Lomonosov (Moscow) is an excellent educational institution for young people who want to devote their lives entirely to science or get a quality versatile education that opens the door to a number of leading Russian and foreign companies.
Founding of the university
Moscow State University was founded in 1755 by M. Lomonosov and I. Shuvalov. The opening date was supposed to be 1754, but this was not destined to happen due to repair work. Decree to open educational institution signed by Empress Elizabeth herself in the winter of the same year. In honor of this event, Tatyana's Day is celebrated every year at the university. In the spring, the first lectures began to be read. Ivan Shuvalov became the curator of the university, and Alexei Argamakov became the director. The most interesting thing is that Mikhail Lomonosov was not mentioned in any official document and in any speech dedicated to the opening. Historians explain this by the fact that Ivan Shuvalov appropriated the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating Moscow State University and the glory from it, and also introduced a number of provisions into his activities that were zealously disputed by Lomonosov himself and other progressive scientists. This is just a guess for which there is no evidence. Some historians believe that Lomonosov only carried out Shuvalov's instructions.
Control
Lomonosov was subordinate to the Government Senate. University professors were subordinate only to the university court, which was headed by a director and a curator. The duties of the curator included the full management of the institution, the appointment of teachers, approval curriculum etc. The director was elected from outsiders and carried out control activities. His duties also included providing the material side of the issue and establishing correspondence with well-known scientists and other educational institutions. For the director's decision to have full effect, it had to be approved by the curator. The Conference of Professors, which consisted of 3 professors and 3 assessors, worked under the director.
18th century
Named after Lomonosov (Moscow State University) in the 18th century could offer students three medicines and rights. Mikhail Kheraskov in 1779 creates a university noble boarding school, which becomes a gymnasium in 1930. The founder of the university press is considered (1780). The newspaper "Moskovskie Vedomosti" was published here, which was the most popular in the whole Russian Empire. Soon, the first scientific communities began to form at the university.
19th century
Since 1804, the management of the university passed into the hands of the Council and the rector, who was personally approved by the emperor. The council consisted of the best professors. The re-election of the rector took place every year by secret ballot. Deans were elected in the same way. Kh. Chebotarev became the first rector who was elected according to such a system. The council dealt with the issues of the curriculum, testing the knowledge of students and appointing teachers in the gymnasium and college. Every month, Lomonosov Moscow State University hosted meetings dedicated to new scientific discoveries and experiments. The executive body was the Board, which consisted of the rector and deans. Communication between the university managers and the authorities was carried out with the help of a trustee. At this time, the faculties at Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov underwent some changes: they were divided into 4 branches of science (political, verbal, physical and mathematical and medical).
20th century
In 1911 there was a loud scandal - the Casso affair. As a result, about 30 professors and 130 teachers leave the university for 6 years. The Faculty of Physics and Mathematics suffered the most from this, which, after the departure of P. Lebedev, froze in development for 15 years. In 1949, the construction of a new building on Sparrow Hills began, which in the future became the main building of the university. In 1992, the well-known mathematician V. Sadovnichiy was elected rector of the university.
Studying proccess
Do you want to know what they teach at Lomonosov Moscow State University? In 2011, all Russian universities were supposed to switch to a two-level system of education, which is prescribed by the Bologna Convention. Despite this, MSU continues to teach students in an integrated 6-year program. The rector of the university, Viktor Sadovnichy, said that the educational institution trains future specialists according to its own standards. He emphasized that they would be at a level above the state ones. For students, two forms of education are possible - a specialist and a master's degree. Training for a specialist will last 6 years, and bachelor's degree will remain only at some faculties. Analysts in the field of education have different points of view on this decision of the university: someone approves of it, someone is in no hurry to draw conclusions.
Structure
Today, the university consists of more than 600 buildings, the total area of which is approximately 1 million m². Only in the capital of Russia the territory of the university occupies about 200 hectares. It is known that the Moscow government has allocated an area of 120 hectares for new buildings of the university, which has been under construction since 2003. active work. The territory was received on a gratuitous lease. Construction is largely due to the assistance of Inteko CJSC. The company has built up part of the allocated area with two residential areas and a parking area. The university has a share of 30% and 15% of the parking. It is also planned to build up the territory with four buildings surrounding the fundamental library. All this will be a small town, which will house the laboratory and research buildings and the stadium.
The fundamental library was built in 2005. In the fall of 2007, the mayor of the city Yu. Luzhkov and the rector of Moscow State University solemnly opened two important objects: The first academic building of Moscow State University, which houses three faculties ( government controlled, historical and philosophical) and a system of 5 buildings for a medical center (polyclinic, hospital, diagnostic and analytical centers and an educational building). In the winter of 2009, the grand opening of the 3rd humanitarian building took place, which was planned to house the Faculty of Economics. A year later, the 4th building was opened, which was occupied by the Faculty of Law. An underground pedestrian crossing was created under Lomonosovsky Prospekt, which connected the new and old territories.
In 2011, the first educational building, located on the new territory, began to be called Shuvalovsky, and another one under construction will be called Lomonosovsky. There are branches of the university even outside the country, in the most remote corners: in Astana, Dushanbe, Baku, Yerevan, Tashkent and Sevastopol.
scientific life
Named after Lomonosov (Moscow State University) is famous for talented scientists who regularly publish interesting works and research. In the spring of 2017, MSU biologists published a report in which they proved the relationship between kidney failure and “wrong” mitochondria. The results of the experiments were published in scientific journal scientific reports. A new way has been created to help evaluate the state environment. The university is famous not only for famous scientists who have already created a name for themselves, but also for young talents. Many of them in 2017 became laureates of the Moscow Government Prize.
Faculties
Lomonosov Moscow State University offers students a choice of a large number of areas of education. There are about 30 faculties in total. The Moscow School of Economics operates on the basis of the university, graduate School of business, the faculty of military education, the Higher School of Translation, etc. There is also a University Gymnasium, which accepts orphans. What interesting things can we learn about Lomonosov Moscow State University? The Faculty of Physics is considered one of the most progressive, and for good reason. It is considered the best place for teaching physics in all of Russia, because research is carried out here that receives worldwide publicity. Leading teachers are scientists who are known for their discoveries and ideas even abroad. This faculty was established in 1933, and then it was called the Department of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. Such scientists as S. Vavilov, N. Bogolyubov, A. Tikhonov taught here. Of the 10 Russian Nobel Prize winners, 7 studied and worked at this faculty: A. Prokhorov, P. Kapitsa, I. Frank, L. Landau, A. Abrikosov and I. Tamm.
Summing up this review article, I would like to say that Moscow State University. Lomonosov is one of best universities Russian Federation if not the best. Each applicant should make a choice independently, because studying here opens up a lot of opportunities. The popularity of this educational institution is unlikely to ever fall, because even in branches there are almost never shortages.
Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, founded in 1755, is considered one of the leading universities in Russia. Since the beginning of its foundation, the university has been the center of the academic life of the country. Moscow State University is one of two domestic universities included in the main international university rankings. More than 40 thousand students study at Moscow State University, 20% of which are foreigners. Moscow State University includes 39 faculties, 15 research institutes, 4 museums, 6 branches, about 380 departments, a science park, a botanical garden, a scientific library, a publishing house, a printing house, Cultural Center and a boarding school.
The founder of Moscow State University is Mikhail Lomonosov, after whom the University was officially named in 1940. Initially, the university consisted of three faculties: philosophical, medical and legal. All students began their studies as philosophers and subsequently chose a specialization. V pre-revolutionary Russia All free citizens, regardless of their class, could enter the University. Many outstanding scientists and statesmen, including 11 Nobel laureates, studied and taught within the walls of Moscow State University. Among them B.L. Pasternak, L.D. Landau, A.D. Sakharov and M.S. Gorbachev.
Year of foundation
Location
Number of students
Academic Specialization
Moscow State University trains students at 39 faculties in 128 areas and specialties, covering the entire spectrum modern education. In addition to traditional fundamental, natural, humanitarian and social disciplines, the university has such interdisciplinary programs as bioinformatics and production. In such specialties as mathematics, physics, astronomy and chemistry, Moscow State University is among the best universities in the world. In 2013, in the "Shanghai" academic ranking of world universities in mathematics, Moscow State University took 36th place.
Basic moments
Throughout its 260-year history, the university has remained the most prestigious in the country. Within its walls, I.S. Turgenev, A.P. Chekhov, N.I. Pirogov, Maximilian Voloshin, B.L. Pasternak, V.V. Pozner, A.S. Politkovskaya, E.V. Kaspersky, M.S. Gorbachev, Boris Akunin and many other prominent personalities. Of the 18 Soviet and Russian Nobel Prize winners, 11 were students or teachers at Moscow State University. 12% of all discoveries registered in the Soviet Union belong to its former students.
Today, about 300 academicians and corresponding members of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation teach at the university. 39 faculties, about 40 thousand students, six branches, including in other countries, research institutes– the scale, scope and huge internal potential of this alma mater are really impressive! The university campus is considered the largest in the world. Currently, Moscow State University continues to actively develop, new buildings are being built, the science park attracts talented young scientists and entrepreneurs to create high-tech projects.
Founders
The honor of founding the Imperial Moscow University belongs to the outstanding Russian naturalist Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna and statesman and philanthropist Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov. In correspondence with the latter, Lomonosov provided a detailed plan for the structure of the university.
Adjutant General Shuvalov was a favorite of the Empress and had a huge influence on her. It was at his request that a decree was signed on the creation of a university, of which he became the curator. He was in charge of economic issues, and the budget, and the choice of professors and students, the gymnasium. Shuvalov managed to achieve the independence of the educational institution from local authorities. Ivan Ivanovich replenished the library of the university with his own books. For a hundred years it remained the only one accessible to the public.
Shuvalov invited foreign professors and sent talented students abroad. Many of them, after returning, became teachers at the alma mater (Zybelin, Veniaminov, Tretyakov and others). Even when he retired, he continued to be interested in the affairs of the university: he worked for Mikhail Kheraskov, returning him to the post of curator; supported N.I. Novikov, who was in disgrace for sharp satirical works.
From the history of the university
The solemn opening ceremony of the Imperial Moscow University took place on January 12 (25), 1755 on the day of the Holy Great Martyr Tatiana. For more than a hundred years, it was a celebration of the founding of the university, and then became Students' Day. In the morning, a divine service was held at the Cathedral of the Mother of God of Kazan, then the teachers spoke within the walls of the educational institution. Dinner was given, and in the evening - festive illumination. The event was widely covered by domestic and foreign press.
The University was located in the building of the Pharmaceutical House (Red Square) of the former Zemsky Prikaz. The first enrollment was only 16 students. Basically, they were graduates of the Moscow Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Everyone could come to lectures and debates.
Initially, education was free, and later money for study was not taken only from the most talented. Obligatory was the acquisition of basic knowledge at the Faculty of Philosophy in history, poetry, criticism, physics, oratorio. Then students, according to natural talents, either continued their studies or moved to medical or law faculties. Government funding was not enough. E. Dashkova, the Demidovs, the Stroganovs and many other patrons helped the university in every possible way: they established scholarships for talented students, bequeathed their collections of books.
The nobles preferred military service. V late XVIII century, out of 24 university professors, only three were of noble origin, the rest were the children of petty officials, clerics, and merchants. In the gymnasium at the university, mostly raznochintsy also studied. Among the teachers of the institution were students of Lomonosov from the University in St. Petersburg - Barsov, Yaremsky, Popovsky. The second gymnasium was founded later. In 1756, the printing house of the university began its work. Translations of the works of Shakespeare, Diderot, Voltaire and many others were printed here. Moskovskie Vedomosti, an independent newspaper, was published twice a week. This is where the bookshop started. In 1757, a student choir was created, then a theater. A year later, the performances were already gathering the residents of Moscow.
In 1804 the Charter was changed. Innovations touched management, the position of a trustee was introduced. The rector's candidacy was approved by the emperor.
At the turn of the century, the formation of scientific communities began. Moscow State University has not only blended in wonderfully with the social life of the city, but also gathered around itself talented and outstanding people. A few years later, graduates - young educated people - formed the backbone that set the character of Moscow life.
History and architecture of the main buildings
At the end of the 18th century, Catherine II bought a building on Mokhovaya Street and allocated funds for the construction of 7 buildings and a temple. The main building of Moscow University (that was the name of the old building) was under construction for 7 years under the direction of M.F. Kazakov. However, as a result of the Moscow fire of 1812, all the buildings were destroyed, priceless archives burned down. The restoration was led by D. Gilardi. He retained the general features of the old building, a semicircular assembly hall, a dome. He added bas-reliefs and stucco decorations, characteristic of the Moscow Empire style, to the design of the facades.
In 1836, E. Tyurin built a university church on the site of the former wing of the Pashkovs. The interior is decorated with sculptures of angels, paintings by Langelotti and Claudi. N.V. was buried in this church. Gogol, A.A. Fet, university professors. After October revolution the student club was located in the temple, and then the student theater.
Today, there are 3 faculties, a publishing house, an archive of the Museum of History of Moscow State University, a church, a library and a House of Culture on Mokhovaya Street. The old building houses the Institute of Asia and Africa. Now the university manages about seven hundred separate buildings. The modern Main Building of Moscow State University deserves special attention. For 37 years it remained the tallest building (236 meters with a spire) in Europe, 50 years in Russia. The clock installed on the tower of the building remains the largest in the country, as well as the thermometer and barometer. About 500 enterprises were involved in the grandiose construction, which was supervised by the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR Lavrenty Beria.
B.M. was appointed the chief architect of Moscow State University. Iofan (created the project of the Government House on the embankment). It was he who conceived the general design of the structure - a high central part and four lower ones on the sides. The overall design is strictly subject to the rule of the golden section. The architect insisted on erecting a building near the edge. Due to disagreements, B.M. Iofan was removed. L.V. became the new leader. Rudnev. The university building was moved 800 m.
Many advanced technologies were used for the first time during the construction of the Moscow State University building. At the same time, auxiliary buildings were erected, the area under the Michurin alleys was cleared, and covered with a layer of black soil. A fruit and berry nursery was planted - the foundation of the Botanical Garden was laid. The sculptural workshop of V.I. Mukhina. The spire, ears of corn and the star were covered with yellow glass plates, imitating gilding. In interior decoration used Ural gems, crystal, precious woods, marble.
The main building of the university is shrouded in many secrets and student legends. The myth that Moscow State University goes underground for hundreds of meters is very common. It probably has a real historical basis, because B.M. Iofan suggested going deeper to the continental plate. But, of course, this would entail huge costs, and the deadlines were running out.
Under the Main Building of Moscow State University there are really huge basements with several floors. There were bomb shelters, emergency food supplies, access to an artesian well. According to the calculations, the first floors can easily withstand nuclear strike, similar to that applied to the Japanese Hiroshima.
The myth that the Main Building was built by prisoners finds both supporters and opponents. Allegedly, points for their accommodation were even arranged on the upper floors in order to reduce the cost of transportation and settlement. A common story was that someone managed to escape. Opponents of the version argue that it is unlikely that such a strategically important construction could be entrusted to prisoners. There are allegations that the labor of German prisoners of war was used.
Various rumors go around the sculpture of I.V. Stalin. Student fantasies placed it in the center of the cryogenic installation, and instead of the spire on the tower. It sounds plausible that the made figure of the leader after the death of Stalin on March 5, 1953 was simply not installed. There are also rumors about existing plans to rename the university in honor of the "leader of the peoples", as if letters were even prepared for this. This myth remains unconfirmed.
The archives of Moscow State University have draft designs with various ideas for decorating the tower of the building. The options were very different: the figure of Lenin, and Lomonosov, and Stalin, and just a round dome. As a result, the spire is crowned with a five-pointed star, like the rest of the "Stalin skyscrapers" (except for the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs).
There is also talk of a secret metro line that runs from the Kremlin to Vnukovo. Newspapers often carried photographs of the schemes. A map of branched tunnels and highways is located in one of the basements.
There is a legend about four jasper columns from the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, which allegedly adorn the rector's reception room.
And one more thing: in honor of the 250th anniversary of Moscow State University, the Tatiana university satellite was launched to explore outer space. This fact, as you understand, is real and does not need additional confirmation.
Video: The horrors of the hostel of the Main Building of Moscow State University
Moscow University today
Moscow State University continues to be built: the territory occupied by the university on Sparrow Hills (146 hectares) will be doubled. It is planned to create a scientific valley here. Today, research in all branches of science is carried out in the laboratories of the alma mater. Student life is in full swing here: about 40 sports sections, theater and dance studios, KVN. On the territory there are modern sports complexes, swimming pools, four museums with unique exhibits.
Many young people who are seriously thinking about their future dream of studying at the largest and most prestigious university in Russia. The education received within these walls is an excellent foundation for a career. International exchange programs, internships, grants for gifted students open up great opportunities. The cost of a year of study, today, is about 325 thousand rubles. most popular in last years- Faculty of Public Administration.
On average, the usual competition at Moscow State University is six people per place. It is clear that there are fewer applicants for less popular destinations. But it is not enough to enter here - you also need to diligently gnaw at the granite of science in order to hold on.
Is it possible to study at Moscow State University for free? Yes, but only talented and very efficient. There is a boarding school at the university, where about 300 gifted children of the country receive knowledge.
Future applicants can try their hand at various Olympiads - international and held directly at Moscow State University, as well as project championships and Universiades (information about them is available on the university website). And since the university is interested only in the best of the best, the prize-winners and winners of these competitions are enrolled out of competition.
Conditions for admission, rules for submitting documents, information about passing scores are regularly updated on the website www.msu.ru.
How to get there
You can get to the Main Building of Moscow State University by metro to the Universitet station, then transfer to the bus (stop "House of Culture").
Moscow State University ( Sparrow Hills), the first Russian university, one of the centers of domestic and world science. Founded on the initiative and plan of M.V. Lomonosov. Decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna on the establishment of the university (according to the report of I.I. Shuvalov to the Senate), ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
See Universities in pre-revolutionary Russia and the USSR... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Coordinates ... Wikipedia
This page is proposed to be renamed. Explanation of reasons and discussion on the Wikipedia page: To be renamed / November 15, 2012. Perhaps its current name does not comply with the norms of the modern Russian language and / or the rules for naming articles ... Wikipedia
Coordinates ... Wikipedia
- (MGUIE) Original name Moscow State University of Engineering Ecology ... Wikipedia
Named after Ivan Fedorov (MGUP) International name of Moscow State University of Printing Arts ... Wikipedia
Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography ... Wikipedia
- (MGUPI) International name Moscow State University of Instrument Engineering and Computer Science Year of foundation ... Wikipedia
- (MGUDT) Former names Polytechnic Institute of the Leather Industry, Moscow Institute of the Leather Industry, Moscow Technological Institute easily ... Wikipedia
Books
- Chemistry. Formulas for success in entrance exams, Kuzmenko N.E. This manual differs from most publications intended for applicants in that the largest domestic university - Lomonosov Moscow State University - ...
- Moscow University and the Development of Philosophical and Socio-Political Thought in Russia,. May 7, 1955 marked two hundred years since the founding of the Moscow Order of Lenin State University. M. V. Lomonosov. Bicentenary of the Moscow State…
Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov- Moscow State University (Vorobyovy Gory), the first Russian university, one of the centers of domestic and world science. Founded on the initiative and plan of M.V. Lomonosov. Decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna on the establishment of the university (according to the report of I.I. Shuvalov to the Senate), ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER M. V. LOMONOSOV- see Universities in pre-revolutionary Russia and the USSR ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov- Coordinates ... Wikipedia
Moscow State University- This page is proposed to be renamed. Explanation of reasons and discussion on the Wikipedia page: To be renamed / November 15, 2012. Perhaps its current name does not comply with the norms of the modern Russian language and / or the rules for naming articles ... Wikipedia
Moscow State University- Coordinates ... Wikipedia
Moscow State University of Engineering Ecology- (MGUIE) Original name Moscow State University of Engineering Ecology ... Wikipedia
Moscow State University of Printing Arts- named after Ivan Fedorov (MGUP) International name of Moscow State University of Printing Arts ... Wikipedia
Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography- Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography ... Wikipedia
Moscow State University of Instrument Engineering and Informatics- (MGUPI) International name Moscow State University of Instrument Engineering and Computer Science Year of foundation ... Wikipedia
Moscow State University of Design and Technology- (MGUDT) Former names Polytechnic Institute of the Leather Industry, Moscow Institute of the Leather Industry, Moscow Technological Institute easily ... Wikipedia
Books
- Chemistry. Formulas for success in entrance exams, Kuzmenko N.E. This manual differs from most publications intended for applicants in that the largest domestic university - Lomonosov Moscow State University - ... Buy for 1331 rubles
- Moscow University and the Development of Philosophical and Socio-Political Thought in Russia,. May 7, 1955 marked two hundred years since the founding of the Moscow Order of Lenin State University. M. V. Lomonosov. Bicentenary of the Moscow State…
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