Primary general education

Line UMK T. M. Andrianova, L. Ya. Zheltovskaya. Russian language (1-4)

Russian language

Morphological analysis words in elementary school

Morphological analysis is a complete grammatical description of a word. Plans for the morphological analysis of words in a sentence differ from each other depending on which part of speech the word belongs to and what syntactic role it plays in the sentence. Also, the plan of morphological analysis depends on the age of the students. How older students, the more detailed the analysis. Here are the schemes of morphological analysis separate parts speeches for students in grades 4 and 5.

Due to the fact that in Russian many words are homonymous, the context is required to determine the semantics of the word, its part of speech, and, accordingly, the choice of the necessary parsing, the selection of the necessary features and the establishment of the syntactic role in the sentence. For example, the word "good" out of context does not give us the opportunity to understand which part of speech should be parsed morphologically. “Good” can be an adverb (“Today I feel good”), and a short form of an adjective (“Morning is good today!”), And a noun (“Surrender the Russian language to “good””), and a particle (“- Today we meet at the monument at eleven o'clock! - Good"), and the category of state ("Good in the summer by the sea"). That is why it is impossible to perform a correct morphological analysis of a word given out of context.

Morphological analysis of a noun

1. Determine the part of speech; install general meaning, ask a question to a word to determine the part of speech.

2. Determine the initial form of the noun - for this you need to put the word in the singular form of the nominative case.

3. Indicate signs:

a) permanent:

own / common noun;

animate / inanimate;

gender (male / female / neuter);

declination (1 fold / 2 fold / 3 fold / non-inclinable / variable)

b) unstable:

case (I.p. / R.p. / D.p. / V.p. / T.p. / P.p.);

number (singular / plural).

Example of morphological parsing of a noun

An example of parsing the word "kittens" in the sentence "Kittens chased grandmother's ball of thread."

Oral analysis

Kittens. Who? Kittens is a noun. It means a living being.

The initial form is a kitten.

Permanent signs:

common noun, animated, masculine, 2nd declension;

Irregular signs:

in the form of the nominative case (who?); plural.

4. Chased (who?) - kittens - in the sentence is the subject, underlined by a horizontal line (dash).

Written analysis

The kittens chased after Grandma's ball of thread.

Kittens - noun, chased (who?) kittens;

N.f. (initial form) - kitten;

Narits., soul., husband. genus; 2nd fold;

in Im.p., in pl. h.

4. Chased (who?) - kittens - subject.

Russian language. 1 class Workbook № 2.

The notebook is intended for use in conjunction with the textbook "Russian language" (authors: S.V. Ivanov, A.O. Evdokimova, M.I. Kuznetsova) in the post-literal period of the second half of the year. A variety of exercises will help consolidate the initial knowledge of the laws mother tongue and rules of spelling and punctuation, and automate writing skills. Working with a notebook allows you to organize differentiated learning, provide individual approach to students. Corresponds to the federal state common educational standard primary general education (2009)

Morphological analysis of the adjective

Determine the initial form of the adjective - for this you need to put the word in the singular form of the nominative masculine case).

Specify signs:

adjective gender, case, number.

4. Role in the proposal, posing a question to determine the member of the proposal, the corresponding underlining.

Sample morphological parsing of an adjective

An example of parsing the word "beautiful" in the sentence "A beautiful old melody poured out of the radio speaker."

Oral analysis

Beautiful (melody) is an adjective. What is the melody? - beautiful. Indicates the attribute of an object.

The initial form is beautiful.

Used in the sentence in the form female, singular, nominative.

The melody (what?) is beautiful - in the sentence it is a definition, it is underlined by a wavy line.

Written analysis

From the radio speaker poured a beautiful old melody.

Beautiful (melody) - adj.;

N.f. - beautiful;

Zh.r., units h., Im.p;

Melody (what?) - beautiful - definition.

Morphological analysis of the name of the numeral

Determine the part of speech, set the general meaning, ask a question to the word to determine the part of speech.

Determine the initial form of the numeral - for this you need to put it in the form of the nominative case.

Specify signs:

a) permanent:

simple/composite

quantitative/ordinal

(for quantitative: integer / fractional / collective);

b) unstable:

number and gender (if any);

4. Role in the proposal, posing a question to determine the member of the proposal, the corresponding underlining.

Sample morphological analysis of the name of the numeral

An example of parsing the word "two" in the sentence "Two friends were waiting for me in the yard."

Oral analysis

Two is a noun. The word denotes the number - comrades (how many?) - two;

The initial form is two;

Constant signs: simple, collective;

inconstant: in the form of the nominative case;

Two comrades were waiting (who?) - in the sentence, the numeral "two" is part of the subject, in the letter it is underlined by a horizontal line.

Written analysis

Two comrades were waiting for me in the yard.

Two - number, comrades - (how many?) - two;

N.f. - two;

Simple, collect.,

4. Two comrades were waiting (who?) - part of the subject.

More interesting stuff:

• Features of preparation for VPR in the Russian language in the 4th grade

Morphological analysis of the pronoun

Determine the part of speech, set the general meaning, ask a question to the word to determine the part of speech.

Determine the initial form of the pronoun - for this you need to put it in the form of the nominative singular.

Specify signs:

a) permanent: face (1 liter / 2 liter / 3 liter),

b) inconstant (if any): gender, number, case;

4. Role in the proposal, posing a question to determine the member of the proposal, the corresponding underlining.

Sample morphological parsing of a pronoun

Sample parsing of the word "you" in the sentence "I'll call you Friday night."

Oral analysis

You are a pronoun. Points to the subject - I will call (whom?) You.

The initial form is you.

Of the constant features - personal pronoun, 2nd person. Of the non-permanent - the pronoun is used in the singular, in the dative case.

I'll call (to whom?) You - in the sentence, the pronoun "to you" is an addition, in the letter it is underlined with a dashed line (stroke).

Written analysis

I'll call you Friday night.

You - pronoun., I'll call (to whom?) You;

in units, D.p.;

4. I'll call (whom?) You - an addition.

The workbook is an addition to the textbook by T. G. Ramzaeva “Russian language. Grade 3". The textbook complies with the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education, recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation included in the federal list. The manual contains tasks for the organization of collective and independent work.

Morphological analysis of the verb

Determine the part of speech, set the general meaning, ask a question to the word to determine the part of speech.

Determine the initial form of the verb - to do this, put the verb in an indefinite form.

Set signs:

a) permanent:

conjugation (1 ref. / 2 ref. / different conjugations),

b) unstable:

time (past / present / future),

person (if any), gender, number.

4. Role in the proposal, posing a question to determine the member of the proposal, the corresponding underlining.

Sample morphological parsing of a verb

An example of parsing the word "increased" in the sentence "The snow increased every minute."

Oral analysis

Strengthened is a verb. Denotes an action: the snow (what did it do?) Increased.

The initial (indefinite) form is to intensify;

1st conjugation;

the verb is used in the past tense (the person cannot be determined), masculine, singular.

4. Snow (what did it do?) Intensified - in the sentence, the verb “intensified” is a predicate, underlined by two horizontal lines (lines).

Written analysis

The snow was getting stronger every minute.

Intensified - v., the snow (what did it do?) Intensified;

N.f. - intensify;

I ref., in the past. b.w., m.b. unit

The snow (what did it do?) Intensified - a predicate.

Morphological analysis of the adverb

Determine the part of speech, set the general meaning, ask a question to the word to determine the part of speech.

Morphological features (immutability).

Role in the sentence, posing a question to determine the member of the sentence, appropriate underlining.

An example of morphological parsing of an adverb

An example of parsing the word "fast" in the sentence "At the school reading speed test, Lena read quickly and without errors."

Oral analysis

Fast is an adverb. Indicates a sign of action: read (how?) Quickly.

The unchangeable word.

I read (how?) quickly - in the sentence, the adverb "quickly" is a circumstance, underlined by a dash-dotted line (dash-dotted line).

Written analysis

At the school reading speed test, Lena read quickly and without errors.

Quickly - adv., read (how?) Quickly;

Sign of action, unchanged;

I read (how?) quickly - a circumstance.

Mandatory part school curriculum in the Russian language is the morphological analysis of other parts of speech. Students begin to get to know him as early as primary school, and up to the senior classes, such tasks are often encountered.

Definition

Morphological analysis is the definition of which part of speech the lexical unit under consideration belongs to, and a description of its main features.

This type of assignment presents a certain difficulty for schoolchildren for a number of reasons:

1. Lack of clear ideas about parts of speech or complete / partial ignorance of how one part of speech differs from another.
2. The need to memorize a large amount of morphological features associated with each part of speech.
3. The need, in addition to morphology, to determine also the syntactic role of the word in the sentence, since this requires knowledge of the members of the sentence, which children often confuse with parts of speech.

Thus, this is a universal tool for training several rather extensive sections of the theory of the Russian language at once, so they do not refuse it, even despite its too scientific nature and complete lack of demand in later life.

What is morphology

The merits of this task are easy to see in any example.

For characterization by morphological features, you will need:

• determine the conjugation;
• name the species
• specify a reflexive verb or non-reflexive;
• mood;
• determine the number (at any time);
• if necessary, name the time, person and gender;
• characterize the syntactic role in the sentence.

In other words, you need to know everything about the verb, its types, conjugations, moods.

Morphological analysis is a unique synthetic task that trains all topics at the same time. It easily allows you to identify gaps in the knowledge of the student and indicates which topic was understudied or forgotten at one time.

The system of teaching the Russian language in our country is based on the gradual complication of the material and the expansion of already formed ideas about the parts of speech.

So, in elementary school, children learn what a noun, verb, and adjective are, what questions each of these parts of speech answers, and what their role is in a sentence. For several years, these themes have been firmly fixed and honed. In parallel, children learn about conjugations and declensions, learn to correctly identify them. And only after that they begin to learn how to make a morphological analysis.

Its elements can be introduced already in the 4th grade. What is the morphological analysis of the word Grade 5 begins to study and perform in a full-fledged way. In the 6th grade, the guys get acquainted with the analysis of adjectives, verbs, numerals, pronouns. Participles and participles, as well as adverbs and service parts of speech are studied in the 7th grade.

Important! The morphological analysis of the adverb and other parts of speech is not difficult only for those students who have well mastered all the material relating to one or another part of speech.

Obviously, if a student does not understand what moods are and how they differ from each other, then he will not be able to conduct a qualitative and unmistakable analysis of the verb. In this case, it is recommended to turn again to those chapters of the textbook where these topics were covered.

Below is a table of independent parts of speech of the Russian language.

What question does it answer	initial form	Permanent signs	Non-permanent signs	Syntactic role
Noun
Who? What? (and all possible case forms)	Nominative singular numbers	Own or common noun; animate or inanimate; gender (except for nouns, which have only a plural form); declination.	Case, number	In a sentence, it is the subject or object. Sometimes it can be predicable.
Adjective
Which? What? (and variations in genders and numbers)	Nominative singular h. husband kind	Discharge (qualitative, relative, possessive).	case; number; gender (singular); for qualitative ones, in addition: the degree of comparison; form (short or long).	In a sentence is a definition. Can act as a predicate.
Verb
What to do? What to do? (variations in time and by gender and number)	Infinitive (answers the question What to do? or What to do?)	View; conjugation; returnability; transitivity.	Mood; units or plural; time, person and gender (specified if available)	In a sentence it is a predicate. Rarely can act as a subject.
Numeral
How? Which is in order?	Nominative case	Simple or compound; quantitative or ordinal; for quantitative, indicate whole, fractional or collective.	case; number and gender (if any)	Often refers to a noun and is one member of the sentence with it. It can act as a subject, predicate, definition.
Pronoun
Who? What? Which? Where? How? Where?	Nominative singular numbers.	Discharge; face (personal)	case; number and gender (if any)	It can act as a subject, predicate, definition, circumstance, addition.
Participle
Which? What? (and variations by gender and number)	Nominative singular number of men gender (indicate from which verb it is formed)	Real or passive; time; view; recurrence.	Number; genus (in units); for passive participles, indicate the form (full or short); for full specify the case.	In a sentence, it is a definition or a predicate. It can act as a subject or object.
gerund
What do you do? Having done what?	No (specify the verb from which it is formed)	View (perfect or imperfect), recurrence, immutability.
Adverb
Where? Where? When? Where? Why? What for? How?	Not	Discharge by value (adverb of place, time or mode of action); immutability; degree of comparison (if any).		In a sentence is a circumstance

Below we indicate what you should pay attention to in each case. Morphological analysis of a noun requires a thorough knowledge of declensions and cases. This is where children most often make mistakes.

Note! In the Russian language there are nouns with different declensions (flame, banner), which should be written about, indicating the declension.

Some difficulties may arise with determining the number of some nouns. Remember that collective nouns in Russian (rags, children) always have only the singular form and cannot change in numbers or be combined with cardinal numbers (one cannot say - two rags, students). It is also useful to remember the general gender of nouns (quiet, simpleton ...) and not pay attention to the ending -ya, hastily indicating the feminine gender.

Consider an example: "By yard a small dog was pacing up and down."

1. In the yard (for what?) - noun.
2. Beginning f. - "yard". Fast. signs: common name, inanimate, m.r., 2 cl. Non-post. signs: Date. p., unit
3. Around the yard.

Morphological analysis of the adjective is unthinkable without knowledge of the categories. This should be worked on until the child can immediately name what adjective is in front of him.

Worthy of special attention verbal adjectives, which differ from participles in the absence of prefixes and the writing of only one H in the suffix (knitted, boiled). Often (but not always) they refer to relative adjectives.

Useful video: morphological analysis of a noun

Sample morphological parsing of an adjective

“Dignifiedly walked around the yard shallow dog"

1. Small (what?) - adjective.
2. Head f. - "small". Fast. signs: qualities. Non-post. signs: complete, Im.p., singular female
3. Small.

When performing a morphological analysis of a verb, one should remember the exceptions to the rule on conjugations and be able to determine the transitivity / intransitivity of verbs.

When completing a task for a participle or gerund, students often make the following mistake: they replace the form of the verb from which the participle is formed. For example: who left - is formed from the perfective verb "to leave" (and not "to leave" or "to go" is an imperfect form). In order to avoid such mistakes, it is important to ask the question not “Which one? What is it?” and “What did you do? What did she do? etc. (not quite in Russian, but problems with the definition of the species are excluded).

Morphological analysis of the adjective

If it is not entirely clear how to parse participles, we advise you to consider the example below.

“I was awakened by the sounds coming from the street through the open window.”

1. Audible (what are they doing?) - participle. Derived from the verb "bear".
2. Head f. - "reaching". Fast. signs: valid, current, inconsistent in, return. Non-post. signs: pl.
3. Reaching.

Morphological analysis causes the least problems. Since this is an invariable part of speech, it is only important to specify the digit by value correctly. These categories must be learned by heart.

Sample:

"In the yard decorously a small dog was pacing

1. Chino (how?) - adverb.
2. Sign of action; unchangeable
3. Chino.

AT recent times various electronic ancillary services became available. So, you can do a morphological analysis of a word online, only for this you need to visit professional and proven pages. In addition, it is better to complete the task yourself first, and use the Internet as a checking authority.

Morphology is a branch of grammar that studies a word as a part of speech. There are ten parts of speech in Russian, which are usually divided into independent, auxiliary and interjections.

Morphological analysis of words is carried out according to a certain scheme in a strict order. In order to parse a word into parts of speech, you need to determine:

1. general grammatical meaning;
2. morphological features (or grammatical meanings);
3. syntactic role.

The analysis of a word as a part of speech is both a capacious and complete description of a separate word form, taking into account the grammatical features of its use. Each part of speech has permanent and variable features. When parsing, you need to be able to determine which part of speech the word belongs to, find its initial form, and highlight morphological features.

Morphological analysis, an example of which is presented on our website, will help improve your analysis skills.

In order to correctly perform the morphological analysis of a word, one should remember the sequence and principle of analysis. So, first you need to select common features parts of speech, and then find specific features of this word form.

General scheme for parsing parts of speech

The plan of morphological parsing of the word is as follows:

1. Indicate the part of speech and its meaning, to which question the word answers.
2. Put the word in the initial form: Im.p., singular. - for nouns, Im.p., singular, m.p. - for adjectives, indefinite form - for verbs (what (s) to do?).
3. Determine permanent signs: common or proper, animate or inanimate, gender and declension of nouns; aspect, reflexivity, transitivity and conjugation of the verb; rank by value, degree of comparison, full or short form for adjectives.
4. Characterize the form in which the word is used: for nouns, determine the number and case, for adjectives - the degree of comparison, short or full form, number, case and gender; for verbs - mood, tense, number, gender or person, if any.
5. The role in the sentence is to show which member the word in the sentence is: secondary or main. Sometimes it is required to write out a phrase and show its syntactic role graphically.

Sample morphological parsing of a noun:

There was a jug of milk on the table.

1. With milk - noun, with what?; subject
2. The initial form is milk.
3. Common noun, inanimate, neuter, 2nd declension
4. In the singular, in the instrumental case
5. Addition.

Our service uses the most modern technologies analysis of morphology and will be useful to those who want to learn how to do morphological analysis correctly.

Basic rules of morphological parsing

It is important to remember that the inconstant signs of an adjective are determined by the word to which it obeys. It should also be borne in mind that the gender of verbs can only be determined in the past tense of the singular, and the person in the present and future tense.

To determine the syntactic role, it is necessary to know the context related to the word. So, a noun can act as a subject, object or circumstance. An adjective adjoining a noun is a definition, and in a short form it can be a predicate. The verb is always the predicate. The letter ё can change the meaning of the word, and the morphological analysis will be different. For example, glasses (n., pl.) and glasses (v., pr.v.).

Morphological analysis of a word online will help not only to correctly analyze the word form, but also to prepare for the Unified State Examination or the OGE in the Russian language.

Parsing the name of an adjective as a part of speech is necessary for every student to know. It is known that this part of speech brings additional emotional and colorful shades to our speech, making it richer and more intense. This analysis begins to be studied even in elementary grades, but over time the scheme becomes more complicated, and this allows you to do more detailed analysis and parsing.

Instructions for parsing

To correctly perform morphological analysis, you need to know its outline and instructions on how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. For example, to determine the part of speech, and then indicate its morphological features and function in the sentence.

Parsing plan:

1. Determine and prove to which part of speech this indicated word belongs.
2. Write down the initial form of this word given for parsing.
3. Indicate the constant morphological features of the given word.
4. Indicate non-permanent grammatical features.
5. The syntactic role of the given word.

Any morphological analysis always begins with the fact that the part of speech of the word being analyzed is determined. If it is an adjective, then you must specify it. It is worth remembering that this is an independent or significant part of speech, which necessarily denotes some feature of the subject. Here you can also ask a question that will prove that this parsed word is an adjective. Such words for parsing answer the following questions: what? which? what?, and also whose? what? what? what are

After determining the part of speech, the parsed word must be put in initial shape. For an adjective, the initial form is given word, which must be written in the masculine form and in the singular.

The next step in parsing is to determine its grammatical features. Usually, parsing begins with constant signs, which include digits by value, and if qualitative, then, respectively, the degree of comparison.

Ranks by value which are known to every student and which can be found in school textbooks:

1. Quality.
2. Relative.
3. Possessive.

relative point to the material from which the object is made, to a place or time. For example, a straw hat is a hat made of straw, spring rain is the rain that falls in the spring, a school lot is the area that belongs to the school.

Possessive denote belonging to someone or something. Such words usually answer the question "whose?". For example, a fox's tail is a tail that belonged to a fox, a sister's scarf is a sister's scarf.

quality give a description of the object, describe the appearance and its color. For example, thin pencil, blue ribbon. Qualitative form two degrees of comparison:

1. Excellent.
2. Comparative.

Superlatives must have two forms: simple and compound. The first is formed according to the following scheme: the adjective in the initial form + -eysh or -aysh, which are suffixes. For example, excellent is the most excellent. The compound form is formed on behalf of the adjective in the initial form by adding the words: most, most, least, all, everything. For example, the highest, above all.

comparative It also has two forms: simple and compound. simple form is formed by adding to this part of speech, which should be in the initial form, such suffixes as -ey, -ee, -e, -she. For example, evil is meaner. The compound form is formed by adding to the name of the adjective, which is in the initial form, such words as more or less. For example, more kind, less evil. If the adjective is qualitative, then it should also have a form: short or full. The short form of the qualitative ones is formed by truncation of the ending. For example, low is low, low is low, low is low, low is low.

To determine non-permanent signs, it is worth finding in the text or in the sentence the noun to which it refers. It is known that the adjective is consistent with the noun in several ways, which just change. The non-permanent features are:

1. Number.
2. Case.

The syntactic function of the parsed word is indicated at the last stage. Most often, the adjective is a definition, but less often it can also be part of a compound nominal predicate. For example, a long (definition) table stood in the middle of the room. The girl was beautiful (compound nominal predicate).

An example of morphological parsing

I. Short (tail) - adjective. The word "short" denotes a sign of an object. The tail (what?) Is short.

N. f. - short.

II. Morphological features of the word "short".

Permanent signs: quality, comparative, full form.

Inconstant features: masculine (what), singular (one), nominative (what? short tail).

III. The tail (what?) is short (definition).

Morphological analysis improves grammar analysis skills. Before embarking on this type of work, it is necessary to study the grammatical characteristics of this part of speech.

It is always worth remembering that adjectives can only be parsed if they are given in a sentence, since it is impossible to correctly analyze the specified word without context.

During morphological analysis, the indicated word, which is most often distinguished by the number "3", is written out from the text without changing it. If it is used with a preposition, then they are written out together, if the preposition also refers to the adjective. If the preposition refers to a noun or another part of speech, then it should not be written out. It will not be difficult to perform such an analysis, having studied the grammatical features of the adjective name.

Video

In this video - an example of oral morphological analysis of the adjective.

1. Initial form (nominative singular masculine).
2. Permanent signs: qualitative, relative or possessive.
3. Non-permanent signs: 1) for qualitative ones: a) degree of comparison, b) short and long form; 2) all adjectives: a) case, b) number, c) gender (singular).

syntactic role.

Here it is used in the nominative case, in the singular, in the feminine gender - these are its inconstant features.

what is an independent part of speech in Russian Written analysisheavenly(azure) - adj.

1. Azure(which?) heavenly. N. f.- heavenly.
2. Post - relative; non-post. - in them. pad. units h. R.
3. Azure(which?) heavenly .

301 . Disassemble 2-3 adjectives in writing.

1. Quietly evening shadows in the blue fall snow. (A. Blok.)
2. The frosty breath of the blizzard is still fresh. (I. Bunin.)

302 . Read. Determine the style of the text, indicate words that have a figurative meaning. Write down five words that change: 1) by numbers and cases, 2) by numbers, cases and gender. Make a morphological analysis of three adjectives.

morphemic analysis of the word late

January is the month of big light snows. They always arrive suddenly. Suddenly, at night, the trees will whisper, whisper: something is going on in the forest. By morning it will become clear: the real winter has come!

a string of morphological analysis

The forest ut .. null in other tormented snowdrifts. Under the cold vault of the sky, humbly bowing those yellow heads, mournful white trees froze.

designer morphemic analysis

Along with the snow, strange, unprecedented creatures swooped in and ran into the forest. They ra(s, ss) ate over stumps and knots, climbed up fir trees and pines - strange white figures, motionless, unfamiliar, but very similar to something.

everywhere or everywhere

Either a squirrel or a bunny sits on a stump. He folded his white paws on a white paunch, is silent and looks at the white forest. On a stone near the river (?) ki, white Alyonushka: she folded her head on her shoulder, propped her white cheek (?) Ku with her white palm.

good what part of speech is that

Here is the werewolf animal. Take a step to the side, and the animal will turn into a simple twig (?) lump, powdered with snow.

noun gate

Polar bears and snowy owls. Hares, partridges, squirrels. They sit, lie and hang. The forest is full of strange birds and animals. If you want to see them, hurry up. And then the wind will blow - remember your name!

see word parsing

303 . Write off. Above adjectives, indicate their rank by value. Choose synonyms for quality adjectives. Make three sentences with adjectives of any group.

adverbs as part of speech

Hare trace, hare character, hare brood; goose feather, goose feeder, goose gait; wolf pack, wolf appetite, wolf lair; fox hole, fox fur coat, fox cunning.

twig word parsing

304 . From the second paragraph of A.P. Platonov’s story “In a beautiful and furious world” (see “Literature. Grade 6”) write out all the adjectives. Disassemble two qualitative and two relative adjectives.

fresh morphemic parsing