Good day, my dear readers! In a day Great Victory I suggest you talk on the topic "Children are war heroes." Thousands of ordinary girls and boys studied diligently, had carefree fun and could not even imagine that in an instant their happy childhood would be interrupted by difficult and cruel years from 1941 to 1945.

In a terrible hour, they took on their fragile shoulders troubles and bitterness, difficulties and even death, in order to somehow help in the fight against the enemy, showing how fearless children's hearts can be and how hot love for their native country and their people can be.

For heroic deeds, the little “sons and daughters of the regiments,” as they were often called, who fought alongside their fathers and brothers, were awarded orders and medals. Five wartime pioneers were awarded highest rank Heroes Soviet Union, unfortunately, all - posthumously. Their names have become known far beyond the borders of everyone's small homeland, so I want to talk about these young heroes in a message about the children of the war.

Lesson plan:

boy of legend

So the young scout of the Leningrad partisan brigade Lenya Golikov was named glory. A slender 14-year-old village boy from Lukino, Novgorod region, with a rifle obtained on the battlefield, went into the partisans and wandered under the guise of a beggar along settlements, occupied by the Germans, collecting valuable secret information about the amount of military equipment and the location of enemy troops.

On account of his 27 military campaigns and 78 killed German soldiers. Lenya Golikov stopped the enemy by destroying 2 railway and 12 road bridges, thereby preventing the Germans from passing. He destroyed 2 enemy food depots, leaving the enemy without food, and 9 vehicles, depriving the Germans of ammunition. A brave village boy single-handedly stopped a car with a German general, having obtained valuable information for Soviet intelligence.

Lenya Golikov received his first medal "For Courage" back in July 1942. They died along with the headquarters of their partisan brigade in 1943 in an unequal battle. Mothers brought an award sheet for awarding their son for his heroic deed the highest rank of Hero of the Soviet Union.

girl with pigtails

This is the name of A. Solodov's work about a young underground worker, who was also awarded the highest title for her exploits in the Great Patriotic War, Zinaida Portnova. A student of the 7th grade of the Leningrad school, at the age of 15, came to the Vitebsk region for the summer in 1941 and became a member of the underground youth organization "Young Avengers".

Members of the youth movement blew up power plants, set fire to factories where Soviet people forced to work for Nazi Germany, burned wagons with flax, which were planned to be sent to the invaders. In total, the Young Avengers carried out more than 20 sabotage operations.

The girl began to participate in sabotage, conducted intelligence work, distributed leaflets against the enemy. Having settled in the dining room for German officers, she managed to poison more than 100 soldiers. Since 1943, she became a partisan scout in the detachment.

After the defeat of the youth movement, on the instructions of the partisans, Zina Portnova was supposed to establish new ties with those who managed to survive, but she was caught on a tip from a traitor after another operation. The Germans interrogated the young intelligence officer, promising to save her life for the names of partisans and underground fighters. But even the most sophisticated fascist torture did not break her character. In 1944, the crippled, but never succumbing Zinaida Portnova was shot.

He was only 14

Belarusian Marat Kazei got into a partisan detachment at the age of 13, in 1942, after his mother was hanged by the Germans in Minsk. Full of hatred for the Nazis, he made his way into the German garrisons, obtaining the necessary Soviet army intelligence.

Together with the elders, Marat participated in sabotage activities at facilities that were especially important for the Germans: he undermined enemy echelons, mined railway. In 1943, being wounded, he raised the soldiers to attack, which helped them break out of the enemy ring. For his feat, the young pioneer then received the award "For Courage".

In 1944, while returning from reconnaissance, Marat, together with the commander, stumbled upon the enemy, who took them into the "ring". When all the cartridges ran out, and only a grenade remained, Marat let the Nazis get closer and blew them up with him. The awarded Hero of the Soviet Union was then only 14.

Not feeling sorry for myself

Another young hero who wanted to blow himself up with a grenade together with the Germans was Sasha Chekalin, a schoolboy from the Tula region. Since 1941 he became a volunteer partisan detachment"Forward", which operated in the occupied territory of his native village. He managed to serve there for a little over a month, but made a heroic contribution to the fight against the Nazis.

The young patriot collected information about the location and number of German military units and their weapons, tracked down the routes of movement. The partisan detachment, where Alexander was, set fire to warehouses, undermined the Nazi automobile transport, derailed german wagons, destroyed enemy patrols and guards.

Having caught a cold, Sasha fell ill, according to the information transmitted by the traitor, the Nazis found him in the house where he was hidden. Partizan tried to blow himself up along with the Germans, but the grenade did not work. After long tortures and interrogations, Sasha Chekalin was hanged in the central square in front of the driven fellow villagers. In 1942, the young hero was awarded the highest rank for his exploits.

The youngest of all Heroes of the USSR

After graduating from only 5 classes of the Ukrainian school, Valya Kotik became a reconnaissance partisan, collecting weapons and ammunition, drawing and pasting caricatures of the Nazis. In 1942, he received his first assignment, blowing up a German gendarme. Participated in 6 subversive operations, as a result of which railway trains and ammunition depots were destroyed.

He worked as a liaison in the underground, learned about the location of German posts and the time of the changing of the enemy guard. In 1943, he discovered the location of the enemy telephone cable, through which communication was maintained with Hitler in Warsaw.

While participating in two battles, he was wounded, but Valya was mortally wounded in 1944 during the fighting for the city of Izyaslav. He became the youngest of those who were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In our message, we told only about five children-heroes of the Great Patriotic War. In fact, there were many more of them, selfless and courageous. They fought at sea and in the sky, in partisan detachments and undergrounds, catacombs and fortresses.

Monuments were erected to the children of the war in their native cities, streets were named after them. Their exploits are written literary works, poems were composed and films were shot. All this so that we never forget what the Soviet people had to go through in the name of our peace. An official list of all pioneer heroes was compiled in 1954.

And I propose to finish the project with an excerpt from the work of Sergei Mikhalkov:

Let's not forget those heroes

What lie in the damp earth,

Giving life on the battlefield

For the people - for you and me.

Did you know that not only people, but also entire cities became Heroes? Read about it. And there is a test on the topic of war.

On this I say goodbye to you. On May 9, do not forget to pay tribute to the memory of those who died during the war and lay flowers at the monument in your city. The exploits of the Soviet people must be remembered!

For International Children's literary competition"Pioneers - heroes of the Great Patriotic War 1941 - 1945".

I am only 10 years old, I am in the fourth grade, where there is no History lesson yet. I know about the Great Patriotic War from the stories of my grandmother, parents and films. About the pioneers-heroes I know from them and not so much to write a competitive work. But I really like to write stories, fairy tales, detective stories, and I wanted to write about pioneer heroes too. Therefore, in order to learn more about them, I went to the Internet. There I found a lot of information, "eyes ran" from it. Unfortunately, I prefer to read everything that can be picked up: books, articles in newspapers and magazines. And all because they convey their energy and create a unique, mysterious atmosphere. You immediately feel it and delve into the text, as if plunging into that time, especially if the book is old. Therefore, stories about pioneer heroes on the Internet did not interest me at all. So I decided to go to the school library. There I was given only two books:
- "Zina Portnova",
- "Partisan Lara".
This was not enough for me, because I wanted to know as much as possible. And then I went to the nearest city library. There I could not find even one book about pioneer heroes. I came home from the library very sad. Mom said:

“Don’t be sad, now we’ll call all our friends and check what is in their home libraries.”

So we found two more books:
- "Salute, pioneer!",
- "Children of wartime".
It was very unpleasant for me that the "paper" popular in Soviet time books about pioneer heroes. After all, other children will not be able to read them either. And the Internet cannot fully replace ordinary books. Moreover, there you need to look for information, looking through a huge number of pages, as for doing homework, and not for the “soul”. This means that the children-heroes of the war will soon be completely forgotten. But in spite of everything, I started reading with great interest. And I also conducted a mini-survey among children and adults about pioneer heroes, “Which pioneer heroes do you know about?”. And in response they either said:

"I don't remember anyone."

Or called only one or two names. Seeing how the names of heroes are forgotten, I decided to write here not about one hero, but about many, in order not to let these names be forgotten.

Lenya Golikov.

Born on June 17, 1926 in the village of Lukino, Novgorod Region, in a working-class family. He was a scout in a partisan detachment, collecting information about the location of enemy troops. Once, almost single-handedly, he captured very important documents from a German general. According to official data, Lyonya participated in 27 military operations, the explosion of 2 railway and 12 highway bridges, 9 vehicles with ammunition. He died at the age of 16 in an unequal battle near the village of Ostraya Luka on January 24, 1943. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. On the grave of Lenya Golikov in the village of Ostraya Luka of the Dedovichi district, fishermen of the Novgorod region erected an obelisk.

Zina Portnova.

She was born on February 20, 1926 in the city of Leningrad in a working-class family. She got a job in a German canteen at a school where officers were trained. There she poisoned more than a hundred fascists! And at one of the interrogations, she grabbed a pistol from the table and shot three Germans. And she was also a scout in an underground organization. There she became a Komsomol member. On January 13, 1944, near Polotsk, Nazis shot Zina. She was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Borya Tsarikov.

Born on October 31, 1925 in the city of Gomel, Belarus. He was also a scout, actively participated in the battles. Destroyed a train with 70 enemy tanks. During his lifetime, he received the title of corporal and hero of the Soviet Union. But on November 13, 1943, he died from a sniper bullet.

Valya Kotik.

Born on February 11, 1930 in the village of Khmelevka, Khmelnitsky region of Ukraine, in a family of peasants. At the age of 11, he and his friends were collecting weapons left on the battlefields. He also posted leaflets all over the city - caricatures of the Germans. He made many explosions of warehouses and trains. Obtained information about the location of German posts. He died from mortal wounds received in battle on February 16, 1944 for the liberation of the city of Izyaslav Kamenetz-Podolsky. He received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously.

Musya Pinkenzon.

He was born on December 5, 1930 in the Moldavian city of Balti in the family of a doctor. He did not become a hero of the Soviet Union, did not participate in hostilities. He was a musician prodigy. He became an example of courage and fearlessness, because before the execution by the Germans in the summer of 1942, the 11-year-old boy Musya played the “Internationale” (the official anthem of the RSFSR) in front of them.

I talked about a few guys, but there are actually a lot of pioneer heroes. For instance:
- Marat Kazei,
- Lara Mikheenko,
- Volodya Dubinin,
- Lida Vashkevich,
- Arkady Kamanin,
- Nina Kukoverova,
- Valya Zenkina,
- Nadia Bogdanova,
- Volodya Kaznacheev,
- Victor Khomenko,
- Sasha Borodulin,
- Vasya Korobko,
- Kostya Kravchuk,
- Galya Komleva,
- Yuta Bondarovskaya,
- Shura Kober,
- Sanya Kolesnikov and many others.
They have received many awards. They fought like adults. And they died very young for their Motherland, thinking only about the Great Victory, and not about their personal lives. Many interesting things awaited them in adulthood, to which they did not live. It makes me sad to realize this. And at the same time, I am very proud that there were such heroes, almost my age, who fought not for their own, but for my future. Zina Portnova has become my favorite character and role model. I'm sure if I were in her place, I would do the same.

Children are war heroes and their exploits - this is material worthy of more than one book. The Great Patriotic War showed that our people stop at nothing when it comes to defending their homeland.

Children are heroes and their deeds - here main topic this article. Fans will certainly be interested, and true patriots will experience delight and admiration of how such young children could go on such feats.

So in front of you children heroes and their deeds.

Zina Portnova

Zina Portnova was born in Leningrad. After the seventh grade, in the summer of 1941, she came for a vacation to her grandmother in the Belarusian village of Zuya. She found her there. Belarus was occupied by the Nazis.

In Obol, an underground Komsomol youth organization "Young Avengers" was created, and Zina was elected a member of its committee.

A girl who worked as a dishwasher in the canteen of a retraining course for German officers poisoned the food prepared for dinner.

As a result of sabotage, about a hundred Nazis died. Wanting to prove her innocence, the girl tried the poisoned soup and only miraculously survived.

But one day, during the execution of the assignment, Zina was identified and detained as a member of the underground. While trying to escape, Zina was shot in the legs. A series of brutal tortures began.

Despite the terrible suffering, the girl did not betray her own, and this stamina infuriated the executioners even more. At the last interrogation in the Gestapo prison in the city of Polotsk, the Nazis gouged out her eyes and cut off her ears.

Early in the morning in January 1944, the crippled but not broken Zina was shot. Her grandmother died under German bombs.

The feat of Zina Portnova became a symbol of the resilience of Soviet children in the face of the Nazi invaders.

Shura Kober and Vitya Khomenko

Shura Kober was a poetic and dreamy young man who was very fond of playing the violin and seriously studied music.

And the mischievous Vitya Khomenko dreamed of becoming a sailor. Few of his peers jumped, as he, from the very top of the tower in the Yacht Club, swam across the river several times in a row. He also studied well. But the boy was especially successful in German.

When their city, Nikolaev, in the south, was occupied by the invaders, Vitya got a job in the Gestapo canteen. He diligently washed the dishes and kindly served the officers, and then conveyed to the partisans the valuable information he had heard.

Together with Shura Kober, Vitya received the task to cross the front line in order to transfer to secret documents. They traveled on foot, secretly in German trains, by boat and by swimming ... They returned by plane with radio operator Lydia Britkina.

Their parachutes descended on the night of October 9, 1942, dozens of kilometers from Nikolaev. At the same time, parachutes with explosives, weapons and a radio transmitter were dropped.

Vitya immediately went to his headquarters, while Shura and Lida hurriedly hid the cargo and other evidence. But one of the parachutes was carried far to the side, and the next morning the Nazis discovered it.

An investigation began, and a traitor provocateur was introduced into the headquarters of the partisans. Cold november night the boys were arrested.

After ten days of unsuccessful interrogations and torture, they were hanged in the Market Square.

Vasya Kurka

A captured Wehrmacht officer during interrogation testified: the German command knows that “among the Soviet units of General Grechko there is a certain super-sniper, a sniper-ace, whose body almost grew together with a rifle”.

It was sixteen-year-old Vasya Kurka, who destroyed 179 enemies with aimed fire, of which about 80 were German officers.

A frail, blond-haired boy arrived in his regiment when there were severe battles for the Donets Basin. Sent to the rear, Kurka took on any job, and in April 1942, Vasya begged the regimental command to be allowed to become a cadet of the sniper school.

He opened his combat account on May 9, and began the path of one of the most productive Soviet shooters.

As a result, Vasya Kurka became the commander of a rifle platoon, the owner of the Orders of the Red Banner and the Red Star, the medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus" and a nominal sniper rifle.

Ace personally trained 59 snipers who destroyed over 600 invaders. In addition, Vasily Kurka successfully went to reconnaissance.

Small stature, quick wit and iron endurance allowed him to make his way where, it would seem, it was simply impossible to pass.

In January 1945, Vasily Kurka, who was in the trench, died after being wounded in the head.

Nadia Bogdanova

The Nazis executed her twice, and fighting friends long years considered dead. This Short story feat of Nadia Bogdanova.

It's hard to believe, but when Nadia became a scout in the partisan detachment of "Uncle Vanya" Dyachkov, she was not yet ten years old. Small, thin, she, pretending to be a beggar, wandered among the Nazis, and then brought the most valuable information to the detachment.

The first time she was captured in 1941, when, together with Vanya Zvontsov, she hung out a red flag in the occupied enemy.

When Bogdanov was seized, she was beaten with ramrods, tortured, and when they brought her to the ditch to shoot, she no longer had any strength left - she, having outstripped the bullet for a moment, fell into the ditch.

Vanya died, and the partisans found Nadya alive in the ditch. The second time she was captured at the end of the 43rd. And again torture: they poured ice-cold water over her in the cold, burned a five-pointed star on her back, but she did not reveal any information to the enemies.

Considering the scout dead, the Nazis, when the partisans attacked Karasevo, threw her in the snow. The dying girl was picked up and left by local residents. But it was no longer possible for her to fight, she practically lost the ability to see.

After the end of the war, Nadia spent several years in the Odessa hospital, where Academician V.P. Filatov restored her sight.

Volodya Dubinin

The boy was 14 years old when the Patriotic War broke out. His father volunteered for the Navy, and Volodya stayed with his mother in Kerch, a city in the eastern Crimea.

When the city was captured by fascist troops, they went with the partisans to the Starokarantinsky underground quarries, and the fascists began to block all the entrances they found from the catacombs, filling them with cement.

Only children could crawl through the remaining narrow gaps to bring information about the enemy from outside to the command. Volodya was the smallest in physical parameters, and soon the time came when only he could leave the quarries.

In December 1941, the Germans decided to flood the quarries along with the people inside.

Volodya Dubinin managed to get this information and warn his comrades in time about the danger threatening them. It happened just a few hours before the start of the punitive operation.

Having hastily built dams, the fighters blocked the entrance to the water, being in it already waist-deep.

Volodya Dubinin died, having blown himself up on the network of minefields with which the Germans surrounded the quarries.

Petya Klypa

When the war began, Pete Klype was in his fifteenth year. June 21, 1941 Petya and a friend watched a movie in Brest fortress. In the evening they decided to spend the night in the barracks, and in the morning they were going to go fishing.

The assault on the fortress began on June 22 at three in the morning. Jumping out of bed, Petya was thrown against the wall by the explosion. Having come to his senses, the boy immediately grabbed his rifle and began to help the elders.

In the following days of defense, Petya, risking his life, went to reconnaissance, carried ammunition and medical supplies for the wounded.

Later, Petya and his comrades managed to swim across the river under the crossfire of the Germans, but they were taken prisoner. He was herded into a column of prisoners of war, which was taken away beyond the Bug.

After some time, a car with German newsreel operators appeared next to the column.

They began to take pictures of downcast, bloodied captured soldiers, when suddenly a boy walking in a column shook his fist right at the camera lens. The guards beat Petya Klypa half to death.

Later, the youth were loaded into wagons and sent to forced labor in. So Petya Klypa became a farmhand for a German peasant in Alsace. He was released from captivity in 1945.

Marat Kazei

He was 13 years old when his mother died, and he and his sister went to the partisan detachment. Mother, Anna Kazei, was hanged by the Germans because she hid the wounded partisans and treated them.

Marat's sister, Ariadna, had to be evacuated - the girl had frostbite on both legs when the partisan detachment left the encirclement. The legs were amputated.

However, the boy refused to be evacuated and remained in the ranks to avenge his murdered mother, his crippled sister, and his desecrated Motherland.

In May 1944, Operation Bagration was already in full swing, which brought Belarus freedom from the Nazi yoke. But Marat was not destined to see this.

On May 11, near the village of Khoromitsky, a reconnaissance group of partisans was discovered by the Nazis. Marat's partner died immediately, and he himself joined the battle. The Germans took him into the "ring", hoping to capture the young partisan alive.

When the cartridges ran out, the boy blew himself up with a grenade so as not to surrender and not bring trouble to the inhabitants of the nearby village.

Arkady Kamanin

He was the youngest pilot. Having started his journey as a mechanic at an aircraft factory, in 1941 (when he was only 14 years old) he began to fly, flatly refusing to go to the rear.

Before his eyes, the boy had an example of his father - the famous pilot and Hero of the military leader N.P. Kamanin.

Arkady, the youngest of the pilots, who received the nickname "Flyer", was taken care of as best they could. But war is war, and General Kamanin gave orders to Sergeant Kamanin, sending him on flights, each of which could be the last.

The boy flew to the headquarters of the divisions, to the command posts of the regiments, and handed over food to the partisans.

The teenager was awarded the first award at the age of 15 - it was the Order of the Red Star. Arkady saved the pilot of the Il-2 attack aircraft, which crashed in the neutral zone.

The Germans were preparing a sortie, intending to capture the pilots, but the Soviet infantrymen covered Arkady with fire. Later he was also awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

The boy died at the age of 18 from meningitis. During his short life, he made more than 650 sorties and flew 283 hours.

Vilor Chekmak

Vilor Chekmak met the war in 1941, graduating from only 8 classes. He studied well, had artistic and musical abilities, dreamed of becoming an artist.

Together with his friend Volodya Snezhinsky, he actively participated in various creative competitions. It is also known that Vilor was very fond of the book "The Three Musketeers".

When the war began, Vilora's senior comrade, who was leaving for the front, left him a sheepdog named Ralph. In August 1941, with this shepherd dog, Vilor, despite a congenital heart disease, joined a partisan detachment and became a scout.

Vilor Chekmak died near the village of Alsu near Sevastopol. November 10, 1941 he was on patrol.

Noticing the Nazis approaching the partisan detachment, the teenager warned his detachment about the danger with a shot from a rocket launcher, and he alone accepted the battle with the advancing Germans.

Vilor fought to the last bullet. When there was nothing to shoot with, he let the soldiers close to him as close as possible and was blown up by a grenade.

After the war, Vilor's birthday became the Day of the Young Defenders of Sevastopol.

Ivan Gerasimov-Fedorov

In almost every echelon with troops moving to the front, hares-boys were regularly caught, striving for war in order to avenge their relatives.

So, 14-year-old Ivan Gerasimov was found at the Povadino station. His father, Fyodor Gerasimovich, died at the front, the house burned down, and with him his mother and three sisters.

In October, once again, an order came to fulfill the order to send all teenagers to the rear to be sent to schools.

At 5:30 am on October 14, the Germans began artillery preparation, and the issue of Ivan's evacuation to the east was postponed. The first attack was repulsed, then an air raid, then German tanks moved forward. The guns were cut off from each other.

Vanya single-handedly fired the last two shells at the tanks. In front of the commissar of the division Filimonov, his left elbow was crushed. And then grenades flew towards the Germans.

A fragment of another shell torn off Ivan's wrist right hand. The survivors thought he was dead.

However, when the German tanks went around the position of the artillerymen, Ivan Gerasimov stood up, got out of the ditch, pressing an anti-tank grenade to his chest with the stump of his right hand, pulled out the pin with his teeth and lay down under the caterpillar of the lead tank, dying a heroic death.

Valya Kotik

Valentin was born on February 11, 1930 in Ukraine into a peasant family. The rapid Nazi blitzkrieg of the summer of 1941 - and now Valya and his family, who lived in the city of Shepetovka, were already in the occupied territory.

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Children-heroes of the Great Patriotic War: seven deeds of young warriors

War is not childish business. Such terrible events should not distort and break the fate of the kids. However, history knows many reverse examples: During the Great Patriotic War, many children sought to protect their country from the Nazis. Let's remember the most famous young warriors.

Image taken from website 900game.net

Marat Kazei In spite of young age, Marat Kazei became an outstanding fighter of the partisan detachment. 25th anniversary of October. The boy fled to the partisans in 1942, after the Germans executed his mother for treating wounded soldiers. The young defender of the motherland turned out to be a talented intelligence officer: getting German documents or breaking through unnoticed through the encirclement, participating in sabotage - all this was on the shoulder of Marat. But the young partisan did not manage to live up to the Victory. In the spring of 1944, having gone to meet with a contact, Marat and his comrade-in-arms were surrounded by a German punitive detachment. They fought to the last bullet. Fall into Nazi hands alive little soldier didn’t want to: he had the last grenade left ...

Image taken from website en.wikipedia.org

Volodya Dubinin At the beginning of the war, Volodya's family ended up in Kerch. But even in Crimea it was no longer calm: the Crimeans began to actively prepare for defense. The persistent and courageous boy made sure that he was accepted into the partisan detachment, which operated in the Starokarata quarries. The young defender was small in stature, so he easily made his way through the narrow passages in these labyrinths. He obtained very important information for his detachment, which the partisans used in their military operations: the location and number of German troops, their movements. Legends told about his heroism... But one day Volodya volunteered to help sappers in clearing the approaches to the quarries and died from an explosion...

Technological cards lessons are developed in accordance with the textbook "History of Russia. The beginning of the XX - the beginning of the XXI century. Grade 10" by O. V. Volobueva, S. P. Karpachev, P. N. Romanov, the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of secondary general education and the historical and cultural standard. The manual provides the content of the course, the sequence of study is determined educational material, reflects the planned subject, meta-subject, personal learning outcomes, types of educational and cognitive activity students, as well as forms of control. The manual will help the teacher organize educational process and significantly reduce the time for preparation for the lesson. The materials of the manual are exemplary (1 lesson - 1 academic hour), the teacher can supplement them at his own discretion, based on the tasks set, the level of students' preparation and taking into account the school component.

Image taken from website en.wikipedia.org

Lenya Golikov This little soldier is widely known for his military exploits: how he, along with the partisans, smashed the Wehrmacht troops in the Pskov region! He managed to destroy several dozen Nazis, to participate in many sabotage operations. And one day he attacks a German general, takes a briefcase with valuable documents and plans of the German command and undermines the general's car! The brave warrior also had a chance to visit besieged Leningrad: he accompanied carts with food. But, unfortunately, the German bullet overtook Leonid in battle, so the little defender was gone. For his many exploits, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Image taken from website en.wikipedia.org

Valya Kotik When the war began, Valya was in the sixth grade. From the first days of the war, he began to fight the German invaders and soon became a liaison in the partisan detachment named after U. Ya. Karmelyuk. Once he managed to greatly harm the work of the local German headquarters: he discovered and destroyed an underground telephone cable that provided communication between the Germans and Hitler's headquarters in Warsaw! Valya also participated in undermining German railway trains and armories. And noticing German soldiers approaching the partisan camp, he raised the alarm and saved his comrades. Valya was mortally wounded in the battle for the city of Izyaslav in the winter of 1944. Valentin Kotik became the youngest hero of the Soviet Union.

Image taken from website worldbook of memory.rf

Tolya Shumov Tolya grew up without a father, but his mother raised him to be a real hero: in the fall of 1941, they joined a partisan detachment together. Tolya obtained information about the number of German troops under the very noses of the Germans. He had to be very careful, but one day he still fell into the hands of the German invaders! The Germans did not arrest him after interrogation: Tolya convinced everyone that he was lost and was looking for his mother. The guy managed to win over the German commander and spent two days in the Nazi camp. Being behind enemy lines, he did not waste time: he carefully studied the camp, the composition of the armed forces and, when running away, took with him a field bag with maps and plans. A month later, the Germans figured him out and arrested him. During the long torture, Tolya did not betray his fellow soldiers, and he was executed.

The textbook, prepared in accordance with the ICS, covers the period national history from 1914 to the beginning of the 21st century. The content of the textbook is aimed at developing the meaningful interests of students. The methodology of the textbook is based on a system-activity approach, which contributes to the formation of skills to independently work with information and use it in practical activities.

Image taken from website en.wikipedia.org

Sasha Chekalin In July 1941, Sasha Chekalin joined a partisan detachment with his father: the man was a hunter and taught his son well how to shoot, showed secret paths in the surrounding forests. Ambushes, sabotage, road mining, subversive activities - Sasha turned out to be a master of military affairs. But the young fighter was betrayed. Returning for a short rest in the empty father's house and having kindled the stove, Sasha attracted the attention of the village headman, who betrayed him to the Nazis. German soldiers surrounded the house, and a fight ensued. Having used up the last cartridge, Sasha tried to retreat to his own. But the Germans seized him and, after much torture, executed him in a demonstrative manner.

Image taken from website en.wikipedia.org

Volodya Kaznacheev At the beginning of the war, young Volodya Kaznacheev immediately decided to become a partisan: the boy passionately wanted to avenge the death of his mother, who baked bread for the partisans, for which she was shot by the Germans. Finally, in 1942, the boy was taken to the partisan detachment as a demolition officer - he brilliantly studied the basics of this business under the guidance of specialists sent to the partisan detachment from Moscow. He had a chance to participate in the famous partisan operation "Kovel Knot" - the fighters undermined the German transport echelons on the Brest-Kovel line. Volodya went through the whole war as a partisan, and Vladimir Petrovich lives to this day. Guys, thank you for the victory!

The workbook is part of the CMD on the history of Russia I.L. Andreeva, L.M. Lyashenko, O.V. Volobuev and others and corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard of basic general education and the historical and cultural standard. Structure workbook corresponds to the structure of the textbook for grade 10 by author O.V. Volobueva, S.P. Karpachev, P.N. Romanova. The notebook contains a variety of tasks: tests, writing an essay, working with a historical map, matching dates and events, etc. and adapted for training students for the OGE and the USE. Special signs mark tasks aimed at the formation of meta-subject skills (planning activities, highlighting various features, comparing, classifying, establishing cause-and-effect relationships, transforming information, etc.) and personal qualities students.

1941 -1945 Children - heroes of the Great Patriotic War Kakhanovich Nikita, Zhigadlo Ivan, 6 B class MBOU "Dedovichskaya secondary school No. 2"

Valentin Alexandrovich Kotik or Valya Kotik, was born in Ukraine. When the Germans occupied the Shepetovsky district, where he lived, he was 11 years old. He immediately took part in the collection of ammunition and weapons, which were then sent to the front. In 1942, he was accepted into the ranks of the Shepetovskaya underground organization as a scout. Valya Kotik has many feats on his account, including the successful blowing up of six warehouses and railway echelons, numerous ambushes, obtaining information about the Germans, and standing at the post. Once, while standing at his post, he was attacked by Nazi punishers. Valya shot an enemy officer and raised the alarm. For heroism, courage and repeatedly accomplished feats, Valya Kotik was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and the Order of Lenin, as well as the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 2nd degree. On February 16, 1944, the 14-year-old hero was mortally wounded in the battle for the liberation of the city of Izyaslav Kamenetz-Podolsky. He died the next day. In 1958, Valentin Alexandrovich Kotik was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Medal to the Partisan of the Patriotic War II degree Hero of the Soviet Union (Posthumously). Order of Lenin Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class

Mikheenko Larisa Dorofeevna The beginning of World War II found Larisa in the village of Pechenevo, Pustoshkinsky district, Kalinin region (now it is the territory of the Pskov region), where she was on vacation with her uncle. The offensive of the Wehrmacht was swift, and by the end of the summer the Pustoshkinsky district was under German occupation. Lara's uncle agreed to serve the occupying authorities and was appointed headman of Pechenev. Larisa went to the partisan detachment, where she was a scout, participated in the "rail war", thanks to her participation, it was possible to disable the bridge and the enemy echelon passing through it. Subsequently, after the war, for this feat Larisa Mikheenko will be awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree (posthumously). In November 1943, on the next combat mission, Larisa was captured by the Germans. During the interrogation, she threw a grenade at the Germans, but it did not explode, after which she was shot by the Germans.

Sasha Borodulin In 1941, Sasha's native village in Leningrad region occupied by the Germans. One day German soldier beat up a woman in the street. After Nemets left, Sasha helped the woman up and led her home. Then he tracked down this fascist, unexpectedly hit him on the head with a stick. He lost consciousness and fell. Sasha took a rifle and two grenades from the German and fled into the forest. So he began his war with the Nazis. On a forest road, he killed a fascist riding a motorcycle and took his machine gun from him. There he met partisans and joined their detachment. Day after day he conducted reconnaissance, carried out very dangerous tasks, destroyed a lot of German vehicles and soldiers. For the performance of dangerous tasks, for the courage, resourcefulness and courage shown, Sasha Borodulin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in the winter of 1941. Covering the withdrawal of a detachment of partisans, he ran out of ammunition and at the moment when he was surrounded by 10 Nazis, Sasha blew them up with him.

Utah Bondarovskaya In the village of Strugi Krasnye near Leningrad (now the Pskov region), Utah helped a radio operator escape from fascist captivity. After that, the fourteen-year-old Yuta was accepted into the partisan detachment. She became a spy. Always the first to fight, participated in the destruction of the fascist echelon. Utah died on February 28, 1944 in battle with the Germans.

Marat Ivanovich Kazei The Nazis broke into the Belarusian village where Marat lived with his mother, Anna. Marat was 12 years old. After the death of his mother, Marat and his older sister Ariadna went to the partisan detachment named after the 25th anniversary of October in November 1942. Ariadne left the squad after some time due to injury. Marat became a scout and performed dangerous missions, both alone and with groups, was awarded the medal "For Courage" and "For Military Merit". May 11, 1944 Marat died in battle with the Germans. According to eyewitnesses, the Germans surrounded Marat in the bushes and wanted to take him alive. First, Marat fired from a machine gun, the first grenade exploded and then the second. After that, everything was quiet. He blew himself up along with the Germans.

Order of Lenin Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class Medal "For Military Merit" Hero of the Soviet Union (Posthumously). Medal of Honor"

Golikov Leonid Alexandrovich Lenya Golikov - partisan reconnaissance 67th partisan detachment of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade, operating on the territory of the temporarily occupied Novgorod and Pskov regions. Lenya repeatedly penetrated the Nazi garrisons, collecting data on the enemy. With his direct participation, 2 railway and 12 highway bridges were blown up, 2 food and feed depots and 10 vehicles with ammunition were burned. He especially distinguished himself in the defeat of enemy garrisons in the villages of Aprosovo, Sosnitsy, Sever. Accompanied a wagon train with food in 250 carts to besieged Leningrad. On January 24, 1943, a 16-year-old partisan died a heroic death in a battle near the village of Ostraya Luka, Dedovichsky District, Pskov Region.

Valery Volkov Volkov Valery was born in 1929. During the evacuation to the war, Valera's class came under fire. Before his eyes, teachers and classmates died. After what he saw, the boy decided to get to the military unit in order to fight the enemy together with adults. Since almost everything was destroyed, the Red Army soldiers leave the boy at home, and he becomes the "son of the regiment." At the front, he brought ammunition to the guns and helped in urgent matters. In especially difficult moments, he fought off fascist attacks with weapons in his hands. Due to his small stature, he often found himself with scouts, obtaining various important information. By the beginning of the summer of 1942 Valery Volkov was fighting in Sevastopol. During the German offensive, he rushed to the going tank and destroyed it with a bunch of grenades, after which he died a heroic death.

Vitya Korobkov During German occupation Crimea, he helped his father, a member of the city underground organization Mikhail Korobkov. Through Vitya Korobkov, communication was maintained between members of partisan groups hiding in the Starokrymsk forest. He collected information about the enemy, took part in the printing and distribution of leaflets. Later he became a scout of the 3rd brigade of the Eastern Association of Partisans of Crimea. On February 18, 1944, the father and son of the Korobkovs in Feodosia were arrested by the Gestapo. For more than two weeks they were interrogated and tortured, then shot - first by the father, and on March 9 - and his son. Five days before the execution, Vita Korobkov turned fifteen. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Vitya Korobkov was posthumously awarded the medal "For Courage".

Zina Portnova Born in Leningrad in 1926. In June 1941, the parents sent the girl to the village of Zui (Vitebsk region) for school break. Just at that time, the Nazis invaded the USSR, and Portnova ended up in the occupied territory. She was not going to put up with the current state of affairs and decided to fight the enemy. She was a member of the youth underground group "Young Avengers", fought against the fascist invaders, never retreated and looked at new challenges with a challenge. Even in the most difficult times, the girl never took care of herself, but was more worried about others. During the execution of the next task, she was captured by the Nazis and executed in January 1944.