Specialist, graduate. Diploma or Bachelor? What document distinguishes a graduate from a specialist

After the reform of the Russian system of higher education, there was a certain confusion associated with such concepts as "specialist", "master" and "bachelor". Employers are a little skeptical about the last two entries in the diploma of the applicant for a vacant position, since the “graduated specialist” is still more familiar.

If a person encounters these concepts rarely or never met, he does not see the differences at all. But in reality there is a difference.
A person graduates from a higher educational institution and becomes a graduate, that is, receives a diploma of graduation from this very educational institution. The concept of "graduated specialist" has been familiar to us since Soviet times. Even in those days it meant a person who, that is, graduated from an institute or university.

Today, a graduate is a practitioner who has also graduated from an institute or university. But there is no such qualification in the EU. Therefore, due to the fact that Russia is switching to the European type of education, it is planned to refuse to assign the title of "certified specialist" to university graduates.

How does one become such a specialist in Russia? After five or six years of study at the institute, its graduate is given a diploma of qualification. And a new graduate can start working as an engineer or teacher. However, if the graduate has a desire, he can continue to study further. In this case, he will receive the next degree - master.

Which is better: specialist or master?

It can be obtained as a bachelor, whose higher education was limited to acquiring basic knowledge in the chosen specialty, and as a specialist. To become a master, you need to spend another two years studying, and then they will give you a diploma, indicating that a person has been awarded a master's degree in any science. Usually a person who has received such a degree does not practice, his path is scientific activity.

So, what is the difference between a specialist and a master?

A master's degree is which, after studying for two additional years, can be obtained not only by a graduate, but also by a bachelor. At the same time, if a graduate must be engaged in practical work, the master devotes himself entirely to scientific work.

A specialist receives higher education for at least five years, and sometimes six. The bachelor receives it in a shorter time - in four or three years, depending on what kind of educational background he has.

For the first three years, prospective students applying for a bachelor's degree study one at a time in the direction they have chosen. This time is given for the training of a generalist, and in the fourth year they choose a narrow profile.

That is, a bachelor's degree is an excellent opportunity for those students who have not yet done so to decide on the profile of their education. It is also possible to study several profiles at the same time.

Question: Good afternoon! I know that similar questions have been asked, but I have a very controversial situation - I really hope for an answer.
I entered Moscow State University in 2007, when the university had not yet switched to the Bologna system program. I am graduating in 2013 (specialty). I would like to continue my education at the master's program at St Petersburg University, but I can't figure out if I have the right to state-funded education.
In accordance with paragraph 5 of article 6 of the Federal Law "On higher and postgraduate professional education"
"certified specialist" has the right to continue on a competitive basis training in the master's program of the corresponding level of higher professional education, which is not considered as receiving a second higher professional education. Obtaining education in master's programs by persons who have a specialist diploma, a master's degree is considered as obtaining a second higher professional education, unless otherwise established by federal laws.
In October 2007, Law No. 232-FZ came into force, which introduced levels of malware. Thus, all accepted students before this law, in principle, could not be admitted to specialist level programs. I was admitted to Moscow State University in the summer of 2007, that is, BEFORE the adoption of this law. Therefore, if I understand correctly, I have the right to free education in the master's program. This is also confirmed by our rector's office. BUT! Since 2011, Moscow State University has been issuing new samples of diplomas, there is no word "graduated" there. At the same time, the Moscow State University itself, on such diplomas, admits to the master's program on the budget.
Does this mean that I will be hired on the budget only at Moscow State University, and St. Petersburg State University will not accept me with such a diploma?

Answer of the Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs Lavrikova Marina Yurievna:

We draw your attention to the fact that admission to study at St Petersburg University is carried out not by faculties, but by educational programs. At present, SPbU does not accept students by correspondence. In accordance with paragraph 15 of Article 108 of the Law on Education in the Russian Federation, introduced by the Federal Law of 03.02.2014 N 11-FZ, persons with higher professional education, confirmed by the assignment of the qualification "certified specialist", have the right to be accepted on a competitive basis for training in master's programs, which is not considered as obtaining by these persons a second or subsequent higher education.

Persons who have successfully mastered educational programs and received state-recognized documents on higher professional education, confirmed by the assignment of the qualification "certified specialist", in the corresponding documents on education in the column "qualification (degree)" have an entry of the form "Astronomer" (for persons who have successfully mastered basic educational program in the specialty "Astronomy"), "Chemist" (for persons who have successfully mastered the basic educational program in the specialty "Chemistry"), "Geographer" (for persons who have successfully mastered the basic educational program in the specialty "Geography"), etc. d.

Persons who have successfully mastered educational programs and received state documents on higher professional education, confirmed by the qualification “specialist”, will have the entry “Specialist” in the corresponding documents on education in the column “qualification (degree)”.

Admission to the university of persons with a diploma confirming the qualification "specialist" for training on basic educational master's program in the field, financed from the federal budget, is a violation of the current legislation of the Russian Federation. At the same time, they can receive education in the field under contracts with payment of tuition fees.

Acceptance of applications for participation in the competition for the main educational programs of the Master's program in the direction of "Jurisprudence" and other documents from applicants who submit documents in person or through public postal operators begins on June 20, 2014 and ends (for all forms of submitting documents) on July 10, 2014 . (clause 7.8 of the Rules for Admission in 2014, see link) Also, applicants from March 01, 2014 until the deadline for accepting documents for the main educational programs of the master's program in 2014 (July 10, 2014) when applying for participation in the competition can submit documents in electronic digital form through the official website of St Petersburg University. (see link)

Information on tuition fees for 2014/2015 will be published on the official website of the St Petersburg University Admissions Committee by April 1, 2014. You can find information about the cost of education for the main educational programs of the master's program in the 2013/2014 academic year by clicking on the link.

You will find all the necessary information about admission to the master's program at St Petersburg University by clicking on

The main goal of higher education is to ensure the training of highly qualified personnel who will be able to work in all major areas of socially useful activity. A certified specialist is one that both society and the state need. Higher education is aimed at the full satisfaction of human needs in development, obtaining in-depth and expanded knowledge, scientific and pedagogical qualifications.

Only those persons who already have a secondary general education, that is, have completed 11 grades of school, can enter a bachelor's or specialist's degree.

There is also a master's program. It can be mastered by people who already have higher education.

Bologna Declaration

In 1998, France, Germany, Great Britain and Italy took the initiative to create the European Common Educational Space. A year later, in 1999, 29 European states signed a document called the Bologna Declaration.

A few years later, the Russian Federation also signed this declaration. Since 2003, Russian education has been gradually moving to a two-stage European system of higher education. The two main directions of this system are:

bachelor's degree - the first step;
magistracy - the second stage.

Prior to that, the country had a single form of higher education - a specialty.

European education system

Now the education standards adopted at the Bologna process are observed by more than 50 countries. Mostly European countries. The two-stage system of education in Europe is traditional. On average, students study for a bachelor's degree for 3-4 years, and for a master's degree - 1-3 years after a bachelor's degree. Both types of education are equated to full-fledged higher education. After receiving a bachelor's degree, a young specialist can get a job. Some choose to continue their studies and go to graduate school.

Higher education in Russia

Now in Russia there are several levels of higher education:

Obtaining a bachelor's degree.
Qualification "certified specialist".
Obtaining a master's degree.

Both stages of education successfully coexist in our country: traditional and European. It is currently impossible to cancel the qualification of a “graduated specialist” in a number of universities in the country: technical, military and medical.

The course periods are as follows:

The bachelor's degree takes 4 years.
For a certified specialist - 5 years.
Obtaining a master's degree is possible after 6 years of study. That is, bachelor students will study for another 2 years, and specialists - 1 year.

Obtaining degrees of education

To enroll in a bachelor's or specialist's degree, it is enough for a student to successfully pass the exam. Studying for a bachelor's degree, a student studies a basic educational program, after which he receives a diploma of general higher education.

A specialist after five years of study receives a diploma of a graduate, which indicates the specialty he has chosen.

A master is an expert in a scientific field. Admission to the magistracy is possible after passing exams in specialized subjects.

A specialist differs from a master in that the first one is purposefully prepared for practical activities in a certain field, and the second one - for scientific work.

The next degree of education is graduate school. Masters and specialists can study at this stage.

Bachelor

If a couple of decades ago the title of "bachelor" was awarded only to those who studied in European higher educational institutions, now it can be successfully obtained in Russian universities. Now, when former schoolchildren can go to study both as a specialist and a bachelor, confusion is obtained. These concepts have become interchangeable, and many do not know what the difference is between them. Let's try to figure it out.

The title "bachelor" came from the medieval title of a knight who did not have his own banner. It smoothly migrated to the students of the European Middle Ages. Now a bachelor is a university graduate who has completed 4 years of study and received a basic higher education. The training program for specialists is quite wide. They are taught all general educational disciplines, as well as a number of special ones.

Certified specialist

This concept appeared in Soviet times. What does "graduated" mean? This is a graduate of a higher educational institution who received a diploma with a qualification. A specialist is nothing more than the assignment of professional qualifications to a graduate in a certain narrow specialty.

If the student has not completed the required term, he does not receive anything. That is, if he studied as a specialist for 4 years, and then decided to quit, he will not receive a bachelor's degree.

Differences between a bachelor and a graduate

Do not confuse these concepts. Yes, they have a lot in common, but the differences are very significant. A bachelor's degree involves obtaining an academic degree, and a graduate is already a professional qualification.

The terms of study in universities are also different. Recall that bachelors study for four years, and specialists for five years. The first couple of years, training at both levels is almost the same. Later, the training programs diverge. Specialists are trained in a narrower direction related to a specific professional activity.

Europe willingly recognizes the title of "Bachelor". A "certified specialist" is needed only in the post-Soviet space. In Russia, bachelor graduates are viewed with some distrust, preferring to hire a specialist.

Title "Specialist"

The qualification "certified specialist" was awarded in Russia to persons who started training until the end of 2008. Then came into force the law adopted on October 24, 2007, according to which higher educational institutions can train their pupils under the specialist's program.

By and large, the difference between the concepts of "certified specialist" and "specialist" lies in the very document on education. In the first case, the State Examination Commission, after defending the thesis by the graduate, assigns him the appropriate qualification. It is displayed in the diploma in the form of the entry "Geographer", "Lawyer" and so on.

Higher education diplomas were issued to “graduates” until 2013. All of them correspond to a single model, approved back in 1994. The diploma of a graduate, the photo of which is presented below, is currently no longer possible to obtain.

Since the beginning of 2014, graduates of higher educational institutions receive a diploma, which confirms that they have received the level of a specialist in a particular field. It has the entry "Specialist".

Now it is no longer possible to become a graduate. The new education system, which included the concepts of bachelor's and master's degrees, led to a change in the traditional form of education. And now in the country you can see diplomas with the inscription "certified specialist" and "specialist". The difference between them is minimal - the duration of training. All those who entered to study since 2011 are simply specialists, without awarding qualifications.

Finally

The modern education system strives for a uniform model throughout the world. In order for the specialists of our country to be in demand all over the world, Russia signed the Bologna Declaration and added the European one to the existing education system.

So in our country there was an opportunity to get a diploma not only of a specialist, but also of a bachelor's degree, as well as a master's degree. Each of them has its pros and cons, and school graduates decide for themselves where to go to study further.

In Russia, students can study in three programs of higher professional education:
undergraduate (bachelor);
specialty ("specialist");
magistracy (master).

Graduates-bachelors who received government documents, can continue on a competitive basis budget-funded education in specialist's programs or in the master's program.

However, can a graduate with a specialist diploma enroll in a budgetary master's program so that this is not considered as receiving a second higher professional education (which, as you know, is paid, i.e. at his own expense)? Admission and enrollment in the budget master's program up to September 1, 2013 carried out on the basis of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1992 No. 3266-1 "On Education", Federal Law of August 22, 1996 No. 125-FZ "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education", as well as the Federal Law of October 24, 2007 No. 232-FZ , in accordance with paragraph 5 of Article 4 of which “persons who have received state documents on higher professional education, confirmed by the assignment of qualifications "certified specialist", have the right to continue, on a competitive basis, their studies in the master's program of the corresponding level of higher professional education, which is not considered as receiving a second higher professional education” .

Federal Law No. 273-FZ dated December 29, 2012 which entered into force on September 1, 2013, does not cancel the aforementioned provision of the Federal Law "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation". In accordance with Part 15 of Art. 108 Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" persons with higher professional education, confirmed by the assignment of qualifications "certified specialist", have the right to be admitted on a competitive basis to study in master's programs, which are not considered as receiving by these persons a second or subsequent higher education.

Thus, from what diploma is issued to the graduate of the specialty - "certified specialist" or "specialist" - depends on the possibility of his admission to the budget master's program. However, there are nuances here, which will be discussed in the second part of the article.

What is the difference between a diploma of a "graduate" and a "specialist"?

"certified specialist", in the graph "qualification (degree)" have a record of the form "Political scientist" "Political science"), "Sociologist"(for persons who have successfully mastered the basic educational program in the specialty "Sociology"), "Philosopher"(for persons who have successfully mastered the basic educational program in the specialty "Philosophy") etc. In the document on education and qualifications, confirming the qualification "certified specialist" in accordance with GOS VPO in the column "The qualification was awarded by the decision of the State Examination Commission" there should be a record like "Mathematic teacher", "Geographer", "Lawyer" etc.

Diploma of a specialist confirming the qualification "certified specialist", have persons who entered training before 2008 inclusive. In connection with the adoption of the Federal Law of October 24, 2007 No. 232-FZ "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation (in terms of establishing levels of higher professional education)" in the period from 2008 to 2010, inclusive, individual higher educational institutions, by their decision, could be admitted not only to training programs for a graduate in accordance with the state educational standards of higher professional education (hereinafter - SES VPO), but also to specialist programs.

Until 2013, inclusive, a diploma confirming the qualification "certified specialist", issued according to the model (form) approved by the Decree of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Higher Education of November 30, 1994 No. 9 (as amended by the order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of September 29, 2003 No. 3692 and the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated August 31, 2009 No. 319), and from January 1, 2014 - according to the model approved by the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated October 1, 2013 No. 1100.

Persons with a diploma confirming their qualification "specialist", in the graph "qualification (degree)" will have a record "Specialist". Unlike a diploma confirming the qualification "certified specialist", in the diploma confirming the receipt of higher education - a specialist in the specialty in accordance with the federal state educational standard, in the above column there is an entry "Specialist". At the same time, in 2012 - 2013, such a diploma was issued in the form approved by the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated March 2, 2012 No. 163 (at the same time, the entry "SPECIALIST" contained in the very form of the diploma), and from January 1, 2014 according to the model also approved by the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated October 1, 2013 No. 1100.

As for the people enrolled in the training after January 1, 2011, then they can currently study only in specialist programs and upon completion they will receive a specialist diploma confirming the receipt of higher education - a specialist in their specialty in accordance with the federal state educational standard. For these persons, after receiving higher education - a specialist, studying in master's programs at the expense of budgetary allocations will be the receipt of a second or subsequent higher education in accordance with Part 8 of Art. 69 Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation".

So for now "certified professionals" who entered universities before January 1, 2011, have the right to study free of charge in the magistracy. A person with a diploma "specialist" deprived of such an opportunity.

When writing the article, the materials of the "Virtual Reception Office of St. Petersburg State University" were used.

MASTER FOR A SPECIALIST: 188 comments

user Ekaterina reports: 07/30/2019 at 10:40
Hello! If the "specialist" was received on a paid basis, then can I apply for a budget in the magistracy? After all, the law says that only once you can get an education for free, and I initially studied for a fee. Do I still have the right to free education?
user Mary reports: 07/18/2019 at 01:30
Hello. The question is debatable on the Internet. I'll ask here too.
I am a graduate (I know this for sure), I graduated in 2012.
Can I study at the same time (budgetary) in the magistracy and graduate school? Sources (and the law) say yes, I can. But an additional question remains: what to do with ONE original, which will have to be both there and there upon successful admission? Is there any practice on this topic?

Sincerely.
user Victor reports: 07/07/2019 at 18:25
Please explain. in 2005 he graduated from the Medical University, the term of study is more than 5 years. On the form of my diploma it is written: Qualification: SPECIALIST in the specialty ... for me, studying in a master's program in a technical specialty will be a second higher education?
1. user student reports: 07/07/2019 at 20:33
  it’s unlikely that they will take a left-handed dude into a techno-magician not by acquaintance with a copper, only for money at the cash desk.
  if you only talk according to your description, without seeing a diploma, then yes, you are a specialist, and studying in a master's program is a second higher education for you, that is, formally for money, and if you know it, then maybe for a budget or another option as a target target rustudents .com/kredity/tzelevik/ at the expense of the sending organization
  
  Another thing is that you were given a diploma in 2005, three years before the introduction of a specialist diploma sample, so I recommend that you contact your native copper for clarification.
user Igor reports: 06/11/2019 at 08:33
Good day!
Entered in 2008, completed two courses and joined the army. in 2011 he recovered at the 2nd year and switched to correspondence. in 2016 he received a diploma with the wording ... qualification "Teacher of Law". Tell me, please, can I apply for budget-funded education in a master's program in this case?
Thank you in advance.
user Timur reports: 05/21/2019 at 21:09
Hello! Entered in 2012, the diploma says: "..qualified artist MDI (painting)". Is this a graduate degree? Is it possible to count on a budgetary master's program?
user Alice reports: 13.10.2018 at 01:12
Hello! In 2015 Received a diploma, which says "Qualification: Lawyer". Studied on a paid basis. Can I enroll in a master's program at the Faculty of Economics on a budget?
user Elena reports: 12.10.2018 at 16:27
Please tell me, having a specialist diploma obtained in 2003, can a working student who entered the correspondence department of a master's program qualify for study leave with pay.
base article.
user karinanik reports: 06.10.2018 at 21:48
Hello! At the age of 13 I received a diploma, the diploma says
"specialty - teacher of French, English" studied for 5 years on a budget. Can I apply for a budget for a master's program in another direction (psychology and pedagogy)? Thanks in advance!
user Dmitriy reports: 02.10.2018 at 15:53
Dobrogo. I received a diploma in 2010 from the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the diploma says (By the decision of the State Attestation Commission, I was awarded the qualification "lawyer" in the specialty of jurisprudence. Now I entered the technical university for a master's degree, will they pay for my absence from work
user Irena reports: 08/08/2018 at 10:28
Good afternoon, tell me, I graduated from the Academy in 2005, received a diploma from a state university, where “specialist” is indicated - an economist. I have a question - can I enroll in a master's program in the specialty of jurisprudence?
user Ekaterina reports: 07/13/2018 at 11:02
Hello! I graduated from the university in 2014, the diploma says “Specialist Diploma”, but in the qualification column it says “Mathematician”. Does this mean that I am a "certified specialist" and can enter a master's program on a budget?
Thanks!
user Konstantin reports: 07/08/2018 at 17:53
Hello, I graduated from the university in 2006, do I understand correctly that according to the diploma I am a “graduated specialist” and can I enter a master's program on a budget? I heard that since 2015 this has not been possible or am I mistaken?
user Guzel reports: 06/05/2018 at 09:52
user Irina reports: 06/02/2018 at 10:51
Good day!
Help me figure it out, in 2010 I received a bachelor's degree in construction, in 2011 I entered the magistracy, passed the state exams, but expelled. Also in 2011, I received a diploma-qualification as an engineer with a specialization in "AD and airfields".
Interested
what do I have in my hands now: a diploma of a specialist or a graduate specialist????
When I studied at the magistracy, the education was free, when I received a diploma in the qualification of "engineer" (2011), I paid money for the year of study.
And do I have the opportunity to study for a master's degree after an "engineer" on a budgetary basis????
user Guzel reports: 05/30/2018 at 12:38
Good day! Is it possible after graduating from the specialty, with a diploma of "specialist" to enter the master's program on a budget at the correspondence department?
user Guzel reports: 05/29/2018 at 13:53
Good afternoon, I graduated from the university in 1991, specializing in zooengineering, I am also a candidate of biological sciences. Do I have the right to enroll on a budgetary basis in a master's program in the direction of jurisprudence. Are there any age restrictions for admission to a master's program, including on the budget?
user Elena reports: 05/29/2018 at 11:54
Hello! I am twice a "graduate", 2007 and 2010 release. It turns out I can’t count on a budgetary master’s program, because. do you already have two higher ones? Or it will be considered that I receive education of this level for the first time, i.e. can?
user V reports: 05/18/2018 at 07:47
I have a degree in instrumentation (graduate) and a bachelor's degree in linguistics. Can I study for a master's degree in Linguistics on a budget?
user Irina reports: 03.11.2017 at 19:40
Please explain the code in the diploma 14.05.04 Electronics and automation of physical installations (specialist, 2011-2017). Qualification "engineer-physicist". What is this FGOS?
user Guzel reports: 09/14/2017 at 01:39
Good afternoon. She entered the specialist in 2011, graduated in 2016. specialty - film critic, teacher.
Am I eligible for a free master's program in another field, say, linguistics.
user Paul reports: 09/12/2017 at 16:07
Good afternoon, I entered the specialty in 2009 and received a diploma on 07/03/2014. I don't know if I'm an expert or a graduate?
1. user student reports: 09/12/2017 at 17:16
  telepaths on vacation, samples of diplomas - above in the article.
2. user Igor reports: 09/12/2017 at 17:23
  Key in the diploma in the qualification column. If it is said that a specialist is qualified, then he is. If it says engineer, astronomer or gynecologist, then a graduate. And it doesn't matter that the diploma is of a new type. Count qualifications, that's what matters. In general, all those who entered training before January 1, 2010 are all graduates.
  1. user Paul reports: 09/12/2017 at 17:27
    Thank you very much for the answers) And that is, following from the above - if I have a specialist's degree, and I entered the master's program on a competitive basis for free, then this is not considered a second higher education? And if so, the employer is obliged to give me a house. leave to pass the session?
    1. user Paul reports: 09/12/2017 at 17:28
    2. user Igor reports: 09/12/2017 at 17:31
      Exactly. It doesn't matter if it's paid or free. The law says that on a competitive basis, and exams are also taken on a paid basis.
      1. user Paul reports: 09/12/2017 at 17:33
        Thanks again for the answers)) Otherwise, the personnel officers told me that since there is already a tower, they will let me go at the expense of the main vacation ..
      2. user Igor reports: 09/12/2017 at 17:41
        If the personnel officers rested, then my friend acted as follows. Visit the website of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. There is a tab for citizens' appeals. Describes your situation, namely, you ask the question that you have such and such a diploma, something is written in the qualification column, then you entered training, whether your diploma is a specialist diploma or not, and whether you have the right to guarantees and compensation for individuals who combine work with education. Attach a copy of your diploma. Within a month, the answer will come -
        clarification. Give an explanation to your employer. Usually this is enough. But if not, then the court ...
      3. user student reports: 09/12/2017 at 20:23
        1. you probably have a diploma of a “graduated specialist” and you can legally enroll in a magician’s budget
        2. benefits for students in the magistracy here (including after the specialty) here: rustudents.com/study/vtoroe/ - there is also a standard for the personnel department
      4. user Alexander reports: 09/13/2017 at 01:17
        Unfortunately, graduates who entered in 2011 and graduated in 2017 did not have the entry “specialist” in the column, but had the same entries “engineer”, “agronomist”, etc., but at the same time they already have a specialist diploma . Records "specialist" new versions of the Federal State Educational Standards does not provide. Distinctive features of a specialist diploma are the code of the specialty (it must comply with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education) and the year of graduation. The cipher of the specialty of a graduate corresponds to the State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education. I say this because the graduate of 2017 himself (entered in 2011) and my diploma in the admissions office when entering the magistracy was attributed to the diploma of a specialist (at the same time, the qualification “engineer” is written in it).
        Regarding Igor - you can not bathe. Those who entered in 2009 and have the qualification of "engineer" in the diploma are certified specialists. On this basis, you have the right to apply for a state-funded place when entering a master's program.
      5. user Alexander reports: 09/13/2017 at 01:19
        I'm sorry - Paul.
      6. user Alexander reports: 09/13/2017 at 01:31
user Valentine reports: 08/19/2017 at 19:33
Hello. I am graduating in 2021.
The diploma will say: “Mathematician. Mechanic. Teacher". Is this a graduate qualification? And will I be eligible to apply for a master's program? Thank you.
user Valentine reports: 29.07.2017 at 23:39
Explain, please, the diploma of 2006, a graduate, a teacher of geography, actually I work as a designer, I need an engineering diploma. Can I apply for a master's degree in engineering? What is the practice, it is necessary to add something? Budget or paid doesn't matter. Thank you
user Alexandra reports: 07/07/2017 at 18:31
Good day! Maybe a little off topic, but I would be grateful if you answer or tell me where to look.

I am applying for an MBA abroad with a diploma of a “graduated specialist” (graduating in 2011) with the wording “(training a specialist) in the specialty “marketing” and he/she is qualified as a marketer.” There is no such education system abroad, so they are trying to fit it into the standard bachelor's and master's degrees.

In this regard, the question arises, how can I prove that a specialty in my case is practically equivalent to a master's degree? At the time of admission, there was no alternative to enroll in a bachelor's -> master's degree.
user Ruslan reports: 06/19/2017 at 18:10
Hello! The question is not the essence of the article, but still I will be grateful if you tell me! Is it possible to enter a master's program with a PhD degree? The previous diploma of a "graduated specialist", there are no questions, as it were
user Anna reports: 06/17/2017 at 08:39
Hello! I am graduating from the specialty this year, namely the Faculty of Law with a degree in Forensic Science, and I will be awarded the qualification of a specialist. I study on a budget. Next, I want to enroll in a master's program in the direction of "Jurisprudence" (at the Faculty of Law in order to get a law degree).
1. Can I apply for the budget of the master's program in the direction of "Jurisprudence" if my first education is "Forensic Science"?
2. In my case, entering a master's program in the direction of "Jurisprudence" will be considered a second higher education for me or not?
3. Can I demand from the employer a study leave for the duration of the sessions (because I want to enter in absentia)?
user Irina reports: 06/13/2017 at 18:30
good day! graduated from the university in 2015, studied for 5 years (specialist), after reading several sources, I came to the conclusion that I have a diploma of a “graduate specialist” (it is written that I have mastered the program of a specialist in the specialty “Chemistry”, and that I have been qualified as a ”), it is written everywhere that a “graduated specialist” can enter the magistracy on the budget if he passes through the competition .. at the university I called to, I was told that only a “specialist” can apply for free education in a magistracy, and “ graduate” can enter the magistracy only on a paid basis ... who to believe?
user Sasha reports: 06/11/2017 at 04:21
Hello! I am graduating from my specialty this year, I will be awarded the qualification of a specialist. I study with full reimbursement of tuition costs (commercial). Can I apply for a master's degree budget? After all, a citizen of the Russian Federation can get 1 free higher education.
user Dmitriy reports: 05/31/2017 at 01:30
I am graduating from a bachelor's degree (study for money)
I plan to enter again for a bachelor's degree, but for free. Can I apply for free education and how?. And will I be able to clean up the bachelor's degree and enter the master's program in a year?
user Maksim reports: 05/29/2017 at 18:28
Good day! Received a specialist diploma in 2014. Entered the budget in the magistracy, expelled after 2 years. Can I apply for a master's program again?
user Olga reports: 05/24/2017 at 10:25
Good day!
I have bachelor's and master's degrees in economics. At the same time, the master's program was paid (at my university, evening classes were only paid). Do I have the right now to enroll in a master's program on a budget for a psychologist? Or, since you already have a master's degree, although you did not study on a budget, did your right “burn out”?
user Alina reports: 13.04.2017 at 11:59
Good day!
Please help me understand the following issues: I have a specialist diploma obtained in 2006 at a state university, but at a paid department. Do I have the right to enter the budget department of the magistracy?
My husband has a master's degree, received in 2012 at a non-state university, on a paid basis. Does he have the right to enroll in a magistracy or receive a second higher education on a budgetary basis? In both our cases, we are talking only about correspondence education. Thanks a lot in advance!
user Regina reports: 04/11/2017 at 14:17
She received her second degree in law. For three years she mastered 58 disciplines and defended her diploma with honors. At work, qualification requirements have changed and I need the first (upper) to be Legal. Judging and arguing is not an option. I'll lose my job. Can I enroll in the same institute and redefine it as the first higher education, or in another institute, and will these 58 specialties be credited to me then? Diploma to re-write and pass the GOS?
user Michael reports: 03/16/2017 at 12:42 pm
Good day! Tell me if I can apply for a position in the civil service of the category "leaders" with higher education - "Qualification Awarded Manager in the specialty" MANAGEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION ". Graduated in 2007. The fact is that there have been changes in the legislation and qualification requirements have been added: it is obligatory to have a higher education not lower than the level of a specialist, a master's degree. Do I need additional training? Thanks in advance!
user Antonina reports: 03/15/2017 at 14:16
I have read the information. Thank you. As I understand it, for me the only argument is the law on education. And also 11-FZ on amending Article 108? But how to prove that I am a certified specialist, and not a specialist? And how to prove the fact that these are sort of different things. I don’t want to get into an argument with my boss, I just want to come and say that I need a study leave, since I am a graduate and for me a master’s degree is not a second higher education. I think he will get acquainted with judicial practice, I watched it, but everything is ambiguous there
user Antonina reports: 03/15/2017 at 07:58
Please tell me how can I do this. so that the employer, without any complaints, let me go on study leave (I am a graduate. I graduated in 2010, I plan to enter the master's program). I'm afraid it will take a long time to prove that I have the right to study leave (the boss is a lawyer with experience). How exactly do I justify my right to paid leave?
user Maksim reports: 02/21/2017 at 01:20
Please tell me, is it possible after graduating from a bachelor's degree to enter one budgetary master's program, study, say, for one year, then drop out, and enroll in another budgetary master's program in a different specialty?
user Nikita reports: 01/30/2017 at 22:26
Hello! I entered the university in 2014 for a specialty. Which diploma will I get: a specialist or a graduate?
user Tatyana reports: 12/20/2016 at 19:13
Hello! My son in 2015 graduated from higher education abroad (Turkey), received a diploma of "Bachelor of Arts". At the moment, will he be able to enter the magistracy of a military university for free? Or will it be like the first higher? Thank you
user Pireeva Tatyana Yurievna reports: 12/16/2016 at 05:04
Please tell me, if I have a diploma of higher education (qualification - a specialist in the specialty of world economics), can I enroll in a master's program on its basis, but already in the specialty of general psychology?
user Larisa reports: 12/14/2016 at 02:15 pm
The new education system implies academic degrees, not just qualifications. For example, in your diploma it is said that the qualification (degree) is bachelor. That's it, you're a bachelor no questions asked. Or in your diploma it says that you have been awarded the qualification (degree) of a master. That's it, no questions, you are the Master. And the Specialist should also be said to have been awarded the qualification (degree) Specialist, and then, that's all, there are no questions about a person with such a specialist diploma.
BUT…
IF THE QUALIFICATION IS A FITCHMAN BAKER ASTRONOME TEACHER GYNECOLOGIST - IT IS A GRADUATED SPECIALIST, that is, having a diploma in a specific specialty. A graduate of the school with the qualification of a turner, also a certified specialist. Only he has a diploma of primary vocational education. And for a university graduate, he is about higher. In fact, a graduate of any educational institution who has received a diploma is a certified specialist, one who has a diploma confirming the SPECIALTY specified in the qualification.
Conclusion: if you do not say that you have been awarded the qualification (degree) of a Specialist, then you are not one.
user Igor reports: 12/12/2016 at 19:10
I have a diploma of the second sample, but in the qualification column it says computer analyst, not a specialist. Who am I?
user Victoria reports: 12/12/2016 at 12:40 pm
Good day!
Tell me, in 2010 I graduated from a university with a degree in engineering (specialty).
The diploma indicates that the qualification - Engineer was awarded. Can I apply for a free master's degree? I would like to study journalism, is it possible, and how should this be explained to the Admissions Committee?
user Paul reports: 09.12.2016 at 14:49
Hello! Tell me, if I entered the magistracy a few years ago, did not study and immediately expelled, is it possible now to enroll in another program at another university for free?
user Liya Yurievna reports: 07.12.2016 at 10:19
Please, help!!! In 2015 she received a bachelor's degree (certificate of qualification). According to the entry in the diploma, she mastered the program in the direction of preparation 050700 Pedagogy. By the decision of the State Attestation Commission, the qualification of Bachelor of Pedagogy was awarded. In the Appendix DETAILS ABOUT QUALIFICATION By the decision of the State Attestation Commission, the qualification bachelor of pedagogy 050700.62 Pedagogy was awarded. The term for mastering the full-time bachelor's / specialist's program is 4 years (we studied in absentia for 5 years, the year of admission was 2010). Further in the appendix ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Form of study: part-time. Orientation (profile) of the educational program: practical psychology in education. PLEASE! ANSWER! Do I have a diploma of SPO or HIGHER EDUCATION??? The fact is that in the dean's office they shout to me that I have a diploma of higher education (more than 3,000 hours of study !!!), and in the accounting department they pay me as according to the SPO (the difference is two thousand rubles!), Referring to the decision of the head of our district. And yet, in other regions, my colleagues (studied together) are paid as for higher education!!! Thank you very much in advance!!!
user Paul reports: 11/30/2016 at 01:43
Help with advice, I've already broken my whole head. Last year, in 2015, I received a diploma, which says: “... I mastered the program of a specialist in the specialty MEDICAL BUSINESS ... by the decision of the State Examination Commission, I was qualified as a DOCTOR.” Does this count as a graduate or as an ordinary specialist? If I go to a master's program in another direction, will it be considered the second highest? And am I eligible with such a diploma for a free magistracy?
Thanks in advance!
user Kseniya reports: 11/29/2016 at 00:44
Good afternoon. I am completely confused with my degree. Entered in 2010, graduated in 2016 (part-time). On the left side of the sheet, it is written in large size “DIPLOMA OF THE SPECIALIST”, and on the right side “this diploma indicates that XXX has mastered the program of a specialist in the specialty of jurisprudence and has successfully passed the state. final certification. By the decision of the State the examination commission was awarded the qualification of a lawyer”. Outwardly, it looks like a specialist diploma, but in content, as I understand it, is it a certified specialist? I would be grateful for clarification.
user Alexander reports: 20.10.2016 at 02:40
Hello! Now I am studying at the 6th year of Moscow State Technical University. Bauman (entered in 2011), in 2017 I receive a diploma. As far as I understand, 2016, in theory, is the last year when it was possible to get a diploma of a graduate and get the right to a free education in a master's program (since Russia has switched to new standards since 2011). But in general, for MSTU it is a little strange that now instead of the qualification “engineer” there will be a “specialist” in diplomas. Tell me, is there any chance that in 2017 I will receive a graduate and be able to apply for free education in a master's program (maybe some new information has appeared, but I'm not aware)?
user Kseniya reports: 10/11/2016 at 00:53
Tell me, please, do I have the right to enter a budgetary master's program if I am a graduate, but a candidate of science?
user Ekaterina reports:

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

THE FEDERAL LAW

On the introduction of amendments and additions to the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" (in terms of establishing two levels of higher professional education)

Include in the Law of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1992 No. 3266-1 "On Education" (as amended by the Federal Law of January 13, 1996 No. 12-FZ) (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1996, No. 3, Art. 150; 1997 , No. 47, item 5341; 2000, No. 30, item 3120, No. 33, item 3348, No. 44, item 4399; 2002, No. 7, item 631; No. 12, item 1093; No. 26, Article 2517, No. 30, Article 3029, No. 52 (part 1) Article 5132, 2003, No. 2, Article 163, No. 28, Article 2892, No. 50, Article 4855, 2004, No. 10 Article 835, No. 27, Article 2714, No. 30, Article 3086, No. 35, Article 3607) the following changes and additions:

1) in Article 9:

subparagraph 3 of paragraph 5 shall be supplemented with the words "(bachelor's programs; master's programs and specialist training programs)";

paragraph 7 after the words "this Law" shall be supplemented with the words "other federal laws adopted in accordance with it";

2) the first paragraph of paragraph 3 of Article 16 shall be supplemented with two sentences of the following content:

“The admission of citizens on a competitive basis to higher educational institutions is carried out separately for undergraduate, specialist and master's programs. The right to participate in the competition for studying in master's programs or training of a specialist is enjoyed by persons who have successfully completed their studies in undergraduate programs.”;

3) paragraph 3 of Article 23 shall be stated in the following wording:

"Secondary vocational education can be obtained in educational institutions that implement programs of secondary vocational education.";

4) in Article 24:

Paragraph 3 shall be amended as follows:

“3. Persons with secondary vocational education of the relevant profile may receive higher vocational education in shortened accelerated bachelor's programs.”;

paragraph 4 shall be deleted;

5) in Article 27:

a) the first paragraph of clause 4 after the words "municipal educational institution" shall be supplemented with the words "according to programs";

6) in paragraph 5:

subparagraph 5 shall be amended as follows:

"5) higher professional education - bachelor's degree"; supplement with subparagraph 6 of the following content: "6) higher professional education - magistracy or specialist training;";

b) the third paragraph of paragraph 20 of Article 33 shall be amended as follows: “The first certification of newly created educational institutions of primary general, basic general and secondary (complete) general education, as well as higher professional education can be carried out in stages, respectively, according to the levels of education - primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general - and levels of education: bachelor's, master's and (or) specialist training.

Include in the Federal Law of August 22, 1996 No. 125-FZ "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1996, No. 35, Art. 4135; 2000, No. 29, Art. 3001, No. 33, Art. 3348; 2002, No. 26, Article 2517; 2003, No. 2, Article 163, No. 14 Article 1254, No. 28, Article 2888; 2004, No. 35, Article 3607) the following changes and additions:

1) in Article 6:

a) in the title of the article the word "Steps" shall be replaced by the word "Levels";

b) in paragraph 1 the words "continuously and in stages" shall be replaced by the words "by levels";

c) in paragraph 2:

in the first paragraph, the word "stages" shall be replaced by the word "levels"; the third paragraph shall be deleted;

the fourth paragraph shall be supplemented with the words “or the qualifications of a “specialist””;

d) the first paragraph of paragraph 3 shall be stated as follows:

“3. The education of persons who have not completed their studies in the basic educational program of the bachelor's degree, but who have successfully passed the intermediate certification (for at least two years of study), is recognized as incomplete higher professional education and is confirmed by the issuance of standard diplomas of incomplete higher professional education.

e) in paragraph 4:

"4. The normative terms for mastering the main educational programs of higher professional education in full-time education are:”;

in the second paragraph, the words “at least four years” shall be replaced by the words “from three to four years, depending on the direction of training (specialty)”;

the third paragraph shall be deleted;

in the fourth paragraph, the words “not less than six years” shall be replaced by the words “two years”;

supplement the paragraph with two new paragraphs of the following content:

“to obtain the qualification “specialist” - from one to two years, depending on the direction of training (specialty).

The list of areas of training (specialties) for which the state standard of higher education may establish other normative terms for the development of undergraduate, graduate or specialist training programs is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.”;

f) clause 5 shall be stated in the following wording:

"5. Persons who have received state documents on higher professional education of a certain level have the right to continue on a competitive basis (including without interruption in their studies) training in the educational program of higher professional education of the next level.”;

g) in paragraph 6 the word "levels" shall be replaced by the word "levels";

h) in paragraph 7:

in the first paragraph, the words "of the corresponding level" shall be replaced by the words "of the corresponding level"; the word “grounds” shall be replaced by the word “condition”;

the second paragraph after the words "Qualification "bachelor"" shall be supplemented with the words ", qualification "specialist", qualification "master""; after the word “right” add the word “claim”, and after the words “higher professional education” add the words “appropriate level”;

supplement the paragraph with the fourth paragraph of the following content:

“The procedure for admission to certain professional activities may provide for the applicant to pass a qualifying exam (examinations) and (or) fulfill other requirements established by federal law.”;

2) in Article 7:

a) in paragraphs 1 and 2 the words "on the appropriate education" shall be replaced by the words "on the appropriate level of education";

b) clause 3 shall be stated in the following wording:

“3. The following types of documents are established, which certify the completion of higher professional education at various levels:

bachelor's diploma;

master's degree, specialist's diploma.

3) in Article 10:

a) in paragraph 3 the words “The right to implement educational programs of higher education” shall be replaced by the words “The right to implement educational programs of undergraduate, graduate and (or) specialist training”;

b) in paragraph 4:

in the first paragraph, the words “on educational programs of higher and” shall be replaced by the words “on educational programs of undergraduate, graduate and (or) specialist training, as well as”;

the third paragraph after the words “new to him” shall be supplemented with the words “levels of higher professional education and postgraduate professional education, as well as”;

c) Paragraph two of clause 6 shall be supplemented with the words “and levels of higher professional education”;

d) in the second paragraph of clause 7, the word "stages" shall be replaced by the word "levels";

4) in Article 11:

a) in paragraph 1:

the first paragraph shall be amended as follows:

"one. Admission to higher educational institutions is carried out on the basis of applications from citizens on a competitive basis based on the results of entrance examinations, with the exception of cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation on education. Admission to higher education institutions is carried out separately for undergraduate, specialist and master's programs. Persons with a secondary (complete) general or secondary vocational education have the right to participate in the competition for undergraduate studies. The right to participate in the competition for studying in master's programs or training of a specialist is enjoyed by persons who have successfully completed their studies in undergraduate programs. The procedure for the admission of citizens to higher educational institutions in the part not regulated by this Federal Law is determined by the founder of the higher educational institution.”;

in the second paragraph, the words “corresponding to the level and (or) steps” shall be replaced by the words “corresponding to the level”;

in the third paragraph, the second sentence shall be supplemented with the words "of the appropriate level";

b) in the first paragraph of clause 2, the first sentence shall be stated as follows:

"The levels of higher professional education and areas of training (specialty) are determined by the license.";

c) in clause 4, in the first sentence, the words “in accordance with this Federal Law” shall be replaced by the words “confirmed by the assignment to a person who has successfully passed the final certification of the qualification (degree) “master” or the qualification “specialist””;

d) in the first paragraph of clause 7, the words “according to the accelerated educational program of higher professional education” shall be replaced by the words “according to the accelerated educational program of the bachelor's degree”;

5) in Article 24:

a) Paragraph 2 shall be supplemented with subparagraph 10 of the following content:

"10) establishment of a list of areas of training (specialties) for which the state standard of higher education may establish other normative terms for mastering bachelor's, master's or specialist training programs compared to those provided for by this Federal Law.";

6) subparagraph 14 of paragraph 3 after the words "established by the federal executive authorities," add the words "for training in programs of the appropriate level of higher professional education."

This Federal Law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.

A diploma of a specialist with a higher professional education is issued to persons studying under programs that provide for the qualification of a “certified specialist” to a person who has successfully passed the final certification, until the termination of training in these programs in the Russian Federation in accordance with this Federal Law.

The qualification "certified specialist" obtained in a state-accredited higher education institution before the termination of studies in the Russian Federation under the programs of training a certified specialist is equated to the qualification "specialist".

President of Russian Federation

EXPLANATORY NOTE

to the draft federal law "On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Vocational Education" (in terms of establishing two levels of higher professional education)

1. The draft federal law “On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” and the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” provides for the introduction in the Russian Federation of a two-level system of higher professional education: bachelor's degree (first level), master's degree or training a specialist on the basis of a bachelor's degree (second level).

Federal Law No. 125-FZ of August 22, 1996 “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” (with subsequent amendments as of July 7, 2003) provides that the main educational programs of higher professional education can be implemented continuously and in stages:

- "bachelor" (the term of mastering the main educational programs is not less than four years);

- "certified specialist" (the term of mastering the main educational programs is not less than five years, except for the cases stipulated by the relevant state educational standards);

- "Master" (the term of mastering the main educational programs is not less than six years).

The relationship between the named levels of higher professional education is not established by law, the conditions for the transition from one level to another are not defined. The linear approach to the formation of the main educational programs of higher professional education prevails, the so-called. mono programs.

3. By this draft law, bachelor's and master's programs or the training of a specialist on the basis of a bachelor's degree are considered as independent educational levels of higher education with separate entrance examinations for admission to study in the relevant programs, separate state educational standards, independent final certification, based on the results of which a qualification (degree) is appropriately assigned ) "bachelor" or "master" or qualification "specialist".

Licensing, certification and state accreditation of higher education institutions for undergraduate, graduate and specialist training programs are also proposed to be carried out separately.

It is proposed to establish a standard period of study for undergraduate programs - from 3 to 4 years, depending on the direction of training (specialty). To enroll in master's programs (the standard duration of study is two years) or specialist training programs (the standard duration of study is from 1 to 2 years), you will need to have a bachelor's degree. Access to postgraduate studies is granted only to persons who have the qualification (degree) "master" or the qualification "specialist". For some areas of training and specialties (for example, medical specialties), it is possible to establish other standard terms of study. The list of areas of training (specialties) for which the state standard of higher education may establish other normative terms for mastering bachelor's, master's or specialist training programs will be approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Admission to higher educational institutions for training under programs that provide for the assignment of a person who has successfully passed the final certification, the qualification "certified specialist", is proposed to be terminated from the date determined by the legislator. The qualification "certified specialist" obtained in a state-accredited higher education institution before the termination of studies in the Russian Federation under the programs for the training of a certified specialist is proposed to be equated with the qualification "specialist".

4. The need to develop a draft federal law “On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” and the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” (in terms of establishing two levels of higher professional education) is due to a number of reasons.

In September 2003, the Russian Federation acceded to the 1999 Bologna Declaration. Thus, Russia assumed the obligation to join the single educational space of Europe and acquired, along with other states participating in the process (and there are already 40 of them), the right to influence the decisions made. The idea is to achieve complete harmonization of the higher education systems of the countries of the continent by 2010, which means to increase its competitiveness and attractiveness in the world market. However, in order to fully participate in the Bologna process, our country, in accordance with the decision of the Berlin Conference in 2003, will have to complete in 2004-2010. to take a number of measures to modernize education, and, in particular, to introduce systems of multi-level higher education (bachelor - master) comparable to the pan-European ones.

5. The adoption of the proposed draft law will create the prerequisites for eliminating structural discrepancies that are acutely manifested in the labor market between the demand and supply of personnel with higher professional education. A two-tier system will restore controllability in the system of interconnections between higher professional education and the economy, dramatically increase the efficiency of the use of budgetary funds, as well as involve employers in forecasting future needs in education and significantly expand their participation in financing training, mainly at the second stage.

The introduction of a two-tier system of higher professional education in the Russian Federation will make it possible to implement one of the main principles of the Bologna process, aimed at harmonizing the Russian and European educational systems, and will contribute to the development of the export of Russian educational services. Diplomas of Russian universities will be recognized in European countries. At the same time, it should be emphasized that the content of educational programs should reflect the national traditions of the Russian higher education.

The adoption of the bill will not require the allocation of additional funds from the federal budget.

CONCEPT

Draft Federal Law “On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” and the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Vocational Education” (in terms of establishing two levels of higher professional education)”

1. The proposed bill provides for the introduction in the Russian Federation of a two-tier system of higher professional education - bachelor's and master's programs or training of a specialist on the basis of a bachelor's degree. This measure will strengthen the fundamental nature of education and significantly facilitate the adaptation of graduates in the labor market. At the same time, it will provide the necessary prerequisites for effective state regulation of the relationship between the education system and the dynamically developing modern economy.

Bachelor's and master's programs or training of a specialist on the basis of a bachelor's degree are considered as two levels (educational qualifications) of higher education with separate entrance tests for admission to study in the relevant programs, separate state educational standards, independent final certification, based on the results of which a qualification (degree) is appropriately assigned "bachelor" or "master" or qualification "specialist". Licensing, certification and state accreditation of higher education institutions for undergraduate, graduate and specialist training programs are also proposed to be carried out separately.

It is supposed to establish a normative period of study for undergraduate programs - from 3 to 4 years, depending on the direction of training (specialty). To enroll in master's programs (the standard duration of study is two years) or specialist training programs (the standard duration of study is from 1 to 2 years), you will need to have a bachelor's degree. Access to postgraduate studies is granted only to persons who have the qualification (degree) "master" or the qualification "specialist". For some areas of training and specialties (for example, medical specialties), it is possible to establish other standard terms of study. The list of areas of training (specialties) for which the state standard of higher education may establish other normative terms for mastering bachelor's, master's or specialist training programs will be approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The list of areas of training (specialties) of higher professional education under programs of the appropriate level will be established by the Government of the Russian Federation on the basis of consultations with representatives of employers and based on the socio-economic needs of the country in personnel.

2. At present, the Russian Federation has a system of higher professional education, in which elements of a two-level system are intertwined with elements of the higher education system of the Soviet era.

Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" dated August 22, 1996 No. 125-FZ (with subsequent amendments and additions as of July 7, 2003) provides that the main educational programs of higher professional education can be implemented continuously and in stages .

The law establishes the following levels of higher professional education:

higher professional education, confirmed by the assignment to a person who has successfully passed the final certification, qualifications (degrees) "bachelor" (the term for mastering the main educational programs is at least four years);

higher professional education, confirmed by the assignment to a person who has successfully passed the final certification, the qualification "certified specialist" (the term for mastering the main educational programs is at least five years, except for cases provided for by the relevant state educational standards);

higher professional education, confirmed by the assignment to a person who has successfully passed the final certification, qualifications (degrees) "Master" (the period of mastering the main educational programs is not less than six years).

Completion of higher professional education at various levels is certified by a bachelor's degree, a specialist's diploma with a higher professional education, and a master's degree. The education of persons who have not completed their studies in the main educational program of higher professional education, but who have successfully passed an intermediate certification (for at least two years of study), is recognized as incomplete higher professional education and is confirmed by the issuance of standard diplomas, although such diplomas do not give the right to engage in the relevant professional activities and their legal significance corresponds to the value of an academic certificate.

The ratio between the mentioned levels of higher professional education is not established by the Law.

The current Procedure for the development, approval and implementation of the state educational standard of higher professional education was approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 10, 1993 No. 773 on the basis of Art. 7 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and with the adoption in 1996. The Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" has not changed. The named resolution determines that the State educational standard of higher professional education is approved:

in terms of general requirements for the structure of higher professional education and educational programs of higher professional education, the conditions for their implementation, the standards of the student workload and its maximum volume - by the Government of the Russian Federation;

in terms of state requirements for a minimum content, the level of training of graduates in specific areas (specialties) of higher professional education, for samples of documents on higher professional education, a list of areas (specialties), rules for state control over compliance with the standard by the federal executive body in charge of higher education , in agreement with the federal executive authorities in charge of higher education institutions.

Thus, even at the level of a by-law, the participation of federal executive bodies that manage the economy and labor, as well as the participation of employers' representatives in the discussion of the list of areas (specialties) of higher professional education, is not provided for.

In pursuance of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 10, 1993 No. 773, the State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 12, 1994 No. 940) was approved, containing the structure of higher professional education, at least terminologically different from that enshrined in the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education". The named State Educational Standard establishes three levels (not steps) of higher professional education (paragraphs 3.1 - 3.3).

The first level of higher professional education according to the Standard is incomplete higher education, which must be carried out by a higher educational institution as part of the main professional educational program in the amount of at least the first two years of study. Completion by the student of the specified part of the main professional educational program should allow him to continue higher education or, if desired, to receive a diploma of incomplete higher education without final certification. The specific volume and content of incomplete higher education are reflected in the supplement to the diploma.

The second level of higher professional education according to the Standard is education that should be carried out by a higher educational institution according to the main professional educational program that provides training for specialists with a bachelor's degree. The main professional educational program should include humanitarian, socio-economic, natural science disciplines of a general scientific nature, as well as general professional disciplines, special disciplines and practice that have a professional purpose. The standard period of study must be at least four years. This program ends with a final certification with the assignment of a graduate qualification "bachelor", certified by a diploma.

The third level of higher professional education according to the Standard is education, which should be carried out by a higher educational institution in the main professional educational programs of two types, providing training for specialists with the qualification "master" or the traditionally indicated qualification - "engineer", "teacher", "agronomist", " economist”, etc. (the generalized name of the qualification is “specialist”). At the same time, master's training provides for the development of the main professional educational program, which consists of a bachelor's program in the relevant direction and at least two years of specialized training, including practice involving research and (or) scientific and pedagogical activity of the graduate. The total standard period of study must be at least six years (clause 3.1.1).

The State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 12, 1994 No. 940, also contains general requirements for the list of areas (specialties) of higher professional education, which are as follows (clauses 7.1 -7.2):

the list should cover existing and prospective areas of science, technology and culture. Each direction (specialty) should have social and personal significance;

the list is approved by the federal (central) state authority for higher education in cooperation with interested ministries and departments.

the list is part of this state educational standard of higher professional education and is referred to as: “State educational standard of higher professional education. Classifier of areas and specialties of higher professional education.

Thus, the list of areas of training and specialties of higher professional education, including the list of areas of training of bachelors and masters, the list of specialties for the training of graduates and the list of areas of training of graduates, constitutes an element of the state educational standard of higher professional education and is currently approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation (current The list was approved by order of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated November 8, 2000 No. 3200 (with subsequent changes and additions as of September 25, 2003) without the participation of state bodies that manage the economy and labor, as well as consultations with employers.

The need to adopt the Federal Law “On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” and the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” (in terms of establishing two levels of higher professional education)” is due to a number of reasons.

The modern economy is characterized by dynamism, as well as rapid and deep structural shifts, which have twofold consequences for the highly specialized training of highly qualified personnel. First, the long-term need for such training is to a certain extent reduced in relation to the training of generalists who acquire and change their specialization within the framework of the system of continuous education. Secondly, the continuing need for highly specialized training can be reliably predicted by government agencies and employers for no more than two years. An essential condition for the effective use of budgetary funds is the coincidence of budgeting horizons and forecasting of those needs that are realized with the help of the budget. Thus, it is objectively necessary to move from budgeting highly specialized training for a period of five years to a combination of medium-term budgeting for general training with budgeting for specializations with a horizon of one to two years. This, in turn, requires changes in the organization of higher education, which took shape during the period of a comprehensive five-year production planning and was an element of the integration of universities into the sectoral management system.

Ultimately, the objective needs of the modern economy led to a consistent transition to a two-level higher education in the EU countries (the Bologna process). Appropriate changes in our country will help maintain and strengthen the competitiveness of domestic higher education.

The transition to a two-level system of higher vocational education in the formation of a list of areas of training with the participation of state bodies that manage the economy and labor, as well as consultations with employers, will reduce the number of specialties and areas of training. The first level of higher education (bachelor's degree) will provide an opportunity for successful work where many university graduates go today - graduates (line managers, sales specialists, administrators, etc.). Three- or four-year training at the first level will be carried out in a small number of basic areas, and in-depth specialization will take place at the second level - in the magistracy or "specialist", based on the staffing needs of the economy and the social sphere. Thus, the transition to a two-tier system of higher professional education should contribute to an increase in the efficiency of using budgetary funds, the quality of higher education, and its demand for the country's economy and social sphere.

In September 2003, the Russian Federation acceded to the 1999 Bologna Declaration. Thus, Russia assumed the obligation to join the single educational space of Europe and acquired, along with other states participating in the process (and there are already 40 of them), the right to influence the decisions made. The idea is to achieve complete harmonization of the higher education systems of the countries of the continent by 2010, which means to increase its competitiveness and attractiveness in the world market. However, in order to fully participate in the Bologna process, our country, in accordance with the decision of the Berlin Conference in 2003, will have to complete in 2004-2010. to take a number of measures to modernize education and, in particular, to introduce systems of multi-level higher education (bachelor - master) comparable with the pan-European ones.

It is proposed to legislate the introduction of a two-tier system of higher professional education in the Russian Federation by introducing amendments and additions to certain articles of the current federal laws on education.

It is proposed to amend or supplement the following articles of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education":

article 9 (in terms of clarifying the composition of higher professional education programs and legal methods for establishing standard terms for their development);

Article 16 (regarding the separate admission of citizens on a competitive basis to higher educational institutions for undergraduate and graduate or specialist programs);

articles 24 and 27 (in terms of establishing two levels of higher professional education - bachelor's and master's programs or specialist training);

article 33 (regarding separate licensing, attestation and state accreditation of higher educational institutions for undergraduate, graduate and (or) specialist training programs).

The Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" proposes to amend and supplement the following articles:

article 6 (in terms of establishing two levels of higher professional education - ba

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