It is very interesting for children to talk about the Moon, as it attracts them in some magical way. My child reacted very brightly to the moon, even when I drove him in a stroller. And of course, now that he is seriously passionate about space, I want to tell him about his favorite moon. Do not be afraid, everything that we will “study” I will present in game form, and to be honest, it fascinated my child even more into outer space. Get out of this thread later.
Literature for the lesson “Children about the Moon”
But in order to reach the desired Moon, we need to go beyond the planet Earth. What surrounds our planet? That's right, atmosphere. After all, we have already read about it more than once, but is it clear to a child of 3-4 years old what it is?
Of course, information is needed, even better when it is presented in books with good visual illustrations. Okay, let's start with the theory. The atmosphere is considered to be that area around the Earth in which the gaseous medium rotates together with the Earth as a whole. The atmosphere is the planet's protective layer, protecting its inhabitants from solar ultraviolet radiation.
In children's encyclopedias, the names of the first two layers are even given, which means that we do not run ahead. Although I remember that we studied this topic at school from about the 5th grade. So let's start, I'm sure that I will be able to explain to Alexander, who is now 3 years 10 months old: what is the atmosphere and how it protects our earth.
A very visual description of the atmosphere, where in the layers the child sees a flying plane, a weather balloon, spacecraft, we found in the encyclopedia "Universe 3D".
Pay attention to the excellent book of Levitan star tales , in which the heroine made friends with the moon and the stars. Reading is great for kids preschool age. And for children 6-8 years old, I advise you to read Fairy tale adventure little astronomer from the same author.
Then we moved on to our favorite "The Very First Encyclopedia" series, this time "Planet Earth". I have written more than once that this series seems to me very successful for beginners, it is very accessible in the writing language, colorful and with large letters. Alexander reads most of the text in the books of this series himself, which is an indisputable plus for me. In this book, the theme of the atmosphere is presented in all its diversity, reversals: the air cover of the Earth, the mood of the atmosphere, clouds float across the sky.
In the book wonderful planet from the series “Your first encyclopedia”, this time from Machaon, there was also information, and not only about the atmosphere, but also on the topic of the Moon. Namely, the ebb and flow.
I think that the theory is enough, now you need to convey all this to the child, who is now 3 years 10 months old. Shall we start?
The atmosphere of planet Earth can be explained to a child using a boiled egg as an example. Our planet is surrounded by a multi-layered atmosphere, just as in an egg the yolk is surrounded by protein.
Model of the Earth's atmosphere
Next, we make a visual model of the Earth's atmosphere with the child. It took us part of the evening. Of course, it would be prettier to use shoebox lids, but we don’t store shoes like that, so I took cornflake boxes.
The child needs to see all the layers of the atmosphere. Parents can show their preschooler using a layout. Students can create their own layout.
Well, now in more detail from the bottom up:
Mesosphere(50-85km):
Meteors burn here before reaching the Earth (fragments of comets, asteroids)
Pocket- this is a conditional boundary between the Earth's atmosphere and space (85-100 km)
Thermosphere(100-690km):
There are polar lights and spacecraft fly here.
And welcome to exosphere, which is located above 690 km.
All information was taken from Wikipedia.
Now Alexander could easily answer these questions.
Are there children, a blanket,
To cover the whole Earth?
To have enough for everyone
And besides, it was not visible?
Neither fold nor unfold
Feel or see?
Let rain and light through
Is there, but is it not?
(According to A. Matutia)
We go directly to the moon, read about this beauty in the book
In the book
In the book
And in the book Universe
My description of all these books is in and.
Experience Craters on the Moon
Well, now you can start playing. First, we decided to conduct an experiment and make craters on the moon. It was a lot of fun, the child learned better about the reaction of baking soda with vinegar.
We needed:
- Dish with soda (this is the Moon);
- vinegar (we have 5%);
- dyes (added to vinegar);
- pipette.
Alexander had not worked as a pipette before, well, there are no such pipettes in the Dominican Republic and I was a little worried about how he would succeed, but everything turned out like clockwork. Of course, the use of a pipette is another development fine motor skills, and when there is something in the pipette that should not spill, then accuracy.
We start making craters. And they hiss and bubble.
Alexander watched this action with great interest.
Well, the artist reports that the masterpiece is ready.
And then he asks:
“Mommy, can I do what I want now?”
“Of course you can, it’s your Moon,” I answer.
And Alexander pours out the remaining blue vinegar while watching the largest crater churn.
And then he picks up a handful of soda and throws it into yellow vinegar.
This is delight!!! The experiments are over, now another fun - washing under the tap of all materials.
From the books we read, we already know how craters form on the moon. They are made by asteroids that crash into our satellite. Since the Moon has no atmosphere, therefore, it has no protection from them.
It will help us to see this clearly:
- Tray with moon sand (you can take tinted flour and even dry cement). The moon is covered with a layer of dust and it would have been even clearer, but we played in the apartment. Of course, when choosing a material, you must first of all think about the safety of the child.
- Stones (we have decorative stones of different sizes and shapes).
Alexander from a standing state, in order to have a good acceleration at the stone, drops it into the sand.
We immediately notice depressions in the sand resembling craters. And this is what Alexander ended up with.
Astronomy for kids - phases of the moon
Then we began to develop a plan to understand why the moon in the sky is not always seen the same shape. Having cut out the phases of the moon from cardboard, I asked Alexander to color them, he enthusiastically set to work.
We have already read in books that the moon moves around the earth counterclockwise. Correlating our models of the sun and the Earth with the Moon, we saw how the lunar and solar eclipses. When our “moons” dried up, I asked Alexander to try to arrange them himself. I felt that he could, enough information was given for this. The only thing I told him was that the new moon should be near the sun.
After he laid everything out, Alexander began to walk in a circle naming the phases: the new moon, the crescent of the growing moon, the first quarter of the growing moon, the growing moon, the full moon and now to decrease: the waning moon, the quarter of the waning moon, the crescent of the waning moon and again the new moon. He did laps 5-6, he liked to call them as if it were some kind of counting rhyme.
I think the child understood the material well.
And yet I wanted Alexander to remember the phases of the moon forever. We made an excellent applique with it, which now hangs in front of our dining table. We did it together, discussing. So, if the crescent in the sky looks like the letters C, then the moon is “old” waning, if we visually draw a wand and the letter P is obtained, then the moon is growing.
And the child understood! Around 5 pm we went out for sports on the terrace, and the moon was visible in the sky. Alexander immediately said:
“Mommy, look, it’s a waxing moon. Just a few more days until the full moon!
When we got home, I quickly set up a "stage" in my closet (the darkest place in our house) for our next performance.
I needed:
- Flashlight (this is the Sun, I hung it on a stick);
- big ball (Earth);
- small ball (Moon);
- little man from Lego (attached to the ball with plasticine).
I started with a question:
Is the moon visible in the sky only at night?
“No, we just saw her in the blue sky,” Alexander answered.
But why doesn't this always happen? Are you interested? Let's watch.
First, let's see when our little man has day and night. Remember that a day is one rotation of the Earth around its axis.
The man above is the day. The little man below is the night.
Now let's start with the new moon. When the Moon is on top of a man, although he looks up, he sees only its dark part.
Two days later, the Moon shifts and the little man can observe its narrow illuminated piece. Every day the piece will increase and increase. This phase is the growing moon. Every day the appearance of the moon from behind the horizon will be later and now it is already entering the sky at noon. It is this phase of the moon that can be seen from Earth during the day. It was this moment that we caught with Alexander on the terrace.
Of course, we passed our tennis ball - the Moon through all phases, this very clearly showed the child how the phase of the Moon changes from the illumination of the Sun. But I will not increase the volume of this post with my photos, but simply give a link to the site where this idea was taken by me. I think that many of you are familiar with the author Tatyana Pirozhenko from the books “Club for Why” and in the post Why is the moon visible during the day? you can see her full explanation with photos on the topic “phases of the moon”.
Well, to finish with the Moon, we talked about why when we see a half circle in the sky, it is called a quarter. Clearly, the child understands this very quickly. I asked Alexander:
When we see a full moon, is it the whole moon or half of it?
“A whole lot,” answered the child.
- Let's remember that the Moon is always turned to the Earth with only one side. You and I read, and then we did an experiment where the boy saw only one side of the moon.
I took an apple and asked the child to imagine that it was the whole moon, then I cut it in half.
How many apples are on our plate?
- Half.
What does our moon look like when we see a full moon?
- Yes.
So what part of the moon do we actually see on a full moon?
- Half.
“Very well, and now I will take half of the circle and explain to you why this phase of the moon is called the first quarter.”
I cut an apple into 4 pieces.
How much do we need to leave on a plate to make it look like our moon?
And Alexander easily postponed one quarter.
As Tatyana Pirozhenko advises, I gave the child loose material (20 beads) and asked him to put them in 4 containers in equal parts.
Then she put the halves of the moon in front of Alexander, but we know that they will make one whole. And I asked him to put the parts with beads so that they were all involved as one.
Now the tricky question:
“And how will we distribute the beads if I put the full moon and the first quarter of the moon in front of you?”
That's it, the child has mastered the topic !!!
Moon cartoons for kids
And the only one. How beautifully it shines at night. But let's not talk about romance. Here we will tell you a few interesting facts about the moon.
1. The Moon is the second brightest object in the solar system, after the Sun itself. In addition, the Moon is the planet's closest satellite to the sun, since Mercury and Venus, which go in front of our Earth, have no satellites at all.
2. The word Moon comes from the Proto-Slavic word "Luna", which translates as "Light".
3. Due to the gravitational force of the moon, tides do not occur.
4. Today, many scammers are trying to cash in on the moon. They sell plots on the moon and give you a certificate stating that you have the right to populate several acres of lunar space. But even if the settlement of the moon begins, such a certificate will not have any legal force and will be considered invalid.
5. Due to the fact that there are no winds and humidity on the moon (no more than 0.1%), all the traces left decades ago, for example, the traces of astronauts, still remain on the moon. And these traces will remain there for millions of years if the Moon is not populated by that time.
6. A solar eclipse occurs in our lives quite often, but to catch a lunar eclipse where you are is almost impossible. Such a chance is given once every few hundred years.
7. Due to the fact that there is no atmosphere on the moon, day and night change instantly, i.e. there is no twilight.
8. The moon is slowly moving away from the earth. Every year it is removed, i.e. expands its orbit by 4 centimeters. Scientists have found that 4.6 billion years ago, the Moon was at a distance of 22,500 km from the Earth. Now this distance is 450,000 km.
9. As mentioned above, there is no moisture on the Moon and the soil there is absolutely dry, so nothing can grow there. But samples of lunar soil brought back to Earth show that lunar soil is quite suitable for growing plants.
10. The dark spots that we can see on the Moon are called Lunar Seas. In total there are 17 seas, 1 ocean (ocean of storms) and 4 bays. But despite this, as mentioned above, there is no water there and all these seas are empty. It used to be believed that there really were seas there, but later this version was refuted. The lunar seas were lowlands filled with basalt lava, but now that lava had long since solidified. By the way, Neil Armstrong, who first set foot on the surface of the moon, landed just on the surface of one of the seas, which was called the Sea of Tranquility.
11. After the members of the Apollo 11 crew arrived from the Moon to Earth, they had to go through customs. In the column "Declared cargo" were moon rocks and moon dust.
12. The crew of the Apollo 15 spacecraft in 1971 installed on the moon something like a monument to the dead astronauts, namely an aluminum figure in a spacesuit and a plate with the names of 14 dead astronauts. Among them was also our Yuri Gagarin.
CONVERSATIONS ABOUT THE MOON.
Target: Continue to acquaint children with space. To expand knowledge about the natural satellite of the Earth - the Moon. Fill up the children's vocabulary with new words on the topic. Cultivate curiosity, ingenuity, interest in space.
( material can be used in the classroom, during the morning, evening conversations).
The night comesShe ascends.Shines in the skyDarkness disperses.(Moon)
The moon is part of the solar system. It is constantly moving around the earth. For this, the Moon was even called the satellite of the Earth. What do you think the word satellite means?
(A person who, together with someone, makes a journey.)
figurative meaning
(What accompanies something comes along with something.)
The Earth attracts the Moon to itself, does not allow it to move away. The Moon is much smaller than the Sun and smaller than the Earth. The surface of the moon is covered with the finest sand, lunar dust.
The thing is, folks, there's no air on the moon at all. We all know that wind is the movement of air. If there was a wind on the moon, then these footprints ... Let's see what would happen to them. How can you create wind? That's right, blow. (Children blow, traces disappear) . Now let's look at the next leaf. Due to the fact that there is no wind on the moon, the traces of the astronauts will remain on it forever.
Also on the surface of the moon high mountains, much higher than on Earth (places plasticine mountains) on the layout and deep holes (craters). Such deep depressions not on earth. Scientists have found that they were formed from the fall of meteorites on the surface of the planet. Let's try to see how this happens.
An experience:
The teacher distributes stones to the children and says that they are meteorites. He proposes to reproduce the process of falling meteorites by throwing stones into a container with “moon dust” (sand or flour ). Pits are formed from falling stones.
On the moon, not only is there no air, but no water either. Think about whether living beings live there? Why?
Since the Moon attracts to its surface weaker than the Earth, then you could freely raise such a table on the Moon(points to a table or something). On the moon, without any extra effort, just jumping up, you could touch this ceiling with your hand. Also, just pushing off, they could jump in length by 10-20 m(from one wall of the room to another).
Do we always see the moon as a full circle? And the sun? Have you thought about why this happens? The sun, like a light bulb, itself emits light, and the moon only reflects the light of the sun.
Sometimes we don't see the moon at all in the sky. This kind of her is callednew moon
In a few days we already see the moon like this(places an image of the next lunar phase on the flannelgraph). A few more days later, this(places the image of a quarter of the growing moon). If you spenddown the dash so that the letter P is obtained, which means that now the moon is growing.
In the morning I see from the window
The early moon is in the sky.
To distinguish it for us
Need a semicircle
We put a wand
Get the letter R there.
After a while we see the moon like this(inserts an image of the full moon) This kind of moon is calledfull moon . Then the moon will decrease and after a while it will take on this form(puts on a flannelgraph an image of a quarter of the waning moon) . Then the Lunar disk will decrease again and, finally, it will take this form (places the image of the next phase of the moon). Only a crescent resembling the letter C will remain of the Moon. They say that the Moon is waning, getting old.
Floated across the sky Lunar crescent,
The sickle leaned in for damage.
And so from heaven
We got the letter S.
(G. Sapgir)
Faithful companion, decoration of nights,
Additional lighting.
Of course, we must confess:
It would be boring for the Earth without the Moon!
(R. Aldonina).
The Moon is the Earth's satellite. She shines brightly in the night sky. It can be observed even with the naked eye, and with small binoculars on the surface of the moon, you can see dark extended spots, which were called the seas.
Galileo was the first to discover mountains and plains on the Moon. He found out that the seas are plains of a darker shade than other areas, which they called the continents. There are many craters on the continents formed after the fall of meteorites.
Astronomers gave names to lunar ridges and mountain ranges. As on Earth, they called them the Apennines, the Caucasus, the Alps. The Ocean of Storms, the Sea of Crises, the Sea of Tranquility, the Sea of Rains appeared on the map of the Moon. The craters received the names of earthly scientists: Copernicus, Kepler, Tycho Brahe. Objects on the far side of the Moon, photographed by space probes, received the names of modern scientists and astronauts.
There is no water or air on the moon. During the day, the temperature reaches +120 degrees, at night - frost -170 degrees.
The moon shines because the sun illuminates it. From the Earth, we see it either round, or in the form of a sickle, sometimes it is not visible at all. We only see the part where the sun's rays fall.
How did the moon originate? There are three versions explaining the origin of our satellite. In the 19th century, astronomer George Darwin suggested that the Moon and Earth were at first one molten mass that broke into two pieces.
Other scientists have put forward the version that the Moon was originally an asteroid that was captured by the Earth's gravity and became its satellite. Domestic scientists headed by O.Yu. Schmidt in the middle of the 20th century developed the hypothesis that the Moon and the Earth were formed from a cloud of small particles.
PUZZLES.
Above the houses along the path.
Hanging piece of cake.
(Moon).
Above the grandmother's hut.
Hanging loaf of bread.
The dog is barking
And can't get it.
(Month).
In 1958, the first terrestrial apparatus, the Soviet Luna-1 probe, went to the Moon. He flew at a distance of 6 thousand kilometers from the surface of the moon. In September of the same year, Luna-2 made a hard landing on an earth satellite.
"Luna-17" and "Luna-21" delivered self-propelled vehicles to the Moon - lunar rovers, which were controlled from the Earth by radio. "Lunokhod-1" worked 11 lunar days(10.5 Earth months) and walked about 10 kilometers on the surface of the Moon, Lunokhod-2 covered about 37 kilometers in 5 months. Lunokhods photographed the surface, took soil samples, studied its chemical composition.
Of course, self-propelled vehicles on the Moon are a significant achievement of science. But the man wanted more - to step on the surface of the Earth's satellite himself. In 1962, the Americans began preparations for a manned flight to the moon. American designers have developed the best flight path to the Moon, flying around it and returning to Earth. On December 24, 1968, the Apollo 8 spacecraft, commanded by Frank Borman, reached the orbit of the moon and made 10 orbits around it.
In July 1969, the Saturn 5 rocket launched from Cape Canaveral, which launched Apollo 11 into Earth orbit. The ship's commander was Neil Armstrong. On July 19, Apollo 11 entered lunar orbit. Astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin boarded the Eagle Lunar Module and began their descent. At 21:00 CET, the astronauts landed on the Sea of Tranquility. Aldrin and Armstrong stepped onto the surface of the moon. It was the furthest human journey in space.
There on the moon, on the moon
On the blue boulder.
Lunar people look, do not take their eyes off,
Like over the moon, over the moon.
The ball is blue, the ball of the earth.
Very nice rise and fall!
(Yu. Mikhailov).
In total, 12 astronauts in six crews have visited the Moon. They brought to Earth to study more than 300 kilograms of lunar rock. In recent expeditions, astronauts traveled on the moon in four-wheeled electric vehicles. Apollo 17 became the last manned spacecraft to land on the moon
Radius of the Moon = 1,738 km
Semi-major axis of the orbit = 384,400 km
Orbital Lunar Period = 27.321661 days
Orbital eccentricity = 0.0549
Inclination of the Moon's orbit to the equator = 5.16
Temperature of the surface of the moon = from - 160 ° to + 120 ° C
Lunar day = 708 hours
Distance from Earth to Moon = 384400 km
Earth's only natural satellite.
The Romans called our companion the Moon, the Greeks - Selena.
The moon has been known since prehistoric times. It is the second brightest object in the sky after the Sun. Because the Moon orbits the Earth once a month, the angle between the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun changes; we observe this phenomenon as a cycle of lunar phases. The time period between successive new moons is 29.5 days (709 hours).
Due to its size and composition, the Moon is sometimes classified as a terrestrial planet along with Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
The Moon was first visited by the Soviet spacecraft Luna-2 in 1959. This is the only unearthly body that a person has visited. The first landing took place on July 20, 1969; the last one was in December 1972. The Moon is also the only celestial body whose samples have been brought to Earth.
Gravitational forces between the Earth and the Moon cause some interesting effects. The most obvious of these is the tides of the sea. The gravitational attraction of the Moon is stronger on the side of the Earth that is facing the Moon, and weaker on the opposite side. Therefore, the surface of the Earth, and especially the oceans, are stretched towards the Moon. If we looked at the Earth from the side, we would see two bulges, and both of them are directed towards the Moon, but are on opposite sides of the Earth. This effect is much stronger in ocean water than in solid crust, so the water bulges more. And since the Earth rotates much faster than the Moon moves in its orbit, moving the bulges around the Earth once a day gives two high tide points per day.
another side of the moon
Although the Moon rotates on its axis, it always faces the Earth with the same side. The fact is that the Moon makes one revolution around its axis in the same time (27.3 days) as one revolution around the Earth. And since the direction of both rotations coincides, it is impossible to see its opposite side from the Earth.For the first time, astronomers managed to look at the far side of the Moon in 1959, when the Soviet Luna-3 station flew over it and photographed a part of its surface invisible from the Earth. The far side of the moon is an ideal place for an astronomical observatory. Optical telescopes placed here would not have to break through the dense earth's atmosphere. And for radio telescopes, the Moon would serve as a natural shield of solid rocks 3500 km thick, which would reliably cover them from any radio interference from the Earth.
The thickness of the Moon's crust averages 68 km, varying from 0 km under the lunar sea Crisium to 107 km in the northern part of the Queen crater on the far side. Beneath the crust is a mantle and possibly a small core (approximately 340 km in radius and 2% of the mass of the Moon). Unlike the Earth's mantle, the Moon's mantle is only partially molten. Curiously, the center of mass of the moon is located about 2 km from geometric center towards the earth. On the side facing the Earth, the crust is thinner.
Surface of the Moon
The surface of the Moon can be divided into two types: very old highlands with many volcanoes and relatively smooth and younger lunar seas. The lunar seas, which make up approximately 16% of the entire surface of the moon, are huge impact craters. celestial bodies, which were later flooded with liquid lava. Much of the surface is covered in regolith, a mixture of fine dust and rocky debris emanating from meteor impacts. For some unknown reason, the lunar seas are concentrated on the side facing us.Most of the craters on the side facing us are named after famous people in the history of science, such as Tycho Brahe, Copernicus, and Ptolemy. Landscape features on the reverse side have more modern titles such as Apollo, Gagarin and Korolev are mostly Russian names, since the first pictures were taken by the Soviet spacecraft Luna-3. In addition to these features, on the far side of the Moon is a huge basin of craters measuring 2250 km in diameter and 12 km deep - this is the largest impact basin in solar system, and Orientale in the western part of the visible side (it can be seen from the Earth; in the picture on the right - in the center), which is an excellent example of a multi-ring crater.
How did the moon appear
Before Apollo collected the samples, scientists knew nothing about when and how the Moon formed. There were three principal theories: the Moon and Earth formed at the same time from the Solar Nebula; The moon broke away from the earth; The moon formed elsewhere and was subsequently captured by the Earth. But new and detailed information, obtained by studying samples from the Moon in detail, led to the following theory: the Earth collided with a very large object (as large as Mars, or even more) and the Moon was formed from the material knocked out by this collision. There are still details that need to be worked out, but it is this collision theory that is widely accepted today.The moon has no magnetic field. But some of the rocks on its surface exhibit residual magnetism, indicating that the Moon may have had a magnetic field in early history.
With no atmosphere or magnetic field, the Moon's surface is directly affected by the solar wind. Over the course of 4 billion years, hydrogen ions from the solar wind were embedded in the Moon's regolith. Thus, the regolith samples delivered by Apollo proved to be very valuable for the study of the solar wind. This lunar hydrogen could also be used as rocket fuel someday.
The moon is closest to us cosmic body, the most visible object in the night sky. It is not surprising that it is also the most studied and the only one on the surface of which a human foot has set foot. However, it cannot be said that everything is known about the Moon. She still hasn't revealed some of her secrets. Some interesting facts about the Moon have a generally accepted explanation, but periodically receive an alternative interpretation.
Characteristics of the night light
The moon is the only satellite of our planet. It makes one revolution around the Earth in about 27.32 days. In this case, the satellite orbit has a somewhat elongated shape. The average distance that separates us from the night star is a little less than 400 thousand kilometers. The most significant facts about the moon for children are, perhaps, the change of phases and the fact that you can fly to it. Adult amateur astronomers of all times and peoples were interested in its origin, influence on the weather of the Earth and on the fate of people.
Legends of the Moon
The satellite of the Earth is the hero of many myths. Some of them explain the appearance of the Moon in the sky, the other tells what caused the phase change. Almost all peoples, among others, honored the personification of the moon, god or goddess. In Greek mythology, it was primarily Selene, whose name was subsequently given to the science that studies the Earth's satellite (selenology).
Legends about the moon, explaining why it is either full or turns into a month, were often associated with tragic events shining in life. Among the Balts, the formidable thunder god Perkunas punished the Moon for betraying the beautiful Sun, cutting it into pieces. In Siberia, a myth is known about how the night star descended to Earth and was caught by an evil sorceress. The sun tried to snatch the moon from the hands of the witch, but as a result it was torn into two parts.
There were also numerous plots that explained the well-marked spots on the face of the luminary. For some peoples, this is a man exiled as a punishment, for others, a beast living on the moon.
An amazing coincidence
Many legends explain solar eclipses. Today, when listing interesting facts about the Moon, its role in this phenomenon is often omitted as well-known. Nevertheless, it is the eclipse that clearly demonstrates one curious moment: the combination of the distance from the Sun to the Moon and from the night star to the Earth and the size of the Moon seem to be specially selected. If the incarnation of the ancient Greek Selena is located a little further or closer, or if its size were different, we would either not know what a total eclipse is, or we would not be able to admire the solar corona. The moon "hangs" in such a way that the daylight is periodically completely placed behind it, showing only a beautiful frame.
Moreover, the numerical values of the parameters are also surprising: the distance from the Earth to the Moon is, as already noted, about 400 thousand kilometers, and this is 400 times less than to the Sun, and the night luminary itself is also 400 times smaller than the daytime one. These facts about the moon are often used as evidence for the theory of its artificial origin.
Hypothesis
A similar opinion was expressed by Mikhail Vasin and Soviet scientists in the 1960s. They supported their theory with information that all the craters, covering the surface of the satellite in a huge number, with different areas, have approximately the same depth - no more than three kilometers. This may be due to the presence of a solid structure located under the surface of the night star.
Today, in various articles on the web, the hypothesis of the artificial origin of the satellite is included in a list called " Secret Facts about the moon." However, the generally accepted this moment is considered a theory suggesting an "earthly beginning". According to her, about 4.5 billion years ago, our planet collided with space object, similar in size to Mars. He knocked out a piece of matter, which later became a satellite. However, the final point has not yet been made in the dispute: the available information is not yet enough to confidently assert that everything happened in this way.
colorful
One of the American astronauts, for the first time looking at the moon from the porthole spaceship compared its surface to sand on a dirty beach. From the Earth, the satellite does not look so dull. Interesting facts about the moon are also related to its visible color.
Most of the time, the month is painted in ash gray, but there are cases in history when a blue moon appeared in the sky. Color is associated with the appearance of an additional "filter" that prevents the passage of light rays. This is possible during extensive fires or volcanic eruptions. Large particles compared to air molecules allow light waves to scatter, along their length corresponding to the blue color and its shades. Such a case was recorded in 1950, when, as a result of a fire on peat bogs over Albert (province in Canada), the Moon, painted in blue, hung.
two full moons
The expression "blue moon" has another meaning. Since the night star goes through all the phases in less than 28 days, sometimes two full moons fall in one month. The second one was called the "blue moon". The phenomenon is observed a little less than once every 2.72 years. The next one will be in July 2015: the first full moon is on the 2nd, and the blue moon is on the 31st.
Bloody
The most interesting thing about the Moon and its color in the coming year can be found out by looking at the sky on April 4 and September 28. These days will rise blood moon. The satellite acquires such an ominous shade due to the refraction of the rays of the Sun in the Earth's atmosphere. The glow of the moon, in principle, is always the reflected radiation of the daylight. The difference these days is that the full moon coincides with sunset or sunrise. Red - the same color, "dressed" in which the daylight appears before us, falling below the horizon or rising above it.
reflected twice
Another phenomenon, not uncommon, but interesting, is connected with the emitted light. Everyone has known about the Moon since childhood: it successively goes through 4 phases and only in one of them, on the full moon, you can admire the fully illuminated satellite. However, it also happens that a month hangs in the sky, and the entire disk is visible and sometimes quite clearly. This is the so-called ashen light of the moon. The phenomenon occurs either some time before the new moon, or shortly after it. The satellite, illuminated only in a small part, is nevertheless completely visible, since part sunlight first dissipates in earth's atmosphere, then falls on the surface of the moon, and then again reflected on our planet.
According to the features of the ashy light of the satellite, forecasts are made about changes in weather conditions. The possibility of predictions exists due to the connection optical phenomenon with the nature of cloudiness on that part of the Earth, which is currently illuminated by the Sun. On the European territory In Russia, bright ashy light, which is the result of reflections of rays from cyclonic activity in the Atlantic, portends precipitation in about a week.
On and on
Interesting facts about the Moon are not limited to optical phenomena. Another curious point is connected with its remoteness from the Earth. The satellite is getting further and further away from our planet every year. For twelve months, the distance increases by 4 cm. The removal of the satellite is a consequence of the gravitational-tidal interaction between it and our planet. The moon, as you know, causes tides on Earth, not only on the water, but also in the crust, less noticeable in amplitude, but with a much longer wavelength. They, in turn, affect the satellite: due to some features of our planet, the tidal waves around its axis are somewhat ahead of the satellite. As a result, everything that is contained in such waves affects the movement of the satellite, attracting it and forcing it to revolve around the planet faster. This is the reason for the change in its distance from the Earth.
Bright memory
There was a time when scientists, due to lack of data, had little understanding unknown facts of that period ceased to be a secret thanks to successful flights spacecraft with astronauts on board. However, those studying the satellite were not always lucky. Part of the astronauts died in the process of preparing for flights. They installed a tiny monument on the Moon only 8 cm high. It is accompanied by a list of all the astronauts who gave their lives in the name of science.
Eternity
Both this monument and the traces of astronauts who walked on the surface of the Moon, as well as a photo of relatives left by one of the crew members, will remain intact on the Moon for many centuries. The satellite of our planet has no atmosphere, there is no wind and water. Nothing can lead to the rapid transformation of traces of human presence into dust.
Near future
NASA is making ambitious plans for the development of the satellite. In 2010, the Avatar project appeared, involving the creation of special robots equipped with a human telepresence function. If the project is implemented, scientists will not need to fly to the moon. To study its features, it will be enough to put on a special remote presence suit, and all the necessary manipulations will be performed by a robot delivered to the satellite.
Earth view
The moon is always turned to us with the same side. The reason for this is the synchronization of the movement of the satellite in orbit and its rotation around the Earth. One of the most memorable sights that the American astronauts saw when they stepped on the surface of the Moon was the view of the Earth. Our planet occupies a significant part of the satellite's sky. Moreover, the Earth hangs motionless, always in the same place, but one or the other side of it is visible. Over time, as a result of the same gravitational-tidal interaction, the rotation of our planet around its axis is synchronized with the movement of the Moon in orbit. The satellite will “hang”, stop moving across the sky, the Earth will “look” at it with only one side. At the same time, the distance separating the two cosmic bodies will cease to increase.
These are 10 interesting facts about the moon. The list, however, is not exhaustive. Reappeared in last years interest in the satellite will still bear fruit, and the already available facts about the Moon, partially mentioned in the article, will be replenished.
It is likely that one of them will be a base on the moon, which is planned to be created for the development of minerals, monitoring earth processes and, of course, the satellite itself.
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