How to explain to a child what syllables are. What is a syllable, what are their types, how to divide words into syllables

Identifying syllables in words is an important step in learning to read. To teach a child to correctly divide words into syllables, and then add whole words from various syllables, it is necessary to find the right approach and choose the right set of exercises. There are methods to introduce preschoolers to reading and syllable division at home. Starting classes with early age, you will greatly facilitate the work of your child in the future, when it comes time to go to school.

Stages of learning to read

In order for the development of the material to be easy and effective, it is worth knowing the main stages of learning to read. Haste and untimeliness in this matter will not lead to quick results, but rather discourage the desire to learn from the child for a long time. It is also important to know what place syllable division plays in teaching reading.

Consider the following steps:

sound (acquisition of skills to distinguish sounds in a word and name them);
alphabetic (learning letters);
syllable division (dividing words into syllables, identifying syllables by ear, adding them into words);
reading words individually, in phrases and sentences.

The most important sign that a child is ready to start learning to read is his interest in letters and words. “What is this letter?”, “How to write it?”, “What is this word?” - all these questions signal that it is time to start active reading.

Reading Teaching Methods

There are five popular methods.

Sound-letter, or the Elkonin method. This is enough a complex system, targeted at ages 6-7, therefore not suitable for preschoolers.
Traditional speech therapy. According to this system, N. S. Zhukova's primer was compiled. A combination of classic and modern technologies learning is popular in schools. Children should be brought to this method gradually by the age of 6 in order to simplify schooling.
Doman method. Glenn Doman is a neuroscientist. He developed a system for teaching reading to mentally retarded children. On the this moment this system is also used with healthy children in the early stages of development. The method is to show the child words written in bright red letters and repeat them several times a day. Thus, visual memory develops, letters and words are remembered.
Zaitsev's method. It is based on the addition of ready-made syllables written on cubes. Suitable for preschoolers. The method is popular, but not officially used in schools.
Montessori system. Children first learn to write letters using frames and special inserts, and then learn the letters themselves and the corresponding sounds.

In the Doman method, whole words are studied at once, and in Zaitsev, syllables plus words, so if you choose these methods, the stage of learning syllable division merges with the letter stage. When your child knows the names of some letters and sounds and he will have a good lexicon, you can connect the following exercises to your classes.

Complex of games and exercises

Taking into account the existing stages and methods of teaching reading, you form the entire studying proccess. After the child has learned the letters and sounds, you can begin to teach the child to read by syllables. It is best to conduct classes in a playful way - this way the preschooler will be more comfortable, moreover, this will increase interest in reading in general.

So, what games can be used in the learning process?

The game "How many syllables - so many steps!". To begin with, it is worth teaching the child to hear syllables in words and pronounce them. You need to explain to him that in a word the number of syllables equals the number of vowels (you can remind him that vowels are sounds that “can sing”, and sing these sounds with him). Start this game with simple words with one or two vowels, preferably repeated: mom, dad, Sasha, hall, garden; table, yard, milk, etc. When you repeat all the vowels separately, gradually complicate the game, including words with different sounds: summer, Vova, heaven, Luntik, etc.
"Walkers". It is pointless for children of 5 years old to explain the rules for attaching sonorous sounds to syllables, as well as transferring consonant letters to other consonants, as in the word no-ski. Use games with memorizing specific syllables. Draw a poster with a map of a fictitious city. At each station, in a frame, draw syllables with a bright felt-tip pen, start with simple ones: at station 1 - MI, at station 2 - SHA, at station 3 - DE, at station 4 - YES. Give your child a car and travel around the city with him. Ask him to name syllables, for each correct answer, give a chip. Reward for completing the entire game with a medal. Make several of these posters with different stations and syllables.
"Magnets". An effective game if you set out to teach your child to syllable not only simple, but also complex words. Get letter magnets, attach them to the refrigerator or magnetic board. Together with your child, make up a few words every day using syllables from magnets. It could be some kind of code to get an extra 10 minutes of watching the cartoon. Or the trick "divide the word BA-NAN into syllables and get a banana." Make up a compound word, for example, the surname - ALEKSEEVA. And ask the child to divide it into syllables. Help if he fails.
"House-man-vegetable". Cut out several houses and glue to whatman paper. Each house will have a name, such as MA or TO. Cut out the little men and give each a name that begins with the syllable that the houses are called (Masha and Tom). Ask the child to correctly connect the person and the house according to the first syllable. Then Masha and Toma will go to the store and buy fruits or vegetables there that begin with the syllables “ma” and “to” (tangerines, tomatoes). Cut out or draw a shop with various products.
"Write in the sand." Learning to write letters on a multi-colored semolina. Children like to draw in the sand, you can buy multi-colored sand in the store, or color the semolina, put it on a tray and show the child how to write various letters and syllables. It develops fine motor skills and creativity.
"Combine syllables into words." You can gradually move to more difficult exercises. Write the syllables on the cards and ask them to make a word. Suggest short words first, then long ones. Make a pyramid of words: at the top is the shortest word, and at the bottom is the longest.
"I'm following." Write words on A4 sheets, distribute the sheets throughout the apartment, and put a prize at the finish line (toy, ticket for attractions), ask the child to follow in the footsteps. Stepping on each, he needs to name the word by syllables. You can also write separate syllables so that with each step the child gets a new word. By doing this simple but interesting exercise, the child will learn how to connect syllables.
"Find another word in the word." I dined (lunch, gave), GARDEN (city, clan), etc.
Texts for reading to preschoolers. Small texts by which the child can begin to read syllables in words. Use rhyming texts and tongue twisters (“Mom washed the frame”, “We have fun in the countryside”). First, the child must memorize the whole phrase, and then divide it into syllables.

Remember: the game is an optional activity, so do not force the child to do what he does not want, but rather motivate him or reschedule the lesson for another time. The more colorful the game is designed, the longer the preschooler will be occupied with it, and the better the results will be.

Teaching children to divide words into syllables is a very important task for adults. Possession of such a skill will be useful to a first grader in mastering school literacy. For children attending a speech therapy group, this is an even more important task! As you know, preschool children with speech pathology have serious violations in the syllabic structure of words. Children cannot reproduce words with a complex syllabic structure, rearrange, replace, skip sounds and syllables, for example: “snegiik” (“snowman”), “visiped” (“bicycle”), etc. The skill of dividing words into syllables will help the child cope with this problem and will help improve diction.

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"Teaching children to divide words into syllables"

How to divide words into syllables?

1 rule: the child puts the back of the hand to the chin from below.

Rule 2: the child slowly pronounces the word, diligently pronouncing the vowels.

3rd rule: when pronouncing, the child counts how many times his mouth opened (and his chin rested on his palm). The count can be done by unbending or bending the fingers, as it is more convenient.

4th rule: the child concludes, for example: “In the word“ drum ”three syllable."

! When the child learns the concept of “vowel sound”, it is important for him to remember the following rule: “How many vowels in a word, the same number of syllables.

RULES OF THE GAME:

Using the palm under the chin, determine how many syllables are in the name of the toy.
Select the correct syllabic scheme, and delete the excess with a mouse click. The correct scheme will not be deleted!

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

game - presentation "We divide words into syllables"

A funny little train helps the child determine the number of syllables in a word. A picture appears on the screen, the child clicks on the trailer with the required number of windows (syllables). if the choice is right...

The game "Divide words into syllables" (topic: "Animals of hot countries")

Using the hand under the chin (palm down), determine how many syllables are in the name of the animal. How many times the mouth opens (the chin rests on the hand), so many syllables in the word. Mouth open...

The problem of dividing words into syllables in the Russian language is one of the most difficult in modern linguistics and has not been fully resolved. This is due to the lack of a common understanding of the essence of the syllable. The impossibility to fix the signs of a syllable as a whole, the phonetic lack of expression of the border between syllables leads some linguists to the idea that there is no syllable division in the Russian language at all.

Now there are two main theories of syllables: R. I. Avanesova (Moscow Phonological School) and L. V. Shcherba (Leningrad Phonological School). The rules for division into syllables in these two theories are somewhat different. The Leningrad school divides into syllables in the way that is habitual to the ear of a Soviet citizen and as was previously taught in all Russian schools (and therefore its rules are called "old" by the people), while the Moscow one is completely different ("new rules").

But since at the moment none of these schools has refuted the other, the rules of syllable division can be formulated differently in different textbooks, depending on the position of which phonological school the author of the textbook shares.

If earlier we divided words into syllables and transferred these words according to the same rule, we adhered to Shcherba's theory. In Avanesov's theory, these processes are controlled by 2 different rules and the division of a word into syllables often does not coincide with the division into parts of a word (prefix, root, suffix, ending) and with the division of a word for transfer. So, the word cat should be divided into syllables according to Shcherba's theory like this: cat-ka, according to Avanesov's theory like this: cat-shka.

For example, the word calculated divided into morphemes calculated(ras - prefix, count - root; a, nn - suffixes; th - ending).

The same word, when transferred, is divided as follows: calculated.

According to Avanesov, the word is divided into syllables as follows: calculated.

"Old" rules of division into syllables. Leningrad School Shcherba L.V.

1. Words are divided into syllables. There are as many syllables in a word as there are vowels in it.

2. The sound й does not form a syllable; it cannot be separated from the preceding vowel. Example: Lei-ka, May-ka, sing-te, build-ka.

3. You can not tear off the letters b and b from the previous consonant. Example: sit down, strong, porch, entrance.

4. You can not separate the consonant from the vowel following it. It is necessary to divide words into syllables like this: kar-tin-ka, re-bya-ta, ka-lit-ka, la-ger.

5. If there are 2 consonants in a row in a word, the syllable division passes between them. If there are more than 2 consonants in a row, the syllable section actually goes in the way that is more convenient to pronounce. Examples: holiday - day, sun.

"New" rules for dividing words into syllables in Russian (Moscow school. Litnevskaya E.I. Russian language: A short theoretical course for schoolchildren. M., 2006)

1. There are as many syllables in a word as there are vowels; two vowels cannot be within the same syllable.

A syllable is one sound or several sounds pronounced with one expiratory push of air: vo-yes, na-y-ka. Consonants are non-syllabic. When pronouncing a word, consonants "stretch" to vowels, forming a syllable together with vowels.

2. The syllable may consist of one sound (and then it is necessarily a vowel) or several sounds (in this case, in addition to the vowel, there is a consonant or a group of consonants in the syllable): rim - o-bo-doc; country - country; night light - night light; miniature - mi-ni-a-tu-ra.

3. Syllables are open and closed.

An open syllable ends in a vowel sound: water, country.

A closed syllable ends in a consonant: sleep, liner.

There are more open syllables in Russian. Closed syllables are usually observed at the end of a word: no-chnik (the first syllable is open, the second is closed), o-bo-dok (the first two syllables are open, the third is closed).

In the middle of a word, a syllable, as a rule, ends in a vowel sound, and a consonant or a group of consonants after a vowel usually goes to the next syllable: no-chnik, announcer.

In the middle of a word closed syllables can form only unpaired voiced consonants [th], [p], [p '], [l], [l '], [m], [m '], [n], [n '] (sonorant): May -ka, Sonya-ka, so-scrap-ka.

4. Sometimes two consonants can be written in a word, and one sound, for example: get rid of [izh: yt ']. Therefore, in this case, two syllables are distinguished: and-to live. The division into parts from-live corresponds to the rules of word hyphenation, and not to division into syllables.

The same can be traced on the example of the verb to leave, in which the combination of consonants zzh sounds like one sound [zh:]; therefore, the division into syllables will be - y-e-give, and the division of the word for transfer - leave-reap.

Especially often errors are observed when syllables are distinguished from forms of verbs ending in -tsya, -tsya. The division of curl-sya, presses-sya is a division into parts for transfer, and not a division into syllables, since in such forms the combination of letters ts, ts sounds like one sound [ts]. When dividing into syllables, the combinations of the letters ts, ts go entirely to the next syllable: vi-tsya, zhmo-tsya.

5. When combining several consonants in the middle of a word:

Two identical consonants necessarily go to the next syllable: o-leak, yes;

Two or more consonants usually go to the next syllable: sha-pka, equal.
The exception is combinations of consonants in which the first is an unpaired voiced (sonorant): the letters p, p, l, l, m, m, n, n: mar-ka, dawn-ka, bul-ka, stel-ka, lady- ka, ban-ka, ban-ka. That is, if a sonorous consonant is followed by a paired consonant in deafness / voicedness, the syllable boundary passes between them. Example: Spar-so.

If after й any other consonant follows, the syllable boundary passes between them: lay-ka, lay-ner.

To summarize the rule more intelligibly:

Words are "chopped" into syllables after each vowel. How many vowels, so many syllables.

BUT: if after the vowel there are p, p, l, l, m, m, n, n and behind them there is also a paired consonant, they (sonor and sonorant with b) go to the previous syllable; if after й there is any other consonant, й departs to the previous syllable.

If these consonants are 2 identical (nn, mm, ll ..., 2 any sonorous, paired, first paired then unpaired), they go to the next syllable.

In order not to get confused, refresh your head and transfer rules >>

How to determine how many syllables are in a word? There are as many syllables in a word as there are vowels in it.

Examples of words with one syllable: sound, wolf, class, goose, hedgehog, elephant, beetle, spruce, beast, snake, table, mushroom, leaf, door, chair, house, elk, speech, stump, bison, cat, edge.
Examples of words with two syllables: answer, vowel, bear, pit, stork, lesson, tongue, hare, hares, anchor, hedgehog, autumn, spinning top, walnut, snake, fox, hawk, friends, kettle, squirrel, wasp, long, blow, Russian, window, Jura, watermelon, seagull, iron, willow, Christmas tree, notebook, carrot, fire, duck, skates, ear, school, bee, fly, June, box, blizzard, hoarfrost, boy, glass, days, fairy tale, blizzard, Julia, Yasha, deer, sun, family.
Words with 3 syllables: teacher, cucumber, harvest, berry, what, apple, vegetables, sparrow, consonant, parrot, student, shock, trees, pencil, Maria, alphabet, butterfly, line, saucepan, Russia, large, copybook, alley, Christmas tree.
Words with four syllables: monkey, bicycle, acacia.
Words with 5 syllables: stress, mathematics, literature, white-headed.

Shall we practice dividing into syllables?

How many syllables are in the word sound? 1 vowel means 1 syllable sound.

How many syllables are in the word CUCUMBER? 3 vowels means 3 syllables: o|gu|rets, the word is divided into syllables equally according to the "old" and "new" rules.

How many syllables are in the word teacher? 3 vowels, means 3 syllables: u|chi|tel, the word is divided into syllables equally according to the "old" and "new" rules.

How many syllables are in the word ANSWER? 2 vowels means 2 syllables. According to Shcherba's theory, we divide into syllables as an answer, according to Avanesov, an answer.

How many syllables are in the word vowel? 2 vowels means 2 syllables. According to Shcherba we divide the vowel, according to Avanesov we divide the vowel.

We will be happy to help you divide any word into syllables. Ask your questions in the comments.

Natalia Chernyshova
Abstract of the lesson on teaching literacy “Syllabus. Dividing words into syllables "(preparatory group)

LESSON #7.

Topic. Syllable. Dividing words into syllables.

Target: give an idea of syllable, learn to share words into syllables,

distinguish between one-, two-, and three-syllable words; improve the articulation apparatus of children, develop lexicon, thinking, speech; develop the ability to hear and listen to spoken words.

Equipment: subject pictures, toys, cards - diagrams.

Lesson progress:

Come on, everyone - stand in a circle,

All of a sudden they held hands

We will stand by and answer questions.

We start to study, we will try the whole lesson,

Repeat, do not yawn, remember everything.

1. REVIEW OF LEARNED IN THE PREVIOUS CLASSES

1. CONVERSATION. (A toy - Mishutka takes an active part in the conversation)

What do these diagrams mean?

(The teacher shows different diagrams.)

- How do we define words- item names? (one straight line)

- How do we define words are the names of actions? (two straight lines)

- How do we define words- signs of objects? (wavy line)

What questions are answered words- item names words are the names of actions, words- signs of objects?

yoke: "Count how many words in a sentence» .

The teacher says a sentence of two to four words, and the child determines by ear the number words in a sentence.

For example: The bear is sleeping. (2-words)

WORK AT THE BOARD

Laying out proposals perceived by ear.

The teacher pronounces the sentence in full. Together with the child determines the amount by ear words in a sentence. The second time he pronounces the sentence not in full, but dictates according to words like a dictation. The child writes the sentence on the blackboard.

Bear cub performs this task. (CHILDREN HELP AND CORRECT HIM.)

2. MOTIVATION TRAINING

Creation of a problem situation.

Mishutka and Pinocchio decided to hold a running competition. They invite you "get sick" for the athletes. What does it mean to cheer for athletes?

Which one of you was in the competition?

Where do they go?

What are the names of those who "sick" for athletes? What are they doing?

You will be fans. The girls will cheer for Pinocchio, and the boys for Mishutka. Remember that the fans loudly, in parts, chant the name of the runner.

So, Pinocchio went to the start. Girls, what's the name of this runner? (Bu-ra-ti-no.)

Mishutka came to the start. Boys, what's the name of this runner? (Mi-joke-ka.)

Reade set Go! (two children with toy characters play the role of runners)

We congratulate Mishutka and Pinocchio with an excellent result.

When you shouted out the names of the athletes, how did word? (piecemeal)

3. REPORTING THE TOPIC AND OBJECTIVES CLASSES

On this lesson we will learn what are these parts called? words and why you need to be able to share words in pieces. 4. PRIMARY PERCEPTION AND AWARENESS OF THE NEW MATERIAL

1. Practical work.

Speak slowly word fish. Tap it on the table with a pencil. slam it word. Count the claps. How much did it turn out?

The teacher explains to the children that WORD FISH-BA TWO PARTS.

Names the first part, then the second. When we pronounce word is incomplete, and we divide it into parts - this means that we divide it into syllables(show).

IN there can be two words, three, four or more syllables. And there are some words, in which there is only one syllable. Therefore, you probably noticed that words are longer and shorter. It depends on how much is in it. syllables. Listen, I'll say single syllable words: house, cancer, catfish, cat, etc.

When pronouncing these words mouth opens only once. Now listen and tell me how much syllables I share these words(the teacher says -two, three-syllable words)

5. REINFORCING AND UNDERSTANDING KNOWLEDGE FOR CHILDREN

1. Game "Undress words into syllables» .

Try it yourself, first in a whisper, and then say it out loud syllables words - names of objects which I will show you in the pictures.

2. Physical education « Syllabic jumpers»

I call words, and you should, pronouncing words by syllable, jump the same number of times.

3. Simulation syllabic composition of words.

When we graphically wrote down the sentence, then each word marked with a dash. To show how much words of syllables, you can draw rectangles divided into as many parts as syllables in a word.

(The teacher marks the most attentive children.)

4. Game "Counting"

You children always speak in sentences, words speak fluently in sentences. But sometimes, in the game, you say words by syllable. For example, when you pronounce counting rhymes. Now stand in a circle and listen to me syllables pronounce the rhyme.

Che - re - pa - ha tail under -zha -la

And for the hare - cem -be - Ms - la.

O-ka - for - las vpe - re - di

Who does not believe you-ho-di!

The teacher invites the children to recall other counting rhymes known to them and pronounce them according to syllables. The teacher prompts you to choose syllable rhythm for counting so that each the word is divided into syllables.

6. GENERALIZATION AND SYSTEMATIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE

M e d v e j o n o k helps.

WORK AT THE BOARD

And now let's play. I will show you pictures, and you will find them diagram houses.

Look at the picture. What do you see? Name. Let's determine the amount syllables.

To determine the amount syllables in a word, there is another way. You place your hand just below your chin. Delya word for syllables, you keep track of how many times the chin touched your hand.

How did you share words into syllables?

How syllables can be in a word?

7. Bottom line classes

What new did you learn about lesson?

What have you learned?

Why you need to share words into syllables?

Try to divide at home syllables of parents' names, nicknames of animals.

To help the child deal with the division of words into syllables within the power of any parent. By spending a little time explaining and consolidating the material, you can get a brilliant result. However, for this, you should arm yourself with proven ways to conquer this ingenuous topic so that independent lessons do not drag on and bring satisfaction to both parties.

How to explain to a child what syllables are

Start studying the topic if the child already has an idea of \u200b\u200bsuch concepts as a letter and a word. It is not necessary that the baby knows the names of all the letters. But it is important that he knows the vowel sounds and some consonants.

Initially, the child should be taught not the alphabet as a whole and not the names of the letters (“be”, “ge”, “ka”, “el”, “and short” - so he will not soon understand how they are read), but those sounds that we pronounce, looking at the letter ("b", "p", "m", "l", "d").

It is necessary to explain to the child that for the formation of syllables, sounds become pairs. There is always only one vowel in a pair, but there can be one consonant, or maybe several. And it happens that there is no consonant at all. A prerequisite for the formation of a syllable is the presence of one vowel.

To explain to your child the difference between vowels and consonants, invite them to sing them. It will be easy for him to stretch out “uuu”, “aah”, “uh”. But "k", "s", "t" will not work. If the baby tries to demonstrate to you how he sings the sound "r" or "n", ask him to listen to the singing. It turns out that in order to sing a consonant sound, you need to add a vowel to it (“we”, “we” and other options). This is what the syllable will be.

Learning to divide into syllables should be after the child learns the difference between vowels and consonants

Each syllable is one breath. It takes one breath of air to pronounce one syllable. And it is easy to feel this push of air if you follow the movement of your lips and chin. Show your child how your mouth moves for each syllable. Name the words (ko-ro-va, mea-so, stump, yu-la). Try to pronounce the syllables together, deliberately clearly and slowly articulating. Learn to count the syllables in the words you speak together.

When the child has learned all of the above, tell them that syllables are open and closed. Open syllables end in a vowel sound (ma-shi-na, i-go-yes - all syllables are open here), and closed syllables end in a consonant (spruce, son, kar-man, lay-ner - all syllables are closed here). In one word, both open and closed syllables can occur (sailor, ship).

For someone, acquaintance with the division into syllables will take only one lesson, for someone it will take several. It all depends on the readiness of the child to master the material. Don't rush him. Let the process of cognition take more time, but be accompanied by joyful emotions.

Learning should be enjoyable: be kind and patient

When working with children preschool age in order not to discourage learning, it is important to observe the measure: do no more than 10 minutes a day and in a playful way. Over time, classes can be taken up to half an hour. Students should also be given time to rest. One lesson should not last more than 30 minutes.

Video: a lesson for those who want to understand what syllables and stress are

Oral exercises to consolidate the skill of dividing words into syllables

The following exercises will help to visually demonstrate the topic:

Candle experiment. Light a candle. Sit opposite. Speak loudly, actively exhaling air, different words. For each syllable, the flame will waver. Count together the number of hesitation for each word. It will also be interesting for the child to invent words and count the number of syllables in them. Experiment: name short one-syllable words, and then come up with long ones that will make the flame oscillate many times.
Clap hands. Invite the boy or girl to clap their hands for each syllable in the word. Let the words compete, which of them will gather more applause.
We try by touch. Place a horizontally straightened hand under your chin. Let your little scientist do the same. Speak monosyllabic and multisyllabic words. For each syllable, the chin and mouth will move and the mouth will open.
Pedometer. Imagine that every step you take is one syllable. Say the words and step on each syllable. Ask your child how many steps it takes to say different words. Do the exercises with your child first. And then let him learn to use the step to measure the number of syllables on his own.
Young musician (builder, telegrapher). Try to mark each syllable with some sound (blow on the drum, knock of the hammer) that your child likes. How will the words sound?

To assimilate the material, let the child measure the syllables in steps, feel them with his hands and create his own unique melodies for each word.

Written exercises to consolidate the skill of dividing words into syllables

You need to train the skill in writing:

Suggest in words to place dots with a red pencil over the letters denoting vowel sounds. Count how many dots you get over each word. So many syllables in these words.
Try dividing the words into syllables by placing vertical lines with a pencil.

Do not confuse division into syllables with the rules of transfer, where other laws apply. When dividing into syllables in the middle of a word, the syllable, as a rule, ends in a vowel sound, and the consonant (several consonants) go to the next syllable: pa-stukh, director. The exception is the sonorous sounds [th], [p], [p '], [l], [l '], [m], [m '], [n], [n ']: mi-ka, so- scrap, crust. Two identical consonants necessarily go to the next syllable: oh-tte-pel, yes-ny, ra-light.

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