In the Southwest Pacific
The next operation of the fast aircraft carriers was a series of attacks on Japanese airfields in the Caroline Islands to eliminate any attempt to resist the landing at the port of Hollandia in New Guinea, located 700 miles south of the archipelago. In this operation, Lexington again entered the battle. He completed repairs to torpedo damage on the Gilbert Islands. An aircraft carrier en route to the South Pacific, along with 2 fast battleships and 4 destroyers, attacked Miley Atoll in the Marshall Islands on March 18. It was a good training session for Lexington and the rest of the ships, but the Japanese fought back and the battleship Iowa was hit by a 2 - 152 mm round.
Following Mile's attack, Lexington joined Task Force 58 at a forward base in Majuro Lagoon. On March 22, Task Force 58 departed from Majuro under the command of the now Vice Admiral Mitcher. He headed for the Palau Islands, located in the western part of the Caroline Islands. Mitcher had 11 carriers with strong cover. After the American carrier raid on Truk, part of the United Fleet's forces were based on Palau. It was this, as well as the American landing in Hollandia, that forced the American aircraft carriers to go west much further than they had previously done. With heavy fighting expected, the carriers had 6 fast battleships and many more cruisers and destroyers as cover than ever before. Several groups of tankers with cover ships were deployed at sea to refuel the ships of Task Force 58.
Japanese aircraft found the American fleet 3 days after leaving, and at night several torpedo bombers attacked it. No one american ship received no damage, but some of the enemy aircraft were shot down. While carrier fighters were clearing the airspace over Palau, 3 squadrons of torpedo bombers placed 78 mines on the approaches to the main harbor. (This was the first time an aircraft carrier had planted mines.) 36 Japanese ships in Palau harbor were sunk by American dive bombers and torpedo bombers. An old destroyer and a repair ship outside the harbor were also destroyed. In just a day and a half of air attacks, 2 old destroyers, 4 submarine hunters, two dozen merchant ships were sunk. 157 Japanese aircraft were destroyed in the air and on the ground. American losses totaled 25 aircraft. Carrier planes also attacked the nearby islands of Yap and Voleai, but found few targets worthy of attention there. Low clouds helped Task Force 58 avoid enemy detection when returning to Majuro after the Palau attack.
The Japanese United Fleet left Palau on the eve of the attack, fearing just such a raid. However, the strike achieved its goal, reducing resistance to Allied amphibious operations in New Guinea. Task Force 58 then took over the direct support of the US Army landing. On 13 April, Vice Admiral Mitcher withdrew 5 squadron and 7 light aircraft carriers from Majuro: Task Force 58.2 - Bunker Hill, Yorktown, Cabot and Monterey; Task Force 58.3 - Enterprise, Lexington, Langley and Princeton; Task Force 58.1 - Hornet, Belleau Wood, Cowpenes and Bataan (CVL-29), for whom this was their first combat mission. Starting April 21, for 4 days, Task Force 58 aircraft bombed and escort ships fired at Japanese bases in the New Guinea region. Army bombers had already inflicted a series of heavy blows on the Japanese, so not a single fighter went up to meet the carrier planes. Only a few planes occasionally tried to attack aircraft carriers, but they were easily driven away, and more often shot down. Japanese anti-aircraft fire and operational losses cost Mitcher 21 aircraft and 12 pilots who died in those 4 days. Direct support of troops and PLO troop transports was provided by 8 escort aircraft carriers: "Shenango", "Coral Sea", "Corregidor", "Manila Bay", "Netoma Bay", "Sengamon", "Senti", "Swoni".
On their return to Majuro, the ships of Task Force 58 struck again at Truk. In 2 days, carrier aircraft destroyed 59 Japanese aircraft in the air and 34 on the ground. The Americans lost 27 aircraft in battles and 9 in accidents. Again, most of the downed pilots were rescued by seaplanes from cruisers and battleships. Submarines deployed around the atoll in advance also took part in the rescue work. The submarine "Teng" was especially distinguished by rescuing 22 people, including the crew of a seaplane that capsized on a strong wave.
Aircraft from the light aircraft carrier Monterey and 2 destroyers sank a Japanese submarine. In addition, several small ships were sunk on Truk.
After Truk's attack, the fast aircraft carriers received 6 weeks of rest, according to at least- Most of them. For the first 2 months of 1944, the old Saratoga operated in the center of the Pacific Ocean as part of Task Force 58. After that, the Saratoga separated from Mitcher's armada and headed to Australia together with 3 destroyers. 4 ships circled the Australian continent and arrived in Perth on March 20. After a one-day stay, they went out into the Indian Ocean. There, on March 27, the Saratoga and her destroyers met with Sir James Somerville's British Eastern Fleet. On March 31, the Saratoga with escort ships arrived in Trincomalee.
During the first 4.5 years of the war, the British used their aircraft carriers exclusively as defensive weapons. They supported the actions of the troops on the coast, hunted for submarines, covered the most important convoys. Even the attack by the Italian fleet in Taranto was a strategically defensive attempt to create favorable conditions for British ships operating in the Mediterranean. Now, at last, the British carrier fleet has gone on the offensive. The Eastern Fleet had only one aircraft carrier, the Illastries. For various reasons, both political and military, the Allied High Command wanted the British to begin offensive operations against the Japanese. Therefore, "Saratoga" and was transferred to the Eastern Fleet.
Before starting active operations, "Illastries" had to carry out long intensive training. Although the British aircraft carrier performed excellently in the Mediterranean, this was not enough for the Pacific. Its air group (about 50 aircraft) was very small by American criteria. It consisted of F4U Corsair fighters and Barracuda bombers. The Saratoga fighter squadrons flew Corsairs before transferring to the F6F Hellcats, so the Saratoga pilots worked well with the British. However, the Barracuda was a poor partner for the American bomber squadrons flying SBD Dountless and TVM Avengers (an improved version of the TBF). The Barracuda plane not only looked awkward, it was awkward. When the first Barracuda boarded the Saratoga, one American officer involuntarily exclaimed, “My God! Limes will start building planes soon! "
Training of the two aircraft carriers continued until mid-April 1944. Finally, on April 16, Admiral Somerville brought his Task Force 70 to sea. It was probably the most international formation in history. St. George's flag, except for Illastries, was flown on 2 battleships, 1 battle cruiser, 4 cruisers and 7 destroyers. The compound consisted of 1 French battleship, a Dutch light cruiser and destroyer, a New Zealand light cruiser, and 4 Australian destroyers. Saratoga and 3 destroyers carried Stars and Stripes. In total, under the command of Somerville were 27 ships of 6 nations.
Task Force 70 was to strike at the port of Sabang on the northwestern tip of Sumatra. The port had excellent docks and a large oil storage facility. He was a key link in the fuel supply system of the Japanese fleet and aviation. Before dawn on April 19, Task Force 70 arrived at the take-off point 115 miles from Sabang. At 5.30 am, aircraft carriers began to lift their planes. 13 Corsairs took off from Illastries, 24 Hellcat from Saratoga. Then the bombers started: 17 Barracudas, 18 Downless, 11 Avengers. At about 7.00, these 83 aircraft were over the target. The Japanese were taken by surprise, and the bombings were their first warning of an attack. 8 Hellcats flew over Sumatra to bombard the discovered airfields and destroyed 3 Japanese aircraft on the ground. Another 21 aircraft were destroyed at the Sabang airfield. More importantly, the planes destroyed 3 of the 4 large oil tanks and severely damaged the docks. There were very few ships in the harbor, but one small transport was sunk by bombs, and the other was washed ashore. The only loss of the allies was the shot down fighter from the Saratoga. The pilot jumped out of the burning plane with a parachute and sank into the sea. The rest of the Hellcats remained behind to cover it from the air, and several planes flew in search of a British submarine dedicated to rescue operations. The submarine's radio operated at a different frequency than the radio of the fighters, so the pilots directed the submarine towards the downed pilot, signaling it with their hands. When she approached the inflatable raft, she was fired upon by the Japanese coastal batteries. However, the fighters quickly silenced them with machine-gun fire, and the submarine picked up the pilot.
The only Japanese attempt to counteract the raid was weak anti-aircraft fire. During day 3, the Keits attempted to attack the carriers, but were quickly destroyed by the Air Patrol's Hellcats.
Saratoga had already received orders to return to the United States, but the attack was so successful that the US Navy's chief of staff suggested another raid along the way.
Multinational Task Force 70 went to sea again. In the time since Sabang's attack, one important change has taken place. Illastries replaced their Barracudas with American-built TBF Avengers.
This time, the target of the operation was Surabaya, located on the northeastern coast of Java. Again, the compound approached the take-off point, unnoticed by the Japanese. On May 17 at 6:30, when the ships were 130 miles from Surabaya (and 90 miles off the southern coast of Java), 40 Hellcats and Corsairs, as well as 45 Avengers and Downtlesss, took off from aircraft carriers. The main target of the raid was the only oil refinery in Java. It was also planned to attack an engineering plant that produced aircraft parts and port facilities. Again, the raid was a success. All targets were seriously damaged, and there was no resistance in the air. The attackers lost 1 Avenger from Saratogi (3 crew members were captured by the Japanese). 2 Japanese aircraft were shot down in the air and 21 were destroyed on the ground. 1 small merchant ship was sunk.
Task Force 70 took in all of its aircraft, except for the ill-fated VM, and walked away without hindrance. The next day Saratoga and 3 escort destroyers parted with the allies and headed for Pearl Harbor. The Eastern Fleet returned to Ceylon.
Two raids of Saratoga and Illastries woke up the Japanese, who were peacefully dozing in the East Indies. A blow was dealt to Japan's oil supply system. At the same time, these attacks distracted the enemy's attention from the central part of the Pacific Ocean, where a new campaign began - on the Mariana Islands.
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In the past, there were many ravines, hollows and gullies on the territory of the Okrug, which were almost closed by their upper reaches. Their occurrence was favored by high altitude and easily eroded soils. Particularly relief was the area in the north of the district, near the deep valley of the Moskva River. The depth of the ravines here reached more than 30 meters. Now most of them are filled up and built up. But, basically, the landscape has been preserved here as our ancestors saw it many hundreds of years ago. Unless the forests have become smaller, and small rivers, of which there were a great many, have disappeared from the face of the earth. Well, and of course, new micro-districts have appeared here, built up over the course of one or two decades on the site of squalid village houses. Despite all this, blown by the winds and surrounded by forest parks, the South-West is considered one of the cleanest districts of the capital.
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Many thousands of years ago, these places were completely occupied by forests. After the climate warmed, these forests began to be populated by farmers, gradually settling into arable land and settlements. In selected forest areas, trees were cut down, allowed to dry on the spot, and then burned. The fire freed the area from vegetation and worked the land; besides, the ash was a good fertilizer. The natural fertility of the soil did not matter.
Such a site was enough for two or three years, then the land was depleted, and it was abandoned. As a result, there are almost no primary forests in the Moscow Territory, as well as scorched lands suitable for arable land. Therefore, about two thousand years ago, more fertile soils began to be selected for plowing. The selected areas were carefully cleared from the forest. First, they burned out, and then uprooted the stumps. And this is a very laborious job. Therefore, such lands were valued and used for a long time. The plots were small and located on the slopes of the slopes of river valleys. The places were not chosen by chance: in the spring such soils dry out quickly, warm up, and before the "cold" low-lying lands are ready for sowing. The difference in terms of "ripening" between such "cold" and "warm" soils of the Teplostan Upland is up to three to four weeks. This is very important for the harsh conditions of the Moscow region, because the sun's heat is barely enough for the ripening of the crop. And sharp temperature changes, especially severe winter frosts, are not as pronounced here as in the rest of the lower part of the capital: it is warmer here, cold air masses do not stagnate and the territory is well ventilated. At the same time, in dry years, a sufficient amount of moisture was retained on such arable land.
The Slavs who came here about two thousand years ago, who were mainly farmers, singled out these lands as the most fertile in comparison with coniferous forests left bank of the Moskva River. They brought with them new, more sophisticated tools. Instead of bulls, the new owners of these lands use horses as a draft force. Winter rye appears among cultivated plants. For the first time, a three-field field is being developed here (one field under spring crops, the second under winter crops, the third under fallow - free). The most fertile lands are selected for arable land - all this frees the peasants from "attachment" to the river valleys and allows them to develop the interfluves, which form the basis of the territories of the Southwestern District.
Intensive uprooting of forests has led to the fact that in upper parts the slopes of the soil began to wash away, and in the lower parts and at the foot of the slopes - to wash out. It is possible that even then ravines began to grow actively. Although still in X-XII centuries most of the district's territory was under forest. During the period of rapid population growth in the immediate vicinity of Moscow, the forest is gradually beginning to lose ground. And only to XVII century plowed and populated land became absolutely predominant in the South-West.
Forest parks
Despite such rapid destruction of forests and the use of land for arable land, this area can rightfully be called the greenest in Moscow. Our district is surrounded by a whole necklace of parks. Bitsevsky from the north-east, Yasenevsky and Olympic parks from the south, smoothly flowing into Teplostansky and Troparevsky from the south-west, the relatively small Vorontsovsky and Park of the 50th anniversary of October from the west and even from the north, from the center, there are the forest complex of Vorobyovy Gory and Boring Garden.
The largest and most famous among them is, of course, the Bitsevsky forest park - a natural monument of urban significance, because of which the Southwest is called the "lungs of the capital". The territory of the park is distinguished by the greatest antiquity of the relief and is therefore a specially protected natural area.
Olimpiyskiy and Yasenevskiy parks, located to the south, are part of the Bitsevskiy Les natural park, and together they form the second largest natural zone in Moscow after Losiny Ostrov.
On the territory of the Olympic Park, there are several natural monuments: Here originate the Chertanovka River, flowing along the bottom of a deep ravine, and Dubinskaya, whose valley is one of the least disturbed river valleys in Moscow. There are fontanelles with good drinking water. Here is the Uzkoye estate, one of the few that has been almost completely preserved not only in the district, but throughout Moscow.
In the depths of the park, there is the largest dry meadow in the capital - Lysaya Gora, where some species of rare herbaceous plants grow. And only in this corner of the capital there have been preserved real aspen forests at the age of 55-60 years. On the territory of the park there is a large equestrian sports complex and a cynological center, the Paleontological Museum.
Yasenevsky forest park is located a little to the south, in the deeply cut valleys of the Bitsa and partly Gorodnya rivers. Here are two of the best-preserved estates in the South-West: Yasenevo - the oldest estate in the district - and the estate of the Trubetskoy Znamenskie Sadki - called the "literary nest". And the very valley of the small river Bitsa (Abitsy, as it is called on old maps), a tributary of the Pakhra, is a natural monument.
It is here that the only spruce forest in Moscow, preserved since 1904, is located. For comparison - average age trees of this, and other parks in the south of Moscow is "only" 60 years old. The most venerable of the Ash trees are represented by a hundred-year-old high-stemmed and eighty-three-year-old coppice low-stemmed oaks. And in the vicinity of the estate Znamenskoye-Sadki grows a real "drill" pine forest. Not far from the Yasenevo estate there is a spring with the purest drinking water, which is very popular with the residents of Yasenevo and neighboring Chertanovo. Here, as well as throughout the territory of the district, ancient burial mounds have been preserved.
A walk along the Gorodnya river with its steep slopes teeming with rare plants, including medicinal, decorative, fodder, honey plants, can be no less interesting.
The name Troparevsky Park is no less well known in Moscow. Although here it is necessary to clarify the following. In the old-fashioned way Troparevsky is usually called a landscape reserve " Teply Stan"(this is its official name), on the territory of which the Troparevo recreation area is located. Indeed, earlier this entire forest area was called Troparevsky, as it belonged to the village of Troparev. Now what is called the Troparevsky forest park is located a little to the west, along the Moscow Ring Road, between Vostryakovsky cemetery, Ozernaya Street and Leninsky Prospekt.In the northeast, the forest park turns into a park founded in 1961 on the site of the Novodevichy Monastery gardens, which owned the village of Troparevo. a river flowing into the Ochakovka river.
Now Teplostansky forest park is a territory located east of Troparevsky, between the 9th microdistrict (Bakuleva street), and the rest of Teply Stan. On the southwestern outskirts of the Teplostansky forest park, almost at the Tyoply Stan metro station, there is the source of the Ochakovka river, which crosses the park, receiving several tributaries flowing along numerous deeply cut beams. A large pond was created on the river, on the banks of which the Troparevo recreation area was created. In the northeastern part of the forest park, meadows have been preserved over large areas. Here, on the very outskirts of the forest, not far from the old Kaluga road, there is a spring, according to legend, consecrated by Sergius of Radonezh himself. A chapel is built over the spring, which is now depicted on the coat of arms of Teply Stan. On hot days, and not only, residents of neighboring neighborhoods line up with holy spring water.
Modernity
Of course, not much remains of the former dense forests. Nevertheless, much has been preserved. Indeed, until the beginning of the mass development of these lands in the 1950s-1960s, there was practically no industrial growth; the only one took place here - Paveletskaya - Railway... And therefore, the surrounding places retained a rural lifestyle even decades after October revolution.
The first urban residential buildings on the territory of the then Leninsky District of the Moscow Region appeared already in the late 1940s. It was at this time that the development of the southwestern territories along the Kaluga road began. Two-story houses, usual for the city outskirts, were built. Some of them have survived to this day at the Akademicheskaya metro station, on Profsoyuznaya, Dmitry Ulyanov and some others streets. Thus, Moscow stepped over its borders and began to settle in the Southwestern lands, while still settling down on inconveniences, next to villages. In retrospect, after the start of construction, this small area was officially included in the Oktyabrsky district of the capital. Beginning in 1950, taller buildings began to be erected in the area of the modern metro stations "Akademicheskaya" and "Profsoyuznaya".
The South-West Administrative District is an example of a successful combination of a number of favorable conditions that make it a desirable habitat for many potential and real Muscovites. All kinds of ratings unconditionally give South-West Administrative District the third place among the most prestigious districts. And real estate prices in the district have long and consistently been the highest (naturally, after the "capital of Moscow" - the Central District).
The South-West Administrative District occupies a little more than 10% of the area of Moscow (not taking into account the new brainchild of the authorities - the Moscow expansion project). According to the 2010 Census, 1.36 million people live in the district, but in reality - many more than 1.5 million. The district originates from Gagarin Square, recognizable by many for the famous monument dedicated to the flight of the first man into space. A huge titanium monument to Yuri Gagarin greets everyone traveling to the center of Moscow along Leninsky Prospekt. At the same place, back in 1961, an excited crowd of Gagarin himself, who returned from space with a victory throughout the country, was greeted by an excited crowd. True, not everyone can unmistakably identify the first cosmonaut of the planet in a titanium giant, therefore, in youth circles, far from history and close to Hollywood, the monument bears the nickname "transformer".
From Gagarin Square, the district stretches south along Leninsky Prospekt, Profsoyuznaya Street and Sevastopolsky Prospekt, going far beyond the Moscow Ring Road in the Severnoye and Yuzhnoye Butovo regions. In total, there are 12 districts in the district, which occupy an area of 112 sq. km. Despite the very high population density (12 thousand people per sq. Km), traffic jams are not a headache for residents, thanks to a well-designed road network. First, there are more roads than in other districts. Secondly, they are located parallel-perpendicular to each other, which makes it possible to "sew" the territory of residential quarters with a dense road web.
This is just one of the know-how of the Southwestern District. Add to this a successful wind rose, thanks to which the district regularly receives an influx of fresh air from the Moscow region. As well as the lack of industrial production, excellent infrastructure, high cultural level of the population, good availability of metro stations. And you get an almost heavenly place in terms of the harsh conditions of a modern metropolis. Therefore, the desire of many wealthy and not so citizens to settle in the South-West Administrative District is understandable.
The Southwest District is the most "scientific" in the capital: it houses the Russian Academy of Sciences, more than 160 research institutes, half of which are RAS institutes, and 8 well-known metropolitan universities (and their total number is 58). Thus, the average IQ of the Okrug residents is significantly higher than the average Moscow indicators. This affects primarily common culture population and the relative cleanliness of the courtyard areas, many of which are simply exemplary.
The architectural appearance of the district deserves special attention. Let's start with the fact that the South-West Administrative District is one of the five Moscow districts where elite residential complexes and DeLuxe level club houses are located. In addition to premium housing, the area is full of simpler options for those who love to live beautifully. For example, the highest residential complex in South-West Administrative District "Well House" with a swimming pool, a fitness center, a bank branch and a helipad.
If about ordinary citizens ... The most distant region of Yuzhnoye Butovo, which can be called an exemplary sleeping area of the XXI century, is being actively developed. It combines a wide choice of housing from economy to business class, excellent ecology, excellent infrastructure and the absence of transport problems. And on the territory of the already formed districts of the district, there are also enough houses, but mainly by the method of infill development. And, despite the large number of Khrushchev houses, many of which are being demolished, modern housing predominates, so the district as a whole has an attractive urban appearance.
Since July 2012, the southern border of the district is no longer the outskirts of the capital: according to the Moscow expansion plan, two new districts have appeared in the south-west beyond the Moscow Ring Road. In particular, in the south, the South-West Administrative District is now bordered by the Novomoskovsk Administrative District, which until recently was a suburb. As a result of this yet another large-scale experiment, many residents of the Moscow Region woke up one morning as Muscovites. What consequences await the Southwestern District and the entire capital as a result, nobody knows, even if we assume that the reformers were driven by good intentions (which many doubt). But people, more than once trained by the authorities for survival, habitually prepare for the worst scenario. For example, one of the concerns is the planned transformation of Leninsky Prospekt into a high-speed highway, which will greatly affect the ecology of the district, and the residential areas adjacent to the highway will gradually begin to turn into slums.
District ecology
Taking into account the rapidly growing interest of the population in the ecology of their habitats, the favorable ecological situation of the South-Western District is its main trump card. The reason for this is several factors at once.
- Forests. On the territory of the South-West Administrative District there are quite large natural and artificial green spaces. Together, they cover an area of over 30 square meters. km, which is one third of its entire territory. Among them - the second largest in Moscow Bitsevsky forest park, the eastern part of the Troparevsky nature reserve, Vorontsovsky park, Butovsky forest and others. Let's not forget about gardening of courtyards, many of whose houses are practically buried in foliage. For this, the South-West District is called the "green lungs" of Moscow. True, this is mainly the opinion of the locals themselves.
- Climate and topography. From the point of view of geography, the district occupies the most advantageous position. Throughout the year, winds of the southwestern direction prevail in Moscow, which means constant clean air from the forest-park zone. The entire district is located on a hill, and in the Teply Stan metro area there is generally the highest point in Moscow. Thanks to this, the atmosphere of the district is regularly “blown through”, self-cleaning takes place. Indeed, in terms of the percentage of dust in the air, the district is the cleanest in the capital. Of course, it is far from the resort climate, but the content of the main harmful substances is within the limits of permissible concentrations.
- Freedom from industry. There are practically no industrial enterprises on the territory of the district, so there is no one to spoil the atmosphere either. The main pollution threats come from CHPP-20, Butovo Asphalt Concrete Plant, and Cheryomushki Confectionery Plant. And the numerous research and production associations located in the district do not particularly smoke the air.
Motor vehicles have a key negative impact on the district's ecology. Risk zones are residential quarters located in close proximity to the main lines of the district: Leninsky, Sevastopolsky, Nakhimovsky avenues, Profsoyuznaya street, Vernadsky avenue, where the excess of permissible concentrations of harmful substances is noted. However, the harmful effect of emissions is practically absent at a height of several tens of meters, therefore, apartments on the upper floors of high-rise buildings (there are enough of them along the avenues) are considered the most preferable from the point of view of ecology.
The districts located closer to the center (Gagarinsky, Akademichesky, Kotlovka) have a greater degree of pollution compared to remote districts. The areas of Yasenevo and Teply Stan also experience an increased acoustic load, as alternate landing routes of Vnukovo airport pass above them.
County population
The social composition of the modern inhabitants of the district began to form even from the moment of the development of the southwestern suburbs of Moscow. Already in 1935, according to the General Plan of Moscow, the south-western direction became a priority for the development of urban lands. Basically, research institutes and research and production complexes were built. The party decided to localize the entire scientific thought of the country in a separate area. Even the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (today - RAS) was relocated from the Leningrad Kunstkamera to Leninsky Prospekt in Moscow, along with the scientific cream of the society of that time.
The main development of the territories of the future Southwestern District was carried out in the Khrushchev-Brezhnev era. In the 1950s-80s, the scientific vector of development of the territories was preserved, and apartments in new buildings were received mainly by employees. scientific institutions different profiles. The first districts of the South-West Administrative District - Gagarinsky and Akademichesky - were inhabited by the professorial elite of research institutes and universities, and in the young districts, the scientific intelligentsia predominated. All this had a positive effect on the moral and educational image of the district's residents, and in Moscow its contingent is considered very trustworthy.
However, there were some exceptions: the population of the Konkovo district slightly spoiled the general well-being of the district. The large fair "Konkovo" attracts groups of people of non-Slavic nationality who are known for deviant behavior to the area for permanent residence. As a result, the Konkovo area is more dangerous for living, which is confirmed by the leading indicators of street crime in the district. Also, an increased congestion of guests from the east is noted near the Teply Stan metro station: in the shopping and entertainment complex "Prince Plaza" and on the back side, at the grocery market. Therefore, many residents of Teply Stan bypass not only the market, but also a modern shopping center.
According to the statistics of the registry office of Moscow, the total number of the working population of the district is 60%, pensioners - 27%, which is within the framework of the all-Russian indicators. The birth rate slightly exceeds the death rate, and the most common names are Artyom and Maria. It should be noted that living in the South-West Administrative District is very attractive for young families with children. First of all, it has a well-developed infrastructure: from playgrounds and townships to clinics, schools and recreational areas. As well as the "cleanliness" of the territories, favorable ecology and a relatively calm crime situation. And if you manage to get an apartment somewhere in a quiet green area and not call your son Artyom, then we can assume that life is a success.
District districts
South-West Administrative District is a fairly mature, long-established district. It includes 12 districts, of which only North and South Butovo are young. The district has a very high population density, especially in areas adjacent to the center. However, new residents are drawn to the district in an endless stream, the tightness and high housing prices are not a hindrance. And demand creates supply, so the district, as it was half a century ago, remains the main construction site in Moscow today.
Gagarinsky district
The oldest district of the South-West Administrative District and one of the most prestigious in Moscow. Housing prices are not inferior to the center of the capital, the average cost of 1 sq. m of living space is 200 thousand rubles, so that even in typical panel houses "for demolition" you will not find a 1- or 2-room apartment cheaper than 6 million and 8 million rubles. respectively. And if we are talking about apartments in brick houses with an improved layout, then the price tag rises almost 2 times. Partly thanks to the Gagarinsky and Lomonosovsky districts, as well as elite residential properties, the entire South-West District is leading in real estate prices. The area is dominated by high-quality brick houses, which have not caused any particular complaints for half a century. Indeed, in those years they were building conscientiously, especially since individual quarters of the district were built on special order, and the payment for mistakes was too high. For example, on Kosygin Street (half of which belongs to the Gagarinsky District), practically the entire composition of the former Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU lived.
Modern times continued the traditions of previous generations, and many high-ranking Kremlin officials have lived and continue to live in the Gagarinsky District: Alexei Kudrin, Gennady Seleznev, Anatoly Chubais. Here, in a 19-storey building on Academician Zelinsky Street, V.V. Putin, President of Russia. And although he has not huddled in 175 square meters of state-owned living space for a long time, but while away his free time in one of his 18 residences, he still regularly goes to the polls at the Russian Academy of Sciences, at polling station No. 2079.
The district is characterized by division into thematic zones, due to which residential quarters are successfully separated from more than 40 research institutions headed by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences. For example, the huge space bounded by Leninsky Prospect, Vavilov, Gubkin and Academician Nesmeyanov streets is occupied exclusively by "egg-headed" ones. The islands of science are located further along Leninsky Prospekt, as well as between Kosygina street and Andreevskaya embankment.
The area along Vernadsky Prospect is a cult place for many Moscow parents, and along the way, the green outlet for Gagarinsky. Along it stretches the Park of the Children's Palace of Creativity with the Vorobyovy Pond, a place of relaxation for the residents of the district. And in 11 buildings and more than 900 rooms of the monumental Moscow Palace of Children and Youth Creativity (the former Palace of Pioneers), there are countless sections, clubs and circles, engaging more than 18 thousand Moscow children.
Further along Vernadsky Prospect there is a huge dome of the Moscow State Circus (the largest in the world, with a capacity of 3300 people) and the Children's Academic Musical Theater. In general, all the conditions for the younger generation, which will never exchange their gaming computer for these dubious joys.
Transport provision of the region is at a decent level. The center is not far away, and you can get there in different ways. There are 3 metro stations in the area, at a distance of 3-4 stops from the center, Leninsky Prospect and Vernadsky Prospect, with a large number adjacent streets, helping to bypass Moscow traffic jams. And although the traffic congestion, especially during rush hours, is one of the highest in Moscow in the district, many kilometers of traffic jams are formed only as a result of an accident.
Lomonosov district
Adjacent to the Gagarinsky district, which is full of luxury real estate. However, there are no parks, no lakes, or metro stations. Many of its residents frankly do not like their place of residence, complaining about the dirt in the yards and unkempt, which makes the area unfavorably different from the neighboring Gagarinsky and Cheryomushki. Many playgrounds in the courtyards are in a deplorable state, despite the money spent on their reconstruction. Instead of a rubber covering, there is asphalt or a banal mess; on most grounds, instead of the usual plastic swings with chains, there are old iron "killer swings". And close to most of the playgrounds there are parking lots with smoking cars, helping children from an early age to get used to the gas-polluted metropolitan atmosphere. In the dark, many courtyards of the district are dangerous, since there is practically no lighting, and informal youth gather at the sites.
Despite this, real estate prices in the Lomonosov district are inexplicably higher than the average in Moscow, and in terms of level correspond to the districts of the Central District, or the neighboring Gagarinsky District.
Obruchevsky district
It borders on Lomonosovsky, but looks much more comfortable. Either the officials in the district council are more responsible, or the self-awareness of the residents is higher, but staying in the territory of the district leaves only positive emotions. Clean, cozy courtyards, there are many flowers around that are not Russian-style, not touched by vandals, there are many bright colors everywhere, even the stalls are painted in the same style. Housing here is relatively expensive, 1 sq. m of living space costs an average of 165 thousand rubles, so that "kopeck piece" will pull at 7-8 million rubles. The district has a well-developed infrastructure, in addition to numerous schools and kindergartens, there are 4 large universities, including the famous Second Medical University and the Peoples' Friendship University of RUDN. And in the north of the district is the Vorontsovo estate with the hallmark of the district - Vorontsovsky Park.
Areas Cheryomushki, Akademichesky, Kotlovka
These areas are united together by the general idea of development, when in the 1950s experimental residential areas began to appear within the boundaries of the modern Akademichesky district, with time expanding to the south. The experimental area was called Novye Cheryomushki, and the historical borders of Cheryomushki are much wider than modern administrative ones. This is indirectly confirmed by the presence of the word "cheryomushki" in the names of streets and objects of the Akademichesky and Kotlovka districts: Novocheremushkinskaya, Bolshaya Cheryomushkinskaya streets, Cheryomushkinskiy market, etc.
The main attribute of Cheryomushki are the Khrushchevs, the fruit of the state's insane experiment on living people. It was from here, like mold, that the great and terrible Khrushchevs began to spread throughout the country, causing normal people to have the first signs of depressive psychosis. And in order to finally finish off the citizens, all the streets of the district in those days were called the same: Cheryomushkinsky, differing from each other only by serial numbers. And the name "Cheryomushki" became a household name: in many cities of that time they called the faceless residential quarters glorified in the film by I. Ryazanov "The Irony of Fate".
However, in the 1980s, next to the Novye Cheryomushki metro station, a residential quarter emerged in contrast, popularly known as Tsarskoe Selo. And over time, it generally became the official name of this oasis, surrounded by folk barracks. Here the "last of the Mohicans" received living space, the nobility of the outgoing Brezhnev era: members of the Council of Ministers, the Central Committee of the CPSU, generals. Today, their descendants, as well as wealthy citizens of a more modest origin, live in the "Central Committee" houses. Since in terms of layout and quality, these houses are in no way inferior to modern elite housing, although they were built 30 years earlier.
Elite construction is actively underway in Cheryomushki today. New housing estates are springing up like mushrooms after rain, driving up the average cost of living in the area. In general, the prestige of Cheryomushki tends to grow. First, the old Khrushchev's panel barracks are being systematically demolished, and modern business-class houses are being built in their place. Secondly, the district is penetrated by the main highways - Profsoyuznaya Street, Sevastopolskiy Prospekt, three metro stations of the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line, which relieves traffic tension. Also, the infrastructure of the district meets the highest requirements and is able to provide a full-fledged educational and cultural life of the district. Renting a two-room Khrushchev, which does not require repair, in this area will cost at least 35 thousand rubles, and it is better not to talk about elite real estate.
A cozy and picturesque residential area, despite the fact that it ranks third in Moscow in terms of area and population. It's just that the architectural solution of the area turned out to be ingenious, successfully combining many residential buildings and an infrastructure system. Once there, it is somehow hard to believe that you are in Moscow: Yasenevo is surrounded by forests on all sides, and residential buildings are literally inscribed in a forest belt. Each resident of the district has 20 square meters. m of green spaces. And this is almost 4 times higher than the minimum city sanitary standards. On the eastern border of the district is the Bitsevsky forest park, in the north-west - the forest park of the Uzkoye sanatorium, in the south - the Butovsky forest. There are absolutely no industrial enterprises in the area, and the residential area has so much free space that it creates the effect of Russian open spaces.
The great advantage of Yasenevo is the layout of its neighborhoods. Baltic architects were involved in the project, and everything was thought out to the smallest detail: semicircular houses, forming cozy large courtyards, in each of which schools and kindergartens are inscribed; wide avenues and sidewalks, long distances between houses, the completeness of the general ensemble of the area and a well-thought-out convenient road network. Three metro stations, despite the sufficient distance from the center, completely solve the problem of "how to get to the city." Only constant winds walking through the expanses of Yasenevo cause negative emotions in some residents. This is understandable: the area is located on the Teplostan Upland, and in the area of the Teply Stan metro station there is even a memorial stone symbolizing the highest mark of Moscow - 225 meters above sea level. But the air is cleaner, - note the Yasenevo patriots. Indeed, harmful emissions of exhaust gases are blown away from the territory of the district without a trace.
All houses in the area are mainly 9 and 16 floors, there are practically no new buildings. And this is understandable, because the area has an architecturally finished look. However, this has never been an obstacle for daring developers of luxury housing. And many analysts wonder how Yasenevo has not yet turned into a new Moscow construction site. For 25 thousand you can rent a one-room apartment, and for 30 thousand rubles. - a good two-room apartment. There are many offers, so Yasenevo retains a leading position in popularity among students and other guests of the capital and is called by many the most prosperous "sleeping bag" in Moscow.
Konkovo
Area falling out of the total positive characteristics Southwestern District by several indicators at once.
1. On ecology: the industrial zone "Vorontsovo" is located on the territory of Konkovo, popularly known as "Construction site". Now, of course, emissions from industrial enterprises have decreased significantly. Of greater interest are the objects of the industrial zone, among which there are many secure, with checkpoints, access systems, special vehicles and strange people in white coats, seen on the territory of some protected areas. "Construction site" is a very muddy territory, evokes associations from the series "The X-Files" and attracts increased attention with its mysteriousness and inaccessibility. This is aggravated by the fact that many unfinished objects have remained there since Soviet times, which is why the district received such a name.
The command and headquarters of the Space Forces are also located here, along with space control and missile defense systems. And this publicly available information only lifts a small veil over the true scale of the projects taking place outside the walls of secret facilities. And we only have to speculate about the degree of technogenicity of the institutions located there and their impact on the ecological situation.
2. By contingent: an increased content of Caucasian peoples was recorded in the region, plus as many as two hostels, full of Chinese... The reason for this is the Konkovo food and material fair, which is located at the metro station of the same name. Informal youth groups are another attraction of the area. The halo of their habitat is the area around the metro stations. And, as a consequence of all of the above, there is an increased criminality rate in Konkovo. Despite the absence of official statistics from the Moscow City Department of Internal Affairs by districts and districts, according to unofficial ratings, the district is among the ten most disadvantaged districts of Moscow. The main “hobbyhorse” of Konkovo is street crime. Some of its residents are very pessimistic, predicting the area of the future of a new ghetto for migrants and criminalized groups. Such a picture, for example, is described in the fantastic novel-dystopia of Oleg Divov "In Konkovo disgusting weather".
Konkovo is also called the youth area, due to the large number of educational institutions (19 universities) and student dormitories... According to rough estimates, more than 10 thousand people live in the district's hostels alone. Also, a common form in the Konkovo temporary housing market is renting rooms in apartments. For 5-10 thousand rubles a month, you can find a decent option. And you can rent a 2-room apartment for 28-30 thousand per month. However, the concentration of students does not add to the attractiveness of the area, given the craving of modern youth for various adventures, and not only on their own heads. By the way, in the area of the Konkovo metro station, which is considered the most gloomy and dangerous among the local population, skinhead groups regularly appear.
However, not everything is so sad, there are pluses in the area. For example, there are many green recreation areas: Konkovskie ponds with a refined adjoining territory, the Troparevo state reserve, the Uzkoye estate. As well as a well-developed infrastructure, especially in terms of education, children's leisure and culture.
Teply Stan
A modern comfortable residential area on the outskirts of Moscow, characterized by a well-developed infrastructure: almost all the benefits of civilization are within walking distance, in particular, a huge selection of various hypermarkets, fairs and shopping centers. The area is located in the highest point of Moscow, open to all winds, which for some is a blessing in terms of fresh air, while others cause certain inconveniences. But in a megalopolis "sitting high" is still more preferable than poisoning yourself every day with the products of the hectic activity of a modern city.
The area is located between Profsoyuznaya Street and Leninsky Prospekt, and its southern border abuts against the Moscow Ring Road. Local residents of the outskirts like to cynically repeat that they live "in the well ... of Leninsky Prospekt", but at the same time they are internally satisfied with this state of affairs. Indeed, none of those who have been there have the impression that they have ended up in settlements. The area is dominated by multi-storey buildings, where you can buy a 2-room apartment for 6 million rubles. However, there are a lot of business-class houses in the area with prices much higher, in which show business stars like to settle. So your neighbors can easily be the soloists of some group, known even not in narrow circles.
North and South Butovo
The youngest regions are not only the South-West Administrative District, but also the capital. Severnoye Butovo is "older" than its neighbor Yuzhnoye, the area beyond the Moscow Ring Road. It was founded in 1985 and boasts the first metro station in Moscow outside the Moscow Ring Road - Dmitry Donskoy Boulevard, which served as a strong impetus for the further development of these distant territories for the city. In North Butovo there are parks and greenhouses of the All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VILAR. Once behind the blank fence of the VILAR Botanical Garden, you can relax in specially equipped places for paid fishing with gazebos, barbecues, and of course ponds full of fish.
Yuzhnoye Butovo is the second largest in Moscow and the first in terms of development. It is unanimously considered by real estate analysts to be a model sleeping area. Yuzhnoye Butovo is highly rated due to its excellent ecology, developed infrastructure, affordable housing for any budget and a favorable social cut of the population. The cost of a two-room apartment in the panel is 4-5 million rubles, the same apartment with a higher class will cost 7-8 million rubles. (The situation is similar for Severny Butovo). However, having settled in Yuzhnoye Butovo, especially near its borders, you must be prepared that there will be a frank village next to you. And inside some of the Yuzhnobutov microdistricts, there are many private houses with a characteristic village way of life, namely, about 10 whole villages. In the mornings you will be awakened by roosters, in the evening - by dogs barking, and the locals who meet you will disturb the idyll of bohemian metropolitan life with just one look.
Despite the location of Yuzhnoye Butovo far beyond the Moscow Ring Road, its transport accessibility is the envy of many residents closer to the center of sleeping bags. On the territory of the district there are four stations of the light metro line, connected to the metro station Bulvar Dmitry Donskoy. And the presence in the district of a sufficient number of kindergartens, schools, sports facilities, shopping centers and recreation areas allows you to lead a full life without leaving the district. You just need to mentally prepare or come to terms with the fact that you live in settlements. Those who have tasted real Moscow life often have problems with this point, even nostalgia for the "real" Moscow.
Of course, Varshavskoe shosse, the only transport connection between Butovo and the capital, is experiencing increased stress. And the long distance to the central districts makes travel by car long and exhausting. But the status of the urban area smoothes out some inconveniences with additional benefits. In contrast to the cities of the Moscow region, whose residents also steadfastly overcome traffic jams every day on the way to the capital and back.
District infrastructure
It is known that Moscow is a happy exception from the all-Russian statistics on the living conditions and social security of its residents. And the South-Western District stands out for the better already among other districts of the capital. On the streets and in the courtyards of residential areas, janitors work regularly, mainly residents of Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and other fraternal republics. Receiving a salary of 15 thousand rubles. a month, they feel almost like oligarchs, contriving to send half of the money back to their homeland, and for the rest they “do not deny themselves anything”. Moreover, they conscientiously relate to their duties and maintain a positive attitude. It is especially clean in the courtyards of the central districts of the district: Gagarinsky, Akademichesky, Obruchevsky, Kotlovka.
The Lomonosov District is the leader in terms of unkempt areas. Despite the fact that it is closest to the center and has the highest price tag for living space. Something inexplicable is happening to his district council, and many suspect that officials are openly sawing up budget subsidies. As a result, the courtyards are dirty and dark, and the locals are full of negativity. Some MPs are trying to intervene in the situation municipality Lomonosov, but so far to no avail.
The exact opposite picture is in the neighboring Obruchevsky district. Having overcome several blocks from the Lomonosov region to the south-west, it is as if you find yourself on another planet. The secret of such a metamorphosis will remain a mystery, we only have to state the fact: the courtyards of the Obruchevsky district are the best in all of Moscow. This can be seen both in general and in details: everywhere there is cleanliness and livability, there are flowerpots with flowers around, urns with galvanized (!) Buckets, and one gets the feeling that you are somewhere in Europe.
The transport situation in the district is close to ideal, though only by the standards of Moscow. For the majority of residents, the main transport is the metro, and the South-West Administrative District has no competitors in terms of its accessibility. There are a total of 22 metro stations in the area. The main branch, the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line, penetrates with its ten stations 7 out of 12 districts of the district, from Gagarinsky to Yasenevo. The eastern regions are covered by the stations of the "gray" Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya line, and the western ones - by the "red" Sokolnicheskaya. Severnoye and Yuzhnoye Butovo have their own personal Butovo line of the light metro, which makes the road to the center, albeit long, but comfortable.
For motorists, the district is also not the worst option, despite the high population density and the lack of parking spaces in the central districts. An extensive road network allows you to skillfully maneuver between traffic jams, and the specific number of roadways per district area is higher than many neighboring ones. The main epicenters of tension are the main highways: Leninsky Prospect, Profsoyuznaya Street, Vernadsky Avenue, Sevastopolsky Avenue. Especially annoying are the numerous traffic lights on Leninsky Prospekt, and even without stopping time it will not be possible to fly by with a breeze. A large traffic jam is formed near the Teply Stan metro station, where Novoyasenevsky Prospekt turns into Tyoply Stan Street in an incomprehensible zigzag across Profsoyuznaya Street. It turns out there are two T-shaped intersections in the neighborhood on the busiest highways of the residential areas Yasenevo and Teply Stan, and everyone “needs to be quick”. As a result, every day people stand in hour-long traffic jams in an open field, and the guys from Mosplan, who designed this "junction" in the last century, turn over in coffins 2 times a day.
The solution to traffic jams during rush hours is a system of intercepting parking lots, and larger transport hubs being built on the site of former mini-markets near metro stations. Motorists can leave their cars at the nearest metro and change to public transport. Three intercept parking lots are already operating in Yuzhny, one in Severny Butovo (and again this is Butovo!). And also one parking lot is located near the Teply Stan metro station and in the Zyuzino area, near the Kakhovskaya metro station. If you present 2 metro tickets, then parking costs 50 rubles per day, otherwise - 50 rubles. at one o'clock. Will the theme of intercepting parking lots catch on? Most drivers are not yet ready to exchange the comfort of movement in their own car for a dubious public transport service, and contrary to the proverb, they choose to “stand well” in traffic jams instead of “driving badly” on the metro.
However, even in the center, the car needs to be thrown somewhere, and there are not very many options. Moreover, recently “parkons” have begun to ply in Moscow: Ford Focus cars with cameras for photographing incorrectly parked cars. Every day 50 thousand drivers, according to the statistics of parking not according to the rules, are at risk. And "letters of happiness" are already coming to their home addresses, each for 2.5 - 3 thousand rubles. This is exactly how much the pleasure of leaving your car "anywhere" has cost in Moscow since July 1, 2012. Having received 2-3 such letters, you will inevitably think about the benefits of intercepting parking lots.
Kindergartens, schools, higher schools as well as institutions additional education and culture - with this, everything in the district is also at the highest level. About 60 universities of the district accept not only local youth, but also students from other districts of Moscow and Russian cities. There are more than 200 kindergartens and about 300 schools in the district, the figures are higher only in the North-West district.
County Economy
The South-West District is, first of all, a large scientific base: research, design and other institutes, design bureaus, laboratories and high-tech industries in various industries. Many of them are in the form of state unitary enterprises, which serves as an additional incentive for workers: layoffs are less likely, wages and social benefits. guarantees are more transparent. Qualified personnel in these institutions are always required, and the salary directly depends on the qualifications of a specialist and averages 35 thousand rubles, but it can go up to 80-100 thousand rubles. per month.
Among the largest research and production enterprises - NPP "Torii", which produces microwave devices for missile defense systems and civil aviation. The average salary is 30 thousand rubles. plus a bonus, and for highly qualified specialists - up to 80 thousand rubles. with the provision of housing. Once a powerful link in the Soviet military-industrial complex, today "Thorium" derives its main income from the lease of production and office premises. However, the enterprise has been afloat for more than 53 years, and the production process does not stop there.
Russia's largest institute for the development and production of lasers, FGUP NII Polyus, is also located in the South-West Administrative District. The production is specific, it is not easy to get a job, increased requirements are imposed on employees, and special knowledge is required. FSUE Research Institute of Automatic Equipment, another oldest enterprise in the South-Western Administrative District, is engaged in the creation of automated control systems. The company has been operating since 1956, has its own dissertation council, and also provides an opportunity for talented youth to start a scientific or industrial career. Specialists can also find a stable job here and a good salary, on average - 40 thousand rubles.
You can list all the research and production organizations of the South-Western Administrative District endlessly, they have one thing in common: despite the reduction in government subsidies and a serious decline in production, research and development are underway, and enterprises are working. This means that a competent technician, and even one with a special qualification, can find a very good job in the South-Western Administrative District, with its colossal scientific potential. It makes no sense to look for vacancies on the sites, it is most effective to contact directly the personnel department of the corresponding enterprise, and luck will accompany you in everything.
The industry in the district is not so developed, and the operating enterprises can be counted on one hand: NPO Automation and Instrumentation (orders for space and defense purposes), a plant for processing special alloys, a confectionery and bakery plant "Cheryomushki", Butovo asphalt concrete plant. The plant for processing special alloys, in other words, the oldest jewelry production in Russia under the Monarch brand, is engaged in the production of gold chains, gold leaf and other jewelry products. Specialists are always required, especially in hazardous areas of production. Among the prestigious and highly paid professions are fashion designers and master jewelers.
Taking into account the youth specifics, there are many employment centers for students and postgraduates in the district. And large universities have their own employment departments. So young people, with a certain tenacity, can find high-paying jobs in the South-West Administrative District. At the same time, there are many offers of part-time work for students, on average for 20-25 thousand rubles. per month. In the unskilled labor market, you can also find work for 30 thousand rubles without straining. Considering that many wealthy people live in the South-West Administrative District, sane housekeepers, governesses, home cooks, chauffeurs, etc. are always in demand. There, the salary can be several times higher, and the working conditions are not too exhausting.
There are two large food fairs on the territory of the district: in Konkovo and in Teply Stan. Their location corresponds to the metro stations of the same name. To be more precise, in Konkovo there is no longer a fair, but the Konkovo Passage shopping center. The name itself is immediately alarming, and once inside, you understand that intuition did not deceive.
To put it mildly, in this "passage" you will buy consumer goods from the former "Cherkizon", but at prices 5 times higher. The locals do not understand both the pricing policy of the shopping center, located almost at the very MKAD, and the pretentious prefix "passage", without censorship calling this place a gadyushnik. For the sake of fairness, it should be noted that next to the "passage" there is a grocery market "Eco-market". It is distinguished by its purity, high quality products and the sellers of Slavic appearance. True, the prices there are much higher than average, but the quality of products (even meat and dairy products) is beyond praise. The market lives up to its name and attracts a few health-conscious buyers from neighboring areas who prefer to consume organic products.
Near the Teply Stan metro station, two shopping centers are located in the neighborhood: the Spektr shopping mall and the Prince Plaza shopping mall. More modern, more civilized. Here you can find a clothing market, an indoor grocery store, and a Karusel chain hypermarket, as well as cinemas and fashion boutiques. And a little further away - the cheap Teply Stan market, displaced by modern shopping centers from its home near the metro in the direction of Yasenevo, but has not lost its clientele, despite, to put it mildly, unsanitary conditions.
Another popular place for shopping and recreation of Muscovites is the MEGA Teply Stan Shopping Center. Although it is already outside the borders of the South-West Administrative District, at the intersection of the Moscow Ring Road and Profsoyuznaya Street. There is a famous IKEA store, Auchan and hundreds of chain boutiques with quality goods. This attracts huge traffic to MEGA, especially on weekends, when it is almost impossible to find a place in a kilometer-long parking lot.
Crime
The South-Western Administrative District is called one of the crime-free districts of Moscow. This is due, first of all, to its contingent, the main percentage of which has historically been representatives of the scientific intelligentsia: professors, teachers, researchers, graduate students. In terms of the composition of crimes, minor offenses prevail: theft, fraud, hooliganism. The sources of danger are green areas and large markets, such as Konkovo, Teply Stan, around which criminals accumulate, and purse dealers operate in parking lots. The platforms of intercity buses located near the Teply Stan market also attract various fraudsters to this territory.
The highest crime rate in the district is in Konkovo: the district is leading both in the number of burglaries and in the number of street crimes: robberies, robberies, attacks on people. On the territory of the Bitsevsky forest park, cases of violence and robbery are often recorded, which adds to the increased danger to the area.
Of the high-profile cases that "glorified" the district, one recalls the sensational collapse of the roof of the Transvaal-Park water park in Yasenevo in 2004. Commissioned two years earlier, the five-story complex of the water park buried 28 people underneath, and about 200 people received injuries of varying severity. The relatives of the victims have not yet received either monetary or moral compensation. The investigation of the case ended with the accusation of the chief designer of the complex, who immediately accepted the offer of amnesty without pleading guilty. Lawyers are now demanding compensation for victims through the European Court of Human Rights, but Russia has never been found guilty of violations in connection with this tragedy.
In 2007, he was sentenced to life imprisonment "Bitsevsky maniac" who operated in the Bitsevsky forest park and committed about 50 murders as a result. This high-profile criminal case had a wide public response, thanks to which the whole country learned about the Bitsevsky forest. This serial maniac kept the whole district in fear for more than 5 years, as a result, Bitsevsky Forest gained notoriety and still causes painful associations in many people.
In 2007, Sergei Burkotov, head of the Cheryomushki district council, was shot dead in his private car. This contract murder occurred due to a conflict between the official and the developers who worked in the district. According to one version, the district head was "removed" for the fact that he ordered to suspend the construction of facilities without permits. However, the investigation in the case concluded that Burkotov was "protecting" the construction business, and the head of one of the firms decided to get rid of the too greedy patron. The truth about this case will remain inaccessible to the public. Moreover, it does not directly affect her interests, in contrast to the case of the "Bitsa maniac".
Sights of the South-West Administrative District
The main places of recreation for the residents of the district are green areas, which are abundant in the South-West Administrative District. The most famous is the Bitsevsky forest, which stretches along the southeastern border of the district. And although its main part is an example of untouched nature, there are still very ennobled places, with numerous clearings, alleys, rivers and springs. Of the sights - picturesque noble estates Uzkoye and Yasenevo, equestrian sports complex "Bitsa", the paleontological museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences (just like from the movie "Night at the Museum").
Despite the "tarnished" reputation, hundreds of people rush to Bitsevsky forest every day. To be afraid of maniacs - do not go into the forest, since it is a 3-minute walk from the Konkovo and Novoyasenevskaya metro stations to the park. Some just go for a walk and breathe the air, some - in violation of the law "for barbecue", someone goes with children to the paleontological museum, from where adults leave full of impressions and emotions. The forest park is full of extreme cyclists at any time of the year, and in the Uzkoye estate there are lovers of cultural recreation. In the cascade of its ponds, you can even (for a fee) catch yourself royal fish for dinner: sturgeon, trout, grass carp.
Holidays with children usually take place in the Gagarinsky district. The State Circus, the Children's Musical Academic Theater, the Palace of Children and Youth Creativity are located there. The nearby metro stations "University" and "Vorobyovy Gory", and a beautiful large park with a pond, where you can relax in the lap of nature, contribute to the attendance. Three blocks from the park, on Vavilova Street, there is the State Darwin Museum, which is a must-visit for everyone who happens to be in this area. Moreover, the Southwestern District is not at all rich in museums. This is one of the world's largest museums of evolution with unique collections, many of which migrated here from the St. Petersburg Kunstkamera.
The main places of alternative cultural recreation in the district are located along Leninsky Prospekt. It is enough just to walk or drive from Gagarin Square to the south, and there is a lot of interesting things. And the clubs are mostly located closer to the center, not far from key metro stations. The club "Svalka", which is located in the Academic district near the Profsoyuznaya metro station, is very popular among young people. He fell in love with many students for affordable prices and an informal atmosphere. The music is different, you can often hear live performances of rock bands.
Dump club
Mostly young people hang out there, many "pull up" from the neighboring sleeping areas, from which there are 2-3 stations to the club along a straight line without transfers. For the more mature in Konkovo, near the Belyaevo metro station, there is the SOVA club, decorated in the style of an English castle, with many billiard tables and a spacious dance floor. Open-air tables, separate booths, two bars and non-acidic music that 30-35 year olds can easily tolerate and even have fun. However, the main nightlife still takes place in the center, so the golden youth do not stay in their native districts in the evenings, preferring to spend time closer to the Garden Ring.
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Books
- Eduard Bagritsky. Poems and poems, Eduard Bagritsky. The book by Eduard Bagritsky "Poems and Poems" includes three main collections of the poet's works that appeared during his lifetime and, together with the libretto of the opera "Duma about Opanas", were included in the composition ...
- Obsidian Butterfly, Laurel Hamilton. These are the adventures of Anita Blake. Adventures of a desperate hunter for the "people of Darkness" - vampires, werewolves, zombies and black magicians. Huntresses for "night hunters" who violated the law. Huntresses ...
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