The exploits of Soviet heroes that we will never forget.
Roman Smishchuk. Destroyed 6 enemy tanks with hand grenades in one battle
For an ordinary Ukrainian Roman Smishchuk, that fight was the first. In an effort to destroy the company, which took up all-round defense, the enemy brought 16 tanks into battle. At this critical moment, Smishchuk showed exceptional courage: by letting the enemy tank come close, he knocked out its undercarriage with a grenade, and then set it on fire with a throw of a bottle with a Molotov cocktail. Running from trench to trench, Roman Smishchuk attacked the tanks, running towards them, and in this way destroyed six tanks one after another. The personnel of the company, inspired by the feat of Smishchuk, successfully broke through the ring and joined their regiment. For his feat, Roman Semyonovich Smishchuk was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the medal " Golden Star» Roman Smishchuk died on October 29, 1969, and was buried in the village of Kryzhopol, Vinnitsa region.
Vanya Kuznetsov. The youngest cavalier of 3 Orders of Glory
Ivan Kuznetsov went to the front at the age of 14. Vanya received his first medal "For Courage" at the age of 15 for his heroic deeds in the battles for the liberation of Ukraine. He reached Berlin, showing courage beyond his years in a number of battles. For this, already at the age of 17, Kuznetsov became the youngest full cavalier of the Order of Glory of all three levels. Died January 21, 1989.
Georgy Sinyakov. Rescued from captivity hundreds of Soviet soldiers under the "Count of Monte Cristo" system
The Soviet surgeon was captured during the battles for Kiev and, as a prisoner doctor of a concentration camp in Kustrin (Poland), he saved hundreds of prisoners: being a member of the camp underground, he processed documents for them as dead in the hospital of the concentration camp and organized escapes. Most often, Georgy Fedorovich Sinyakov used an imitation of death: he taught the patients to pretend to be dead, declared death, the “corpse” was taken out with other really dead and thrown into a ditch nearby, where the prisoner “resurrected”. In particular, Dr. Sinyakov saved the life and helped the Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot Anna Egorova, who was shot down in August 1944 near Warsaw, escape from the plan. Sinyakov lubricated her purulent wounds with fish oil and a special ointment, from which the wounds looked fresh, but in fact healed well. Then Anna recovered and, with the help of Sinyakov, escaped from the concentration camp.
Matthew Putilov. At the age of 19, at the cost of his life, he connected the ends of a broken wire, restoring the telephone line between the headquarters and the detachment of fighters
In October 1942, the 308th Rifle Division fought in the area of the plant and the working settlement "Barrikada". On October 25, communications were interrupted and Major Dyatleko ordered Matvey to restore the wired telephone connection connecting the regiment headquarters with a group of fighters who, for the second day, the fighters held the house surrounded by the enemy. Two previous unsuccessful attempts to restore communication ended in the death of signalmen. Putilov was wounded in the shoulder by a fragment of a mine. Overcoming the pain, he crawled to the place where the wire was broken, but was wounded a second time: his arm was crushed. Losing consciousness and not being able to use his hand, he squeezed the ends of the wires with his teeth, and a current passed through his body. Communication has been restored. He died with the ends of telephone wires clamped in his teeth.
Marionella Queen. She carried 50 seriously wounded soldiers from the battlefield
19-year-old actress Gulya Koroleva in 1941 voluntarily went to the front and ended up in the medical battalion. In November 1942, during the battle for height 56.8 in the area of the Panshino farm in the Gorodishchensky district (Volgograd region of the Russian Federation), Gulya literally carried 50 seriously wounded soldiers from the battlefield on herself. And then, when the moral strength of the fighters dried up, she herself went on the attack, where she was killed. Songs were composed about the feat of Guli Koroleva, and her dedication was an example for millions of Soviet girls and boys. Her name is carved in gold on the banner of military glory on Mamayev Kurgan, a village in the Sovietsky district of Volgograd and a street are named after her. Gulya Koroleva is dedicated to the book by E. Ilyina "The Fourth Height"
Koroleva Marionella (Gulya), Soviet film actress, heroine of the Great Patriotic War
Vladimir Khazov. The tanker who alone destroyed 27 enemy tanks
On the personal account of a young officer, 27 destroyed enemy tanks. For services to the Motherland, Khazov was awarded the highest award - in November 1942 he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He especially distinguished himself in the battle in June 1942, when Khazov received an order to stop the advancing enemy tank column, which consisted of 30 vehicles, near the village of Olkhovatka (Kharkov region, Ukraine), while in the platoon of Senior Lieutenant Khazov there were only 3 combat vehicles. The commander made a bold decision: let the column through and start firing from the rear. Three T-34s opened aimed fire at the enemy, settling into the tail of the enemy column. From frequent and accurate shots, German tanks caught fire one after another. In this battle, which lasted a little over an hour, not a single enemy vehicle survived, and the platoon in full force returned to the location of the battalion. As a result of the fighting in the Olkhovatka area, the enemy lost 157 tanks and stopped his attacks in this direction.
Alexander Mamkin. The pilot who evacuated 10 children at the cost of his life
During the air evacuation of children from Polotsk orphanage No. 1, whom the Nazis wanted to use as blood donors for their soldiers, Alexander Mamkin made a flight that we will always remember. On the night of April 10-11, 1944, ten children, their teacher Valentina Latko and two wounded partisans fit into his R-5 plane. At first, everything went well, but when approaching the front line, Mamkin's plane was shot down. The R-5 was on fire… If Mamkin was alone on board, he would have gained altitude and jumped out with a parachute. But he did not fly alone and led the plane further ... The flame reached the cockpit. Flight glasses melted from the temperature, he flew the plane almost blindly, overcoming the hellish pain, he still stood firmly between the kids and death. Mamkin was able to land the plane on the shore of the lake, he himself was able to get out of the cockpit and asked: “Are the children alive?” And I heard the voice of the boy Volodya Shishkov: “Comrade pilot, don’t worry! I opened the door, everyone is alive, we leave ... ”Momkin lost consciousness, a week later he died ... The doctors could not explain how he could drive the car, and even safely plant it by a person whose face had melted glasses, and only his legs were left bones.
Alexey Maresiev. Test pilot who returned to the front and to combat sorties after amputation of both legs
On April 4, 1942, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe so-called "Demyansky Cauldron", during an operation to cover bombers in a battle with the Germans, Maresyev's plane was shot down. For 18 days, the pilot, wounded in the legs, first on crippled legs, and then crawled to the front line, eating tree bark, cones and berries. Due to gangrene, his legs were amputated. But even in the hospital, Alexei Maresyev began to train, preparing to fly with prostheses. In February 1943 he made the first test flight after being wounded. Got sent to the front. On July 20, 1943, during an air battle with superior enemy forces, Alexei Maresyev saved the lives of 2 Soviet pilots and shot down two enemy Fw.190 fighters at once. In total, during the war he made 86 sorties, shot down 11 enemy aircraft: four before being wounded and seven after being wounded.
Rosa Shanina. One of the most formidable lone snipers of the Great Patriotic War
Roza Shanina - Soviet single sniper of a separate platoon of female snipers of the 3rd Belorussian Front, holder of the Order of Glory; one of the first female snipers to receive this award. She was known for her ability to accurately fire at moving targets with a doublet - two shots following each other. On the account of Rosa Shanina, 59 confirmed destroyed enemy soldiers and officers are recorded. The young girl became a symbol of the Patriotic War. Many stories and legends are associated with her name, which inspired new heroes to glorious deeds. She died on January 28, 1945 during the East Prussian operation, protecting the seriously wounded commander of an artillery unit.
Nikolai Skorokhodov. Made 605 sorties. Personally shot down 46 enemy aircraft.
During the war, Soviet fighter pilot Nikolai Skorokhodov went through all stages of aviation - he was a pilot, chief pilot, flight commander, deputy commander and squadron commander. He fought on the Transcaucasian, North Caucasian, Southwestern and 3rd Ukrainian fronts. During this time, he made more than 605 sorties, conducted 143 air battles, shot down 46 personally and in a group of 8 enemy aircraft, and also destroyed 3 bombers on the ground. Thanks to his unique skill, Skomorokhov was never wounded, his plane did not burn, was not shot down, and did not receive a single hole during the entire war.
Dzhulbars. Mine detective service dog, participant of the Great Patriotic War, the only dog awarded the medal "For Military Merit"
From September 1944 to August 1945, taking part in mine clearance in Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Austria, a service dog named Dzhulbars discovered 7468 mines and more than 150 shells. Thus, the architectural masterpieces of Prague, Vienna and other cities have survived to this day thanks to the phenomenal instinct of Dzhulbars. The dog also helped the sappers who cleared the grave of Taras Shevchenko in Kanev and the Vladimir Cathedral in Kiev. On March 21, 1945, Dzhulbars was awarded the medal "For Military Merit" for the successful completion of a combat mission. This is the only case during the war when a dog was awarded a combat award. For military merit, Dzhulbars participated in the Victory Parade, held on Red Square on June 24, 1945.
Dzhulbars, a dog of the mine-detection service, a participant in the Great Patriotic War
Already at 7.00 on May 9, the telethon “Our Victory” begins, and the evening will end with a grandiose festive concert “VICTORY. ONE FOR ALL”, which will start at 20.30. The concert was attended by Svetlana Loboda, Irina Bilyk, Natalia Mogilevskaya, Zlata Ognevich, Viktor Pavlik, Olga Polyakova and other popular Ukrainian pop stars.
Heroes of the Great Patriotic War
Alexander Matrosov
Submachine gunner of the 2nd Separate Battalion of the 91st Separate Siberian Volunteer Brigade named after Stalin.
Sasha Matrosov did not know his parents. He was brought up in an orphanage and a labor colony. When the war began, he was not even 20. Matrosov was drafted into the army in September 1942 and sent to an infantry school, and then to the front.
In February 1943, his battalion attacked the Nazi stronghold, but fell into a trap, falling under heavy fire, cutting off the path to the trenches. They fired from three bunkers. Two soon fell silent, but the third continued to shoot the Red Army soldiers who lay in the snow.
Seeing that the only chance to get out of the fire was to suppress the enemy's fire, Matrosov crawled to the bunker with a fellow soldier and threw two grenades in his direction. The gun was silent. The Red Army went on the attack, but the deadly weapon chirped again. Alexander's partner was killed, and Matrosov was left alone in front of the bunker. Something had to be done.
He didn't even have a few seconds to make a decision. Not wanting to let his comrades down, Alexander closed the embrasure of the bunker with his body. The attack was successful. And Matrosov posthumously received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Military pilot, commander of the 2nd squadron of the 207th long-range bomber aviation regiment, captain.
He worked as a mechanic, then in 1932 he was called up for service in the Red Army. He got into the air regiment, where he became a pilot. Nicholas Gastello participated in three wars. A year before the Great Patriotic War, he received the rank of captain.
On June 26, 1941, the crew under the command of Captain Gastello took off to attack a German mechanized column. It was on the road between the Belarusian cities of Molodechno and Radoshkovichi. But the column was well guarded by enemy artillery. A fight ensued. Aircraft Gastello was hit by anti-aircraft guns. The shell damaged the fuel tank, the car caught fire. The pilot could eject, but he decided to fulfill his military duty to the end. Nikolai Gastello sent a burning car directly to the enemy column. It was the first fire ram in the Great Patriotic War.
The name of the brave pilot has become a household name. Until the end of the war, all the aces who decided to go for a ram were called Gastellites. According to official statistics, almost six hundred enemy rams were made during the entire war.
Brigadier scout of the 67th detachment of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade.
Lena was 15 years old when the war began. He already worked at the factory, having finished the seven-year plan. When the Nazis captured his native Novgorod region, Lenya joined the partisans.
He was brave and determined, the command appreciated him. For several years spent in the partisan detachment, he participated in 27 operations. On his account, several destroyed bridges behind enemy lines, 78 destroyed Germans, 10 trains with ammunition.
It was he who, in the summer of 1942, near the village of Varnitsa, blew up a car in which the German Major General of the Engineering Troops, Richard von Wirtz, was located. Golikov managed to obtain important documents about the German offensive. The enemy attack was thwarted, and the young hero for this feat was presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In the winter of 1943, a significantly superior enemy detachment unexpectedly attacked partisans near the village of Ostraya Luka. Lenya Golikov died like a real hero - in battle.
Pioneer. scout partisan detachment named after Voroshilov in the territory occupied by the Nazis.
Zina was born and went to school in Leningrad. However, the war found her on the territory of Belarus, where she came for the holidays.
In 1942, 16-year-old Zina joined the underground organization Young Avengers. It distributed anti-fascist leaflets in the occupied territories. Then, under cover, she got a job working in a canteen for German officers, where she committed several acts of sabotage and only miraculously was not captured by the enemy. Her courage surprised many experienced soldiers.
In 1943, Zina Portnova joined the partisans and continued to engage in sabotage behind enemy lines. Due to the efforts of defectors who surrendered Zina to the Nazis, she was captured. In the dungeons, she was interrogated and tortured. But Zina was silent, not betraying her. At one of these interrogations, she grabbed a pistol from the table and shot three Nazis. After that, she was shot in prison.
Underground anti-fascist organization operating in the area of modern Luhansk region. There were over a hundred people. The youngest participant was 14 years old.
This youth underground organization was formed immediately after the occupation of the Lugansk region. It included both regular military personnel, who were cut off from the main units, and local youth. Among the most famous participants: Oleg Koshevoy, Ulyana Gromova, Lyubov Shevtsova, Vasily Levashov, Sergey Tyulenin and many other young people.
The "Young Guard" issued leaflets and committed sabotage against the Nazis. Once they managed to disable an entire tank repair shop, burn down the stock exchange, from where the Nazis drove people to forced labor in Germany. The members of the organization planned to stage an uprising, but were exposed because of the traitors. The Nazis caught, tortured and shot more than seventy people. Their feat is immortalized in one of the most famous military books by Alexander Fadeev and the film adaptation of the same name.
28 people from the personnel of the 4th company of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th rifle regiment.
In November 1941, a counteroffensive against Moscow began. The enemy did not stop at nothing, making a decisive forced march before the onset of a harsh winter.
At this time, the fighters under the command of Ivan Panfilov took up a position on the highway seven kilometers from Volokolamsk, a small town near Moscow. There they gave battle to the advancing tank units. The battle lasted four hours. During this time, they destroyed 18 armored vehicles, delaying the enemy's attack and frustrating his plans. All 28 people (or almost all, here the opinions of historians differ) died.
According to legend, the political instructor of the company, Vasily Klochkov, before the decisive stage of the battle, turned to the fighters with a phrase that became known throughout the country: “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind!”
The Nazi counteroffensive ultimately failed. The battle for Moscow, which was taken away essential role during the war, was lost by the invaders.
As a child, the future hero suffered from rheumatism, and the doctors doubted that Maresyev would be able to fly. However, he stubbornly applied to the flight school until he was finally enrolled. Maresyev was drafted into the army in 1937.
He met the Great Patriotic War at the flight school, but soon got to the front. During a sortie, his plane was shot down, and Maresyev himself was able to eject. Eighteen days, seriously wounded in both legs, he got out of the encirclement. However, he still managed to overcome the front line and ended up in the hospital. But gangrene had already begun, and the doctors amputated both of his legs.
For many, this would mean the end of the service, but the pilot did not give up and returned to aviation. Until the end of the war, he flew with prostheses. Over the years, he made 86 sorties and shot down 11 enemy aircraft. And 7 - already after amputation. In 1944, Alexei Maresyev went to work as an inspector and lived to be 84 years old.
His fate inspired the writer Boris Polevoy to write The Tale of a Real Man.
Deputy squadron commander of the 177th Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment.
Victor Talalikhin began to fight already in the Soviet-Finnish war. He shot down 4 enemy planes on a biplane. Then he served in the aviation school.
In August 1941, one of the first Soviet pilots made a ram, shooting down a German bomber in a night air battle. Moreover, the wounded pilot was able to get out of the cockpit and descend by parachute to the rear of his own.
Talalikhin then shot down five more German planes. Killed during another air battle near Podolsk in October 1941.
After 73 years, in 2014, search engines found Talalikhin's plane, which remained in the swamps near Moscow.
Artilleryman of the 3rd counter-battery artillery corps of the Leningrad Front.
Soldier Andrei Korzun was drafted into the army at the very beginning of World War II. He served on the Leningrad front, where there were fierce and bloody battles.
November 5, 1943, during the next battle, his battery came under fierce enemy fire. Korzun was seriously wounded. Despite the terrible pain, he saw that the powder charges were set on fire and the ammunition depot could fly into the air. Gathering the last of his strength, Andrey crawled to the blazing fire. But he could no longer take off his overcoat to cover the fire. Losing consciousness, he made a last effort and covered the fire with his body. The explosion was avoided at the cost of the life of a brave gunner.
Commander of the 3rd Leningrad Partisan Brigade.
A native of Petrograd, Alexander German, according to some sources, was a native of Germany. He served in the army from 1933. When the war began, he became a scout. He worked behind enemy lines, commanded a partisan detachment, which terrified the enemy soldiers. His brigade destroyed several thousand fascist soldiers and officers, derailed hundreds of trains and blew up hundreds of vehicles.
The Nazis staged a real hunt for Herman. In 1943, his partisan detachment was surrounded in the Pskov region. Making his way to his own, the brave commander died from an enemy bullet.
Commander of the 30th Separate Guards Tank Brigade of the Leningrad Front
Vladislav Khrustitsky was drafted into the Red Army back in the 1920s. In the late 30s he graduated from armored courses. Since the autumn of 1942, he commanded the 61st separate light tank brigade.
He distinguished himself during Operation Iskra, which marked the beginning of the defeat of the Germans on the Leningrad Front.
He died in the battle near Volosovo. In 1944, the enemy retreated from Leningrad, but from time to time made attempts to counterattack. During one of these counterattacks tank brigade Khrustitsky fell into a trap.
Despite heavy fire, the commander ordered to continue the offensive. He turned on the radio to his crews with the words: "Stand to the death!" - and went forward first. Unfortunately, the brave tanker died in this battle. And yet the village of Volosovo was liberated from the enemy.
Commander of a partisan detachment and brigade.
Before the war, he worked on the railroad. In October 1941, when the Germans were already standing near Moscow, he himself volunteered for a difficult operation, in which his railway experience was needed. Was thrown behind enemy lines. There he came up with the so-called "coal mines" (in fact, these are just mines disguised as coal). With the help of this simple but effective weapon, a hundred enemy trains were blown up in three months.
Zaslonov actively agitated the local population to go over to the side of the partisans. The Nazis, having learned this, dressed their soldiers in Soviet uniforms. Zaslonov mistook them for defectors and ordered them to be allowed into the partisan detachment. The path to the insidious enemy was open. A battle ensued, during which Zaslonov died. A reward was announced for living or dead Zaslonov, but the peasants hid his body, and the Germans did not get it.
The commander of a small partisan detachment.
Efim Osipenko fought back in civil war. Therefore, when the enemy seized his land, without thinking twice, he joined the partisans. Together with five other comrades, he organized a small partisan detachment that committed sabotage against the Nazis.
During one of the operations, it was decided to undermine the enemy composition. But there was little ammunition in the detachment. The bomb was made from an ordinary grenade. The explosives were to be installed by Osipenko himself. He crawled to the railway bridge and, seeing the approach of the train, threw it in front of the train. There was no explosion. Then the partisan himself hit the grenade with a pole from the railway sign. It worked! A long train with food and tanks went downhill. The squad leader survived, but lost his sight completely.
For this feat, he was the first in the country to be awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War."
The peasant Matvey Kuzmin was born three years before the abolition of serfdom. And he died, becoming the oldest holder of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
His story contains many references to the history of another famous peasant - Ivan Susanin. Matvey also had to lead the invaders through the forest and swamps. And, like the legendary hero, he decided to stop the enemy at the cost of his life. He sent his grandson ahead to warn a detachment of partisans who had stopped nearby. The Nazis were ambushed. A fight ensued. Matvey Kuzmin died at the hands of a German officer. But he did his job. He was in his 84th year.
A partisan who was part of the sabotage and reconnaissance group of the headquarters of the Western Front.
While studying at school, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya wanted to enter a literary institute. But these plans were not destined to come true - the war prevented. In October 1941, Zoya, as a volunteer, came to the recruiting station and, after a short training at a school for saboteurs, was transferred to Volokolamsk. There, an 18-year-old partisan fighter, along with adult men, performed dangerous tasks: she mined roads and destroyed communication centers.
During one of the sabotage operations, Kosmodemyanskaya was caught by the Germans. She was tortured, forcing her to betray her own. Zoya heroically endured all the trials without saying a word to the enemies. Seeing that it was impossible to get anything from the young partisan, they decided to hang her.
Kosmodemyanskaya steadfastly accepted the test. A moment before her death, she shouted to the assembled local residents: “Comrades, victory will be ours. German soldiers, before it's too late, surrender!" The courage of the girl so shocked the peasants that they later retold this story to front-line correspondents. And after the publication in the Pravda newspaper, the whole country learned about the feat of Kosmodemyanskaya. She became the first woman to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War.
Young heroes of the Great Patriotic War
Cognitive material for extracurricular activities literary reading or by history for elementary school Subject: WWII
Before the war, they were the most ordinary boys and girls. They studied, helped the elders, played, bred pigeons, sometimes even took part in fights. These were ordinary children and teenagers, known only to relatives, classmates and friends.
But the hour of severe trials has come and they proved how huge an ordinary little child's heart can become when a sacred love for the Motherland, pain for the fate of its people and hatred of enemies flares up in it. Together with adults, the weight of hardships, disasters, grief of the war years fell on their fragile shoulders. And they did not bend under this weight, they became stronger in spirit more courageous, more resilient. And no one expected that it was these boys and girls who were able to accomplish a great feat for the glory of the freedom and independence of their Motherland!
Not! we told the fascists,
Our people will not tolerate
To fragrant Russian bread
It was called "bro".
Where is the power in the world
To break us down
Bent us under the yoke
In those parts where in the days of victory
Our great-grandfathers and grandfathers
Feasted so many times? ..
And from sea to sea
Russian regiments got up.
We got up, we are united with the Russians,
Belarusians, Latvians,
People of free Ukraine,
Both Armenians and Georgians
Moldovans, Chuvashs...
Glory to our generals
Glory to our admirals
And ordinary soldiers ...
On foot, swimming, horseback,
Hardened in hot battles!
Glory to the fallen and the living,
I thank them from the bottom of my heart!
Let's not forget those heroes
What lie in the damp earth,
Giving life on the battlefield
For the people - for you and me.
Excerpts from S. Mikhalkov's poem "A True Story for Children"
Kazei Marat Ivanovich(1929-1944), partisan of the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union (1965, posthumously). Since 1942, a scout of a partisan detachment (Minsk region).
The Nazis broke into the village where Marat lived with his mother, Anna Alexandrovna. In the fall, Marat no longer had to go to school in the fifth grade. The Nazis turned the school building into their barracks. The enemy was furious. Anna Alexandrovna Kazei was captured for her connection with the partisans, and soon Marat found out that his mother had been hanged in Minsk. The boy's heart was filled with anger and hatred for the enemy. Together with his sister Ad oy, Marat Kazei went to the partisans in the Stankovsky forest. He became a scout at the headquarters of the partisan brigade. Penetrated into enemy garrisons and delivered valuable information to the command. Using this information, the partisans developed a daring operation and defeated the fascist garrison in the city of Dzerzhinsk. Marat took part in the battles and invariably showed courage, fearlessness, together with experienced demolition men, he mined the railway. Marat died in battle. He fought to the last bullet, and when he had only one grenade left, he let the enemies get closer and blew them up ... and himself. For courage and courage, fifteen-year-old Marat Kazei was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A monument to the young hero was erected in the city of Minsk.
Portnova Zinaida Martynovna (Zina) (1926-1944), a young partisan of the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union (1958, posthumously). Scout of the partisan detachment "Young Avengers" (Vitebsk region).
The war found Zina Portnova from Leningrad in the village of Zuya, where she came on vacation, not far from the Obol station in the Vitebsk region. In Obol, an underground Komsomol youth organization "Young Avengers" was created, and Zina was elected a member of its committee. She participated in daring operations against the enemy, distributed leaflets, and conducted reconnaissance on the instructions of the partisan detachment. In December 1943, returning from a mission, in the village of Mostishche, Zina was betrayed by a traitor to the Nazis. The Nazis seized the young partisan and tortured her. The answer to the enemy was Zina's silence, her contempt and hatred, her determination to fight to the end. During one of the interrogations, choosing the moment, Zina grabbed a pistol from the table and fired point-blank at the Gestapo. The officer who ran into the shot was also killed on the spot. Zina tried to escape, but the Nazis overtook her. The brave young partisan was brutally tortured, but until the last minute she remained steadfast, courageous, unbending. And the Motherland posthumously marked her feat with her highest title - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Kotik Valentin Alexandrovich(Valya) (1930-1944), a young partisan of the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union (1958, posthumously). Since 1942 - a liaison of an underground organization in the city of Shepetovka, a scout of a partisan detachment (Khmelnitsky region, Ukraine).
Valya was born on February 11, 1930 in the village of Khmelevka, Shepetovsky district, Khmelnitsky region. Studied at school number 4. When the Nazis broke into Shepetovka, Valya Kotik and his friends decided to fight the enemy. The guys collected weapons at the battlefield, which the partisans then transported to the detachment in a wagon of hay. Looking closely at the boy, the leaders of the partisan detachment entrusted Valya to be a liaison and intelligence officer in their underground organization. He learned the location of enemy posts, the order of the changing of the guard. The Nazis planned a punitive operation against the partisans, and Valya, having tracked down the Nazi officer who led the punishers, killed him. When arrests began in the city, Valya, along with his mother and brother Viktor, went to the partisans. An ordinary boy, who had just turned fourteen years old, fought shoulder to shoulder with adults, freeing native land. On his account - six enemy echelons blown up on the way to the front. Valya Kotik was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class, and the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War," 2nd class. Valya died as a hero in one of the unequal battles with the Nazis.
Golikov Leonid Alexandrovich(1926-1943). Young partisan hero. A brigade reconnaissance officer of the 67th detachment of the fourth Leningrad partisan brigade, operating on the territory of the Novgorod and Pskov regions. Participated in 27 combat operations.
In total, they destroyed 78 fascists, two railway and 12 highway bridges, two food and feed depots and 10 vehicles with ammunition. He distinguished himself in battles near the villages of Aprosovo, Sosnitsy, Sever. Accompanied a wagon train with food (250 carts) to besieged Leningrad. For valor and courage he was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of War and the medal "For Courage".
On August 13, 1942, returning from reconnaissance from the Luga-Pskov highway near the village of Varnitsy, he blew up a car in which the German Major General of the Engineering Troops Richard von Wirtz was. Golikov in a shootout shot from a machine gun the general who accompanied his officer and driver. A scout delivered a briefcase with documents to the brigade headquarters. Among them were drawings and descriptions of new models of German mines, inspection reports to higher command and other important military papers. Introduced to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. On January 24, 1943, in an unequal battle in the village of Ostraya Luka, Pskov Region, Leonid Golikov died. The Presidium of the Supreme Council, by Decree of April 2, 1944, awarded him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Arkady Kamanin I dreamed of heaven when I was just a boy. Arkady's father, Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin, a pilot, participated in the rescue of the Chelyuskinites, for which he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. And always there is a friend of his father, Mikhail Vasilyevich Vodopyanov. There was something to light up the little boy's heart. But they didn’t let him into the air, they said: grow up. When the war began, he went to work at an aircraft factory, then at the airfield. Experienced pilots, even if only for a few minutes, happened to trust him to fly the plane. Once an enemy bullet shattered the glass of the cockpit. The pilot was blinded. Losing consciousness, he managed to transfer control to Arkady, and the boy landed the plane at his airfield. After that, Arkady was allowed to seriously study flying, and soon he began to fly on his own. Once, from a height, a young pilot saw our plane, shot down by the Nazis. Under heavy mortar fire, Arkady landed, transferred the pilot to his plane, took off and returned to his own. The Order of the Red Star shone on his chest. For participation in battles with the enemy, Arkady was awarded the second Order of the Red Star. By that time he had already become an experienced pilot, although he was fifteen years old. Until the very victory, Arkady Kamanin fought with the Nazis. The young hero dreamed of the sky and conquered the sky!
Yuta Bondarovskaya in the summer of 1941 she came from Leningrad for a vacation to a village near Pskov. Here overtook her terrible war. Utah began to help the partisans. First she was a messenger, then a scout. Disguised as a beggar boy, she collected information from the villages: where the headquarters of the Nazis were, how they were guarded, how many machine guns. The partisan detachment, together with units of the Red Army, left to help the Estonian partisans. In one of the battles - near the Estonian farm Rostov - Yuta Bondarovskaya, the little heroine of the great war, died the death of the brave. The Motherland awarded her heroic daughter posthumously with the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 1st degree, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree.
When the war began, and the Nazis were approaching Leningrad, for underground work in the village of Tarnovichi - in the south Leningrad region- the counselor was left high school Anna Petrovna Semyonova. To communicate with the partisans, she picked up her most reliable guys, and the first among them was Galina Komleva. Cheerful, brave, inquisitive girl for her six school years was awarded six times with books with the signature: "For excellent study." The young messenger brought assignments from the partisans to her leader, and she forwarded her reports to the detachment along with bread, potatoes, products, which were obtained with great difficulty. Once, when a messenger from the partisan detachment did not arrive at the meeting place on time, Galya, half-frozen, made her way to the detachment herself, handed over a report and, having warmed up a little, hurried back, carrying a new task to the underground. Together with the young partisan Tasya Yakovleva, Galya wrote leaflets and scattered them around the village at night. The Nazis tracked down and captured the young underground workers. They were kept in the Gestapo for two months. The young patriot was shot. The Motherland marked the feat of Gali Komleva with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree.
For the operation of reconnaissance and explosion of the railway bridge across the Drissa River, a Leningrad schoolgirl Larisa Mikheenko was presented with a government award. But the young heroine did not have time to receive her award.
The war cut off the girl from her hometown: in the summer she went on vacation to the Pustoshkinsky district, but she could not return - the Nazis occupied the village. And then one night Larisa left the village with two older friends. At the headquarters of the 6th Kalinin brigade, commander Major P.V. Ryndin initially refused to accept "so small". But young girls were able to do what strong men could not. Dressed in rags, Lara walked around the villages, finding out where and how the guns were located, sentries were placed, which German cars were moving along the highway, what kind of trains and with what cargo they came to the Pustoshka station. She also participated in military operations. The young partisan, betrayed by a traitor in the village of Ignatovo, was shot by the Nazis. In the Decree on awarding Larisa Mikheenko with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree is bitter word: Posthumously.
Could not put up with the atrocities of the Nazis and Sasha Borodulin. Having obtained a rifle, Sasha destroyed the fascist motorcyclist, took the first military trophy - a real German machine gun. This was a good reason for accepting him into the partisan detachment. Day after day he conducted reconnaissance. More than once he went on the most dangerous missions. A lot of destroyed cars and soldiers were on his account. For the performance of dangerous tasks, for the courage, resourcefulness and courage shown, Sasha Borodulin in the winter of 1941 was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Punishers tracked down the partisans. The detachment left them for three days. In the group of volunteers, Sasha remained to cover the retreat of the detachment. When all the comrades died, the brave hero, allowing the Nazis to close the ring around him, grabbed a grenade and blew them up and himself.
The feat of a young partisan
(Excerpts from M. Danilenko's essay "Grishina's Life" (translated by Yu. Bogushevich))
At night, the punishers surrounded the village. Grisha woke up from some sound. He opened his eyes and looked out the window. A shadow flickered across the moonlit glass.
- Dad! Grisha called softly.
Sleep, what do you want? the father replied.
But the boy didn't sleep anymore. Stepping barefoot on the cold floor, he quietly walked out into the hallway. And then I heard someone yank open the door and several pairs of boots rattled heavily into the hut.
The boy rushed into the garden, where there was a bathhouse with a small outbuilding. Through a crack in the door Grisha saw his father, mother and sisters being taken out. Nadia was bleeding from her shoulder, and the girl clamped the wound with her hand...
Until dawn, Grisha stood in the annex and looked ahead of him with wide eyes. The moonlight was sparse. Somewhere an icicle fell off the roof and shattered on the mound with a quiet clang. The boy started. He felt neither cold nor fear.
That night he had a small wrinkle between his eyebrows. Appeared to never disappear again. Grisha's family was shot by the Nazis.
From village to village walked a thirteen-year-old boy with a not childishly stern look. Went to Sozh. He knew that somewhere across the river was his brother Alexei, there were partisans. A few days later, Grisha came to the village of Yametsky.
Feodosia Ivanova, a resident of this village, was a liaison officer of the partisan detachment commanded by Pyotr Antonovich Balykov. She brought the boy to the detachment.
Commissar Pavel Ivanovich Dedik and Chief of Staff Alexei Podobedov listened to Grisha with stern faces. And he stood in a torn shirt, with his legs knocked down on the roots, with an unquenchable fire of hatred in his eyes. The partisan life of Grisha Podobedov began. And no matter what task the partisans went on, Grisha always asked to take him with him ...
Grisha Podobedov became an excellent partisan scout. Somehow the messengers reported that the Nazis, together with the policemen from Korma, robbed the population. They took 30 cows and everything that came to hand, and they are going in the direction of the Sixth Village. The detachment went in pursuit of the enemy. The operation was led by Petr Antonovich Balykov.
“Well, Grisha,” said the commander. - You will go with Alena Konashkova to reconnaissance. Find out where the enemy has stopped, what he is doing, what he is thinking of doing.
And now, a weary woman with a hoe and a sack wanders into the Sixth Village, and with her a boy dressed in an oversized padded jacket.
“They sowed millet, good people,” the woman complained to the policemen. - And try to raise these clearings with a little. It's not easy, oh it's not easy!
And no one, of course, noticed how the boy's keen eyes follow each soldier, how they notice everything.
Grisha visited five houses where the Nazis and policemen stayed. And I found out about everything, then I reported in detail to the commander. A red rocket soared into the sky. And in a few minutes everything was over: the partisans drove the enemy into a cunningly placed "bag" and destroyed it. The stolen goods were returned to the population.
Grisha also went to reconnaissance before the memorable battle near the Pokat River.
With a bridle, limping (a splinter hit the heel), the little shepherd scurried among the Nazis. And such hatred burned in his eyes that it seemed that she alone could incinerate enemies.
And then the scout reported how many cannons he saw on the enemy, where machine guns and mortars were stationed. And from partisan bullets and mines the invaders found their graves on Belarusian soil.
In early June 1943, Grisha Podobedov, together with partisan Yakov Kebikov, went on reconnaissance to the area of the village of Zalesye, where a punitive company from the so-called Dnepr volunteer detachment was stationed. Grisha made his way into the house, where drunken punishers had a party.
The partisans silently entered the village and completely destroyed the company. Only the commander escaped, he hid in a well. In the morning, a local grandfather pulled him out of there, like a rotten cat, by the scruff of the neck ...
This was the last operation in which Grisha Podobedov participated. On June 17, together with foreman Nikolai Borisenko, he went to the village of Ruduya Bartolomeevka for flour prepared for the partisans.
The sun shone brightly. A gray bird fluttered on the roof of the mill, watching people with cunning little eyes. The broad-shouldered Nikolai Borisenko had just loaded a heavy sack onto the cart when a pale miller came running.
- Punishers! he breathed.
The foreman and Grisha grabbed their machine guns and rushed into the bushes that grew near the mill. But they were noticed. Vicious bullets whistled, cutting alder branches.
- Lie down! - Borisenko gave the command and fired a long burst from the machine gun.
Grisha, aiming, gave short bursts. He saw how the punishers, as if stumbling upon an invisible barrier, fell, beveled by his bullets.
- So you, so you! ..
Suddenly the sergeant-major let out a dull gasp and clutched his throat. Grisha turned around. Borisenko twitched all over and fell silent. His glazed eyes now looked indifferently at the high sky, and his hand dug, as if stuck, in the box of the machine gun.
The bush, where Grisha Podobedov alone is now left, was surrounded by enemies. There were about sixty of them.
Grisha gritted his teeth and raised his hand. Several soldiers immediately rushed towards him.
“Oh, you Herods! What did you want?! the partisan shouted and slashed at them point-blank with his machine gun.
Six Nazis fell under his feet. The rest lay down. Bullets whistled over Grisha's head more and more often. The partisan was silent, did not respond. Then the emboldened enemies rose again. And again, under well-aimed automatic fire, they pressed into the ground. And the machine is already out of ammo. Grisha pulled out a pistol. — I give up! he shouted.
A tall and thin, like a pole, policeman ran up to him at a trot. Grisha shot him right in the face. For some elusive moment, the boy looked around at a rare bush, clouds in the sky and, putting a gun to his temple, pulled the trigger ...
About the exploits of the young heroes of the Great Patriotic War, you can read in the books:
Avramenko A.I. Messengers from captivity: a story / Per. from Ukrainian - M .: Young Guard, 1981. - 208 e .: ill. - (Young heroes).
Bolshak V.G. Guide to the Abyss: Dokum. story. - M .: Young Guard, 1979. - 160 p. - (Young heroes).
Vuravkin G.N. Three pages from the legend / Per. from Belarusian. - M .: Young guard, 1983. - 64 p. - (Young heroes).
Valko I.V. Where are you flying, crane?: Dokum. story. - M .: Young Guard, 1978. - 174 p. - (Young heroes).
Vygovsky B.C. The fire of a young heart / Per. from Ukrainian — M.: Det. lit., 1968. - 144 p. - (School library).
Children of wartime / Comp. E.Maximova. 2nd ed., add. — M.: Politizdat, 1988. — 319 p.
Ershov Ya.A. Vitya Korobkov - pioneer, partisan: a story - M .: Military Publishing, 1968 - 320 p. - (Library of a young patriot: About the Motherland, exploits, honor).
Zharikov A.D. Feats of the Young: Stories and Essays. - M .: Young Guard, 1965. - 144 e .: ill.
Zharikov A.D. Young partisans. - M .: Education, 1974. - 128 p.
Kassil L.A., Polyanovsky M.L. Street of the youngest son: a story. — M.: Det. lit., 1985. - 480 p. - (Military library of a student).
Kekkelev L.N. Countryman: The Tale of P. Shepelev. 3rd ed. - M .: Young Guard, 1981. - 143 p. - (Young heroes).
Korolkov Yu.M. Partisan Lenya Golikov: a story. - M .: Young Guard, 1985. - 215 p. - (Young heroes).
Lezinsky M.L., Eskin B.M. Live, Vilor!: a story. - M .: Young Guard, 1983. - 112 p. - (Young heroes).
Logvinenko I.M. Crimson dawns: dokum. story / Per. from Ukrainian — M.: Det. lit., 1972. - 160 p.
Lugovoi N.D. Burnt childhood. - M .: Young Guard, 1984. - 152 p. - (Young heroes).
Medvedev N.E. Eaglets of Blagovskoe forest: dokum. story. — M.: DOSAAF, 1969. — 96 p.
Morozov V.N. A boy went to reconnaissance: a story. - Minsk: State Publishing House of the BSSR, 1961. - 214 p.
Morozov V.N. Volodin front. - M .: Young Guard, 1975. - 96 p. - (Young heroes).
Heroes of the Great Patriotic War
1. Ivan Timofeevich Lyubushkin (1918-1942)
In the autumn of 1941, fierce battles were going on in the area of the city of Orel. Soviet tankers fought off the fierce attacks of the Nazis. At the beginning of the battle, Senior Sergeant Lyubushkin's tank was damaged by an enemy shell and could not move. The crew accepted an unequal battle with fascist tanks advancing from all sides. Courageous tankers destroyed five enemy vehicles! During the battle, another shell hit Lyubushkin's car, the crew was wounded.
The tank commander continued to fire on the advancing Nazis, ordered the driver to repair the damage. Soon Lyubushkin's tank was able to move and joined his column.
For courage and courage, I. T. Lyuboshkin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on October 10, 1941.
In one of the battles in June 1942, Lyubushkin died a heroic death.
2. Alexander Matveevich Matrosov (1924-1943)
On February 23, 1943, fierce battles unfolded in one of the sections of the Kalinin Front near the village of Chernushki, north of the city of Velikie Luki. The enemy turned the village into a heavily fortified stronghold. Several times the fighters attacked the Nazi fortifications, but the destructive fire from the bunker blocked their path. Then the private of the Matrosov guard, having made his way to the bunker, closed the embrasure with his body. Inspired by the feat of Matrosov, the soldiers went on the attack and drove the Germans out of the village.
For the feat, A. M. Matrosov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Today, the regiment in which Matrosov served bears the name of a hero forever enrolled in the lists of the unit.
3. Nelson Georgievich Stepanyan (1913-1944)
During the Great Patriotic War, the commander of the assault regiment Stepanyan made 293 successful sorties to attack and bombard enemy ships.
Stepanyan became famous for his high skill, suddenness and audacity of strikes against the enemy. One day, Colonel Stepanyan led a group of planes to bombard an enemy airfield. The stormtroopers dropped their bombs and began to leave. But Stepanyan saw that several fascist planes remained intact. Then he sent his plane back, and approaching the enemy airfield, released the landing gear. The enemy anti-aircraft artillery ceased fire, thinking that a Soviet plane was voluntarily landing on their airfield. At that moment, Stepanyan gave gas, retracted the landing gear and dropped the bombs. All three aircraft that survived the first raid blazed with torches. And Stepanyan's plane landed safely at its airfield.
On October 23, 1942, for the excellent performance of command assignments, the glorious son of the Armenian people was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He was posthumously awarded the second Gold Star medal on March 6, 1945.
4. Vasily Georgievich Klochkov (1911-1941)
November 1941. Moscow is declared under a state of siege. In the Volokolamsk direction, in the area of the Dubosekovo junction, 28 soldiers of the rifle division, Major General I.V. Panfilov, led by political instructor Klochkov, stood to death.
On November 16, the Nazis threw a company of submachine gunners against them. But all enemy attacks were repulsed. On the battlefield, the Nazis left about 70 corpses. After some time, the Nazis moved 50 tanks against 28 brave men. The fighters led by the political commissar courageously entered into an unequal battle. One after another, valiant warriors fell to the ground, slain by fascist bullets. When the cartridges ran out, and the grenades were running out, political instructor Klochkov gathered around him the surviving fighters and, with grenades in his hands, went to the enemy.
at the cost own life The Panfilovites did not let the enemy tanks rushing towards Moscow. 18 wrecked and burned cars were left by the Nazis on the battlefield.
For unparalleled heroism, courage and courage, political instructor V. G. Klochkov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
After the war, a monument was erected to the Panfilov heroes at the Dubosekovo junction.
5. Alexander Mikhailovich Roditelev (1916-1966)
During the battles for Koenigsberg in April 1945, the commander of a sapper platoon, junior lieutenant Roditelev, with eight sappers, acted as part of an assault group.
With a swift throw, the assault group went to the artillery positions of the enemy. Wasting no time, Parents ordered to attack the gunners. In the ensuing hand-to-hand combat, he himself destroyed six fascists. Unable to withstand the onslaught of Soviet soldiers, 25 German soldiers surrendered, the rest fled, leaving 15 heavy guns. A few minutes later, the Nazis made an attempt to return the abandoned guns. The sappers repelled three counterattacks and held the artillery positions until the main forces marched. In this battle, a group of sappers under the command of Roditelev exterminated up to 40 Nazis and captured 15 serviceable heavy guns. The next day, April 8, Parents with twelve sappers blew up the enemy's bunker, cleared 6 blocks of the city from the Nazis and captured up to 200 soldiers and officers.
For courage and courage shown in battles with the German fascists, A. M. Roditelev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
6. Vladimir Dmitrievich Lavrinenkov (Born 1919)
Fighter pilot Lavrinenkov spent his first battle near Stalingrad. Soon on his account there were already 16 destroyed enemy aircraft. With each flight, his skill grew and strengthened. In battle, he acted decisively and courageously. The number of enemy planes shot down increased. Together with his comrades, he covered attack aircraft and bombers, repelled enemy air raids, conducting air battles - lightning battles with the enemy, from which he always emerged victorious.
By the end of the war, the communist Lavrinenkov had 448 sorties, 134 air battles, in which he personally shot down 35 enemy planes and 11 as part of a group.
The motherland twice awarded V. D. Lavrinenkov with the Gold Star medals of the Hero of the Soviet Union.
7. Viktor Dmitrievich Kuskov (1924-1983)
The mechanic of the torpedo boat Kuskov fought throughout the war on the ships of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. The boat on which he served participated in 42 combat operations, sank 3 enemy ships.
In one of the battles, a direct hit by an enemy shell in the engine compartment smashed the left engine and damaged the oil pipe of the second engine. Kuskov himself was severely shell-shocked. Overcoming the pain, he reached the motor and covered the hole in the oil line with his hands. Hot oil burned his hands, but he opened them only when the boat left the battle and broke away from the enemy.
In another battle, in June 1944, a fire broke out in the engine room from a direct hit by an enemy shell. Kuskov was seriously wounded, but continued to remain at his post, fighting the fire and the water that flooded the engine compartment. However, the ship could not be saved. Kuskov, together with foreman Matyukhin, on life belts, launched the crew members, and the seriously wounded boat commander and officer were kept in the water in their arms for two hours until our ships approached.
For fearlessness and dedication, high understanding military duty and saving the life of the commander of the ship, the communist V. D. Kuskov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on July 22, 1944.
8. Rufina Sergeevna Gasheva (Born 1921)
A school, a pioneer detachment, three years of studies at Moscow State University - this ordinary biography was drastically changed by the war. 848 sorties are recorded in the summer book of Rufina Gasheva, navigator of the squadron of the 46th Guards Taman Light Bomber Regiment. More than once she had to fall into the most difficult situations. In one of the battles in the Kuban, Gesheva's plane was shot down by a fascist fighter and fell behind the front line. For several days, the girl made her way through the enemy rear to her regiment, where she was already considered dead. Near Warsaw, jumping out of a burning plane with a parachute, she landed on a minefield.
In 1956, Rufina Sergeevna Gasheva was demobilized with the rank of major. taught English language at the Academy of Armored Forces named after R. Ya. Malinovsky, worked in the Military Publishing House. She has been retired in Moscow since 1972. For courage shown in battles with the enemy, Rufina Sergeevna Gasheva was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on February 23, 1945.
10. Evgenia Maksimovna Rudneva (1921-1944)
In the first days of the Great Patriotic War, Zhenya Rudneva, a student at Moscow State University, volunteered for the front. On the courses, she mastered the art of navigation. And then there were successful bombardments of concentrations of enemy troops, enemy equipment in the Kuban, the North Caucasus, and in the Crimea. 645 sorties were made by the navigator of the Guards Bomber Aviation Regiment, Senior Lieutenant Rudneva. In April 1944, while performing another combat mission in the Kerch region, E. M. Rudneva died heroically. On October 26, 1944, the navigator of the Guards Bomber Regiment Evgenia Maksimovna Rudneva was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
12. Manshuk Zhiengalievna Mametova (1922-1943)
The best machine gunner of the 21st Guards Rifle Division was considered a Kazakh girl Manshuk Mametova. She was an example of valor and fearlessness, the pride of the fighters of the division.
On October 15, 1943, there was a fierce battle for the city of Nevel. Manshuk supported the offensive of her unit with machine-gun fire. She was wounded in the head. Gathering the last of her strength, the girl pulled out a machine gun to an open position and began to shoot the Nazis point-blank, clearing the way for her comrades. Even dead, Manshuk clutched the handles of the machine gun...
From all over our Motherland, letters were sent to Alma-Ata, where she lived, from where Manshuk left for a great feat. And in Nevel, near the walls of which the heroine died, there is a street named after her. The courageous machine gunner was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on March 1, 1944.
13. Elena Fedorovna Kolesova (1921-1942)
In frosty November night In 1941, near Moscow, a detachment of scout girls left behind enemy lines, headed by twenty-year-old Muscovite Komsomol member Elena Kolesova. For the exemplary performance of this task, Lelya Kolesova was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Since April 1942, the Kolesova group has been operating in one of the districts of the Minsk region. Under the leadership of its brave commander, the group collected and transmitted information about the location of the Nazis, the transfer of troops and military equipment of the enemy, passed the highway and railways, blew up enemy trains, bridges. On September 11, 1942, in an unequal battle with punishers near the village of Vydritsa, Minsk Region, Elena Kolesova died. The name of the heroine was carried by the pioneer team of the Moscow school No. 47, where she worked as a pioneer leader and teacher. The glorious intelligence officer, who gave her life for the freedom and independence of our Motherland, was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on February 21, 1944.
14. Anatoly Konstantinovich Avdeev, gunner fighter anti-tank artillery regiment, born in 1925.
On July 5, 1944, Avdeev's gun crew was ordered to prevent the breakthrough of fascist troops from the encirclement in the Volma region (Belarus). Having taken an open firing position, the fighters shot the Nazis point-blank. The battle lasted 13 hours. During this time, the gun crew repulsed 7 attacks. Almost all the shells ran out, and 5 people of the gun crew died with the death of the brave. The enemy is attacking again. With a direct hit by a projectile, Avdeev's gun breaks down, and the last soldier from the calculation dies. Left alone, Avdeev does not leave the battlefield, but continues to fight with a machine gun and grenades. But now all the cartridges and the last grenade have been used up. The Komsomol member grabs an ax lying nearby and destroys four more fascists.
Mission accomplished. The enemy did not pass, leaving up to 180 corpses of soldiers and officers, 2 self-propelled guns, a machine gun and 4 vehicles on the battlefield in front of Avdeev's gun.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the glorious son of the Russian people Avdeev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
15. Vladimir Avramovich Alekseenko, deputy commander of an aviation regiment, born in 1923, Russian.
Attack aircraft pilot Alekseenko made 292 successful sorties during the war years. He stormed enemy batteries shelling Leningrad, smashed the enemy on the Karelian Isthmus, in the Baltic states and in East Prussia. Dozens of aircraft shot down and destroyed at airfields, 33 tanks, 118 vehicles, 53 railway cars, 85 wagons, 15 armored personnel carriers, 10 ammunition depots, 27 artillery pieces, 54 anti-aircraft guns, 12 mortars and hundreds of enemy soldiers and officers killed - such is the combat account of captain Alekseenko.
For 230 successful sorties for assault strikes against concentrations of enemy troops and equipment, for courage and courage, communist V. A. Alekseenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on April 19, 1945. On June 29, 1945, for new military exploits at the front, he was awarded the second Gold Star medal.
16. Andrey Egorovich Borovykh, aviation squadron commander, born in 1921, Russian.
During the Great Patriotic War, fighter pilot Andrei Borovoykh fought on the Kalinin Front. His combat path ran through Orel and Kursk, Gomel and Brest, Lvov and Warsaw and ended near Berlin. He flew to intercept enemy aircraft, escorted our bombers behind enemy lines, and conducted aerial reconnaissance. Only in the first two years of the war, Major Borovoy made 328 successful sorties, participated in 55 air battles, in which he personally shot down 12 enemy aircraft.
In August 1943, the communist Borovoy was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He was awarded the second Gold Star medal on February 23, 1945 for another 20 enemy aircraft shot down in the next 49 air battles.
In total, during the war years, Borovoy made about 600 successful sorties.
After the Great Patriotic War, A.E. Borovoykh was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR and a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
17. Boris Aleksandrovich Vladimirov , commander of a rifle division, born in 1905, Russian.
General Vladimirov especially distinguished himself in January 1945 in the Vistula-Oder operation. As a result of a well-thought-out and skillfully organized battle, on January 14-15, his division successfully broke through the German defense in depth at the turn of the Vistula River. Pursuing the enemy, the division fought from January 16 to January 28 for about 400 km, with minor losses in personnel and military equipment. Soldiers led by General Vladimirov were among the first to enter the territory Nazi Germany and, having made a complex maneuver in a wooded area, with fierce resistance from the Nazis, they pushed them back from the border and defeated the five thousandth garrison of the city of Schneidemuhl. In the area of the city of Schneidemuhl, the soldiers of the division captured huge trophies, including 30 echelons with military equipment, food and military equipment.
For the skillful leadership of the division in difficult battle conditions and the personal courage and heroism shown at the same time, communist B.A. Vladimirov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
18. Alexander Borisovich Kazaev , commander of a rifle regiment, born in 1919, Ossetian.
On April 13, 1945, the rifle regiment under the command of Major Kazaev, conducting offensive battles against the fascist group on the Zemland Peninsula, approached the heavily fortified line of defense of the enemy. All attempts to break through the defenses from the front were unsuccessful. The offensive of the division was suspended. Then Major Kazaev, with a daring and unexpected maneuver, blocked the enemy's main stronghold with small forces, and with his main forces broke through the defenses from the flanks and ensured the successful offensive of the entire division.
During the offensive battles from April 13 to April 17, 1945, the regiment of Major Kazaev exterminated more than 400 and captured 600 Nazi soldiers and officers, captured 20 guns and freed 1,500 prisoners languishing in concentration camps.
For the skillful leadership of the regiment's combat operations and the shown courage, A.V. Kazaev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
21. Ermalai Grigorievich Koberidze, rifle division commander, born in 1904, Georgian, communist.
Personnel soldier, Major General E. G. Koberidze on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War - since June 1941. He especially distinguished himself in battles in July 1944. On July 27, 1944, the division commander, General Koberidze, personally with the forward detachment of the division, went to the eastern bank of the Vistula and organized its forcing. Under heavy enemy fire, the fighters, inspired by the division commander, crossed to the western coast and seized a bridgehead there. Following the forward detachment, the entire division, fighting hard, within two days completely crossed to the western bank of the river and began to consolidate and expand the bridgehead.
For the skillful management of the division in the battles for the Vistula and the personal heroism and courage shown at the same time, E. G. Koberidze was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
22. Caesar Lvovich Kunikov , commander of the landing detachment of sailors of the Novorossiysk Naval Base of the Black Sea Fleet, Russian.
On the night of February 3-4, 1943, a landing detachment of sailors under the command of Major Kunikov landed on the enemy-occupied and heavily fortified coast near Novorossiysk. With a swift blow, the landing detachment knocked the Nazis out of their stronghold and firmly entrenched themselves in the captured bridgehead. At dawn a fierce battle broke out. The paratroopers repelled 18 enemy attacks during the day. By the end of the day, the ammunition was running out. The situation seemed hopeless. Then a detachment of Major Kunikov made a sudden raid on an enemy artillery battery. Having destroyed the gun crew and seized the guns, they opened fire from them on the attacking enemy soldiers.
For seven days, the paratroopers fought off the fierce attacks of the enemy and held the bridgehead until the main forces approached. During this period, the detachment destroyed over 200 Nazis. In one of the battles, Kunikov was mortally wounded.
For courage and courage, communist Ts. L. Kunikov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
24. Kafur Nasyrovich Mammadov . On October 18, 1942, the battalion of the marines of the Black Sea Fleet, in which the sailor Mamedov also fought, fought a hard battle with superior enemy forces. The Nazi troops managed to break through and surround the command post of the company commander. Sailor Mammadov rushed to the rescue of the commander and covered him with his chest from the enemy zeros. The brave warrior saved the commander at the cost of his own life.
For courage, courage and self-sacrifice in battle with fascist invaders the son of the Azerbaijani people, Komsomol member K. N. Mammadov, was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
29. Maguba Huseynovna Syrtlanova , deputy commander of a squadron of night bombers, born in 1912, Tatar, communist.
Guards senior lieutenant Syrtlanova fought in the North Caucasus, the Taman Peninsula, the Crimea, Belarus, Poland and East Prussia during the Great Patriotic War. In battles, she showed exceptional courage, courage and courage, made 780 sorties. In the most difficult meteorological conditions, Syrtlanova led groups of aircraft to specified areas with great accuracy.
For the courage and courage of the Guards, Senior Lieutenant M. G. Syrtlanova was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Twelve of several thousand examples of unparalleled childish courage
Young heroes of the Great Patriotic War - how many were there? If you count - how else? - the hero of every boy and every girl whom fate brought to war and made soldiers, sailors or partisans, then - tens, if not hundreds of thousands.
According to official data from the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense (TsAMO) of Russia, during the war years there were over 3,500 servicemen under the age of 16 in combat units. At the same time, it is clear that not every unit commander who dared to take on the education of the son of the regiment, found the courage to declare a pupil on command. You can understand how their fathers-commanders, who really were many instead of fathers, tried to hide the age of the little fighters, by the confusion in the award documents. On the yellowed archival sheets, most of the underage servicemen indicate a clearly overestimated age. The real one became clear much later, after ten or even forty years.
But there were still children and teenagers who fought in partisan detachments and were members of underground organizations! And there were much more of them: sometimes whole families went to the partisans, and if not, then almost every teenager who ended up on the occupied land had someone to avenge.
So "tens of thousands" is far from an exaggeration, but rather an understatement. And, apparently, we will never know the exact number of young heroes of the Great Patriotic War. But that is no reason not to remember them.
The boys went from Brest to Berlin
The youngest of all known little soldiers - at least, according to the documents stored in the military archives - can be considered a pupil of the 142nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 47th Guards Rifle Division Sergei Aleshkin. V archival documents one can find two certificates of awarding a boy who was born in 1936 and ended up in the army on September 8, 1942, shortly after the punishers shot his mother and older brother for their connection with the partisans. The first document dated April 26, 1943 - on awarding him the medal "For Military Merit" due to the fact that "Comrade. Aleshkin, the regiment's favorite, ""with his cheerfulness, love for the unit and those around him, in extremely difficult moments, instilled vigor and confidence in victory." The second, dated November 19, 1945, is about awarding students of the Tula Suvorov Military School with the medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945": in the list of 13 Suvorov students, Aleshkin's surname is first.
But still, such a young soldier is an exception even for wartime and for a country where all the people, young and old, have risen to defend their homeland. Most of the young heroes who fought at the front and behind enemy lines were on average 13-14 years old. The very first of them were defenders Brest Fortress, and one of the sons of the regiment is a holder of the Order of the Red Star, the Order of Glory III degree and the medal "For Courage" Vladimir Tarnovsky, who served in the 370th artillery regiment of the 230th rifle division, left his autograph on the wall of the Reichstag in the victorious May 1945 ...
Most young Heroes Soviet Union
These four names - Lenya Golikov, Marat Kazei, Zina Portnova and Valya Kotik - have been the most famous symbol of the heroism of the young defenders of our Motherland for over half a century. They fought in different places and accomplished feats of different circumstances, all of them were partisans and all were posthumously awarded the country's highest award - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Two - Lena Golikov and Zina Portnova - by the time they had to show unprecedented courage, were 17 years old, two more - Valya Kotik and Marat Kazei - only 14.
Lenya Golikov was the first of the four who was awarded highest rank: the assignment decree was signed on April 2, 1944. The text says that Golikov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union "for the exemplary performance of command assignments and the courage and heroism shown in battles." And indeed, in less than a year - from March 1942 to January 1943 - Lenya Golikov managed to take part in the defeat of three enemy garrisons, in undermining more than a dozen bridges, in capturing a German major general with secret documents... And die heroically in the battle near the village of Ostraya Luka, without waiting for a high reward for capturing a strategically important "language".
Zina Portnova and Valya Kotik were awarded the titles of Heroes of the Soviet Union 13 years after the Victory, in 1958. Zina was awarded for the courage with which she conducted underground work, then served as a liaison between the partisans and the underground, and eventually endured inhuman torment, falling into the hands of the Nazis at the very beginning of 1944. Valya - according to the totality of exploits in the ranks of the Shepetov partisan detachment named after Karmelyuk, where he came after a year of work in an underground organization in Shepetovka itself. And Marat Kazei was awarded the highest award only in the year of the 20th anniversary of the Victory: the decree on conferring on him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was promulgated on May 8, 1965. For almost two years - from November 1942 to May 1944 - Marat fought as part of the partisan formations of Belarus and died, blowing up himself and the Nazis surrounding him with the last grenade.
Over the past half century, the circumstances of the exploits of the four heroes have become known throughout the country: more than one generation of Soviet schoolchildren has grown up on their example, and the current generation is certainly told about them. But even among those who did not receive the highest award, there were many real heroes - pilots, sailors, snipers, scouts and even musicians.
Sniper Vasily Kurka
The war caught Vasya at the age of sixteen. In the very first days he was mobilized to the labor front, and in October he was admitted to the 726th rifle regiment of the 395th rifle division. At first, a boy of unconscripted age, who also looked a couple of years younger than his age, was left in the wagon train: they say, there is nothing for teenagers to do on the front line. But soon the guy got his way and was transferred to a combat unit - to a team of snipers.
Vasily Kurka. Photo: Imperial War Museum
Amazing military fate: from the first to last day Vasya Kurka fought in the same regiment of the same division! did a good job military career, rising to the rank of lieutenant and taking command of a rifle platoon. Recorded at his own expense, according to various sources, from 179 to 200 destroyed Nazis. He fought from the Donbass to Tuapse and back, and then further, to the West, to the Sandomierz bridgehead. It was there that Lieutenant Kurka was mortally wounded in January 1945, less than six months before the Victory.
Pilot Arkady Kamanin
At the location of the 5th Guards Assault Air Corps, 15-year-old Arkady Kamanin arrived with his father, who was appointed commander of this illustrious unit. The pilots were surprised to learn that the son of the legendary pilot, one of the first seven Heroes of the Soviet Union, a member of the Chelyuskin rescue expedition, would work as an aircraft mechanic in the communications squadron. But they soon became convinced that the "general's son" did not justify their negative expectations at all. The boy did not hide behind the back of the famous father, but simply did his job well - and with all his might strove for the sky.
Sergeant Kamanin in 1944. Photo: war.ee
Soon Arkady achieved his goal: first he takes to the air as a letnab, then as a navigator on the U-2, and then goes on his first independent flight. And finally - the long-awaited appointment: the son of General Kamanin becomes a pilot of the 423rd separate communications squadron. Before the victory, Arkady, who had risen to the rank of foreman, managed to fly almost 300 hours and earn three orders: two - the Red Star and one - the Red Banner. And if it weren’t for meningitis, which literally killed an 18-year-old guy in the spring of 1947, literally in a matter of days, Kamanin Jr. would have been included in the cosmonaut detachment, the first commander of which was Kamanin Sr.: Arkady managed to enter the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy back in 1946.
Front-line scout Yuri Zhdanko
Ten-year-old Yura ended up in the army by chance. In July 1941, he went to show the retreating Red Army soldiers a little-known ford on the Western Dvina and did not have time to return to his native Vitebsk, where the Germans had already entered. And so he left with a part to the east, to Moscow itself, in order to start the return journey to the west from there.
Yuri Zhdanko. Photo: russia-reborn.ru
On this path, Yura managed a lot. In January 1942, he, who had never jumped with a parachute before, went to the rescue of encircled partisans and helped them break through the enemy ring. In the summer of 1942, together with a group of reconnaissance colleagues, he blows up a strategically important bridge across the Berezina, sending to the bottom of the river not only the bridge deck, but also nine trucks passing through it, and less than a year later, he is the only one of all the messengers who managed to break through to the surrounded battalion and help him get out of the "ring".
By February 1944, the chest of the 13-year-old scout was decorated with the medal "For Courage" and the Order of the Red Star. But a shell that exploded literally underfoot interrupted Yura's front-line career. He ended up in the hospital, from where he went to Suvorov School but failed due to health reasons. Then the retired young intelligence officer retrained as a welder and also managed to become famous on this “front”, having traveled with his welding machine almost half of Eurasia - he built pipelines.
Infantryman Anatoly Komar
Among the 263 Soviet soldiers who covered enemy embrasures with their bodies, the youngest was 15-year-old private of the 332nd reconnaissance company of the 252nd rifle division of the 53rd army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front Anatoly Komar. The teenager got into the active army in September 1943, when the front came close to his native Slavyansk. It happened with him almost the same way as with Yura Zhdanko, with the only difference that the boy served as a guide not for the retreating, but for the advancing Red Army. Anatoly helped them go deep into the front line of the Germans, and then left with the advancing army to the west.
Young partisan. Photo: Imperial War Museum
But, unlike Yura Zhdanko, Tolya Komar's front-line path was much shorter. For only two months he had a chance to wear epaulettes that had recently appeared in the Red Army and go on reconnaissance. In November of the same year, returning from a free search in the rear of the Germans, a group of scouts revealed themselves and was forced to break through to their own with a fight. The last obstacle on the way back was a machine gun, which pressed the reconnaissance to the ground. Anatoly Komar threw a grenade at him, and the fire subsided, but as soon as the scouts got up, the machine gunner began to shoot again. And then Tolya, who was closest to the enemy, got up and fell on a machine-gun barrel, at the cost of his life, buying his comrades precious minutes for a breakthrough.
Sailor Boris Kuleshin
In a cracked photograph against the background of sailors in black uniforms with ammunition boxes on their backs and superstructures Soviet cruiser there is a boy of ten years old. His hands are tightly squeezing a PPSh assault rifle, and on his head is a peakless cap with a guards ribbon and the inscription "Tashkent". This is a pupil of the crew of the leader of the destroyers "Tashkent" Borya Kuleshin. The picture was taken in Poti, where, after repairs, the ship called for another cargo of ammunition for the besieged Sevastopol. It was here that the twelve-year-old Borya Kuleshin appeared at the gangway of the Tashkent. His father died at the front, his mother, as soon as Donetsk was occupied, was taken to Germany, and he himself managed to escape across the front line to his own people and, together with the retreating army, reach the Caucasus.
Boris Kuleshin. Photo: weralbum.ru
While they were persuading the commander of the ship, Vasily Eroshenko, while they were deciding which combat unit to enroll the cabin boy in, the sailors managed to give him a belt, cap and machine gun and take a picture of the new crew member. And then there was a transition to Sevastopol, Borya's first raid on the "Tashkent" in his life and the first clips for an anti-aircraft gun in his life, which he, along with other anti-aircraft gunners, gave to the shooters. At his combat post, he was wounded on July 2, 1942, when German aircraft tried to sink the ship in the port of Novorossiysk. After the hospital, Borya, following Captain Eroshenko, came to a new ship - the guards cruiser Krasny Kavkaz. And already here he found his well-deserved award: presented for the battles on the "Tashkent" to the medal "For Courage", he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner by the decision of the front commander, Marshal Budyonny and a member of the Military Council, Admiral Isakov. And in the next front-line picture, he already flaunts in a new uniform of a young sailor, on whose head is a peakless cap with a guards ribbon and the inscription "Red Caucasus". It was in this form that in 1944 Borya went to the Tbilisi Nakhimov School, where in September 1945, among other teachers, educators and pupils, he was awarded the medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
Musician Petr Klypa
Fifteen-year-old pupil of the musical platoon of the 333rd rifle regiment, Pyotr Klypa, like other underage inhabitants of the Brest Fortress, had to go to the rear with the outbreak of war. But Petya refused to leave the fighting citadel, which, among others, was defended by the only native person - his older brother, Lieutenant Nikolai. So he became one of the first teenage soldiers in the Great Patriotic War and a full participant heroic defense Brest fortress.
Peter Klypa. Photo: worldwar.com
He fought there until the beginning of July, until he received an order, along with the remnants of the regiment, to break through to Brest. This is where Petit's ordeals began. Having crossed the tributary of the Bug, he, along with other colleagues, was captured, from which he soon managed to escape. He got to Brest, lived there for a month and moved east, behind the retreating Red Army, but did not reach. During one of the nights, he and a friend were discovered by the police, and the teenagers were sent to forced labor in Germany. Petya was released only in 1945 American troops, and after checking, he even managed to serve for several months in Soviet army. And upon returning to his homeland, he again ended up behind bars, because he succumbed to the persuasion of an old friend and helped him speculate on the loot. Pyotr Klypa was released only seven years later. He had to thank the historian and writer Sergei Smirnov for this, bit by bit recreating the history of the heroic defense of the Brest Fortress and, of course, not missing the story of one of its youngest defenders, who, after his release, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree.
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