A projective technique do not let a person fall. Test - Your reaction in extreme situations

Member Information

Nesterova Alexandra Ivanovna

federal state budgetary educational institution higher education"Altai State Technical University them. I.I. Polzunov"

Abstracts (information about the project)

Science field

Section of the field of sciences

Psychological and pedagogical sciences

The study of coping strategies (on the example of students of KGBPOU "International College of Cheesemaking and professional technology» in the village of Altaiskoe)

This paper presents the results of a study of the coping strategy of students of the KGBPOU "International College of Cheese Making and Professional Technologies" in the village of Altaiskoye using 3 methods: the indicator of coping strategies (D. Amirkhan), diagnostics of coping behavior in stressful situation(S. Norman, D. F. Endler, D. A. James, M. I. Parker) and the projective technique "Don't let the man fall." The relevance of this problem is due to the high pace of people's life, which provokes the emergence of stressful conditions in them in difficult life situations. The specifics of human behavior in such situations may not be characteristic of him and influence decision-making.

Keywords

Coping strategies, stress, adolescence

Goals and objectives

The aim of the work is to study the coping strategies of students of the International College of Cheesemaking in the village of Altaiskoye.
To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
1) Explore theoretical basis phenomenon of coping strategies.
2) Consider practical use coping strategies in the behavior of modern youth.
3) Pick up and test diagnostic techniques aimed at studying.
4) To identify the features of coping strategies among students of the International College of Cheese Making in the village of Altaiskoye.
5) Analyze the results of the study, draw conclusions and formulate recommendations.

Introduction

A modern person simultaneously experiences the pressure of various factors: informational, interpersonal, etc. Being in such conditions for a long time can lead to emotional instability of the individual. People react especially emotionally to stressful situations in adolescence and youth. Therefore, the study of defense mechanisms, adaptation, coping strategies play important role during this period of life.

Coping covers all types of interaction of the subject with tasks of an external or internal nature: attempts to master, get used to, mitigate or evade the requirements of a complex life situation, manifested in the special conditions of the existence of the individual (stress, frustration, conflict and crisis).

Methods and materials

Three methods were used: the indicator of coping strategies (D. Amirkhan), diagnostics of coping behavior in a stressful situation (S. Norman, D. F. Endler, D. A. James, M. I. Parker) and the projective technique man to fall."

In the methodology of the indicator of coping - strategies D. Amirkhan, the following scales are calculated: "problem resolution", "search for social support"," avoiding problems. Diagnosis of coping behavior in stressful situations ( S. Norman, D. F. Endler, D. A. James, M. I. Parker.) is designed to more accurately identify the dominant coping-stress behavioral strategies (5-point scale).

The technique makes it possible to identify the following coping strategies focused on: problem solving, emotions, avoidance. Also, using this test, you can calculate the “distraction” subscale of 8 items related to avoidance and the “social distraction” subscale of the next 5 items related to avoidance.

The projective technique "Do not let a person fall" allows, on the basis of the principles of holistic psychology, to identify behavioral features in force majeure situations. The picture shows a cliff and a person, either falling or jumping from it. The respondent must save a person from imminent injury, prevent him from falling. How to do this is up to everyone to decide. It is necessary to supplement the picture with the necessary details.

Description and discussion of results

The respondents of this study were students of the International College of Cheesemaking with. Altai aged 16 to 22 in the amount of 36 people (29 girls and 7 guys).

To the question: “Does a person jump or fall?” (Projective technique "Do not let a person fall") got the results:

68% of students answered: jumping - this indicates the determination and activity of the respondents, practitioners, not theorists.
32% - falls - this means that the respondent is indecisive and patient, ready to wait until everything settles down by itself, not a fan of active actions. out of 32%, 20% - fall, 6% broke loose, which means that these guys act imprudently, and it is difficult for them to cope with a difficult situation on their own, 6% - pushed - such people are distrustful, and in the current difficult situation they blame others.

The study of coping strategies of students of the International College of Cheesemaking using the indicator of coping strategies (D. Amirkhan), diagnostics of coping behavior in a stressful situation (S. Norman, D. F. Endler, D. A. James, M. I. Parker) and the projective methodology “Don’t let a person fall”, showed that the majority of respondents prefer not to run away from the problem, but to look for favorable ways out of it, without hesitating to ask for social support. But 39.2% of respondents need to pay attention and learn more about the reasons their anxiety, as difficult situation they can do stupid things. It should be noted that other factors can also influence behavioral strategies: temperament, motivation, character, social status, Environment. The results of participant #31 may be related to the events in Ukraine, since she arrived from this country shortly before the study.

Sources used

1. Vasilyuk, F. E. Psychology of experience. Analysis of overcoming critical situations / F. E. Vasilyuk. - M.: Moscow University Publishing House, 1984. - 200 p.
2. Zeigarnik, B. V. Self-regulation of behavior in health and disease / B. V. Zeigarnik, A. B. Kholmogorova, E. S. Mazur // Psychological journal. - 2007. - No. 2. - S. 122-132.
3. Izard, K. Human emotions / K. Izard. - M. : Publishing House of Moscow State University, 2006. - 385 p.
4. Kryukova T.L., Kuftyak E.V. Coping Methods Questionnaire (an adaptation of the WCQ methodology) / Journal of a Practical Psychologist. M. : 2007. No. 3 S. 93-112.
5. Kryukova, T. L. Psychology of coping behavior / T. L. Kryukova // Monograph. - Kostroma: KSU im. ON THE. Nekrasova - Studio of operational printing, Avantitul, 2004. - 473 p.
6. Nartova-Bochaver, S. K. Psychology of personality and interpersonal relationships/ S. K. Nartova-Bochaver. - M. : Eksmo - Press, 2001. - 415 p.

The test allows, based on the principles of holistic psychology, to identify the features of your behavior in force majeure situations.

Instruction: This picture shows a cliff and a person, either falling or jumping from it. You must save a person from imminent injury, do not let him fall. How you do it is up to you. Complete the picture with the necessary details.

Processing of the methodology and interpretation of the result.

First, before you draw something, you had to determine for yourself, a person jumps or falls. If your a person voluntarily jumps off a cliff, then this speaks of your determination and activity, you prefer action to reflection, you are a practitioner, not a theorist. If it seems to you that man falls, it means that you are indecisive and patient, you are ready to wait until everything settles down by itself. You are not a fan of action.

And now you should dwell in detail on those details of the drawing that you completed as a “first aid” to a person and which are designed to prevent him from falling and hurting himself.

If you drew water under the feet of a person (river, lake, sea), then it speaks of your tendency to let everything take its course. Often you yourself bring the situation to a critical state, without taking any steps to resolve it. You are inactive in those moments when you need to be active and decisive and take the bull by the horns.

If you drew under a person’s feet is a trampoline or a stretched blanket, to soften the fall and catch a person, then this indicates your forethought. You very rarely hit critical

situations, because you always carefully calculate all possible scenarios and try to predict everything that can happen. But even if you do not take into account something, then you will still always have a ready remedy to save the situation. You can rely on, you will not let you down.

If you drew under the precipice of a man with outstretched arms, ready to catch someone falling into his arms, this means that you are imprudent and gullible, in a critical situation you tend to trust anyone. You are not able to find a way out of the impasse on your own and look for a person who would help you. But since you are not very good at understanding people, you are often deceived and let down.

If you turned the cliff into a small mound, thereby stopping the fall of man, then this means that you possess leadership qualities and able to lead people. In a critical situation, you will not be at a loss and will do everything you need to fix what happened.

If you drew human wings, then this suggests that you will always find a witty way out of a difficult situation.

METHODS FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND EMOTIONAL BURNOUT

Methodology "Express diagnostics of stress factors in

activities of the head” (I. D. Ladanov, V. A. Urazaeva) 56

In everyday work, there are a considerable number of factors that negatively affect your ability to work. The following methodology proposes to assess the extent to which the identified stressors prevent you from working.

Instruction on the implementation of the methodology: “In front of you are 12

statements. Next to each of them, mark the number showing your assessment of the effect of this factor on your work.

Table 5.1.

Express diagnostics of stress factors in activity leader >

Statements (statements)	Never	Seldom	Sometimes	Often	Is always
1. People who work with me don't know what they can expect from me.
2. You are convinced that you are doing the wrong thing.
3. You feel unable to meet the conflicting demands of your superiors.
4. You feel overwhelmed
5. You don't have enough time to do a good job.
6. You feel that your work is negatively affecting your personal life.
7. You often do not know what you will be assigned to do.
8. You feel like you lack the power and authority to get the job done.
9. You feel like you can't "digest" all the information you need to get the job done.
10. You don't know how your boss evaluates you.
11. You are unable to predict the reactions of your superiors.
12. Your views are fundamentally different from those of your manager.

Processing of the methodology and interpretation of the result. The technique has four blocks: conflict, overload, field of activity, tension with management. Calculate the sum of points scored by blocks. The number of points can be from 3 to 15 for each individual block. Each block corresponds to the following numbers of statements:

Conflict - № 1, 2, 3. A result above 12 points indicates an increased conflict in the activities of the leader.

Overload - No. 4, 5, 6. A result above 12 points indicates the presence of psychological overload in the head.

Field of activity - No. 7, 8, 9. A result above 12 points indicates that there are problems in the area of official activity of the head.

Tension with management - No. 10, 11, 12. A result above 12 points indicates psychological tension in relations with higher management.

The total score for the entire test can range from 12 to 60 points. A score of 36 or higher indicates the presence of a large number of stressors in your work.

Projective technique "Don't let a man fall"

Test"Don't let the man fall" allows you to identify the features of your behavior in force majeure situations based on the principles of holistic psychology.

Instruction: This picture shows a cliff and a person, either falling or jumping from it. You must save a person from imminent injury, do not let him fall. How you do it is up to you. Complete the picture with the necessary details.

Processing of the methodology and interpretation of the result.

First, before you draw something, you had to determine for yourself whether a person is jumping or falling. If your person voluntarily jumps off a cliff, then this indicates your determination and activity, you prefer action to reflection, you are a practitioner, not a theorist. If it seems to you that a person is falling, then this means that you are indecisive and patient, you are ready to wait until everything settles down by itself. You are not a fan of action.

And now you should dwell in detail on those details of the drawing that you completed as a “first aid” to a person and which are designed to prevent him from falling and hurting himself. If you drew water under a person’s feet (river, lake, sea), then this indicates your tendency to let everything take its course. Often you yourself bring the situation to a critical state, without taking any steps to resolve it. You are inactive in those moments when you need to be active and decisive and take the bull by the horns.

If you drew a trampoline or a stretched blanket under a person’s feet to soften the fall and catch the person, then this indicates your foresight. You very rarely find yourself in critical situations, because you always carefully calculate all possible scenarios and try to predict everything that can happen. But even if you do not take into account something, then you will still always have a ready remedy to save the situation. You can rely on, you will not let you down.

If you drew a person under a cliff with outstretched arms, ready to catch someone falling into his arms, then this means that you are imprudent and trusting, in a critical situation you tend to trust anyone. You are not able to find a way out of the impasse on your own and look for a person who would help you. But since you are not very good at understanding people, you are often deceived and let down.

If you turned a cliff into a small mound, thereby stopping a person from falling, then this means that you have leadership qualities and are able to lead people along with you. In a critical situation, you will not be at a loss and will do everything you need to fix what happened. If you drew wings for a person, then this suggests that you will always find a witty way out of a difficult situation.

Test "Don't let the man fall" allows you to identify the features of your behavior in force majeure situations based on the principles of holistic psychology.

Processing of the methodology and interpretation of the result.

Content

Carefully figure out how to provide first aid for fainting - a sudden loss of consciousness due to impaired blood supply to the brain. The fainting state lasts up to several minutes. After some time, a person can come to his senses on his own. Fainting is not considered a disease, but only a symptom of heart failure. The victim must be kept calm and monitored. Read about the rest of the help below.

What is fainting

Syncope, or fainting, is a short-term loss of consciousness that appears suddenly and is not of an epileptic nature. Syncope occurs due to a diffuse decrease in metabolism in the brain. Metabolic disorders are caused by a short-term decrease in cerebral circulation. It is necessary to be able to distinguish between epileptic syncope and ordinary. These two conditions require different methods of treatment, but in both cases the person loses his balance, falls. First aid must be provided immediately.

Fainting and loss of consciousness - what's the difference

Fainting can be a harbinger of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, in which vascular ruptures, acute thrombosis or embolism occur. IN given state loss of consciousness is profound and more prolonged than fainting. The transition to a coma is not excluded. Fainting is not called epilepsy with impaired consciousness, atonic seizures. Seizures occur as a result of impaired excitation of the cerebral cortex (nerve cells), which causes an imbalance of inhibition and excitation.

The differences between these states are presented in the table:

Signs of fainting

At the first manifestations of symptoms, it is important to be aware of what to do in case of fainting without harming the victim before the doctor arrives. There are 3 stages of fainting, each of which is characterized by its own symptoms:

presyncope (pre-syncope state);
syncopal phase;
post-syncope (post-syncopal) phase.

Common signs of fainting in humans:

dizziness;
drop in blood pressure;
sudden weakness;
cold sweat;
noise in ears;
veil or darkening before the eyes;
nausea;
rare breathing;
numbness of the limbs;
insufficient blood circulation;
rare, shallow breathing.

What can make you lose consciousness

Disorder nervous system exerts too much load on the body, which is difficult for the brain center to endure. There is a shock, a sharp decrease in blood pressure, impaired functioning of the brain. Fainting can occur with other disorders in the human body that are difficult to identify. The district nurse's handbook describes common causes of syncope:

emotional stress;
feeling of general weakness (poor nutrition, hunger, prolonged excitement);
lack of oxygen in the room where the person stays - the oxygen level decreases due to the accumulation of a large number of people in the room, air pollution, poor ventilation system;
the result of heat stroke;
prolonged stay in a standing position;
anemia, arrhythmia;
bronchial asthma;
traumatic brain injury;
severe cough or fever with the flu;
abdominal trauma;
blood loss;
fatigue, overwork;
pregnancy;
side effect of medication;
fright;
adolescence or old age;
intoxication (with alcohol abuse, infectious origin);
allergic reaction;
severe illnesses.

Action algorithm

The first thing to do in the absence of consciousness is to lay the person on his back and feel the pulse. The provision of first aid begins with an assessment of the condition of the victim. With free airways, a person breathes, and his pulse is rare and weak, blood pressure is reduced. What to do in case of fainting that lasts longer than a few minutes requires qualified medical attention.

First aid is provided in the following sequence:

Do not let the person fall, lay on a flat surface and raise the legs for blood flow to the brain. If this is not possible, then sit him down and lower his head below the level of his knees.
Get rid of the squeezing parts of clothing.
Wipe the victim's face with cool water or put a wet towel on the forehead to improve cerebral circulation and constrict blood vessels.
Let fresh air into the room.
In the presence of vomiting, you need to turn your head to the side or put the victim in a safe position in which the person will not choke on the vomit.
After the return of consciousness, bed rest must be observed. Drink hot tea, slightly raised.
If a second pre-fainting condition occurs again, then the first paragraph should be repeated.

First aid for fainting in children

If the loss of consciousness occurred not in an adult, but in a child, then how to help him? Children develop these conditions for the same reasons as adults. The child's body is weaker, therefore, after each attack, it is necessary to take the child to a neurologist or pediatrician. Short-term loss of consciousness may seem harmless, but they hide more serious diseases of the blood and nervous system. Assistance for fainting children should be provided in the following order:

The child is placed in bed and legs are raised. This will improve blood flow to the brain.
Remove or loosen parts of clothing that put pressure on the body.
Provide access to fresh air flow (open the window).
Lightly pat on the cheeks with a towel soaked in water, spray on the face.
Let ammonia be inhaled - at a distance of at least 15 cm.
Drink hot tea with sugar to relieve dizziness.

Syncope duration

The causes of loss of consciousness determine the duration of fainting. Normal fainting lasts from a few seconds to 2-3 minutes. Nuances:

When a person does not wake up for more than 5 minutes, then immediately call an ambulance team - it could be a stroke or epilepsy.
With a stroke, consciousness may not return for several minutes, hours, or even days.
After a stroke, a person's body is paralyzed.
With an epileptic seizure, a person develops dangerous flushing of the skin or cyanosis, and not just pallor of the skin.

What to do after fainting

To stabilize the functioning of blood flow in the brain, the victim should lie down for another half an hour in a calm state. The state after fainting should be normalized. To avoid dizziness, let in fresh air. If this is not possible, then gently lift the person. When walking, the patient should be supported, not allowed to be subjected to physical exertion, and sudden movements should be avoided. When such an opportunity presents itself, it is necessary to undergo an examination by a doctor and find out the cause of the disease.

Video: first aid for fainting

Attention! The information provided in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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