World War 1 and 2 began. World War II battles

Mankind is constantly experiencing armed conflicts of varying degrees of complexity. The 20th century was no exception. In our article we will talk about the "darkest" stage in the history of this century: World War II 1939 1945.

Prerequisites

The prerequisites for the named military conflict began to take shape long before the main events: since 1919, when the Versailles Peace Treaty was concluded, which consolidated the results of the First World War.

We list the key reasons that led to a new war:

Germany's inability to fulfill some of the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles in full (payments to affected countries) and unwillingness to put up with military restrictions;
Change of power in Germany: the nationalists, led by Adolf Hitler, skillfully exploited the discontent of the German population and the fears of world leaders of communist Russia. Their internal policy was aimed at establishing a dictatorship and promoting the superiority of the Aryan race;
External aggression of Germany, Italy, Japan, against which the major powers did not take active steps, fearing open confrontation.

Rice. 1. Adolf Hitler.

Initial period

The beginning of the Second World War is considered to be the invasion of German troops into Poland on 09/01/1939, the reason for which was the Gleiwitz provocation (a Nazi attack staged by the Poles on a German radio station). Slovakia provided military support to the Germans.

Hitler did not accept the proposal to resolve the conflict peacefully. 03.09 Great Britain and France announced the beginning of the war with Germany.

Main events

Starting from the second period (06.1941-11.1942), the course of hostilities is reflected in the chronological table:

*date of*	*Event*
	Germany attacked the USSR. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War
	The Germans captured Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Moldova, Belarus, part of Ukraine (Kyiv failed), Smolensk. Anglo-French troops liberate Lebanon, Syria, Ethiopia
August-September 1941	Anglo- Soviet troops occupy Iran
October 1941	Captured Crimea (without Sevastopol), Kharkov, Donbass, Taganrog
December 1941	The Germans are losing the battle for Moscow. Japan attacks the US military base Pearl Harbor, takes over Hong Kong
January-May 1942	Japan takes over Southeast Asia. German-Italian troops are pushing the British in Libya. Anglo-African troops capture Madagascar. The defeat of the Soviet troops near Kharkov
	The American fleet defeated the Japanese in the battle for the Midway Islands
	Lost Sevastopol. started Battle of Stalingrad(until February 1943). Captured Rostov
August-October 1942	The British liberate Egypt, part of Libya. The Germans captured Krasnodar, but lost to the Soviet troops in the foothills of the Caucasus, near Novorossiysk. Variable success in the battles for Rzhev
November 1942	The British occupied the western part of Tunisia, the Germans - the east. The beginning of the third stage of the war (11.1942-06.1944)
November-December 1942	The second battle near Rzhev was lost by the Soviet troops
	Americans win against the Japanese in the Battle of Guadalcanal
February 1943	Soviet victory at Stalingrad
February-May 1943	The British defeated the German-Italian troops in Tunisia
July-August 1943	German defeat in Battle of Kursk. Allied victory in Sicily. British and American aircraft bombing Germany
November 1943	Allied forces occupy the Japanese island of Tarawa
August-December 1943	A series of victories of the Soviet troops in the battles on the banks of the Dnieper. Left-bank Ukraine liberated
	Anglo-American army captured southern Italy, liberated Rome
	The Germans retreated from the Right-Bank Ukraine
April-May 1944	Crimea liberated
	Landing of the allied troops in Normandy. The beginning of the fourth stage of the war (06.1944-05.1945). The Americans occupied the Marianas
June-August 1944	Belorussia, south of France, Paris recaptured
August-September 1944	Soviet troops recaptured Finland, Romania, Bulgaria
October 1944	The Japanese lost to the Americans a naval battle off the island of Leyte
September-November 1944	The Baltic states, part of Belgium, were liberated. Bombing of Germany resumed
	The north-east of France was liberated, the western border of Germany was broken through. Soviet troops liberated Hungary
February-March 1945	West Germany was captured, the crossing of the Rhine began. Soviet army liberates East Prussia, northern Poland
April 1945	The USSR launches an attack on Berlin. Anglo-Canadian-American troops defeated the Germans in the Ruhr region and met with the Soviet army on the Elbe. broken through last defense Italy
	Allied troops captured the north and south of Germany, liberated Denmark, Austria; Americans crossed the Alps and joined the Allies in northern Italy
	Germany surrendered
	The Yugoslav Liberation Forces defeated the remnants of the German army in northern Slovenia
May-September 1945	Fifth final stage wars
	Indonesia, Indochina recaptured from Japan
August-September 1945	Soviet-Japanese War: Japanese Kwantung Army defeated. USA resets atomic bombs to Japanese cities (August 6, 9)
	Japan surrendered. End of the war

Rice. 3. Surrender of Japan in 1945.

results

Let's sum up the main results of the Second World War:

The war affected 62 countries to varying degrees. About 70 million people died. Tens of thousands destroyed settlements, of which only in Russia - 1700;
Germany and its allies were defeated: the occupation of countries and the spread of the Nazi regime ceased;
Changed world leaders; they were the USSR and the USA. England and France have lost their former greatness;
The borders of states have changed, new independent countries have appeared;
War criminals have been convicted in Germany and Japan;
The United Nations Organization was created (10/24/1945);
rose military power major winning countries.

Historians consider the serious armed resistance of the USSR against Germany (the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945), the American supply of military equipment (lend-lease), the acquisition of air superiority by the Western allies (England, France) as an important contribution to the victory over fascism.

What have we learned?

From the article we learned briefly about the Second World War. This information will help you easily answer questions about when the Second World War began (1939), who was the main participant in the hostilities, in what year it ended (1945) and with what result.

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The instability in Europe caused by World War I (1914-1918) eventually escalated into another international conflict, World War II, which broke out two decades later and became even more devastating.

Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist Party (Nazi Party) came to power in an economically and politically unstable Germany.

He reformed the armed forces and signed strategic agreements with Italy and Japan in his quest for world domination. The German invasion of Poland in September 1939 led to the fact that Britain and France declared war on Germany, which marked the beginning of the Second World War.

In the next six years, the war will claim more lives and bring destruction to such a vast territory around the globe than any other war in history.

Among the approximately 45-60 million dead people were 6 million Jews killed by the Nazis in concentration camps as part of Hitler's diabolical policy " final decision Jewish question, also known as .

On the way to World War II

The devastation caused by the Great War, as World War I was called at the time, destabilized Europe.

In many ways, the unresolved issues of the first global conflict spawned World War II.

In particular, the political and economic instability of Germany and the long-term resentment of the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles provided fertile ground for the rise to power of Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist (Nazi) party.

Back in 1923, in his memoirs and in his propaganda treatise " Mein Kampf(My Struggle) Adolf Hitler predicted a great European war, the result of which would be "the extermination of the Jewish race in German territory."

After accepting the position of Reich Chancellor, Hitler quickly consolidated power, appointing himself Führer (Supreme Commander) in 1934.

Obsessed with the idea of the superiority of the "pure" German race, which was called the "Aryan", Hitler believed that war was the only way to get the "Lebensraum" (living space for the German race to settle).

In the mid-1930s, he secretly began the rearmament of Germany, bypassing the Versailles Peace Treaty. After signing alliance treaties with Italy and Japan against the Soviet Union, Hitler sent troops to occupy Austria in 1938 and annex Czechoslovakia the following year.

Hitler's open aggression went unnoticed, as the United States and the Soviet Union were concentrated on domestic politics, and neither France nor Great Britain (the two countries with the greatest destruction in the First World War) were not eager to enter into a confrontation.

Beginning of World War II 1939

On August 23, 1939, Hitler and the leader of the Soviet state, Joseph Stalin, signed a non-aggression pact, called the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, which created a frenzy in London and Paris.

Hitler had long-term plans to invade Poland, a state guaranteed military support by Britain and France, in the event of a German attack. The pact meant that Hitler would not have to fight on two fronts after the invasion of Poland. Moreover, Germany received assistance in the conquest of Poland and the division of its population.

On September 1, 1939, Hitler attacked Poland from the west. Two days later, France and Great Britain declared war on Germany, and World War II began.

On September 17, Soviet troops invaded Poland in the east. Poland quickly capitulated to attacks from two fronts, and by 1940 Germany and the Soviet Union shared control of the country, according to a secret clause in a non-aggression pact.

Then the Soviet troops occupied the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) and crushed the Finnish resistance in the Russian-Finnish war. For the next six months after the capture of Poland, neither Germany nor the Allies took active action on western front and in means mass media the war began to be called "background".

At sea, however, the British and German navies engaged in a bitter battle. Deadly German submarines hit British trade routes, sinking more than 100 ships in the first four months of World War II.

World War II on the Western Front 1940-1941

On April 9, 1940, Germany simultaneously invaded Norway and occupied Denmark, and the war broke out with renewed vigor.

On May 10, German troops swept through Belgium and the Netherlands in what was later called "blitzkrieg" or blitzkrieg. Three days later, Hitler's troops crossed the Meuse River and attacked the French troops at Sedan, located on the northern border of the Maginot Line.

The system was considered an insurmountable protective barrier, but in fact the German troops broke through bypassing it, making it completely useless. The British Expeditionary Force was evacuated by sea from Dunkirk at the end of May, while French forces in the south tried to put up any resistance. By early summer, France was on the brink of defeat.

Start Second world wars(September 1, 1939 – June 22, 1941).

At dawn on September 1, 1939, the troops of the German Wehrmacht suddenly deployed fighting against Poland. Using overwhelming superiority in forces and means, the Nazi command was able to quickly achieve large-scale operational results. Despite the fact that France, Great Britain and the countries of the British Commonwealth immediately declared war on Germany, they did not provide effective and real assistance to Poland. The courageous resistance of the Polish soldiers near Mława, near Modlin and the heroic twenty-day defense of Warsaw could not save Poland from disaster.

At the same time, the troops of the Red Army, almost without resistance, from September 17 to 29 occupied the regions of Western Belarus and Western Ukraine. 28 September 1939 first campaign Second world wars has been completed. Poland ceased to exist.

On the same day, a new Soviet-German treaty "On Friendship and Borders" was signed in Moscow, which secured the partition of Poland. New secret agreements gave the USSR the possibility of "freedom of action" in creating a "sphere of security" near its western borders, secured the annexation of the western regions of Belarus and Ukraine, allowed the Soviet Union to conclude agreements on "mutual assistance" September 28, 1939 with Estonia, October 5 - with Latvia, October 10 - with Lithuania. According to these treaties, the USSR received the right to place in republics the Baltic states of their troops and the creation of maritime and
air bases. Stalin went to transfer into the hands of the Gestapo many hundreds of German anti-fascists hiding in the USSR from the Nazis, and also deported hundreds of thousands of Poles, both former military personnel and the civilian population.

At the same time, the Stalinist leadership stepped up pressure on Finland. On October 12, 1939, she was asked to conclude an agreement "on mutual assistance" with the USSR. However, the Finnish leadership abandoned the agreements with the USSR, and the negotiations were unsuccessful.

The defeat of Poland and a temporary alliance with Stalin provided Hitler with a reliable rear for carrying out a blitzkrieg in the Western European theater of operations. Already on October 9, 1939, the Fuhrer signed a directive on preparing an attack on France, and 10 days later a plan for the strategic concentration of German troops was approved to carry out offensive operations in the West.

The Soviet leadership took active steps to expand the "sphere of security" in the northwest. On November 28, 1939, the USSR unilaterally denounced the 1932 non-aggression pact with Finland, and on the morning of November 30, military operations against the Finns began, which lasted almost four months. The next day (December 1) in the village. Terijoki was urgently proclaimed "the government of the Democratic Republic of Finland."

On March 12, 1940, a Soviet-Finnish peace treaty was signed in Moscow, taking into account the territorial claims presented by the USSR. the Soviet Union during wars suffered huge casualties: the army lost up to 127 thousand people killed and missing, as well as up to 248 thousand wounded and frostbite. Finland lost just over 48,000 killed and 43,000 wounded.
Politically, this war caused serious damage to the Soviet Union. On December 14, 1939, the Council of the League of Nations adopted a resolution expelling him from this organization, condemning the actions of the USSR directed against the Finnish state and called on the member states of the League of Nations to support Finland. The USSR found itself in international isolation.

The results of the "winter wars"They clearly showed the weakness of the" indestructible "Soviet Armed Forces. Soon, K.E. Voroshilov was removed from the post of People's Commissar of Defense, and S.K. Timoshenko took his place.
In the spring of 1940, the Wehrmacht troops began a large-scale military campaign in Western Europe. On April 9, 1940, the strike force of the Nazi troops (about 140 thousand personnel, up to 1000 aircraft and all strength fleet) attacked Denmark and Norway. Denmark (having only 13,000 troops) was occupied in a few hours, and its government immediately announced its surrender.

The situation was different in Norway, where armed forces managed to avoid defeat and withdraw into the interior of the country, and Anglo-French troops were landed to help them. The armed struggle in Norway threatened to become protracted, so already on May 10, 1940, Hitler launched an offensive according to the Gelb plan, which provided for a lightning strike against France through Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands, bypassing the French Maginot defensive line. On June 22, 1940, the act of capitulation of France was signed, according to which its northern territory was occupied by Germany, and the southern regions remained under the control of the "government" of collaborator Marshal A. Petain ("Vichy regime").

The defeat of France led to a sharp change in the strategic situation in Europe. The threat of a German invasion loomed over Great Britain. A war was unfolding on sea lanes, where German submarines sank 100-140 British merchant ships every month.
Already in the summer of 1940, the front in the west ceased to exist, and the coming clash between Germany and the USSR began to take on more and more real outlines.

As a result of the German politicians appeasement" in the northeast and east of Europe, territories with a population of 14 million people were included in the USSR, and the western border was pushed back 200-600 km. At the VIII session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on August 2-6, 1940, these territorial "acquisitions "were legally formalized by the laws on the formation of the Moldavian SSR and the admission of the three Baltic republics into the Union.
After the victory over France, Germany accelerated preparations for war against the USSR: the issue of the "Eastern campaign" had already been discussed on July 21, 1940 at a meeting of Hitler with the commanders of the armed forces, and on July 31 he set the task of starting the operation in May 1941 and completing her for 5 months.

On August 9, 1940, a decision was made to transfer Wehrmacht forces to the borders of the USSR, and from September they began to concentrate in Romania. At the same time, a broad campaign was launched to disinform the Soviet leadership, which played its fatal role in carrying out measures to repel aggression. On September 27 in Berlin, Germany, Italy and Japan signed a tripartite pact, which was later joined by Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Croatia. Finally, on December 18, 1940, the famous "Barbarossa option" was approved by Hitler - the plan wars against the Soviet Union.

In order to hide military preparations, I. Ribbentrop on October 13, 1940, invited I. V. Stalin to take part in the division of spheres of interest on a global scale. A meeting on this issue was held on November 12-13 in Berlin with the participation of V.M. Molotov, but because of the nomination by both sides of mutually unacceptable conditions, it was not successful.

Neither geographically nor chronologically, the history of the Second World War is comparable with. On a geopolitical scale, the events of the Great Patriotic War unfolded on the Eastern Front, although these events undoubtedly influenced the outcome of this global military-political crisis the most. The stages of World War II also coincide with general steps Great Patriotic War.

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balance of power

How World War II went, briefly about its main participants. The conflict was attended by 62 states (of the then existing 73) and almost 80% of the population of the entire globe.

All participants had something to do with two distinct coalitions:

anti-Hitler,
Axis coalition.

The creation of the "Axis" began a lot before education anti-Hitler coalition. In 1936, the Anti-Comintern Pact was signed between Japan and Berlin. This was the beginning of the formation of the union.

Important! A number of countries at the very end of the confrontation changed their coalition orientation. For example, Finland, Italy and Romania. A number of puppet countries formed by the fascist regime, for example, Vichy France, the Greek kingdom, have disappeared altogether from the geopolitical map of the world.

Territories covered by hostilities

In total there were 5 main theaters of war:

Western European - France, Great Britain, Norway; active hostilities were also conducted throughout the Atlantic;
Eastern European - the Union of the SSR, Poland, Finland, Austria; military operations were conducted in such parts of the Atlantic as the Barents Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea;
Mediterranean - Greece, Italy, Albania, Egypt, all French North Africa; all countries that had access to the Mediterranean Sea, in the waters of which active hostilities also took place, joined the hostilities;
African - Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan and others;
Pacific - Japan, China, the USSR, the USA, all the island countries of the Pacific basin.

Major battles of World War II:

Battle for Moscow,
Kursk Bulge (turning point),
Battle for the Caucasus
Ardennes operation (Wehrmacht blitzkrieg).

What triggered the conflict

You can talk about the reasons for a long time. Each country had objective and subjective reasons to become a participant in a military conflict. But in general, it all came down to the following:

revanchism - the Nazis, for example, tried their best to overcome the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles in 1918 and again take a leading position in Europe;
imperialism - all major world powers had certain territorial interests: Italy launched a military invasion of Ethiopia, Japan was interested in Manchuria and North China, Germany was interested in the Ruru region and Austria. The USSR was worried about the problem of the Finnish and Polish borders;
ideological contradictions - two opposing camps have formed in the world: communist and democratic-bourgeois; the member countries of the camps dreamed of destroying each other.

Important! The ideological contradictions that existed the day before made it impossible to prevent the conflict at the initial stage.

Between the fascists and the democratic countries of the West it was concluded Munich Agreement which eventually led to the Anschluss of Austria and the Ruhr. The Western powers effectively disrupted the Moscow Conference, at which the Russians planned to discuss the possibility of creating an anti-German coalition. Finally, in defiance of the Munich Treaty, the Soviet-German non-aggression pact and the secret Molotov-Ribbentrop pact were signed. In such difficult diplomatic conditions, it was impossible to prevent a war.

Stages

The entire Second World War can be conditionally divided into five main stages:

the first - 09.1939 - 06.1941;
the second - 07.1941 - 11.1942;
the third - 12.1942 - 06.1944;
fourth - 07.1944 - 05. 1945;
fifth - 06 - 09. 1945

The stages of the Second World War are conditional; certain events of significance are inscribed in them. When did World War II start? How did World War II start? Who started World War II? The beginning is considered September 1, 1939, when German troops invaded Poland, that is, in fact, the Germans took the initiative.

Important! The question of when the Second World War began is understandable, here you can give a direct and accurate answer, but it is more difficult to say about who started the Second World War, it is impossible to answer unambiguously. All the powers of the world are to some extent guilty of unleashing a global conflict.

The Second World War ended on September 2, 1945, when the act of surrender of Japan was signed. We can say that Japan has not yet completely closed the page of the Second World War. A peace treaty has not yet been signed between the Russian Federation and Japan. The Japanese side disputes the ownership of the four South Kuril Islands by the Russian Federation.

First step

The main events that unfolded at the first stage can be presented in the following chronological order (table):

theater of combat	Local territories/battles	Dates	Axis countries		Outcome
Eastern European	Western Ukraine, Western Belarus, Bessarabia	01.09. – 06.10. 1939	Germany, Slovakia, Union SSR (as an ally of the Germans under the 1939 treaty)	England and France (nominally as allies of Poland)	Complete occupation of Polish territory by Germany and the USSR
Western European	Atlantic	01.09 -31.12. 1939	Germ.	England, Franz.	England suffered heavy losses at sea, a real threat to the economy of the island state was created
Eastern European	Karelia, North Baltic and Gulf of Finland	30.11.1939 – 14.03.1940	Finland	Union of the SSR (under the agreement with Germany - the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact)	The Finnish border was moved away from Leningrad by 150 km
Western European	France, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg (European Blitzkrieg)	09.04.1940 – 31.05.1940	Germ.	French, Netherlands, Denmark, UK	The capture of the entire territory of tribute and Norway, Belgium and the Netherlands, "Dunker tragedy"
Mediterranean	Franz.	06 – 07. 1940	Germany, Italy	Franz.	The capture of the territories of Southern France by Italy, the establishment of the regime of General Pétain in Vichy
Eastern European	Baltic States, Western Belarus and Ukraine, Bukovina, Bessarabia	17.06 – 02.08. 1940	Union SSR (as an ally of the Germans under the 1939 treaty)	____	Accession to the USSR of new territories in the west and southwest
Western European	English Channel, Atlantic; dogfights (Operation Sea Lion)	16.07 -04.09. 1940	Germ.	Britannia	Great Britain managed to defend the freedom of navigation on the English Channel
African and Mediterranean	North Africa, Mediterranean Sea	07.1940 -03.1941	Italy	Britain, France (Vichy independent troops)	Mussolini asked Hitler for help and General Rommel's corps was sent to Africa, stabilizing the front until November 1941
Eastern European and Mediterranean	Balkans, Middle East	06.04 – 17.09. 1941	Germany, Italy, Vichy France, Iraq, Hungary, Croatia (Nazi Pavelić regime)	USSR, England, Free France Army	The complete capture and division between the countries of the "Axis" of Yugoslavia, an unsuccessful attempt to establish a Nazi regime in Iraq. , division of Iran between the USSR and Great Britain
Pacific	Indonesia, China (Sino-Japanese, Franco-Thai War)	1937-1941	Japan, Vichy France	____	The capture of southeast China by Japan, the loss by Vichy France of part of the territories of French Indochina

Initial etam war

Second phase

It became a turning point in many ways. The main thing here is that the Germans lost the strategic initiative and speed characteristic of 40-41 years. The main events take place in the Eastern European theater of operations. The main forces of Germany were also concentrated there, which can no longer provide large-scale support in Europe and North Africa to its coalition allies, which, in turn, led to the success of the Anglo-American-French forces in the African and Mediterranean theaters of hostilities.

theater of combat		Dates	Axis countries	Countries of the anti-Hitler coalition	Outcome
Eastern European	USSR - two main companies:	07.1941 – 11.1942			capture German troops most European territory THE USSR; blockade of Leningrad, capture of Kyiv, Sevastopol, Kharkov. Minsk, stopping the advance of the Germans near Moscow
	Attack on the USSR ( "", Moscow battle)	22.06.1941 – 08.01.1942	Germ. Finland	the USSR
	The second "wave" of the offensive against the USSR (the beginning of the battles in the Caucasus and the beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad)	05.1942 -01.1943	Germ.	the USSR	An attempt by the USSR to counteroffensive in the southwestern direction and an attempt to unblock Leningrad were unsuccessful. The offensive of the Germans in the south (Ukraine, Belarus) and the Caucasus
Pacific	Hawaii, Philippines, water area Pacific Ocean	07.12.1941- 01.05.1942	Japan	Great Britain and its dominions, USA	Japan, after the defeat of Pearl Harbor, establishes full control over the region
Western European	Atlantic	06. 1941 – 03.1942	Germ.	America, UK, Brazil, Union of South Africa, Brazil, USSR	The main goal of Germany is to disrupt the ocean communication between America and Britain. She was not reached. Since March 1942, British aircraft began bombing strategic targets in Germany.
Mediterranean	Mediterranean Sea	04.1941-06.1942	Italy	Great Britain	Due to the passivity of Italy and the transfer of German aviation to the Eastern Front, control over the Mediterranean Sea is completely transferred to the British
African	North Africa (the territories of Morocco, Syria, Libya, Egypt, Tunisia, Madagascar; fighting in the Indian Ocean)	18.11.1941 – 30.11. 1943	Germany, Italy, French Vichy government North Africa	UK, US, Free French Army	The strategic initiative passed from hand to hand, but the territory of Madagascar was completely occupied by the Free French troops, the Vichy government in Tunisia capitulated. German troops led by Rommel relatively stabilized the front by 1943.
Pacific	Pacific Ocean, Southeast Asia	01.05.1942 – 01. 1943	Japan	America, Great Britain and its dominions	The transition of the strategic initiative into the hands of members of the anti-Hitler coalition.

Second phase of the war

Important! It was at the second stage that the Anti-Hitler coalition was formed, the USSR, the USA, China and Great Britain signed the Declaration of the United Nations (01/01/1942).

Third stage

It is marked by a complete loss of strategic initiative from the outside. On the eastern front, Soviet troops launched a counteroffensive. On the Western, African and Pacific fronts, the allies in the anti-Hitler coalition also achieved significant results.

theater of combat	Local territories/company	Dates	Axis countries	Countries of the anti-Hitler coalition	Outcome
Eastern European	South of the USSR, northwest of the USSR (Left-bank Ukraine, Belarus, Crimea, Caucasus, Leningrad region); Battle of Stalingrad, Kursk Bulge, crossing of the Dnieper, liberation of the Caucasus, counteroffensive near Leningrad	19.11.1942 – 06.1944	Germ.	the USSR	As a result of an active counteroffensive, Soviet troops reached the Romanian border
African	Libya, Tunisia (Tunisian Company)	11.1942-02.1943	Germany, Italy	Free French Army, USA, UK	Complete liberation of French North Africa, surrender of German-Italian troops, water area mediterranean sea completely cleared of German and Italian ships
Mediterranean	Territory of Italy (Italian operation)	10.07. 1943 — 4.06.1944	Italy, Germany	US, UK, Free French Army	The overthrow of the regime of B. Mussolini in Italy, the complete cleansing of the southern part of the Nazis peninsula, Sicily and Corsica
Western European	Germany (strategic bombing of its territory; Operation Point Blank)	From 01.1943 to 1945	Germ.	UK, USA, France.	Massive bombing of all German cities, including Berlin
Pacific	Solomon Islands, New Guinea	08.1942 –11.1943	Japan	USA, Great Britain and its dominions	Liberation from the Japanese troops of the Solomon Islands and New Guinea

An important diplomatic event of the third stage was the Tehran Allied Conference (11.1943). At which joint military operations against the Third Reich were agreed.

Third stage of the war

These are all the main stages of the Second World War. In total, she walked exactly 6 years.

Fourth stage

It meant a gradual cessation of hostilities on all fronts except the Pacific. The Nazis suffer a crushing defeat.

theater of combat	Local territories/company	Dates	Axis countries	Countries of the anti-Hitler coalition	Outcome
Western European	Normandy and all of France, Belgium, the Rhine and Ruhr regions, Holland (landing in Normandy or "D-Day", crossing the "West Wall" or "Siegfried Line")	06.06.1944 – 25.04.1945	Germ.	USA, Great Britain and its dominions, in particular Canada	Complete liberation by the allied forces of France and Belgium, crossing the western borders of Germany, seizing all the northwestern lands and reaching the border with Denmark
Mediterranean	Northern Italy, Austria (Italian Company), Germany (continuation of the wave of strategic bombing)	05.1944 – 05. 1945	Germ.	USA, UK, French.	Complete cleansing of the north of Italy from the Nazis, the capture of B. Mussolini and his execution
Eastern European	Southern and western territories of the USSR, Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Poland and West Prussia (Operations Bagration, Jasso-Kishinev operation, Battle of Berlin)	06. 1944 – 05.1945	Germany	Union SSR	As a result of large-scale offensive operations, the USSR withdraws its troops abroad, Romania, Bulgaria and Finland withdraw from the Axis coalition, Soviet troops occupy East Prussia, take Berlin. German generals, after the suicide of Hitler and Goebbels, sign the act of surrender of Germany
Western European	Czech Republic, Slovenia (Prague operation, Battle of Polyana)	05. 1945	Germany (remnants of the SS forces)	USA, USSR, Yugoslav Liberation Army	The complete defeat of the SS forces
Pacific	Philippines and Marianas	06 -09. 1944	Japan	USA and Britain	The Allies control the entire Pacific Ocean, South China and the former French Indochina

At the allied conference in Yalta (02.1945), the leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain discussed the post-war structure of Europe and the world (it was also about the main thing - the creation of the UN). The agreements reached at Yalta influenced the entire course of post-war history.

Fifth stage

Last stage of the war

Consequences

How World War II ended, briefly about the main results

In July 1945 (exact date -17.07) the Potsdam Conference began, at which:

the fate of Berlin was determined (quadrilateral occupation);
4D plan developed (demilitarization, democratization, denationalization, demonopolization);
the issue of reparations in favor of the Union was resolved;
the new borders of Poland were defined (East Prussia went to the USSR).

Consequences of the war

Beginning of World War II

World War II: events in Europe in 1939-1941.

Output

In total, 65 million people died, with only 27 of them on the fronts. Despite this tragedy, the world after 1946 (W. Churchill's speech in Fulton) entered a new era, a period of unspoken confrontation between the two camps began: socialist and democratic.

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