Residency - what is it? The difference between internship and residency. Medical education: what is it - residency What is internship and residency and graduate school

Internships and residency in medicine are the final forms of medical education with an active emphasis on practice in medical institutions.

What is an internship in medicine?

Internship - this is a primary, postgraduate form of training for a future health worker, starting immediately after graduating from a specialized university.

In the process of studying, students consolidate their theoretical knowledge in practice under the strict guidance of the head of the department. Students are not allowed to independently establish a definitive diagnosis or prescribe experimental treatment, as their level of knowledge does not imply responsibility for the actions taken.

Upon completion of training and successfully passed certification, the intern is issued a specialist diploma of the appropriate sample, confirming the necessary level of knowledge in the chosen medical field.

Completing an internship and obtaining a diploma is a prerequisite for graduates of all medical schools who want to become practicing doctors. For those who are planning to scientific activity at a research institute, an internship is optional.

What is residency?

Residency- this is the final stage of obtaining higher postgraduate education for graduates of medical universities after internships, research institutes, etc.

The main goal of admission to residency is to obtain comprehensive knowledge in the chosen profession, which is necessary for opening a private medical practice or obtaining a position in state structure healthcare.

The main tasks of residency:

• in-depth study of the selected medical specialty(methodological, clinical, medical and social areas, etc.);
• bias on practical use acquired knowledge, development of the necessary skills for further work.

After graduation and positive results of certification, the intern is issued a certificate that gives the right to conduct independent medical practice (without a diploma of completion of the internship is invalid).

Privileges for residency training

1. Crediting to the budget after successfully passing the competitive basis provides the right to independent further employment.
2. The amount of the scholarship depends on the regulatory documents for the chosen specialty or on the decision of the organization that sent the specialist (the condition is relevant for the target residency).
3. Supplement to the basic scholarship is due only to residents who entered places funded by the Ministry of Health Russian Federation.
4. Training specialists are entitled to holidays, the duration of which does not exceed the period of vacation of a practicing doctor in the chosen specialty.
5. In case of early completion of the established work plan, the resident has the right to graduate ahead of schedule. The main condition is that the total training time should not be less than 75% of the declared conditions.
6. During training, it is allowed to take academic leave(illness, birth of a child, etc.). Registration of a break is carried out only on the basis of the relevant document.

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Target residency and its features

Target residency is the training of specialists in accordance with the terms of the agreement concluded between the institution engaged in advanced training of medical workers and the corresponding educational institution.

Unlike clinical residency, specialists undertake to continue their medical practice in the institution that sent them to study. The workplace, position is prescribed in the contract as a separate clause. The health worker has the right to early termination of labor agreements with the specified institution.

What is the difference between residency and internship

• different levels of training (more generalized in internship than in residency);
• only specialists who have completed an internship are accepted for residency;
• after completing residency, graduates can apply for a private practice or a prestigious job in a state medical institution (head of a department, position of chief physician, etc.).

Who are interns?

Interns are students studying at the final courses of medical universities. Training is based on the terms of an official employment contract.

The training of workers takes place under the supervision of the project curator in strict accordance with the calendar plan. performance is recorded in the diary and checked weekly, signed by the head.

In case of a failed attempt to pass the certification the first time, the intern is issued a certificate of completion of the internship. To enter the residency and be able to work as a practicing doctor, you must re-pass the exam.

Who are the residents?

Residents are specialists who are trained in clinical or targeted residency in the chosen medical field.

How is the training of residents?

1. Seminars, lectures, practical classes.
2. Bypassing patients, analyzing the main and concomitant diagnoses.
3. Preparation of reports for presentation at scientific conferences, symposia.

The main differences between interns and residents

An intern differs from a resident in that he is a graduate medical institution who are practicing under the guidance of a curator, without being directly involved in medical activities.

Is an internship / residency included in the experience of a health worker?

By regulatory documents, an internship is a subspecies of compulsory university training, so such training not included in work experience. During this period, the intern is not a medical specialist. Accrual of medical experience - only after successful delivery mandatory certification.

Residency training is included in the length of service, as it is considered work in the specialty.

How many years does the training last?

Internship period - 1 year(together with vacation).

Residency training is two years (full-time) and up to five years (part-time or due to unforeseen circumstances associated with pregnancy, prolonged illness, etc.).

What does the cost depend on?

The price of training in an internship / postgraduate study depends on the location of the medical university, the prestige of the chosen direction, as well as other conditions (contract requirements, guidelines, etc.).

When making a contract for paid training, the payer can be an individual and a legal entity.

An example of an estimated cost at a regional medical university

To calculate the approximate cost of studying in residency, check out the price range provided in the table.

How to apply for an internship?

Persons who have successfully passed the state exams by specialty. Foreign citizens are accepted on the terms of international agreements or on a paid basis.

There are two forms of postgraduate study - budgetary and paid.

In order to be enrolled in the budget funded by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, you must pass a preliminary competitive selection or meet the conditions targeted reception under contract.

Education on a paid basis is carried out under an agreement with a legal / natural person paying for the services of the university.

Entry exams

Admission to an internship is directly proportional to the requirements of the university - it can be an interview or knowledge testing. Possibility of retake in the current academic year excluded.

Persons are enrolled based on the results of the tests, and the results obtained are recorded in the protocol of the procedure. final decision notified to the person no later than five days after the announcement of the results admission committee or two weeks before the start of school.

When studying on a contract basis, enrollment is carried out after the bilateral signing of the training agreement, providing copies of payment receipts.

How to apply for residency?

Citizens of the Russian Federation can enter the residency after completing the internship, foreigners with the possibility of confirming the level of knowledge necessary for enrolling in a university. The number of budget places is determined by the decision of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.

The procedure for accruing additional points for admission to residency

According to modern standards, admission to residency depends on the level of points awarded for various medical achievements. If a specialist fails to earn the required number of points before the appointed date, his admission is automatically postponed until the next year.

Calculation examples are described in detail in the table.

1. Internship is last years training in the chosen specialty. Education can be continued in another medical school.
2. Residency can only be entered with an internship diploma.
3. Successful completion of residency - the opportunity to open a private medical practice.
4. The cost of education depends on the location of the university, the prestige of the direction.
5. Residency studies are included in seniority, but internships are not.

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Clinical residency is one of the parts of the higher education of medical workers, a form of improvement professional qualities doctor, in which the formation of a medical worker as an independent specialist takes place. It is represented in medical universities, at the faculties of medicine of universities and at institutes for the improvement of the qualifications of medical staff in the Russian Federation and the countries of the post-Soviet space.

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In other words, residency is a form of self-study in which the student gets the opportunity to develop their professional skills, expand their knowledge in the field of medical technology, and also help the healthcare system in solving personnel problems.

This form of learning(as, in fact, an internship), exists at the official level and is enshrined in law in 1994 by order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. According to the law, medical specialists and specialists in the field of pharmaceutical activity, as well as pharmacists, are allowed to pass it.

The full-time study period is two years, however, under some circumstances it can be extended and last more than five years, including the seniority of a medical worker (according to the Regulations on Clinical Residency of 1993). Officially, residency is a job, and therefore the length of service is calculated on a general basis.

Features of training in residency

Residency training in Russia is not obligatory part education of a medical worker, therefore this stage of specialist training is a conscious choice of a physician. As in any educational institution, there is a certain form of knowledge control. It may vary depending on the requirements of a particular educational institution, however, it is most often carried out in the form of tests, exams and oral presentations.

Any person who has a diploma of higher medical education can enter the residency: both citizens of the Russian Federation and foreign students who have an appropriate international document giving them the right to study abroad are allowed to study.

Training takes place according to an individual plan, which is developed for residents by the supervisor. Most often, a specialist with a certain work experience becomes a leader - a professor, candidate of science or doctor of medical sciences. The individual work plan is approved by the head of the department.

What is residency can be seen in the specialist training program. The classic set of a resident are:

• Lectures, seminars and practical classes;
• Lectures on related courses and disciplines of a narrow profile;
• Clinical bypass of patients with subsequent analysis of case histories;
• Attending and speaking at meetings and conferences.

Residency training allows medical worker to fill in the missing knowledge and prepare for independent work with patients under the supervision of a supervisor.

When entering the chosen educational institution, the number of budget places in the direction should be taken into account. In the case of filling budget places on a competitive basis, a medical worker has the right to apply for training on a paid basis.

Dental Residency

In the dental department also has its own residency. In this residency, dentist students undergo in-depth training in dentistry and practice, and upon completion they receive certificates that give them the right to independently see patients in a dental clinic or open their own doctor's office.

Can I study abroad?

As noted earlier, residency is a form of education characteristic of the Russian Federation and the countries of the former Soviet Union, therefore, as such, residency outside the CIS countries does not exist.

For those who want to undergo in-depth postgraduate education abroad, there is an opportunity to obtain the status of a physician assistant or take courses to confirm their specialization.

For example, in Italy, obtaining a specialization lasts from 2 to 6 years, and in Germany it will not be possible to change the status of an assistant to the status of a doctor without passing the exam. This fully applies to doctors specializing in dentistry.

Fundamental differences between residency and internship

Many students often have questions about the difference between an internship and a residency, how long it will take to study, and where is the best place to go. So, in order to answer these questions, you need to understand what an internship is.

The internship is also one of the stages of training of specialists who have graduated from universities, however, is designed for accelerated passage. Young professionals who have completed six years of training and have a diploma of higher medical education are eligible to enter the internship.

Internship time, unlike residency, is only one year, during which the intern, under the guidance of experienced doctors, is engaged in practical activities, however, he does not make independent decisions and is not responsible for his actions.

After completing the training, the intern is issued a certificate of completion of the course, which indicates the specialty acquired by the student. This certificate entitles a young specialist to independent work in the field of medicine.

The difference between internship and residency is as follows:

• Since internship training lasts half as long, the status of a doctor will be assigned to the student earlier;
• In the internship, the training is more general, while the residency trains more narrowly focused specialists;
• Studies have some differences in the areas of training;
• A former resident has the right to apply for the title of head, but an intern does not.

Some nice bonuses

In addition to additional knowledge and in-depth study of the subject of their activities, residency training provides the student with some benefits and guarantees:

In general, the benefits of residency, although it lasts longer than an internship, is to give the graduate medical school and more knowledge and practical experience for use in subsequent professional medical activities. study the link.

Internship and residency are words related to medicine, namely to medical education. What is the difference between internship and residency.

How is an internship different from a residency?

• Internship lasts one year, residency - two years
• The internship is considered in most cases incomplete training, sometimes it cannot be counted towards promotion
• The list of specialties available for residency and internship may vary.

What is internship and order

Internship- this is the first year after graduation from the higher medical educational institution, that is, after 6 courses. During this year, the graduate is engaged in practical activities (in various areas of medicine) under the guidance of doctors, but does not have the right to make decisions independently, and is not responsible. At the end of the internship, a "Specialist Certificate" is issued - indicating the acquired specialty. After that, a person moves from the category of an intern doctor to the category of a doctor, and can work independently.

Residency- in-depth study, mastering a specific specialty for two years already. Other specialties pass, but in a much smaller volume.
A resident may not necessarily be trained on the basis of a medical institution. Training can take place at the department. But the main thing is a narrow focus! That is, they train a specialist with capital letter in your business, in your specialty!
By the way, not everyone who wants to get into residency is required to pass an exam, pass a competition if there are more applicants than allocated places!

Residency is not mandatory, but it can give certain advantages when occupying a leadership position (head of a department, for example).

Where and how does the training take place?

Training takes place in the clinical departments of universities. Training can be carried out in full-time and part-time, but the second option, as a rule, can be used by an already established doctor. Residency in this case may also be needed not in all specialties. The range of training is determined by the prospective and existing needs of the healthcare system. Important stimulating conditions are the opening of large specialized scientific and practical centers, the improvement of the material and technical base and the growing need for specialists in a certain area, which affects wages and bonuses.

Training

We continue to understand what residency is. What it is, you can already understand. But how is the preparation going? Except individual approach, take into account the level vocational training, work experience in the specialty and the conditions in which it was carried out professional activity. All of this has an impact on learning. Therefore, an individual plan is developed and approved for each doctor. For the training of specialists, the most qualified personnel from the existing teaching staff are involved.

Educational plans

Although they are developed individually for each specialist, they still take into account standard programs. For maximum efficiency, the entire departmental staff of the direction is involved in the work. Regarding the workload, we can say that it includes work in diagnostic departments, mastering practical skills, supervising patients, participating in operations (this is important if you are a residency in surgery) and seminars. It is also often possible to find that 25% of the study time is used to train a specialist in related disciplines. But this is used only to better perform the tasks assigned to the specialist.

Certificate of completion of training

To confirm the availability of knowledge and the passage of appropriate training, the graduate is issued a state diploma. It indicates that a person has been educated. True, initially a person is almost never given the opportunity to conduct independent activity. This is done in the interests of the patient. This is necessary to prevent a situation where human life will be in the hands of an amateur who will not be able to save her. Initially, a person is engaged under the guidance of an experienced curator. He is also assisted (albeit insignificant) by the staff of the institution.

The difference in medical training

A residency is often confused with an internship. One can only imagine how tired the doctors themselves are from this. Therefore, let's deal with this and find out how the internship differs from the residency. To do this, we will get acquainted with all the necessary terminological base. So, an internship is called the primary postgraduate training of graduates of medical schools, which is aimed at ensuring that a specialist can carry out medical activities to provide qualified medical care. Similar wording to the one at the beginning of the article. But if you figure it out and get into the documentation for this, you can find out that the residency provides for the provision of knowledge that is needed to provide specialized medical care! Therefore, it takes more time - 2 years versus one for an internship. The preparation process at the same time includes the supervision of patients, the maintenance of medical records (carried out under the supervision of the head), duty, lectures, seminars (up to 120 hours per year). It is necessary to perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and so on. That is, most of the time a person carries out practical activities. And always under the supervision of your mentor. Although different types training and focused on a common goal, they have different tasks. Thus, the resident doctor must be able to work independently in health care institutions. That is why it is so important to pay attention to their preparation.

How does admission work if we are interested in residency?

Dentistry, surgery or something else - no matter what the goal is. Let's take a look at how the learning process works. It is carried out with a separation from medical practice. It can be carried out on a contract basis or at the expense of the budget. Typically, the training period for a specialist is two years. But if a person studies on a contract basis, then this period can be doubled. For clinical residency, you must have practice for at least three years (or complete an internship and have a recommendation from the academic council for training). Then there are interviews with members of the commission and passing exams. Training is carried out at the clinical bases of the departments of the university in which the person entered. For the entire period of training, the resident receives a supervisor, who can only be a professor or associate professor. If a person has successfully completed his studies and has experience in research work, then the Academic Council may issue a recommendation for admission to graduate school. If there is a desire to study in residency, then all the details and the time for submitting documents must be found out in advance. You need to focus on the end of spring (recommended) or the beginning of summer. At the same time, in addition to the usual package of files, it will be necessary to provide a diploma of higher education in one specialty, an extract from the work book, a list scientific works, rationalization proposals and inventions.

Conclusion

So we figured out what residency is, what it is, found out the differences between it and graduate school, and also figured out how admission and studying proccess. This step is important for every person who wants to learn his specialty well and become a skilled doctor. It is no secret that medical areas are complex and at the same time important for society. Alas, but now it cannot be said that the work of doctors is appreciated as we would like it to be. Similar words can be attributed to many specialties, such as a teacher, a firefighter, and a number of others. But you can change the current state of affairs only by working on improving yourself as a person and the whole society as a whole. Although if we take areas such as surgery and dentistry, then a valuable (that is, a professional with golden hands) employee makes good money here.

Education at the university ends with the issuance of a state-recognized diploma to the graduate, indicating the level of officially received education and the receipt of a basic specialty (general medicine, medical and preventive care, dentistry, pharmacy, nursing). At this stage, his independent activity is limited. A graduate employed in a medical institution, in fact, never (in the interests of patients) immediately received the right to work independently with patients. Its leaders contributed to the development of clinical consistency under the guidance of an experienced curator and with the assistance of the team.

This obligatory period for the formation of a doctor’s independence after graduation was formalized by Order No. 286 of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated December 19, 1994 “On Approval of the Regulations on the Procedure for Admission to Professional (Medical and Pharmaceutical) Activities”, which made a specialist certificate received by a doctor at the postgraduate stage, a pass to independent professional life.

Thus, the task of the second stage - postgraduate education - is the necessary completion of the training of a specialist.

Internship- this is the primary postgraduate training of graduates of higher medical and pharmaceutical educational institutions and medical faculties public universities aimed at the implementation of medical activities within the framework of qualified medical care.

The order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 210n dated April 23, 2009 “On the nomenclature of specialties for specialists with higher and postgraduate medical and pharmaceutical education in the healthcare sector of the Russian Federation” draws a line between internship training, which implies training in basic specialties, and residency, training in which essential for advanced training.

Residency- this is the primary postgraduate training of graduates of higher medical and pharmaceutical educational institutions and medical faculties of state universities, aimed at achieving the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities to provide specialized medical care.

Article 18 federal law of the Russian Federation "On higher and postgraduate professional education" adopted by the State Duma on 07/19/1996 and approved by the Federation Council on 08/07/1996, interns and residents become students of institutions of higher and postgraduate education vocational education. Their status in terms of receiving educational services is equated to the status of students of a higher educational institution of the corresponding form of education.

The purpose of internship training is to prepare graduates for the independent implementation of primary qualified non-specialized medical care, mainly in outpatient settings. Doctors who have completed their internship are allowed to work in practical healthcare.

The preparation process provides for such types of training as curation of patients and maintaining medical records under the supervision of the head, duty with a report at the morning conference, work in the diagnostic departments of a medical institution, the admissions department and the intensive care unit, lectures and seminars that may take up to 120 hours, performing a certain minimum of diagnostic and treatment procedures, independent study literature, visits to scientific societies, participation in medical conferences (demonstration of patients, review reports), participation in pathoanatomical studies of deceased patients, etc. Most of the time, interns should be engaged in practical activities under the supervision of a teacher, mastering the basics of diagnosis, the necessary practical skills.

The training program provides for three levels of mastering the material and mastering practical skills: 1 - professional orientation on this issue; 2 - use of knowledge and skills under the guidance of a curator; 3 - the possibility of independent use of knowledge, skills and abilities in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The category of mandatory documents accompanying the training includes an internship training curriculum, a schedule of seminars, an intern's diary, which should reflect all stages of training

The basis for assessing the readiness of an internship graduate for independent work is an exam. Subject to passing the exam, the intern receives a certificate of completion of the internship and a certificate indicating the relevant specialty.

Differences in the implementation of types of postgraduate education are not only in terms: the duration of training in internship is 1 year, in residency 2 years. These types of training are focused on a common goal, but solve different problems. The main task of training doctors in residency is to prepare highly qualified specialists for independent work in healthcare institutions.

Residency training is carried out in accordance with curricula, which are developed by departmental teams, taking into account standard programs. Training provides for independent supervision of patients, work in diagnostic units, mastering practical skills, participation in operations (for surgical specialties), participation in seminars. 25% of the time is recommended to be used for training in related disciplines in accordance with the tasks that the intern faces when mastering the specialty.

License series AA No. 003531, registration number 3527 dated 06/03/2010 until 31.12.2015
Licensed specialties (internship):	Licensed specialties (residency):
anesthesiology and resuscitation,	anesthesiology and resuscitation
dermatovenereology,	dermatovenereology
pediatric surgery,	pediatric surgery
infectious diseases,	infectious diseases
clinical laboratory diagnostics,	clinical laboratory diagnostics
neurology,	neurology
neonatology,	neonatology
pediatrics,	pediatrics
psychiatry,	psychiatry
radiology,	radiology,
obstetrics and gynecology,	obstetrics and gynecology,
	Forensic-medical examination,
traumatology and orthopedics,	traumatology and orthopedics,
phthisiology,	phthisiology,
surgery,	surgery,
endocrinology,	endocrinology,
oncology,	oncology,
otorhinolaryngology,	otorhinolaryngology,
pathological anatomy,	pathological anatomy,
general practice dentistry,	general practice dentistry,
pharmaceutical Technology,	clinical pharmacology,
nursing management.	cardiology,
general hygiene,	pulmonology,
management and economics of pharmacy,	ophthalmology,
pharmaceutical chemistry,	general medical practice (family medicine),
pharmacognosy,	physical therapy and sports medicine,
epidemiology,	urology,
	ultrasound diagnostics,
	orthodontics.
	organization of healthcare and public health,
	functional diagnostics,
	physiotherapy,
	thoracic surgery
	surgical dentistry,
	therapeutic dentistry,
	orthopedic dentistry
	pediatric dentistry,
	cardiovascular surgery
	Maxillofacial Surgery,
	gastroenterology
	restorative medicine
	allergology and immunology
	hematology

Coordinates the training of interns and residents of the department postgraduate education, which, in addition to direct admission of graduates, performs methodological and supervisory functions.