What modern man should know. What every person in the modern world should know

Life is a funny thing. No one will hand you a textbook for adulthood with a set of rules and a list of all the necessary skills that you will have to master in life.

In some mysterious way, you yourself must understand that you need to earn more than you spend, and it is better not to wear a fluffy mohair sweater to a job interview.

Therefore, we have compiled our own guide to survival in modern world and listed the skills that no adult can do without.

1. Accept criticism with gratitude

Most people can't stand being pointed out wrong or being told they could have done better. However, being able to suppress emotions and focus on the information that they are trying to convey to you is a truly unique talent. Criticism can be fair or unfair, but let your mind decide, not your wounded ego.

2. Sincerely ask for forgiveness

All people make mistakes, but not everyone knows the art of sincerely asking for forgiveness.

Apologies are not measured by quantity and cannot be good or bad - they must be sincere. And besides, when you apologize, you must explain exactly how you are going to avoid repeating an unpleasant situation in the future.

Here is a six-step algorithm to help you ask for forgiveness the right way:

Don't put off apologizing.
Apologize only in person.
Explain what happened.
Show that you will make every effort to ensure that what happened does not happen again.
Sorry.
If possible, try to make amends with real deeds.

3. Manage your time well

It is unlikely that such a happy moment will come in your life when you do not have to balance between a bunch of problems at work and in your personal life. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary for you to master time management - otherwise you will constantly feel at the limit of your strength.

Perhaps the most important rule of time management is that you should only do one thing at a time. Research shows that the habit of multitasking is highly unproductive because your brain wastes energy in the process of switching from one task to another.

Also, it would be wise of you to limit your hours of work. Decades ago, Henry Ford came to the conclusion that labor productivity begins to decline when employees work more than 40 hours a week. Other studies show that the productivity of those who work about 60 hours a week decreases after only three weeks of such a regimen.

4. Know how to say "no"

Most of us are afraid to say “no” for fear of letting other people down. But if you are already swamped with work and a colleague asks for an hour to help with a project report, then the answer “Yes, of course” is far from the best option.

It may sound like a cliché, but the ability to say “no” at the right time can save you a lot of time and save you from feelings of guilt, confusion, unnecessary obligations and promises, stress, and other troubles of human communication.

5. Put yourself in someone else's shoes

Empathy is at the core of every human interaction. People who are not able to empathize and show interest in others - that is, listen to the interlocutor and put themselves in his place - often suffer from narcissism.

6. Communicate in body language

Your body can tell you everything it needs to know about you before you even open your mouth.

Experts identify special techniques that will help you win the sympathy of others with the help of body language. For example, do not break eye contact with your interlocutor even after he finishes talking. And be careful not to touch your face too much - it will look like you're lying or very nervous.

You can also read other people's body language to understand what they are thinking or feeling. For example, if during a conversation they copy your facial expressions, then most likely they enjoy talking with you. If they smile, but there are no wrinkles around the eyes, then the smile may be fake.

7. Make Friends Wherever You Go

A good way to make a friend in the adult world is to be the first to trust so the other can open up to you. Research shows that such a “first step” evokes sympathy, affection, and helps build close and friendly relationships. Another surprisingly easy way to make friends is to spend more time with the people you want to be friends with. According to the "mere exposure effect", we often like people or things we've encountered before.

8. Repair clothes yourself

You should learn how to sew buttons to the shirt collar and darn holes that can be easily planted on the sleeve by catching on the edge of the table. Knowing how to handle a needle will save you a lot of money.

9. Speak at least one foreign language

Learning a foreign language will open up a completely different way of thinking for you. You will be able to see and appreciate the riches of those corners of our planet that you did not even know about before.

10. Remember that money loves an account.

Make sure your income exceeds expenses.

It would also be wise to save some of your income for a rainy day, so that in case of unforeseen circumstances you have enough money for several months.

11. Master the Basics of Photoshop

You don't need to hire a professional to retouch the photo you want to put on your site - you can do it yourself with a few simple basic functions of the program.

12. Enjoy being alone

You will not frighten an adult with loneliness - he can spend at least a whole day alone with himself and not go crazy from a lack of communication.

13. Learn to speak in public

Speaking confidently in front of a large audience is a skill worth acquiring. This will help you attract the attention of a wide range of people and leave a lasting impression about yourself.

14. Master the Art of Negotiation

If you are negotiating a salary - and this can and should be done - then The best way to get what you want and at the same time leave a good impression about yourself is to ask for a salary in the range of the desired rate and a little higher. For example, if you want to receive 70 thousand rubles, then you should ask for a salary of 70 to 80 thousand rubles.

15. Cook your own simple meals

Master at least five simple dishes. Learn how to cook them without a cookbook and you'll look like a culinary genius wherever you go.

16. Know how to keep up small talk

The ability to strike up an interesting conversation has never stopped anyone - whether it's a frivolous flirtation with a beauty from a bar or expanding business ties at a conference.

One of the main rules of a casual conversation is to show interest in the interlocutor and allow him to tell as much as possible about himself. Another good tactic is to emphasize the dignity of the interlocutor so that after talking with you, he grows in his own eyes.

17. Don't be afraid to ask for help

There is no shame in asking for advice or help, especially at work.

Many studies even claim that you can grow in the eyes of colleagues as an expert if you ask them for advice. And this seems to be true, since people are flattered that you turned to them in the first place.

18. Meet the opposite sex without fear

Perhaps, any normal person is horrified by the need to approach the person they like and just start a conversation.

But there are ways to manage your anxiety and reduce the risk of you making a complete idiot of yourself.

One study suggests that men prefer to take direct action, such as announcing at the door, "You're really cute - can I buy you a cocktail?" Women, on the contrary, are more fond of questions that require a detailed answer, for example: “What do you think about this group?”.

Only a few of the respondents admitted that they prefer the standard "tackles" - so they are best avoided, no matter how witty they may seem to you.

19. Wake up early in the morning

Pull yourself together and develop your own plan of action in order to force yourself to wake up on time in the morning and leave the house.

In fact, the secret to a good morning is how you spend the evening before bed, so try to relax before bed, for example, take a hot shower or meditate.

In the morning, experts, as a rule, advise that after the first alarm call, press the "repeat" and sleep a little more. We advise you to press "repeat", but instead of sleeping, turn on the light and use the time before the second alarm for a short gymnastics.

20. Get a driver's license

If you live in a big city, then you probably enjoy all the benefits of public transport.

But when you leave the city, the ability to drive a car well becomes a vital skill. It can open up a whole world for you.

If you have not yet received the right, stop relying on the fact that your loved ones or relatives will always drop you to the right place. Take this decisive step towards adulthood and pass on the rights.

Endlessly biting yourself over your own failures is a road to nowhere.

Instead, treat them the way you would treat a friend or colleague failing. For example, you can remind yourself that it's okay to make mistakes and that it doesn't make you a bad person at all.

20 THINGS EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW: 1. The world wants you to stay dumb. The dumber you are, the easier it is for you to sell products and services. The diagonal size of the TV is inversely proportional to the IQ. 2. Do not blindly believe in educational system. Training program out of date on the first day you start learning. (An exception is fundamental programs, but only in the exact sciences; the question of applying fundamental knowledge in everyday life remains open.) 3. Read without stopping, read as much as possible. You never know when new knowledge and concepts will come in handy, but you will be much better prepared for life's surprises. 4. Learn to communicate with others. Avoiding people, considering them unworthy of your communication, means not finding clients, friends, or work in the future. 5. Being shy is a waste of time. Don't let emotions rule your decision-making processes. 6. If you don’t like something in a relationship with another person, in the event of your breakup, this “something” will be the reason. 7. As much as possible communicate with people older than you. Try to understand their value system, their horizons and the logical connections between the environment and decisions taken. 8. Find people to admire and try to outdo them. 9. Over time, people become more conservative. If you want to do risky things, do them while you are young. I came to the conclusion a long time ago that reformism is the result of a lack of knowledge, not a focus. 10. Don't spend money on nonsense: save it for something serious (including your startup). It will also teach you how to spend money in business: wisely and for a purpose. 11. When choosing between spending money on things or experiences, choose experiences. The joy of impressions and memories is higher. 12. After you have learned how to save, learn how to earn. 13. Learn to program. It is easier to make a prototype yourself than to spend time and money explaining it to someone else. If you don't want to code, learn how to do something with your hands so that you can produce something useful. 14. Don't gain weight when you're young. This will shorten your active life by 10-20 years. 15. Learn how to cook food. Best time for thinking about something - when you cut the ingredients for a salad or soup. 16. Get enough sleep at night. Lack of sleep greatly affects the quality of decision making. 17. Write down your activities. Memory is not enough, no matter how fantastic it may be. 18. Have a big dream. Being flexible is great, but without dreams it can turn into running in circles. 19. Become an expert in your field before changing the field of activity. The point here is the 10,000 hour rule, and the fact that a good generalist must have been a good specialist in the past. 20. Don't try to fix people. Look for those who are not yet corrupted. Bonuses Learn 2-3 foreign languages. Knowing a language also provides an understanding of culture and an understanding of diverse points of view and values. Learn to speak culturally and write without mistakes. The ability to speak fluently and to the point will come in handy when you convey the company's point of view to consumers, as well as manage people. Learn to compete ethically in the areas of life you need. Life is a very competitive thing, and the inability to compete reduces your chances of changing your position or social status.

There is no creature on the planet more mysterious and unique than man. We are all impossibly different, but still some common features that unite us can be identified. Let's talk about them.

1. The feeling of constant employment makes people, helps them feel useful to others and maintain a positive attitude. Keep this in mind the next time you feel like complaining to someone about a ton of current affairs.

2. Everyone knows about the seven deadly sins, which cannot be said about the six universal emotions that all people experience without exception. These are happiness, anger, sadness, fear, disgust and surprise.

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3. It is not in vain that those with a sweet tooth are ready to sell their soul, kidney, and even their beloved cat for a plate. And all because when it is used, dopamine enters the body, a substance that causes sensations similar to the feeling of falling in love. Feel free to eat grief with chocolate to compensate for the absence of a loved one nearby.

4. Tired people tend to be more honest. If you feel that your strength is at the limit, then it is better to tactfully keep your mouth shut, otherwise you never know what.

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5. A typical twenty-second hug releases a special chemical into your body that helps you trust more in the person you are hugging. It seems that there was another reason to hug more often.

6. “Oh my God, where is he, where is he, where!” - you probably exclaimed in panic more than once, not finding it in the usual place. And for good reason: scientists say that the emotions experienced when losing a gadget are similar to near-death experiences.

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7. Logic works better when we think in another language. Remember how the brain strains when you try to find in vocabulary the word that best describes what you are trying to say. Exactly.

21. Hooligans are more likely to be people with low self-esteem.

22. 80% of all our conversations are complaints about a hard life. And someone and all 100%.

23. Volunteers, as well as people who volunteer to help others, are more satisfied with their lives.

24. Another fact about: you become much more creative when you feel that your strength is leaving you. Still, you need to come up with a worthy excuse for your idleness.

25. Over time, memories become distorted. As sad as it may be, each of us has a at least one deliberately false memory.

Cover design Rezko I. V.

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1. Ten Commandments by Synodal translation Bibles:

"one. I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage; Thou shalt have no other gods before Me.

2. Do not make for yourself an idol or any image of what is in heaven above, and what is on the earth below, and what is in the water below the earth; do not worship them and do not serve them, for I am the Lord your God, a jealous God, punishing children for the guilt of their fathers up to the third and fourth generations that hate Me, and showing mercy to thousands of generations of those who love Me and keep My commandments.

3. Do not pronounce the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not leave without punishment the one who pronounces His name in vain.

4. Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy; work for six days and do all your work, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God: do not do any work on it, neither you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your maidservant, nor your livestock, nor the stranger who is in your dwellings; for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them; and rested on the seventh day; wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it.

5. Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which the Lord your God is giving you.

6. Don't kill.

7. Do not commit adultery.

8. Don't steal.

9. Do not bear false witness against your neighbor.

10. Do not covet your neighbor's house; Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor anything that is thy neighbor's.

2. One of the seven wonders of the world - the pyramid of Cheops. It is considered the oldest miracle on the list - its construction is estimated around the XXVI century. BC e. Despite its antiquity, this is the only structure of the seven old wonders of the world that has come down to our times. Its height is 137.2 m (originally - 146.6 m), the length of each side at the base is 230.38 m, it is composed of 2,340,000 limestone blocks, each of which weighs more than 50 centners and is supported by its own gravity, without any fasteners. During the construction, primitive tools were used (diorite hammers, copper saws and axes, tools made of polished stone), but the blocks were so skillfully processed that the gaps between them did not exceed 0.5 mm.

Location: Egypt, the city of Giza, the cemetery of ancient Memphis on the left bank of the Nile. Today it is part of Greater Cairo.

3. The Nobel Prizes are awarded according to the will of Alfred Nobel, drawn up on November 27, 1895, which provided for the allocation of capital for the award of prizes in five areas: physics, chemistry, physiology and medicine, literature and contribution to world peace.

For this purpose, in 1900, the Nobel Foundation was created - a private, independent, non-governmental organization with an initial capital of 31 million Swedish kronor. The first prizes were awarded on December 10, 1901. Since 1969, on the initiative of the Swedish Bank, a prize in economics has also been awarded (the official name is the Alfred Nobel Prize in Economics, awarded by the decision of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences).

4. Cyrillic (Cyrillic script) - the alphabet used to write the words of the Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian languages, as well as many languages \u200b\u200bof non-Slavic peoples inhabiting Russia and neighboring states. In the Middle Ages, it was also used to write numbers. The Cyrillic alphabet is named after Cyril, the creator of the Glagolitic alphabet, the first Slavic alphabet. The authorship of the Cyrillic alphabet belongs to missionaries - followers of Cyril and Methodius. The oldest monuments of Cyrillic writing date back to the turn of the 9th–10th centuries. Most likely, this letter was invented in Bulgaria. At first, it was the Greek alphabet, to the 24 letters of which 19 letters were added to indicate those missing in Greek sounds of the Slavic languages. From the 10th century Cyrillic began to write in Russia.

5. Anthem of the Russian Federation

Music by A. Alexandrov. Words by S. Mikhalkov.

Russia is our sacred power,
Russia is our beloved country.
Mighty will, great glory -
Yours forever!

From southern seas to the polar edge
Our forests and fields are spread out.
You are the only one in the world! One you are -
Protected by God native land!
Hail, our free Fatherland,
Fraternal peoples age-old union,
Ancestors given the wisdom of the people!
Hail country! We are proud of you!
Wide scope for dreams and for life
The coming years open up to us.
Our loyalty to the Motherland gives us strength.
So it was, so it is, and so it will always be!
Hail, our free Fatherland,
Fraternal peoples age-old union,
Ancestors given the wisdom of the people!
Hail country! We are proud of you!

6. Researchers are sure that the cosmos was formed after the so-called Big Bang, before which nothing existed: neither time, nor matter, nor light. And then an inexplicable expansion of energy (an explosion) happened, and the greatest mystery was formed - the Universe. This explosion occurred in a matter of seconds, after which the Universe, which at first was a fireball, began to rapidly grow and cool. Since the Universe came into being as a result of an explosion, the most likely demise for it is the Big Freeze, scientists believe. And it will happen as a result of the fact that due to the constant movement and expansion of many galaxies, the Universe will eventually lose heat, that is, useful energy.

7. The most widespread of the world's religions is Christianity, whose followers are considered to be 1.6 billion people. It retains the strongest positions in Europe, America and Australia.

Christianity appeared at the beginning of our era as a development of the biblical wisdom that had been built up over the previous 2000 years. The Bible teaches us to understand and fulfill the meaning of life. Biblical thinking gives decisive importance to the issue of life and death, the end of the world. Jesus Christ preached the ideas of brotherhood, diligence, non-acquisitiveness and peacefulness. The service to wealth was condemned and the superiority of spiritual values over material ones was proclaimed. The First Ecumenical Council, which met in Nicaea in 325, laid the dogmatic foundations of the One Holy Catholic Apostolic Church for many centuries to come.

8. The human body is made up of various chemical elements, and the amount of these elements produced over a lifetime is amazing. So, the chlorine in our bodies is enough to disinfect six huge pools, and more than 200 matchboxes can be made from phosphorus. The strongest part of the human body is hair, it takes the longest time to break down. Archaeologists have found mummies buried millennia before the beginning of our era, and the only thing that has survived from living tissues, in addition to the skeleton, is hair. Human body produces a lot of thermal energy every day: for example, the heat generated by our body in a day is enough to boil 30 liters of cold water.

In an adult of average build, the skin is about 2 m 2. The skin is constantly renewed throughout life, our body sheds about 18 kg of skin in a lifetime in the form of keratinized and dead cells, which are replaced by new cells.

9. The first feat of Heracles was accomplished by strangling the huge Nemean lion, which was born by the monsters Typhon and Echidna and devastated Argolis. The arrows of Hercules bounced off the thick skin of a lion, but the hero stunned the beast with a club and strangled it with his hands. In memory of his first feat, Hercules established the Nemean Games, which were held in the ancient Peloponnese every two years.

10. Countries of the world and their capitals

11. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) - the great German composer and organist, a representative of the Baroque era. One of the greatest composers in the history of music. During his life, Bach wrote more than 1000 works. All significant genres of that time, except for opera, are represented in his work. He summarized the achievements of the musical art of the Baroque period. He is the ancestor of the most famous musical dynasty.

12. The Julian calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC. e. It is believed that Egyptian astronomers developed it. And it was named after the Roman emperor. It acquired its final form in 8 AD. e.

The year began on January 1, since it was on this day that the elected consuls took office, and consisted of 12 months or 365 days, sometimes 366. It is this “sometimes” that distinguishes it from the Gregorian calendar.

The problem was that a full revolution around the Sun - a tropical year - the Earth makes in 365.24219878 days. The calendar has an integer number of days. It turns out that if there are 365 days in a year, then every year the calendar will go astray - go ahead by almost a quarter of a day. In the Julian calendar, they acted simply - to correct the discrepancy, it was assumed that every fourth year would become a leap year (annus bissextus) and would have 366 days. In this way, average duration The year in the Julian calendar is 365.25 days, which is already much closer to the real tropical year. However, the calendar began to lag behind every year by 11 minutes 14 seconds. For 128 years, it will be a day. This has resulted in some dates associated with astronomical phenomena, began to shift. As a result, there was a need for calendar reform.

13. Ten masterpieces of world cinema (according to directors):

1. "Tokyo Tale" - Yasujiro Ozu, 1953

2. 2001: A Space Odyssey - Stanley Kubrick, 1968

3. "Citizen Kane" - Orson Welles, 1941

4. "8 and a half" - Federico Fellini, 1963

5. "Taxi Driver" - Martin Scorsese, 1976

6. Apocalypse Now - Francis Ford Coppola, 1979

7. The Godfather - Francis Ford Coppola, 1972

8 Vertigo - Alfred Hitchcock, 1958

9. "Mirror" - Andrei Tarkovsky, 1974

10 Bicycle Thieves - Vittorio De Sica, 1948

14. Darwinism is criticized by a number of representatives of religion, who believe that it contradicts the divine creation of man. The fact is that Darwinism explains the origin of man by a long evolution, and this, according to the literal reading of the sacred texts, runs counter to the relatively recent formation of the world. At the same time, the Catholic Church, in a special papal encyclical - Humani generis - recognized that the theory of evolution does not contradict the teachings of the Church and "can be considered as a hypothesis in the question of the origin of the human body."

15. Tsars and emperors of Russia:

Mikhail Fedorovich Krotkiy (1613–1645)

Alexey Mikhailovich the Quietest (1645–1676)

Fedor Alekseevich (1676–1682)

Sofia Alekseevna (1682–1689)

Peter I Alekseevich the Great (1689–1725)

Catherine I Alekseevna (1725–1727)

Peter II Alekseevich (1727–1730)

Anna Ioannovna (1730–1740)

Ivan VI Antonovich (1740–1741)

Elizaveta Petrovna (1741–1761)

Peter III Fedorovich (1761–1762)

Catherine II Alekseevna the Great (1762–1796)

Pavel I Petrovich (1796–1801)

Alexander I Pavlovich the Blessed (1801–1825)

Konstantin Pavlovich (1825)

Nicholas I Pavlovich (1825–1855)

Alexander II Nikolaevich (1855–1881)

Alexander III Alexandrovich(1881–1894)

Nicholas II Alexandrovich (1894–1917)

16. The Vatican is a dwarf state, the smallest in the world, located in Rome, the capital of Italy. IN international law The Vatican itself is only the territory on which it is located in this moment Holy See - the collective name of the Pope and the Roman Curia, one of the main administrative bodies catholic church. Thus, the embassies of other countries are not accredited to the Vatican, but to the Holy See. A significant part of the territory is occupied by St. Peter's Cathedral and the square of the same name, which are the center of worship for Catholics around the world. Almost the entire perimeter of the country (about 3,200 m) is limited by a wall preventing illegal entry. As befits a real state, the Vatican has everything: Railway and telegraph, telephone and television, radio station and treasury, rulers and subjects, guarded border.

17. Abstractionism (Latin abstractio - “removal, distraction”) is a direction of art that has abandoned the depiction of forms close to reality in painting and sculpture. By creating certain color combinations and geometric shapes, the viewer evokes a variety of associations. The main representatives of abstract art were: V. V. Kandinsky (1866-1944), P. Picasso (1881-1973).

18. Continent (mainland, part of the world) is a large piece of land or earth's crust. Much of it is above sea level.

There are seven continents on Earth - Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica. However, one can often find other opinions about the number, because in different traditions a different number of continents is accepted, hence the periodic confusion with numbers. For example, sometimes North and South America are considered to be a single continent, the Americas, since they are, in fact, not separated by water (the artificial Panama Canal is not taken into account). This interpretation is popular in Spanish-speaking countries. There is also an opinion that Europe, Asia and Africa are one continent - Afro-Eurasia - because they occupy an undivided landmass. Europe and Asia, which have an extremely implicit distinction, are often called Eurasia. Hence the results of the calculation, when there are from four to seven continents on Earth.

Asia is the largest continent. This applies both to the area (29 %), as well as the population (60 %). The smallest continent is Australia (5.14% and 0.54% respectively). Antarctica is not on the list because this icy continent is unsuitable for a comfortable life and is practically uninhabited.

19. Atlantis, according to the ancient Greeks, is the mainland, which supposedly occupied part Atlantic Ocean in the west of the Pillars of Hercules (Strait of Gibraltar), and later sank into the sea without a trace.

The idea of the legendary Atlantis most likely developed from the stories of Phoenician and Carthaginian merchants who sailed far to the west, but numerous attempts to geographically fix Atlantis have so far been unsuccessful. If you collect all the data on where Atlantis could be located, you would get a fascinating book in which you would have to tell about South America, with which the famous philosopher Francis Bacon identified Atlantis in the utopia "New Atlantis", and about the North Sea, where, according to the German pastor Jürgen Spanut, there was a mysterious continent near the island of Heligoland, and about the search for it in early XIX in. from Yucatan to Mongolia and from Svalbard to Saint Helena. Atlantis was "prescribed" in Brazil, Scandinavia, Palestine, in the Pas de Calais, etc.

20. American astronauts July 20, 1969 landed on the surface of the moon. The first person to walk on the moon was Apollo 11 commander Neil Armstrong.

6 hours after the "landing" astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin put on spacesuits with a knapsack system, opened the hatch and descended to the lunar surface. Television broadcasts about landing a man on the moon were carried out by all countries except the USSR and China.

The first people on the moon paid tribute to all American and Soviet fallen colleagues: their medals, as well as a capsule with messages from the heads of 74 states (the USSR was not among them) were left on the moon. Attached to the landing stage was a map of the Earth and a sign that read: “Here, people from planet Earth first set foot on the moon. We come in peace from all mankind." These words were signed by the astronauts and the President of the United States.

After the flight, the crew members and samples of lunar rock underwent strict quarantine, which did not reveal any lunar microorganisms.

The successful completion of the Apollo 11 flight program meant the achievement of the national goal set by US President John F. Kennedy in May 1961 - to land on the moon before the end of the decade, and marked the victory of the United States in the "moon race" with the USSR.

21. The Gregorian calendar was the result of the reform of the Julian calendar by Pope Gregory XIII. The project was developed by Luigi Lilio, and according to this project, in the future, only those century years were to be considered leap years, the number of hundreds of years of which is divisible by 4 (1600, 2000, 2400), while others will be considered simple. Also, the accumulated from 8 AD was eliminated. e. an error of 10 days, and according to the papal decree of February 24, 1582, it was established that for October 4, 1582, October 15 should immediately come.

In the new Gregorian calendar, the average length of the year was 365.2425 days. The error was only 26 s, and the discrepancy per day accumulated over about 3300 years. In the future, it will be possible to declare every year divisible by 4000 without a remainder as non-leap years, and then the average value of the year will be 365.24225 days, with an even smaller error.

22. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are included in the list of seven wonders of the world. Created in the VI century. BC e. by order of the king of the desert Babylon Nebuchadnezzar II for his wife, these gardens were supposed to console her and remind her of her distant homeland. The name of Semiramis, the Assyrian queen, appeared here by mistake, but nevertheless firmly entrenched in history.

The tiers of gardens rose in ledges and were interconnected by staircases lined with slabs of pink and white stone. For watering the plants, water was pumped from the Euphrates all day long. Plants of near and far countries, trees, palm trees, flowers raised to great heights by complex structures - all this made an indelible impression on the people of that time, gardens in dusty, arid Babylon seemed like a miracle. Location: Babylon, Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia), approximately 50 km south of modern Baghdad.

23. UNESCO World Heritage - natural or man-made objects, priorities in relation to which, according to UNESCO, are their preservation and promotion due to their special cultural, historical or environmental significance. As of 2016, there are 1,031 properties on the World Heritage List, of which 802 are cultural, 197 are natural and 32 are mixed.

24. The most ancient of the world religions is Buddhism, which arose in the middle of the 1st millennium BC. e. in India. After more than 15 centuries of dominance in India, Buddhism gave way to Hinduism. However, Buddhism spread widely throughout the countries of Southeast Asia, penetrated into Sri Lanka, China, Korea, Japan, Tibet, and Mongolia. The number of its adherents is estimated at about 500 million people.

In Buddhism, all the social and moral tenets of Hinduism are preserved, but the requirements of caste and asceticism are weakened. Buddhism pays more attention to the current life.

25. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) - the great Austrian composer, instrumentalist and conductor, representative of the Viennese classical school, virtuoso violinist, harpsichordist, organist, conductor. He had a phenomenal musical ear, memory and ability to improvise. As a composer who excelled in every genre, Mozart is rightfully considered one of the greatest composers in the history of classical music.

26. Avant-gardism (French avant-garde - "vanguard") - a set of experimental, emphatically unusual, exploratory undertakings in the art of the 20th century. The avant-garde areas of painting include fauvism, cubism, futurism, expressionism, abstractionism, surrealism, actionism, pop art, and conceptual art.

27. The second feat of Hercules is the destruction of the Lernean hydra. This monster with the body of a snake and nine heads of a dragon crawled out of the swamp near the city of Lerna, killed people and destroyed entire herds. Hercules found the hydra in a cave and fought with her. In place of each hydra's head cut off by the hero, two new ones grew, until Hercules' assistant, Iolaus, began to burn the necks of the hydra with burning tree trunks. He also killed a giant cancer that crawled out of the swamp to help the hydra. In the poisonous bile of the Lernean hydra, Hercules soaked his arrows, making them deadly.

28. The holy book of Christians - the Bible - consists of the Old Testament and the New Testament. Old Testament was borrowed from Judaism and compiled over several centuries. He describes those events and facts that, in fact, led to the appearance of Jesus Christ. The texts of the New Testament tell about his life. They were combined into one book only at the beginning of the II century. The authorship of portions of the Testament is currently a moot point. The texts of the Bible differ depending on the branches of Christianity, for example, the Protestant Bible contains several additional books of the Old Testament.

29. The statue of Zeus at Olympia is one of the seven wonders of the world. It was created for a temple in a large religious center Ancient Greece- Olympia. The giant Zeus by the sculptor Phidias amazed the locals so much that they decided that the god himself personally posed for the master. Time of creation - 440-435 years. BC e. Location: Greece, ancient city Olympia on the western coast of the Peloponnese, about 300 km west of Athens.

30. Cubism (fr. cube - “cube”) is a modernist trend in painting of the early 20th century, which highlighted the formal task of constructing a three-dimensional form on a plane, minimizing the figurative and cognitive functions of art. The name "Cubists" was first used in 1908 and 1909. by the French critic L. Vossel as a derisive nickname for a group of artists who depicted objects as a combination of geometric bodies or figures. The most famous artist of this trend is P. Picasso (1881–1973).

The century of development of modern technologies removes a number of routine duties from our shoulders. Smart machines come to the rescue. What must know modern man so as not to turn into a helpless lazy person? Indeed, in the absence of independent decisions in certain life situations, it makes each of us dependent on modern mechanisms.

20 things a modern person should know

Smart gadgets, computers, microwave ovens, washing machines… imagine that all this has disappeared. Consider, what knowledge and skills a modern person should have:

Making decisions.
Creative thinking.
Analytic mind.
Communication skills.
Fast adaptability.
Self-education.
Memory development.
Healthy lifestyle.
Organization.
Self-development.
Know how to make a fire.
Know the basics of geography.
Use a map and compass.
Provide first aid.
Choose quality food.
Know how to cook food.
Use hammer and axe.
Fix things.
Know how to sew.
To swim.

As you can see, the list consists of two parts.

First part - necessary skills for personal development, the second - elementary life skills. Let's consider each item in more detail.

Skills for the development of a person's personality

The development of the following principles will help to distinguish successful person from an ordinary individual.

Making decisions . From the correctness of the decision that a person chooses in one or another life situation depends on its future. An important aspect is that the decision must not only be made, but also implemented.
Creative thinking. Such qualities as ingenuity and the ability to find new options for solving old problems will force a person to break their ingrained stereotypes.
Analytic mind. The ability to use logic in the comprehensive analysis of certain information. With the development analytical warehouse mind, a person is able to find the best solution to the problem.
Communication skills . Art effective communication person with other members of society. Good communication skills allow you to successfully interact with the world and be understood by others.
Fast adaptability. Adaptation of a person to the formed criteria and requirements of a separate group (for example, a school, a work team). Thanks to quick adaptability, a person easily enters a new team and adequately orients himself in a new group.
Self-education. Self-education allows you to get relevant knowledge that a person needs for further personal development. Helps to increase intellectual abilities and expand the circle of communication.
Memory Development . A good memory allows you to achieve success in any field of activity. This quality is especially relevant in our information time, associated with huge flows of information.
Healthy lifestyle. It is impossible to achieve success in life without good health. A healthy lifestyle is not only regular exercise in the morning, but also proper nutrition, regular sleep and maintenance of body hygiene.
Organization. This item includes self-discipline, organization of the day and the ability to fulfill everything planned in advance. An organized person can effectively distribute his forces and get excellent results as a result.
Self-development. Continuous development is the basis for the success of any person. Improving his skills, a person increases his intellectual potential, personal culture, will and mental capabilities.

Life skills.

Vital skills will help in both Everyday life, so in unusual situation:

Ability to make fire . The light and warmth of a bonfire will help a tourist lost in the forest save his life.
Know the basics of geography. People will consider you ignorant if you do not know what is outside your country.
Use a map and compass. Once in an unknown area, these items will help you find the right path.
Provide first aid. In order to treat an abrasion or apply a tourniquet to the hand, it is not necessary to have a medical degree.
Choose quality food. These skills will help not only when choosing mushrooms and berries in the forest, but will also come in handy when visiting a local supermarket.
Cook food. Not knowing how to cook simple dishes, such as scrambled eggs, sooner or later you will find yourself in a ridiculous situation.
Use hammer and axe. You don't have to be a carpenter to hammer a nail into a house. Every man should master these simple tools.
Fix things. The cost of repairing items is at least 30% of the value of the item itself. If you can do something yourself, it is not necessary to pay money to the master.
Know how to sew. Will allow the family to save on model studios.
To swim. The surface of our planet is more than 70% water. Agree - this is a weighty argument in order to learn to swim.

Elementary things.

These things should be known not only by an adult, but also by a student. primary school schools. In life there are different situations when the company is talking about elementary things, and you do not understand this issue. For example:

There are 0.62 miles in one kilometer.
IN solar system 8 planets (there were 9, but since 2006 pluto is not considered a planet).
There are 6 continents on earth.
The cheetah is the fastest animal.
There are 251 countries in the world.
The Sahara is the largest desert.

Fun and interesting facts.

Information can be interesting not only with scientific point vision, but also contain fun facts:

Here are some of them:

When eating celery, a person spends more calories than he receives energy from this product.
About half a year, an ordinary city dweller spends under a red traffic light.
If no dye was added to Cola, its color would be green.
Money is made from cotton, not paper.
An adult laughs an average of 15 times a day. Small child- more than 300.

Now you know exactly what modern man needs to know. Of course, this is not the whole list. In order to become an erudite and interesting person for those around you, you need to read more than one hundred books and popular science articles.

Video about the knowledge of modern man

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