops, as well as the escort guards.
In 1924, scientific research institutions of the military veterinary service were organized: the Veterinary Chemical Laboratory of the Red Army and the Veterinary Microbiological Institute. Since 1925 - the military veterinary department at the Kazan Veterinary Institute, later reorganized into a faculty, then - into the Military Veterinary Institute and in 1938 - into the Military Veterinary Academy of the Red Army (Moscow). Training of veterinary paramedics is carried out by the Leningrad Military Veterinary School. By 1929, scientific research institutions of the service, educational institutions, and central veterinary warehouses were already subordinate to the Military Veterinary Directorate of the Red Army.
During the Great Patriotic War, units of the active army with a significant number of horses were provided with full-time divisional and corps veterinarians. In the armies and in the fronts there were governing bodies - veterinary departments. In the front there are several front-line veterinary infirmaries, a front-line veterinary warehouse and a front-line laboratory. The chiefs of the veterinary service were subordinate to the respective chiefs of the rear, however, such a hierarchy did not exclude the direct report of the chief of the veterinary service to the commander of the troops (commander of the formation) and members of the military council.
Despite the high degree of motorization of the army, the horse staff served as a military weapon in the cavalry and as a reliable draft force in artillery and other branches of the armed forces and rear services. The combat effectiveness and mobility of troops, their timely combat and logistics support largely depended on the staffing of formations and units with horses, on their performance. The veterinary staff of military units and formations, both regular and called up from the reserve, performed their duties in difficult combat conditions. And yet, more than 90% of horses were returned from veterinary infirmaries to service after treatment.
In addition, the specialists of the service carried out significant work on veterinary and sanitary supervision of the work of meat processing plants, field offices and military food depots, veterinary control over the quality of meat supplied to the troops and navy. In herds of food livestock, veterinary preventive, anti-epizootic measures, veterinary and sanitary examination of meat and products of animal origin were carried out in full.
The post-war years (1948-1954) became a turning point in the history of the service. As a result of the further mechanization of the army and the almost universal replacement of horses with machines, there was a significant reduction in the number of personnel and institutions of the military veterinary service. A new stage in the development of the service turned out to be associated with the training of troops in combat operations with the use of weapons of mass destruction. The tasks of protecting personnel from diseases common to humans and animals, as well as from diseases that can be caused by the use of animals exposed to WMD damaging factors, were put forward to the fore. In 1958, instead of veterinary infirmaries designed for inpatient treatment of military animals, veterinary epizootic multipurpose detachments were formed.
By 1965, the following organization of the service had developed: in the center - the Military Veterinary Department of the Ministry of Defense, to which the advanced training courses for officers of the veterinary service are subordinated, the central veterinary warehouse; in districts, groups of troops, and fleets - a veterinary service, which is in charge of a veterinary laboratory, veterinary epizootic detachments, a veterinary warehouse, military veterinarians, and specialists from the service of military state farms.
In 1978, in accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the military veterinary faculty was restored at the Moscow Veterinary Academy. K.I. Scriabin.
In 1990-1994, the history of the veterinary and sanitary service is associated with an increase in the volume of activities carried out in the interests of protecting the health of personnel of the troops and fleet forces. Thus, in 1994, in connection with the market conditions of economic management in the country, there was a significant re-profiling of the activities of military veterinary medicine to ensure the quality of food and food raw materials supplied to the troops and fleet forces. The military veterinary service is given a new legal status - the departmental veterinary and sanitary service of the Armed Forces as an integral part of the state veterinary supervision, ensuring the implementation of the normative acts of the law "On Veterinary Medicine" in all power structures of the Russian Federation. In particular, the service exercised control over the implementation of military units, institutions and agricultural enterprises of the Ministry of Defense of veterinary and sanitary rules and regulations. Ensuring the food safety of food prepared for the personnel of the troops and naval forces. Carried out measures to prevent the importation into the territory of the Russian Federation of pathogens of infectious animal diseases, dangerous pests, plant diseases and quarantine weeds at military vehicle border crossing points. And also a number of others.
AFTER THE COLLAPSE OF THE USSR
The activities of the veterinary and sanitary service after the collapse of the USSR turned out to be complicated by the fact that the bodies that procure food for the Armed Forces were forced to use the services provided by various commercial organizations. This happened in the context of widespread diseases in agro-industrial production, including those common to humans and animals, as well as the uncontrolled use of mineral fertilizers, pesticides, other chemical plant protection products and animal treatment.
A set of activities carried out in the late 90s. of the last century on the reorganization of the military veterinary service into the veterinary and sanitary service of the Armed Forces, made it possible to make the service a departmental subsystem of the unified state veterinary and sanitary supervision of the Russian Federation. All veterinary laboratories of the military districts and navies were transferred to strengthened staffs, which received a new name - laboratories of veterinary and sanitary examination - and have qualitatively different capabilities in terms of carrying out measures for the veterinary and sanitary examination of food, food raw materials and fodder. Additionally, specialized institutions were formed at military airfields and at the bases of naval vessels - veterinary control points, which ensured the implementation of a complex of veterinary-sanitary and quarantine measures to prevent the introduction of contagious animal diseases, quarantine pests, plant diseases and weeds into the territory of the Russian Federation.
The Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the RF High Command was included in the functional subsystem of the unified state system for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations. Military Veterinary Faculty at the Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology. K.I. Scriabin was transferred to a three-year period of study with a corresponding increase in the number of faculty students. Curricula for the training, retraining and advanced training of officers of the rear services in the higher military educational institutions of the Logistics of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation have been revised, unified data banks on special issues have been introduced into the practice of institutions of the veterinary and sanitary service of districts and fleets.
Over the years, military veterinarians have repeatedly confirmed their devotion to their work, showed high professionalism, selflessness in all the significant events of the past century. Including in the veterinary support of the combat operations of the troops of the 40th Army in Afghanistan; ensuring veterinary control and radiation safety of food products supplied to the population and troops as a result of the Chernobyl disaster; organization of anti-epizootic support for the actions of troops in interethnic and local conflicts in Transnistria, Tajikistan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Chechnya, the North Caucasus, Yugoslavia and peacekeeping operations of Russian troops abroad.
We can also recall the elimination of outbreaks of acute contagious infections in the territory of military districts, such as foot-and-mouth disease, anthrax, tuberculosis, brucellosis, rabies, bird flu. On the organization and implementation of veterinary, sanitary and preventive measures during the Spitak and Okha earthquakes, natural disasters, man-made accidents and catastrophes...
The positive experience of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of recent years in terms of veterinary and sanitary supervision and control is successfully used in organizing work in this area in various structures of the state veterinary medicine of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In 2000, on the basis of the existing Military Veterinary Faculty, a unique and the only higher military institution in the world was created - the Military Veterinary Institute, which trains veterinary specialists for all law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation in the main specialties.
The service receives further improvement on August 22, 2004, when, in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation 122-FZ, the veterinary and sanitary service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is included in the system of the state veterinary service. On the basis of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 16, 2004 No. 1082, it implements the state policy in the field of veterinary and phytosanitary supervision in the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations and bodies. Here it is appropriate to cite the statement of Andrey Matveyevich Rudenko, Privy Councilor, Master of Veterinary Sciences, timed to coincide with the acquisition of independence by the military veterinary department of Russia exactly 100 years ago. “If the difficult fate and uncertain legal position of the veterinarian is felt at every step even now, then what happened to him at the dawn of Russian military veterinary medicine,” he wrote. on the one hand; on the other, it is a story of grief, sadness and suffering of former veterinarians who fought for the independence and originality of their work.
Over the 300-year path of development of the military veterinary medicine of the Russian army, there is a tendency to maintain the status of a "stable military structure" in the Armed Forces, in comparison with the strength of the troops (navy forces) in the Russian Empire, the USSR and the Russian Federation. Most likely, this situation will continue in the future, since it is associated with the unpredictability of the military-political situation in the world, global climate and environmental changes on the planet, the likely mutation of pathogens of especially dangerous diseases and other adverse factors in which the role and significance of military veterinary medicine, as a complex of biological sciences, without any doubt, will increase. Therefore, it seems that the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation will remain an integral and integral part of the logistic support of the troops and fleet forces both in peacetime and wartime.
UDC 619:614
Veterinary and Sanitary Service
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
in a new look
V.P. Vetrov, Deputy Chairman of the Central Council of the Interregional Association of Organizations of Veterans of the Logistics of the Armed Forces, Honored Veterinarian of the Russian Federation, Major General of the Reserve Veterinary Service
“If the difficult fate and uncertain legal status of the veterinarian is felt at every step even now, then what happened to him at the dawn of Russian military veterinary medicine. The history of Russian military veterinary medicine - the history of the progress of veterinary medicine in general and military veterinary medicine in particular, on the one hand; on the other hand, it is a story of grief, sadness and suffering of former veterinarians who fought for the independence and originality of their work.
A.M. Rudenko, Privy Councilor, Master of Veterinary Sciences (1910)
Abbreviations: VV MVD - internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, VVI - Military Veterinary Institute, Armed Forces - Armed Forces, VSS - Veterinary and Sanitary Service, IRP - individual diets, LD - laboratory diagnostics, m / s - medical service, R&D - research experimental control work, R & D - research work, WMD - weapons of mass destruction, TsVSEiLD - Center for Veterinary Sanitary Expertise and Medical Diagnostics
In 2008, the leadership of the Ministry of Defense decided to reform the RF Armed Forces. In accordance with this plan, the strength of the Armed Forces by 2012 should be reduced to 1 million people. Such a large-scale reduction in the combat strength of the army entails the reduction of all other rear services, in particular the VSS.
The Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is one of the oldest in the Russian army. It is a system of governing bodies, organizations of central, district, naval, army subordination, specialists of the military level, designed to oversee the implementation of veterinary legislation in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The service organizes and carries out the whole range of measures - anti-epizootic, hyster! 1 pair-prophylactic, medical, as well as veterinary and sanitary control of the quality and food safety of food and food raw materials entering the troops, thereby ensuring the protection of the personnel of the Armed Forces from diseases common to humans and animals, food toxic and toxicosis and toxicosis.
For 300 years, the VSS has been an integral part of the logistical support of the troops and forces of the fleet, and during the period of hostilities, it has also been the combat support service of the army, in particular the cavalry.
After the Great Patriotic War, the VSS was entrusted with the task of protecting the personnel of the troops from WMD and for the specific indication of bacterial agents; she took part in the implementation of some state armaments programs.
In the USSR, a global system was created to protect troops and the population from anthropozoonoses, farm animals from zoonoses, and phytosanitary protection of plants. All the advanced technologies of that period were involved in the system. Military veterinary medicine was not the last place in the functioning of the system.
With the end of the period of military confrontation with the United States and NATO, military veterinary medicine ensures the epizootic and veterinary-sanitary well-being of the deployment and actions of troops and naval forces; participated in a number of research and development work on the creation of means of protecting military and food animals; ensured the food safety of food entering the troops; actively participated in the implementation of the Food Program in the country, the development of military state farms and subsidiary farms, as well as in all significant activities carried out according to the plans of the Logistics of the Armed Forces and other interested ministries and departments. In 2004, the functions of state veterinary supervision and control were assigned to the service.
In accordance with the plan for reforming the Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the following measures are envisaged: in the period from 2009 to 2012, transfer the Logistics of the Armed Forces from the extraterritorial to the territorial principle of providing troops with a significant reduction in the volume of storage of material and technical equipment and food; to dismantle more than 200 operating bases and warehouses and create on their basis more than 30 complex logistics bases; reduce the administrative structures of the Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation by 70%.
A little more than 300 posts will remain in the central apparatus of the Logistics, of which 60% will be occupied by military personnel and 40% by civilians. The central body of the Military Veterinary Directorate will be represented in these structures by the Department of Veterinary Supervision. The Ministry of Defense plans to create 10 scientific centers on the basis of 65 military universities. Now there are 15 academies in the system of military education. 46 institutes and schools, four universities. The goals of reforming the military veterinary service:
bring the service in line with the new image of the Logistics of the Russian Armed Forces based on the established number of troops, rear groupings and the tasks facing the service;
The leadership of the VSS types, branches of service, military districts and fleets.
First row (left to right): beg. VSS Space Force Colonel m / s K.V. Kolosov, early VSS Air Force and Air Defense Colonel m / s P.E. Gratsianov. early VSS Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Colonel m / s Yu.G. Boev, Chairman of the Council of Veterans of the Armed Forces of the Armed Forces, Major General of the Veterinary Service of the Reserve V.P. Vetrov, early VVI colonel m / s I.O. Kolesnichenko. early VSS Strategic Missile Forces Colonel m / s H.A. Yanchuk, head VSS Railway Troops Colonel m / s V.N. Nikitin Second row (left to right): early. VSS Northern Fleet lieutenant colonel m / s D.S. Yermilov, commander of the military unit of central subordination lieutenant colonel m / s C.V. Ivliev, head VSS of the Volga-Ural Military District Colonel m / s I.A. Maksimov, Deputy early VVI colonel m / s A.N. Avdienko, head Central Veterinary Warehouse Colonel m / s Yu.E. Grigoriev, Chief Specialist of the Armed Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Lieutenant Colonel V.V. Galkin, head VSS of the Siberian Military District lieutenant colonel m / s V.P. Garmaev, head VSS of the Moscow Military District lieutenant colonel m / s B.N. Kobzenko.
Third row (left to right): beg. Armed Forces of the Far East Military District lieutenant colonel m / s D.Yu. Dubovoy, commander of the military unit of the Caspian flotilla, major m / s V.N. Nasypayko, early VSS Airborne Troops Major m / s E.G. Yudin, Deputy early VSS Armed Forces of the Russian Federation colonel m / s O.V. Kutepov, head VSS of the North Caucasian Military District Colonel m / s A.G. Tyulenev. early VSS Pacific Fleet lieutenant colonel m / s R.V. Zagumennykh, early of the Veterinary and Sanitary Department of the State Center for the Execution of Punishments of the Russian Federation Lieutenant Colonel m / s B.C. Loiko. early VSS of the Baltic Fleet lieutenant colonel m / s B.P. Bushov. senior officer of the Center for Orders and Supplies of Material and Technical Means of Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Lieutenant Colonel m / s E.H. Borzunov. deputy early Armed Forces of the Federal Service Directorate lieutenant colonel m / s C.B. Molodnyakov. early VSS Troops of the Special Forces Command lieutenant colonel m / s E.A. Nikitin
to reduce the number of military veterinary structures by about 30%, while maintaining only veterinary organizations of constant readiness. (The reduction will primarily affect narrow-profile organizations that are not fully staffed with personnel and special equipment, as well as specialists who are not in demand in the field.);
transfer the main part of the positions of military personnel to the category of civilians;
create the necessary stocks of veterinary equipment and special means in the required quantity and concentrate them in relation to the rear groupings; to transfer the district and naval veterinary warehouses to integrated rear logistics bases;
to create multidisciplinary veterinary organizations of a new type that meet modern requirements.
In 2009, the service's efforts were aimed not only at bringing its structure in line with the new image of the RF Armed Forces and the tasks assigned to the service, but also at maintaining the stability and continuity of veterinary and sanitary support in the context of reform. The staff structure of all service organizations was optimized; positions of military personnel have been replaced by positions of civilian personnel; canceled all tasks previously assigned to the service for the formation of military units and organizations of veterinary and sanitary services; accredited 9 and
4 TsVSEiLD centers were formed in three military districts and in one fleet (in 2010 it is planned to re-accredit 4 more TsVSEiLD centers); new models of equipment were included in the states of the Central Military Council for Economic Development and Forestry to replace obsolete ones (the organizations of the North Caucasus Military District and the Baltic Fleet were the priority areas in equipping with modern technical means). The methodological guidance of the veterinary and sanitary services of the districts, fleets, types and arms of the armed forces was continuously carried out. Special mention should be made of the disbandment of the VVI and the Central Veterinary Enzootic Detachment.
Due to the reduction of budgetary financing of the service within the framework of the state defense order in 2009, biological preparations and special equipment were not purchased by the service. Only the necessary disinfectants and laboratory instruments and other equipment were purchased. Today, the provision of service units with veterinary property, as well as technical means, is 100%. The combat and mobilization readiness of the service and its organizations is maintained at a level that ensures the transfer from peacetime to wartime.
Among the military and civilian veterinary specialists, the controversy regarding the essence of the ongoing reforms and their consequences for the country's defense capability does not subside. Many are alarmed by the totality and swiftness
Graduation of VVI officers in 2009
service reorganization. At such a pace, it is impossible not to miss some “little things” that will turn into serious problems. In particular, the prospect of veterinary and sanitary support for troops in real combat conditions or when transferring from a peaceful to a military position is alarming.
The military veterinary service is endowed with the functions of state supervision, and the mechanism for its application is still far from perfect. Many legal documents need to be finalized, for example, the Law “On Veterinary Medicine”, the draft of a new version of which has been agreed for almost 15 years.
Within the framework of the current Federal Target Program "Protection of the population, troops, farm animals and habitats in extreme situations, natural man-made disasters and wartime", as well as in accordance with the requirements of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation, the most important areas of activity of military veterinary medicine include:
targeted collection and systematization of data on the state of natural foci of diseases, the presence of infectious diseases in foreign countries, analysis and forecasting of the epizootic situation, creation of a data bank for making reasoned strategic decisions to protect the territory of the Russian Federation from the introduction and spread of especially dangerous anthropozoonotic diseases;
development using modern biological technologies of new and improvement of existing means and methods of express diagnostics and protection of animals and plants from lesions by pathogens of especially dangerous diseases;
improvement and development of the system of conducting agro-industrial production;
organizational and methodological measures for territories adjacent to radiation, chemical and biologically hazardous facilities and enterprises, the operation of which is associated with the possibility of man-made disasters;
development of methods for neutralization, disinfection, decontamination, conservation, storage and processing of food raw materials (ensuring the production of food products safe for the human body) obtained from
animals affected by man-made substances as a result of local armed conflicts, terrorist acts and natural disasters, accompanied by the destruction of chemical, biological industrial enterprises, as well as enterprises with a nuclear cycle;
development of methods for the treatment and prevention of injuries to military and food animals by poisonous substances; a new generation of prophylactic and therapeutic antidotes.
Exclusion in 2006 from the list of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of military registration specialties of a veterinary profile, such as a veterinary epizootologist, a radiologist-toxicologist, a virologist-microbiologist, a veterinary-sanitary expert, etc. (a total of 10 specialties) and the subsequent termination of their centralized training for the needs of the service will lead to serious difficulties in the performance of the above tasks, especially during the transition of the veterinary service of the army to "military rails". At present, there is only one military registration specialty - veterinary and sanitary support for troops, or simply a veterinary general practitioner. This specialty is unified with medical military specialties, which is wrong for purely legal reasons.
The idea is to abolish military veterinary education and disband the VVI, which trains military veterinarians of the highest qualification for the entire block of law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation. did not arise today: the question has been raised repeatedly over the past two decades.
The subjective prerequisites for making such a decision include, first of all, the short-sighted position of the leadership on the use of this unique educational institution, which has a 200-year history. Today, higher military veterinary education is preserved in the People's Republic of China (PLA Veterinary Academy) and the Republic of Kazakhstan (military department of KAZNAU). After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the leaders of a number of CIS countries repeatedly turned to the leadership of the Armed Forces with proposals to train military veterinary specialists on the basis of the military veterinary faculty at the MVA and VVI for their national armies. But no response was found.
The need for highly qualified specialists in the power block of the Russian Federation and other structures providing for
military service still exists today. However, in management bodies, organizations and brigades of constant readiness, the staffing table provides for the position of a veterinarian - an employee contained in a separate regulation. A number of law enforcement agencies (VV MIA and border troops of the FSB) decided to stop funding the training of specialists for their departments.
A financial and economic assessment of the content of the university and the cost of funds per student, carried out back in 2005, showed that a cadet of the GDP for a two-year period of study costs the state 4 times cheaper than the same cadet of any combined arms school. So talk about any money savings is empty phraseology.
Allocation of funds within the framework of the state defense hardening for 2010 is not planned, which makes it impossible to equip service organizations with modern technical means, conduct various studies of food products, food raw materials and other laboratory diagnostic tests, fast and high-quality disinfection measures in the district troops (fleet).
The VSS suffered a very tangible loss when the GDP was disbanded, as a result of which:
the scientific and pedagogical potential of two academic departments was lost; it is planned to dismiss to the reserve a dozen and a half candidates of veterinary and biological sciences and a number of teachers with rich combat and practical experience in the troops;
such scientific schools and areas as military veterinary toxicology and radiobiology, military epizootology, field veterinary and sanitary examination, military field veterinary surgery, organization and tactics of the veterinary and sanitary service, and a dozen more military applied disciplines have ceased to exist. ;
the unique educational and methodological base and educational laboratories, the laboratory park of technical equipment have been lost;
with the liquidation of three research laboratories and the research department of the VSS, the Armed Forces lost the scientific, methodological and methodological center of military veterinary medicine on the scale of the Armed Forces;
lost a unique research area for the creation of means of protection for military and food animals; the oldest military veterinary toxicological school was liquidated, on the basis of which, in the Soviet and modern period, a system was built to protect the population and farm animals throughout the country from WMD;
R&D was stopped and programs for the creation of means of protection and prevention in the preparation of mine-detecting dogs were curtailed;
with the liquidation of the Academic Council of the VVP, the direct connection of the newly planned Department of Veterinary Supervision with the scientific world is interrupted, the long-term creative interaction of approximately 12 leading institutes of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Russian Academy of Sciences and scientific and production organizations of the Moscow region, FGU "Center" in the field of veterinary medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, etc.
it is possible that the department of the Bureau of Veterinary Medicine of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences will be withdrawn from membership, which will create certain difficulties in the further implementation of veterinary and sanitary support for the Armed Forces. In addition, the service was deprived of a base for the training and retraining of specialists from among the newly arrived civilians and the mobilization reserve; the training of highly qualified specialists for the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the FSB, the FSO, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Federal Penitentiary Service and other structures has been discontinued;
the existing unique museum of military veterinary medicine was temporarily transferred to the MGAVMiB named after V.I. KS. Scriabin, but the public has no guarantee of its further preservation.
With the disbandment of the Central Veterinary Epizootic Detachment, the methodological and laboratory base of the service for the training of specialists of the leading veterinary service was lost.
We predict an outflow of specialists to other structures, where guaranteed wages will be two to three times higher than in veterinary organizations that have been transferred to new states and a different wage scheme. Naturally, in the absence of specialized professional training, their place will be taken by less qualified personnel who do not know the specifics of military service and most issues of veterinary and logistic support for the troops. And no one removed the tasks facing military veterinary medicine in the general scheme of logistical support for the troops. Here is an incomplete list of them: to improve the system of veterinary and sanitary support of the RF Armed Forces by switching to the territorial principle, with the involvement in the process of state organizations and commercial enterprises providing services on a contractual basis; create a system of stockpiles of materiel in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, taking into account the operational formation of troops and the reduction in the number of troops (forces); maintain the technical equipment of the service at a level that makes it possible to guarantee the combat readiness of the troops (forces) and the rear; to ensure the effective functioning of the veterinary safety control system for food products and food raw materials, to prevent the supply of low-quality food (with expired shelf life) to the troops (forces); to ensure the readiness of the ACC bodies to take measures to prevent the occurrence and spread in the troops (forces) of contagious diseases common to humans and animals; to improve the regulatory and legal framework relating to the veterinary and sanitary support of the RF Armed Forces. as well as the control system of the VSS in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; to develop the skills and methods of work of the management staff and officials in the conditions of the new image of the Armed Forces; organize interaction in matters of mobilization training and mobilization with the federal executive bodies of the Russian Federation, the central bodies of the military command and control of the RF Armed Forces, other troops, military formations and bodies.
Russian military veterinarians have always been distinguished by the highest professionalism, collective cohesion, and dedication to their work. Most of the officers of the veterinary (now medical) service are excellent organizers of the military economy. They are well aware of the basics and subtleties of food, clothing, fuel supply, tactical and technical characteristics and the capabilities of rear equipment. They understand the specifics of the company economy, the life and life of a soldier, the technology of cooking, the rules for food processing, the organization of agricultural production and subsidiary farms, and many other issues that are called in one word rear.
Modernity dictates its own rules of the game. When analyzing the historical experience of our fatherland, the experience of foreign countries, as well as the processes taking place today in the construction of rear structures, there is hope that tangible losses in military veterinary medicine can be avoided. The structures of the service have been preserved and, most importantly, while people remain in the ranks. In the ranks of the VSS Logistics of the Armed Forces there are top-class specialists, one might say, the elite of domestic veterinary medicine. It is very important not to allow the work in the reformed service to lose material and moral attractiveness for them.
Life will prompt future decisions. More than one year is required for reforms, significant amendments and changes are inevitable, incl. in the direction of the well-established scheme of military veterinary business in Russia, which is the fourth hundred years old!
The story of Vetrov Vitaly Petrovich, Chairman of the Interregional Public Organization "Council of Veterans of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces".
Military rank: Major General of the Veterinary Service.
Honorary titles, academic degree:
- "Honored Veterinarian of the Russian Federation" (1994);
Honorary Member of the All-Russian Heraldic Society (1990);
Honorary veteran of the city of Moscow;
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Academician of the International Academy of Informatization.
Field of activity:
Veterinary medicine and biology, organization, strategy and tactics of veterinary support. One of the main activities of V.P. Vetrov as a military veterinary specialist - protection of the territory of the USSR, the CIS countries and the Russian Federation from the introduction of anthropozoonoses and the elimination of infectious animal diseases.
Over the 52-year period of service and work in the bodies of the Ministry of Defense, V.P. Vetrov went from a veterinary paramedic to the head of the Central body of military veterinary medicine of the country, from lieutenant to major general of the veterinary service (the only one in the Russian Federation)
Has publications in the digital library "Libmonster" and other Internet portals.
Orders, medals and other awards:
Order of Courage (1998), Order of Honor (2008), 38 medals, including combat medals: "For Courage" (1979), "For Military Merit" (1987), "For Combat Commonwealth" (1990). He has awards from foreign states: the medal "Brotherhood in Arms" and the commemorative medal "XX Anniversary" (assault on the Moncada barracks) of the Republic of Cuba. "Medal for Good Service to Afghanistan" medal "From the grateful Afghan people" DRA, medal "60 years of the Mongolian People's Revolution" of the MPR, as well as "Warrior-internationalist" (1989), "Liquidator of the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster" (1986), "Participant liquidation of the consequences of the Spitak and Okha earthquakes. "Veteran of military operations" (2003). He has Letters of Appreciation from the President of the Russian Federation, Diplomas from the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, his deputies, insignia from ministries and departments, as well as from public organizations and associations.
Credo, life position - Serve, awake.
Cuban period of activity:
Why are military veterinarians needed in a war? History repeats itself many times, any military conflict, economic or other sanctions of states inevitably lead to the appearance of epidemics or epizootics.
In 1971, the Cuban state experienced an epizootic of African swine fever that broke out in the state farms of a number of provinces. Whether it was a sabotage or an accidental introduction of the pathogen with food is still unknown to a wide range of specialists, although the remaining samples of field strains, in the current state of science, could partly help to establish the origin of the infectious agent.
African swine fever virus, which is not found on the American continent, was used as a biological agent. In all likelihood, it could have been delivered by CIA agents from a secret test station, a branch of the Dugway Chemical and Biological Testing Ground, from the territory of the Howard military base in the Panama Canal zone. The pathogen was used in a covert way, in a landfill, near the location of the Soviet training center, there was also an auxiliary farm of a military unit, which was liquidated during the outbreak.
During the period of confrontation between the two world superpowers, the version of the outbreak of the African plague in Cuba in the foreign media was professionally and correctly fabricated and aimed, first of all, at discrediting the Soviet troops. They say that the Soviet military contingent brought swine fever with food to the Island, which caused irreparable damage to the Cuban people: it undermined the country's economy, set agriculture back ten years, etc. But according to the remaining samples of strains, our scientists established the origin of the infectious agent, which ruled out the accidental introduction of the virus with food. In addition, this infection was not registered at all in the USSR at that time.
The political leadership of the Republic of Cuba, with the help of Soviet specialists, made the only right decision: to exterminate the number of pigs in farms that are unfavorable for this disease, and to carry out a set of strict anti-epizootic measures. In the provinces of Pinar del Rio, Havana, Matanzas, about 500 thousand heads of pigs were destroyed. At the same time, it was believed that the appearance of African swine fever on the Island was the US economic war against Cuba. Undoubtedly, there were political overtones here.
In connection with these events, which caused significant economic damage to the economy of the young state, it was decided to strengthen the country's veterinary service. At the same time, the post of head of the veterinary service was introduced into the states of the Soviet contingent of troops in Cuba. These are the circumstances that preceded the arrival on Liberty Island in 1974 of the senior lieutenant of the veterinary service Vitaly Petrovich Vetrov, a graduate of the special faculty of the Alma-Ata Veterinary Institute.
The main tasks facing the head of the veterinary service of the 12th training center were:
Implementation of service measures aimed at preventing diseases common to humans and animals among a contingent of military personnel, workers and employees of the Soviet Army, members of their families, seafarers of a separate squadron of ships of the Navy and civilian personnel performing national economic tasks, totaling several thousand people;
Ensuring epizootic well-being and proper veterinary and sanitary condition of areas and places of deployment of military units, institutions, individual teams and units, as well as places of residence for officers;
Ensuring the safety of food products supplied to the food supply of the Soviet contingent.
II. Memories
Vetrov Vitaly Petrovich:
In 1974, I was sent to Cuba, where I performed multifaceted tasks in organizing veterinary and logistics support. Participated in the elimination of the consequences of African swine fever in a number of provinces of the Republic of Cuba. Provided logistical support and veterinary and sanitary measures during the redeployment by air and sea transport in 1975 of Cuban troops to Angola. He took part in hydrographic expeditions in the Caribbean, the Sargasso Sea, the Panama Canal, and other versatile logistics tasks. As part of assisting the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Cuba, he took part in the training and education of veterinary specialists from among Cuban officers.
Having arrived at the place and studied the epizootic situation and the veterinary and sanitary condition of the training grounds, areas of deployment and operation of troops, as well as the deployment of PMTO (logistics point), and fleet forces (Seventh OPESK is an operational squadron of the USSR Navy, designed to solve combat missions in the Atlantic theater of operations), and in addition to all military facilities located in the Republic of Cuba, I reported to the Rear Command of the GSAF in Cuba on the state of affairs.
The relevant head made a decision to equip a laboratory for veterinary and sanitary examination and a permanent veterinary and sanitary post at the Joint Logistics Warehouse in the area of the Havana port. I had to start from scratch. It was difficult to constantly argue with the leadership, to prove one's innocence and the need for veterinary influence on many areas of activity of an already well-established rear organization.
Vetrova Galina Vladimirovna:
After a long sea passage on the ship, we finally ended up in the beautiful Havana, which we did not really have time to see. Then ended all the tedious formalities and the official meeting with the chief military adviser. All the newly arrived officers with their families were brought to the training center, fed well, distributed among the villages, and their husbands were put into service. Everything! The free life of passengers ended, and fighting and fun everyday life began. It's bad that no one met us, my husband was the first of all Soviet military veterinarians in Cuba. But we are great, a couple of years later we met his successor.
It was much more difficult to live in Cuba than in the Union during the first five-year plans and subsequent years. There is discipline and order, there are all-powerful organizations of the KZR (Committees for the Defense of the Revolution), vigilantly watching all the events that take place, including the village of Managua, where we are located. The life of Soviet military specialists and their families in the settlements did not differ in variety. Officers and warrant officers lived according to the general routine of the combat unit, where all issues were painted and verified to the smallest detail. All the families of military personnel were attached and adapted to the same daily routine. The Russian village of Managua was located 14 km from the deployment of the 7th Motorized Rifle Brigade (7 separate motorized rifle brigade) in a semi-hilly and abandoned area, far from the main roads. True, 7 kilometers from the village there was a national park named after V.I. Lenin.
The village consisted of about 60 solid cottages (kas), a summer cinema club, a closed club, a Cuban guard commandant's office with a canteen and a food warehouse ("dry rations"). Families of Cuban guards lived in 4 casas, and the Cuban sergeant Ramon was the commandant. Water was supplied for 4 hours a day to five-cube asbestos-cement containers that stood on the roofs, and this amount was enough for two or three families. Electricity, by American standards, was 110 volts and was often unavailable due to tropical rain and stormy weather conditions. The electric shower satisfied all hygienic needs. True, on the territory of the brigade there was a chic full-time officer's bath with a steam room, but the inhabitants of the village of Managua did not go there, and so it was a terrible heat. Only husbands sometimes celebrated on Saturdays, to the "accompaniment" of a couple. Outdoor insulated wiring lay right on the roofs and trees and amazed our electrician Vitaly, who installed an orphan radio relay antenna on the roof, taking a television program from the USA. Before the revolution, the American contingent was located in Managua, and then after 1962, Soviet missilemen and military motorized rifle regiments were stationed. In this village there were officers who did not have direct subordination of personnel that affect the combat readiness of the brigade. Motor transport (Gaz-51 cars - a variant of a cargo taxi) went on schedule between the village and the brigade: the first car came at 5 in the morning and the last one at one in the morning. The wives accompanied their husbands to work in the morning, by 11 o'clock they gathered at the dry rations, at which time a car with food arrived. The lunch break was set from 14:00 to 17:00, i.е. at the hottest time, and work continued until 19:00. Then dinner and at nightfall at 21:45 the cinema began every day, sometimes two or three films or series until one in the morning. And in the morning it all started all over again. At lunch, as a rule, there was a 30-minute downpour with a half-meter stream of water, and then within 20 minutes everything dried up and the bright sun shone again. The weather was always sunny with high air temperature and humidity, only once during the dry period, at night the temperature once dropped to plus 14 degrees Celsius, then all Cubans wrapped themselves in blankets when they went outside. On Sundays, the families of officers and ensigns were taken by bus and truck to Guanabo Beach, a specially designated area of an excellent beach 60 km from Havana. There was a complex of cottages, a dining room and a bar for "Sovetiko militar", providing for a comfortable stay.
Vetrov Vitaly Petrovich:
Now I will add a little about the peculiarities of the work of specialists of the military veterinary service in the Republic of Cuba, and in particular mine. I had to start everything from scratch. During the Caribbean crisis, 42,000 Soviet soldiers were deployed to Cuba, so veterinary equipment and equipment were supplied for a whole veterinary detachment and a field meat processing plant, but by 1974 it was collecting dust in warehouses and was practically ownerless. I had to return, also not without difficulty, the property and premises belonging to the service.
Having studied the situation, I decided to equip a veterinary laboratory and a workplace for a veterinary specialist in a food warehouse and in a military trade department in the Havana port area. I got acquainted with the officials of the revolutionary Cuban armed forces, the sanitary, quarantine and phytosanitary service of the commercial port. Once I did not allow about 130 tons of fresh-frozen flounder to be allowed for allowance. By decision of the command, this batch of fish had to be transferred to the Havana Zoo for food for crocodiles and other living creatures, and partially disposed of. My Cuban work colleagues were very cautious about our offer to donate almost a dozen truckloads of fish to them. Experts were terribly afraid of the introduction of infection - African swine fever was in everyone's memory. Interestingly, these products were, in principle, of good quality, but were defrosted twice and fell apart into small pieces during heat treatment, so that only fishmeal could be prepared from it.
With the permission of the head of the rear of the unit and the former front-line soldier, Colonel Vasily Andreevich Chukov, I organized the construction of the premises of the base laboratory of veterinary and sanitary examination. One morning, the unit commander himself checked the progress of work and, making sure that these were not empty talks, gave the command to increase the pace of construction. I did a grandiose job and within a month I completed a turnkey building of two hundred square meters, equipping it with everything necessary. A brigade of internationalist soldiers and Cuban builders worked hard on the construction! According to an application submitted to the Military Veterinary Department of the USSR Ministry of Defense, all laboratory equipment and property was received. Starting from that time, the service could carry out the tasks of veterinary support for the contingent of Soviet troops in full.
Since that time, the service has kept all incoming food under strict control, taking all spheres of veterinary influence into its own hands. Up to six non-staff veterinarians and paramedics served in critical areas; at our request, the main department of the Ministry of Defense specially selected them in the Union, and, in particular, in the Leningrad Region. I, having entered the taste of the creative excitement, created a special construction team. Electric welders assembled typical premises of a poultry farm and a rabbitry from metal. A small rabbit farm already existed at that time and had a good economic result. So the ideas of socialist construction were put into practice far from the Motherland with the practical development of production technology at the constructed facilities. To pay tribute - there was plenty of building material, including an acute shortage.
But the Cuban comrades, seeing our economic zeal, delicately recommended: "You do not need to breed animals and birds, we will provide you with everything you need for free anyway." Very good and timely advice. The Revolutionary Armed Forces and other armies of the world did not have subsidiary farms, as in the Soviet Army. The “first” type that existed in our troops, the legalized fund of any commander and chief, contributed to the possibility of additional food for personnel without any significant costs, but in the conditions of the host country, this did not justify itself.
At the Soviet base, located on the territory of the port in Havana, leased from the Cuban authorities, a small veterinary laboratory was equipped with instruments and reagents, which made it possible to carry out the necessary amount of express food research. At the same time, the technical basis of the laboratory was made up of instruments available in the medical service, foreign-made equipment, as well as a regular military veterinary laboratory (norm-set 14), which was used during direct departures to ships. The presence of a workplace for a veterinary and sanitary expert directly in the port, as well as free access to all berths in the port of Havana, made it possible to quickly solve the tasks of the veterinary service - to provide practical assistance in determining the quality of food products to the battalions of the arriving ships of the Soviet merchant fleet, while drawing up the relevant documents. Near the laboratory, a place was equipped for storing fumigation and disinfection products, which came through the quarantine and sanitary service of the Revolutionary Armed Forces (RVS) of the Republic of Cuba.
Large stocks of flour were stored at the Soviet base, which were constantly refreshed, the work of two mechanized bakeries was ensured, which baked 6-10 tons of bread per day. Control over this process by the military veterinary service was clearly established for the main reason - the massive development of flour pests in conditions of 95% humidity and, in particular, flour moth, the entire development cycle of which fit in a two-week period. To interrupt this cycle, under the guidance of a veterinary specialist, pest control work was regularly carried out in rooms with a total area of up to 15,000 square meters.
Four times a week, our veterinary fumigator went to Havana, to the port base, which, together with representatives of the sanitary and quarantine services of the RVS, poisoned billions of flour pest larvae with a special gas. Only such harsh methods were used to suppress grain pests; the Cuban side did not have this problem, because all the flour from the "wheels" went into production.
The workplace of a laboratory assistant was equipped at the bakery, and a full-time specialist carried out his activities under the constant and methodical guidance of the head of the veterinary service. The bulk of the work consisted in conducting a veterinary and sanitary examination of food products and, first of all, perishable ones. Every day up to three tons of fresh pork was brought to the base directly from a primitive slaughterhouse, where veterinary control took place only when documents were issued for the issuance of finished products. I was convinced of this more than once, despite the high professional level of my Cuban colleagues. It's just that the method of approach to the issues of examination of products and raw materials was far from perfect. The European School of Veterinary Sanitary Expertise was the most rigid, principled and somewhat cumbersome. This was primarily due to the presence of a large number of infections and invasions on the Eurasian continent than in Latin America. For example, every week I conducted up to 60-80 different tests and laboratory tests. He even examined pork carcasses for trichinosis, beef for finnosis and selectively, when such invasions in Cuba were practically not registered. But we were prescribed this by the instructions for the veterinary service, or rather the Guidelines for Veterinary Support. There were practically no doubts about vegetables and fruits, ensigns-forwarders and non-staff veterinarians easily managed at vegetable bases.
Once, the head of the library of the 12th training center turned to me and explained that they had tried all the remedies for cockroaches, but they still terribly defeated the library.
Save! The main book fund is disappearing! - she said. - Kukarachi - large yellow cockroaches - literally devour the bindings of books and publications.
It turned out that during the rainy period, in search of food, cockroaches found ordinary carpentry glue in the library, with which book bindings are made. I remembered how once in Central Asia I treated sheep for scabies with hexachlorane, so I set fire to hexachlorane checkers in the library, in the smoke of which not only cockroaches died, but all the mosquitoes in the area.
Another problem was rats, which in large numbers inhabited all facilities, communications and ships in the port of Havana. But not all the baits used had an effect on them. So, zoocoumarin, as it was established empirically, practically did not have a serious effect on them. Therefore, the bait prepared by the service based on zinc phosphide has become the main means of combating rodents. The objects of veterinary supervision were located in garrisons (the so-called colonies) remote at a distance of up to 190 km, in connection with which one veterinary specialist could not physically ensure the necessary volume of activities.
I must note that all non-staff specialists of the veterinary service worked conscientiously, and the volume of special activities carried out by them was very significant.
III. Photo:
(prepared by Sinelnikov Alexander Nikolaevich)
- Officers of the 7th Motorized Rifle Brigade and the headquarters of the GSVSK perform a task in the province of Oriente. Taking this opportunity, we went on an excursion to Casa Siboney, where the legendary Fidel Castro and his associates launched an assault on the Moncada barracks on June 26, 1953. Thus began the Great Cuban Revolution, which is already 65 years old. In the well on which V.P. Vetrov, political worker Pyotr and the commander of the IL-14 Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Ivanovich, Fidel Castro and his associates hid their weapons. Santiago de Cuba, 1974
- The main entrance to the former 7th separate motorized rifle brigade in Narocco, Havana province, Republic of Cuba
- Head of the veterinary service of the 12th training center, senior lieutenant Vitaly Vetrov in the park 4 OMSB.
- Officers check the outboard motor before going to sea. The goal is reconnaissance and study of the coast in the theater of operations, or the area of \u200b\u200bprobable amphibious landing. Military veterinarian, senior lieutenant Vitaly Vetrov (right) studies, analyzes and predicts the epizootic situation, simultaneously conducting veterinary-sanitary and epizootic reconnaissance of the area and its economic component.
- Laboratory of Veterinary and Sanitary Food Expertise of the 7th Motorized Rifle Brigade. The head of the veterinary service of the brigade V. Vetrov, the head of the food service of the brigade A. Loginovsky. Narocco, 1975
- The work of the officers of the rear of the brigade in the province of Oriente. At the walls of the legendary barracks of Moncada. Photo for memory. Vitaly Vetrov on the left. Santiago de Cuba, 1975
- The personnel of a separate automobile company of the brigade carried out long marches along the island of Liberty. The picture shows Senior Lieutenant Vitaly Vetrov with smart military drivers. Highway Havana - Kumaguey. 1975
- In the location of a separate motorized rifle brigade, Vitaly Vetrov, with his daughter Svetlana and the head of the field branch of the State Bank, Alexei Fedorov, with his daughter. Narocco, 1974
- The Vetrov family and neighbors in the village of Managua, in the province of Havana, at cash desk No. 53. 1976.
- The daily trip to Havana exhausts the drivers, the drivers are tired. Small halt. Vitaly Vetrov on the right. Ciego de Avila, 1975
- Cuban New Year, meeting with classmates (neighbors in cabins), Galina Vladimirovna is busy with her son Shurik. 1976
- Part of the work of military veterinarian Vitaly Vetrov is related to the maritime component in the Republic of Cuba. With ships and support vessels of the Navy, and in particular, 7 OPECs of the Northern Fleet, which replenished supplies at the PMTO (logistical support point) of the USSR Navy. Pictured are BOD 290 officers off the far coast of Africa, 1975.
- A military veterinarian is a universal fighter of the rear and combines up to three dozen specialties and specializations. Along with the main areas of activity, Vitaly Vetrov mastered a rare profession in Cuba - a taxidermist. Narocco, 1975
- Joint tactical-special exercises with our colleagues. And the veterinary service conducts a study and assessment of the hydrobionts of the sea.
- Checking and real working out of the standards set for specialists, and more photos for memory. Vitaly Vetrov on the right. 1975
- A team of ichthyologists and rear fighters landed on the shore. Puerto Manati. One fighter caught a sand shark. Vitaly Vetrov is second from the right. 1976
- The officers and rank and file of the brigade, in addition to service and work, had pleasant moments, such as excursions and visits to memorable and historical places in the Republic of Cuba. Medical warriors on the ruins of a sugar (cane) plant. Vitaly Vetrov on the left.
- Committees for the Defense of the Revolution in Cuba, a powerful and effective organization in terms of ensuring the Revolutionary order. A vigilant KZR member, Jose, checked a suspicious Soviet military car parked on the side of the highway. For excellent service, he was awarded a mug of dry wine by Vitaly Vetrov. 1974
- Interacting services in all commissions of the brigade, financiers, logistics, political workers, veterinarians and others. Vitaly Vetrov and head of the financial service Vyacheslav Ivanchikov. Narocco, 1975
- Head of the veterinary service of the 12th training center, senior lieutenant Vitaly Vetrov, commandant of the 12th center, lieutenant colonel N.V. Kruglov and military conductor of the 12th training center, Major V.F. Generalov. Conversation on a free topic. Military Band of the Brigade. 1975
- Very interesting, complex, unpredictable and responsible work of a military veterinarian Vitaly Vetrov in a distant country. Which on special questions submits only to itself! And his chief chief, Major General of the Medical Service Oleg Belenky, was far away in Moscow, on Red Square!
- Work card of the head of the veterinary service of the training center, senior lieutenant of the veterinary service Vitaly Vetrov, for working out special issues.
- 50 percent of the working time of the military veterinarian Vitaly Vetrov was devoted to the acceptance of general cargo from the Soviet Union and the Commonwealth countries. A dry cargo ship or ship with a displacement of up to 25 thousand tons was unloaded for no more than three days. Port of Cienfuegos. 1974 As a senior chief, Vitaly Vetrov serves borscht to his colleagues. Romantic and significant.
- The closed Naval Base of Cienfuegos, at one time there was a floating dock for nuclear submarines of the USSR Navy, which was very disturbing to the American military leadership. Far away is the exit to the Caribbean, officer Vitaly Vetrov worked here more than 30 times. 1974
- Ebb and flow in the Bahama Strait reach two kilometers from the coast. It was very convenient to reload weapons and equipment, driving along the hard seabed, right into the abyss. Ichthyopathologist Vitaly Vetrov in the center (biologists and veterinarians are engaged in this fishery, in accordance with the Veterinary Charter of the USSR of 1968.) Old Bahama Strait. 1975
- Command of the 7th Motorized Rifle Brigade and officers of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Republic of Cuba. Commander of the 7th Motorized Rifle Brigade Colonel Shevchenko in the center
- Officers and ensigns of the Logistics Services of the 7th Motorized Rifle Brigade. Deputy brigade commander for logistics, Colonel V.A. Chukov in the center. Head of the veterinary service of the brigade, senior lieutenant Vitaly Vetrov, third from left, second row. Narocco, Republic of Cuba, 1976.
- Park-economic day in the troops. This is equivalent to general cleaning carried out by any hostess at home. This day applies to all commanders, chiefs and ordinary soldiers, it is held in parks, barracks, canteens, utility yards and other places. The picture shows soldiers of the 4th Motorized Rifle Brigade and 7th Motorized Rifle Brigade putting things in order in the barracks. 1976
- Vitaly Petrovich Vetrov - today.
IV. Video
(prepared by Sinelnikov Alexander Nikolaevich)
6 comments
Quote:
“At the Soviet base, located on the territory of the port in Havana, leased from the Cuban authorities, a small veterinary laboratory was equipped with instruments and reagents, which made it possible to carry out the necessary amount of express food research. production, as well as a full-time military veterinary laboratory (norm-set 14), which was used when directly leaving the ships.The presence of a workplace for a veterinary and sanitary expert directly in the port, as well as free access to all berths in the port of Havana, made it possible to quickly solve the problems of the veterinary service - to provide practical assistance in determining the quality of food products to the battalions of the arriving ships of the Soviet merchant fleet, while drawing up the relevant documents. came through the quarantine and sanitary service of the Revolutionary Armed Forces (RVS) of the Republic of Cuba.
Vitaly:
Dear Alexander, thank you for your wonderful review. Your time will also come imperceptibly, passing on your vast experience to the younger generation. As far as I know, your service has been spent more than 25 years in the extreme conditions of the Far East and the Arctic, in permafrost and polar night. This is not the Crimea and not the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Only those who are strong in spirit, devoted to the cause and service of the Motherland, people are capable of such deeds and feats! I wish you military happiness, promotion and success!
Major General Reserve Veterinary Service Vitaly Petrovich Vetrov is 60 years old. Of the 32 years of service in the Armed Forces, 13 he served in the Far East. Then there were Sakhalin, Belarus, Cuba... I traveled all over the Soviet Union and many countries of the former Warsaw Pact. He is a witness and a direct participant in very significant events, including tragic ones...
From November 1974 to December 1976, he served in Cuba as a veterinarian in a separate military unit of Vetrov. There he solved multifaceted tasks of organizing veterinary support, did everything to prevent diseases common to humans and animals among our military personnel, workers and employees, members of their families, Navy sailors and civilian personnel performing tasks of national economic importance. He was also in charge of ensuring the food safety of food supplied to the Soviet contingent in various parts of the world.
A notable event for him was participation in the elimination of the consequences of African swine fever in a number of provinces of the Republic of Cuba, veterinary support for the relocation of Cuban troops to Angola by air and sea in 1975. As well as participation in hydrographic expeditions in the Panama Canal zone, the Caribbean Islands, the Sargas Sea and other places.
Providing assistance to the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Cuba, Vitaly Vetrov took an active part in the training of veterinary specialists from among Cuban officers.
In 1978–1983 Vetrov is a senior veterinary inspector of a separate army of the Far Eastern Military District. At that time, along with solving everyday problems of veterinary support, he paid great attention to the arrangement of his departments, the reconstruction of veterinary service institutions in the Kuriles, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Chukotka and the mainland of the Far East. His business was the reconnaissance of the theater of operations in remote areas of the island and peninsular parts of the Far Eastern Military District, participation in a number of research expeditions through the General Staff and the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1981, during the elimination of the consequences of Typhoon Dora, he took prompt measures to dispose of dead animals in the area of Aninsky Bay on Sakhalin, which ensured the epizootic well-being of the island.
At the same time, the young officer had to solve the problems of veterinary support for a limited contingent of Soviet troops on the territory of the Republic of Afghanistan.
In 1983, Vetrov, major of the veterinary service, was appointed head of the veterinary service of the Belarusian Military District. He gave this position for five years. During this time, the service subordinate to him did not allow a single case of anthropozoonoses or toxic infections among the personnel of the troops and members of the families of military personnel. According to the estimates of the Military Veterinary Department of the USSR Ministry of Defense, it was in the lead in all respects, having ensured complete well-being in its area of responsibility in 1983-1988.
A special milestone in the activities of Vitaly Vetrov is the management of the organization and implementation of measures entrusted to the veterinary service of the district in the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The military veterinary service from the first days was involved in the work to ensure the radiation safety of both livestock products and agricultural facilities. The functioning of the system of posts of veterinary and radiation control was ensured, radiometric control of all agricultural products was organized and the radiation safety of food products in the territory of the BWO was ensured. At the same time, not a single case of meat and milk contaminated with radionuclides was admitted to the processing enterprises of Belarus. These and other activities of the veterinary service made it possible to protect the health of the personnel of the district troops and their families, as well as the population in the radioactively contaminated area of the BSSR.
The Veterinary Service of the BVO, headed by Vetrov, during the liquidation of the consequences of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, proved to be the most trained, operational and mobile service among all paramilitary units that performed similar tasks.
Since March 1988, Lieutenant Colonel of the Veterinary Service Vetrov - Deputy Head of the Military Veterinary Department of the USSR Ministry of Defense. In this position, he was directly involved in the elimination of the consequences of the devastating Spitak earthquake in December 1988, organized veterinary support for the troops and the civilian population, placed veterinary institutions and units in the destruction zone, and controlled the epizootic situation on the territory of the Armenian SSR.
Since 1989, colonel of the veterinary service Vitaly Vetrov has been in charge of the military veterinary service of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, the joint Armed Forces of the CIS, the Russian Federation, consistently holding the appropriate positions. In 1995 he became a general.
richest practical experience, high military-theoretical training and, most importantly, dedication in the work of Vitaly Vetrov became the basis not only for the confident leadership of the service, but also for its successful reform in the conditions of building the Russian army.
With the direct participation of V.P. Vetrov, in the Law of the Russian Federation “On Veterinary Medicine”, the military veterinary service was given the legal status of a departmental veterinary and sanitary service, which significantly expanded its rights and obligations. Under his leadership, the priorities of the service were determined, the concept of its development as an integral part of the unified system of state veterinary supervision was revised. Also, the military veterinary service was reorganized into a veterinary and sanitary service, as a result of which the organizational and staffing structure of the service was as close as possible to the modern composition and purpose of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. New service documents were duly developed and old documents were revised, its composition was brought into line with the real scope of work on in-depth examination of food and the diagnosis of infectious animal diseases.
All this allowed the service to reach a modern, qualitatively new level and significantly increase the efficiency of work. The skillful management of the veterinary and sanitary service in the conditions of the difficult economic situation in the country and the underfunding of the Armed Forces made it possible to ensure the stable epizootic well-being of the areas of deployment of troops and fleet-based forces, as well as food safety at the stages of production, procurement and storage in stocks. At the same time, the service put a strict barrier to the abuses associated with the supply of unsuitable food to the troops.
The timeliness of the reorganization of the service was especially clearly manifested in the organization of veterinary and sanitary support for the Russian troops in Abkhazia, Transnistria, Tajikistan, Kosovo, as well as the joint forces opposing illegal armed formations on the territory of the Chechen Republic.
Vetrov was a member of the Bureau of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, represented the military department in the Interdepartmental Scientific and Technical Commission for the Protection of the Territory of the Russian Federation from the Importation and Spread of Especially Dangerous Infectious Diseases of People, Animals and Plants, as well as Toxic Substances under the Department of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Ministry of Health of Russia.
Major-General of the Veterinary Service Vitaly Vetrov was distinguished by a deeply thought-out, balanced and scientifically based approach to the management of the service. This was largely facilitated by the multifaceted scientific activity, a wide range of his scientific interests.
Vitaly Petrovich - the author of about 150
scientific works. Under his leadership, textbooks, teaching aids, manuals, manuals and instructions on the veterinary and sanitary service were revised and published. It has 13 copyright certificates. It should be noted in passing that Vetrov is a co-author of a number of projects on military veterinary symbols and heraldry. He paid close attention to this.
realizing the role and significance of the intensive development of informatization, Vetrov, as the head of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, did a lot for the development of information technologies and processes in the service.
Under Vetrov, the role and importance of military veterinary medicine in the country is noticeably increasing. So, in 1990, by a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the Military Veterinary Department of the Ministry of Defense was entrusted with the functions of the general customer for the creation of veterinary and phytosanitary protection means. The membership of the head of military veterinary medicine in the bodies of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences and a number of state committees and commissions is determined on an ongoing basis.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No.
On June 7, 1995, the highest military rank of Major General of the Veterinary Service was introduced as the head of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service - Chief Veterinary and Sanitary Inspector of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Veterinary and sanitary support of troops as one of the types of logistics support acquires a preventive direction in terms of creating anti-epizootic and veterinary and sanitary well-being of the activities and deployment of troops, fleet forces and other formations where military service is legally provided.
In recent years, more than 40 documents have been adopted, including combat ones, regulating the legal, social and special status of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service, and an organizational and mobilization body has been formed as part of the department. More than 15 research and development organizations were involved as performers of research and design work in the interests of military veterinary medicine.
In some branches and branches of the Armed Forces, the number of veterinary specialists was increased to 300, the staff position of the veterinary staff was increased, a three-year period of study was introduced at the military veterinary faculty and special programs were introduced for higher military educational institutions of the rear of the Armed Forces, specializing in Veterinary and sanitary provision of the troops.
In addition, 22 laboratories of veterinary and sanitary examination of food were created, and more than 100 specialized veterinary units were organized in the troops to serve the livestock sector, about 20 veterinary control points were formed at military airfields and bases of the navy. The total number of veterinary personnel of the service has been increased to 3,000 servicemen and civilian personnel. All this was created with the most active participation of General Vetrov, thanks to his efforts.
After transfer to the reserve in 1998. Vitaly Petrovich works at the Military Veterinary Institute. Giving a lot of time to scientific research and experiment, he does not shy away from social activities, for more than 10 years he has been chairing the council of veterans of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces.
Most recently, a three-volume manual was published: “Examination of good quality and radiation safety of products. Their standardization and certification”. In this work, one of the most urgent sections of veterinary science is developed - the examination of good quality, safety and usefulness of food products. In the age of a catastrophic increase in pollution of all spheres of human habitation, this direction is of paramount importance in terms of ensuring the health, and hence the life of mankind.
The manual is intended for a new generation of young professionals starting their responsible path in life. As a textbook, the three-volume book will accompany cadets of the Military Veterinary Institute, training centers (courses) for reserve officers, students of veterinary universities throughout the years of study. The manual contains all the necessary material on the history of the subject, on radiobiology, on general and private veterinary and sanitary examination of products, their good quality, safety and usefulness.
As an applied manual, the three-volume book will be indispensable for practicing military specialists of the veterinary and sanitary services, all structures of the power unit, including for specialists from the Ministry of Emergency Situations, as it contains the latest scientific developments on a number of topical issues of examination of good quality and food safety, as well as a description of new progressive examination instruments and methods of their use. One of the authors of this manual is Vitaly Vetrov.
It is worth adding that he is also the only one of the veterinary chiefs of the post-war period who was awarded a nominal firearm. Vitaly Petrovich was also awarded state awards. Among them are the Orders of Courage, Honor, medals "For Courage" and "For Military Merit". Vetrov is an honored veterinarian of the Russian Federation. But most of all, he, I think, cherishes the fact that he still remains for all employees of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service a model of devotion to the profession and military duty.
On the picture: in the hands of Vitaly Vetrov - a new textbook on military veterinary medicine.
Belenky Oleg Samarievich - one of the leaders of military veterinary medicine, head of the military veterinary service of the USSR Ministry of Defense (1970 -1989), major general of the veterinary service.
Born in with. Pliska, Bakhmachsky district, Chernihiv region, in the family of a military man. In the Armed Forces since 1941. In 1945 he graduated from the Military Veterinary Academy. Member of the Great Patriotic War - veterinarian of the 391st front-line veterinary infirmary of the 1st Ukrainian Front. In peacetime, he continued to serve as head of the training forge of the Moscow Military District, head of the veterinary infirmary and head of the hippophysiological laboratory of the Red Banner Higher Cavalry Officer School, veterinarian of formations in the Moscow and North Caucasus military districts.
Since 1959, he continued to serve in the military veterinary department of the USSR Ministry of Defense as a senior officer, then chief epizootologist and deputy head of the department. In 1970 - 1989 - Head of the military veterinary service of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR.
In this position, Oleg Samarievich paid great attention to the development of military-theoretical issues and guidelines, which contributed to the development of the military veterinary service, its improvement, improvement of the organizational and staffing structure, the growth of veterinary institutions and the number of veterinary specialists in the troops. He achieved the creation of the Military Veterinary Faculty at the Moscow Veterinary Academy, which made it possible to equip the troops with highly qualified veterinarians with high military training.
Strengthening business relations and close interaction with state veterinary authorities and veterinary research institutions, skillful management of service specialists contributed to epizootic well-being in most military districts, air defense districts and fleets, and increased efficiency of medical work.
Solving multifaceted issues of veterinary support for troops, O.S. Belenky focused on improving the veterinary and sanitary supervision of the provision of troops with products of animal and vegetable origin, as a result of which the troops for a number of years did not have diseases associated with the consumption of poor-quality products.
For 18 years, Oleg Samaryevich was a member of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Logistics of the Armed Forces and the USSR Ministry of Agriculture, for 12 years he was a member of the editorial board of the Veterinary journal.
Oleg Samarievich was awarded the Orders of the October Revolution, the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, the Red Banner of Labor, the Red Star, for service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR, I and II degrees, and 22 domestic and foreign medals.
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