A teacher in Russia is more than just a teacher. This is an experienced mentor, support, senior friend and a person who has a huge responsibility. realities modern world are rapidly changing, but the inner content of the concept of "Teacher" never changes. 25 facts: statistics, culture and history, everything to think about what kind of heroes they are - real teachers.
5 facts. The importance of the profession
- World polls show that teachers are second only to the military and doctors in the ranking of professions on which the well-being of society depends. We would raise this point even higher, because the present and future of each child depends on teachers.
- In 2013 rating of the teaching profession in terms of trust was 3.72 points out of five possible (only scientists have a higher figure - 3.86 points).
- The researchers note that the teacher just as hard a job as an air traffic controller , pilot or fireman. Their stress levels are about the same.
- According to teachers, modern children come to them every year with big problems. That is why the range of "interests" of teachers is steadily expanding towards psychology.
- According to the results of an all-Russian survey, more than 92% believe the teaching profession is a creative and very challenging . Dear teachers, please remain creative, patient professionals.
10 facts. culture
- Teaching is indeed one of the oldest professions. The first schools appeared in the countries of the East - in Assyria, Babylon and China in the IV millennium BC. e. The profession came to Russia after the adoption of Christianity, when Prince Vladimir issued a decree to give children literacy education - “book education” for children. the best people". Later, Yaroslav the Wise created a school in Novgorod for the children of clerics and elders. Education was conducted in Russian, and the subjects were reading, writing, counting and the basics of the Christian faith.
- The very word "school" first appeared in Ancient Greece. But its meaning was different from the modern understanding, meant "rest" or even "leisure" . However, leisure was not idle, but meant conversations on topics of philosophy and faith. Over time, students began to appear among philosophers, and the term "school" began to mean precisely studying proccess. When the need arose to create premises for mass education, the name "school" was left.
- Corporal punishment in schools is still allowed in some countries. It’s not for you to write “fool” with a pen on your forehead, because even in America - a stronghold of democracy - not all states have abolished corporal punishment. In Russia, this practice came to naught after the 1917 revolution. So you can celebrate a century without peas and rods.
- We are also indebted to Russian teachers from the past for the appearance of the expression "to freeze stupidity." In pre-revolutionary gymnasiums, Greek was studied, and in translation into it, “stupidity” is “drizzle”. So the teachers scolded their negligent students in this way.
- There are a lot of educators among politicians and scientists. For example, before Lyndon Johnson became President of the United States, he was a teacher. At the age of 20, he was already teaching at three different schools. Moreover, sources report that his teaching style and competencies received many positive reviews.
- Studying in the USA is very individual, and teachers observe the “secrecy of grades”. In an American school, the teacher simply silently calls to him and shows the mark to the student, and only once every six months the report card comes to the parents.
- The most popular film about teaching in Russia is... no, not We'll Live Until Monday, but "French lessons" . The Soviet film classic of 1978 tells a simple but complex history about how the teacher decides to support a student deprived of family warmth.
- Lev Semenovich Vygotsky - one of the most famous psychologists and educators, the creator of the cultural-historical theory, received ... legal education. But later he chose not the profession of a psychologist or psychotherapist, but a teacher. He taught at many schools and technical schools and taught courses.
- A subject teacher is the most common form of employment for Russian teachers. But, for example, in the Czech Republic there are no "mathematicians", "physicists" and "athletes", there The teacher is required to teach several subjects at once.
- Such a movie masterpiece "Let's Live Until Monday" , should still be in our selection. The fact is that for many girls from the USSR, Ilya Melnikov - the hero of the incomparable Tikhonov - became a model of a real man, in fact, an ideal. According to many, they went to work as teachers in a school precisely because they met their ideal.
10 facts. Statistics
- 33% of teachers leave within the first three years of employment, 46% within the first five years. And this number, unfortunately, is increasing.
- A teacher's salary does not include time spent on class planning. But it can take up to three hours to prepare one lesson! According to the National Education Association, teachers spend an average of 53 hours per week performing tasks related to learning . All this - planning lessons, writing reports, extra classes and checking homework. While the usual norm for office workers is 40 hours a week.
- The most common reason a person leaves teaching is low salary. Such a reason as retirement is only 14% of the total.
- 99% of teachers surveyed say that "love for your work" - an absolute requirement, and professionalism is necessary for the full provision of student achievement.
- 94% of the teachers surveyed are not at all against the annual "assessments" of their work, that is, attestations. Organized inspections, in their opinion, should be carried out regularly, but only a quarter work in schools where this occurs.
- Unfortunately, over the past 10 years the number of teachers in Russia has decreased by at least 25%. Young specialists are not in a hurry to become teachers, even if they graduate from universities in this profile.
- School teacher, if we turn to statistics, - a female profession , 86% of the professional community are women. Moreover, the proportion of men in primary school equals zero. By comparison, in France high school 57% of women, in the UK and Hong Kong - 53%, in Germany - 46%, in Japan - 32%.
- 39% of teachers in Russia are residents of villages and villages, about 30% more work in million-plus cities, the rest - in urban-type settlements and small towns.
- As of the end of 2016 - beginning of 2017, the level of teachers' income fluctuates between 18-30 thousand rubles, according to official data.
- According to an international study in which Russia took part, average age teachers - 52 years old.
Short description:
Teaching is a unique profession, outside of time, fashion and geography. Being one of the oldest, it remains in demand to this day. Like everything in the world, it undergoes changes. According to Ozhegov's dictionary, a teacher is a person who teaches someone something.
The history of the profession:
Once upon a time, when the division of labor did not exist, all the older, most experienced representatives of the tribe and community became teachers. During the transition to the division of labor, teachers became people who practiced this or that craft and transmitted this or that skill, knowledge. And only in the 18th and 19th centuries, teaching as an officially recognized profession became a mass phenomenon in Europe and around the world.…
The emergence of the teaching profession has objective grounds. Society could not exist and develop if the younger generation, replacing the older generation, was forced to start over, without creative assimilation and use of the experience that it inherited. Since the emergence of the teaching profession, teachers have been assigned, first of all, the educational function. A teacher is an educator, a mentor. This is his civil, human destiny.
With the increasing complexity of the processes of social production, the development of methods of cognition and the rapid growth of scientific knowledge in society, there was a need for a special transfer of knowledge, skills and abilities. That is why a relatively independent function, teaching, emerged from the field of "pure" education in the teaching profession. The educational function began to be entrusted to other persons. So, in families of privileged classes, home educators were invited to raise children. In Russia, these were, as a rule, foreigners - tutors and governesses. In public and private educational institutions along with the teachers there were class guards, class mentors, class ladies, etc.
The practice of education has its roots in the deep layers of human civilization. It appeared with the first people. Children were brought up without any pedagogy, not even suspecting its existence.
It is known that the root cause of all scientific branches- the need of life. The time has come when education began to play a very prominent role in people's lives. It turned out that society progresses faster or slower, depending on how the upbringing of the younger generations is put in it. There was a need to generalize the experience of education, to create special educational institutions to prepare young people for life.
Already in the most developed countries ancient world- China, India, Egypt, Greece - serious attempts were made to generalize the experience of education, to isolate theoretical principles. All knowledge about nature, man, society was then accumulated in philosophy; the first pedagogical generalizations were also made in it.
At all times, there has been folk pedagogy, which has played a decisive role in the spiritual and physical development of people. The people have created original and surprisingly viable systems of moral and labor education.
The social significance of the profession in society: In the 21st century, when there is more and more knowledge, science rushes by leaps and bounds, the profession acquires a new meaning for the development of society, the world of science. Teachers accompany us throughout life, from kindergarten age. Even outside the walls of the alma mater, we continue to learn. The fitness trainer hides the chocolate from us and makes us run a few more miles on the treadmill. Business coach shares latest tips skills, making us more successful.
The mass nature and uniqueness of the profession: The main competence of a successful teacher, regardless of the discipline taught and the audience, is effective communication. It is she who allows you to convey knowledge, motivate to work, manage conflicts in the team. In second place - excellent knowledge of the subject. On the third - patience, patience and once again patience.
Great teachers of the past
Outstanding teachers were among all peoples and at all times. So, the Chinese called Confucius (VI - V centuries BC) a great teacher. In one of the legends about this thinker, his conversation with a student is given: "This country is vast and densely populated. What does it lack, teacher?" - the student turns to him. "Enrich her," the teacher replies. "But she is already rich. How can she be enriched?" the student asks. "Teach her!" - exclaims the teacher.
Czech humanist educator Ya.A. Comenius dreamed of giving his people the combined wisdom of the world. He wrote dozens of school textbooks, over 260 pedagogical works. He compared the teacher to a gardener who lovingly cultivates a plant in the garden, to an architect who carefully builds up knowledge in all corners of the human being, to a sculptor who carefully hews and polishes the minds and souls of people. The methods, principles, forms of education proposed by him, such as, for example, the class-lesson system, became the basis pedagogical theory. His main work, The Great Didactics, was published in Amsterdam in 1654. - one of the first scientific and pedagogical books.
Education in the name of the happiness of the child - such is the humanistic meaning of pedagogical activity V.A. Sukhomlinsky. Without faith in the child, without trust in him, all pedagogical wisdom, all methods and techniques of training and education, in his opinion, are untenable. The basis of the teacher's success, he believed, are spiritual wealth and the generosity of his soul, the upbringing of feelings and high level general emotional culture, the ability to delve deeply into the essence of the pedagogical phenomenon. The primary task of the teacher, he noted, is to discover the creator in every person, to put him on the path of original creative, intellectually full-blooded work.
He brought world fame to Russian pedagogy K.D. Ushinsky. They were asked to make work a full-fledged educational tool. The textbooks he created have withstood an unprecedented circulation in history. For example, "native word" was published 187 times. His legacy is 11 volumes, and pedagogical works are of scientific value today. In his youthful diary, Ushinsky formulated the goal of his life: "to do as much good as possible for my fatherland." He reached his goal.
Where to get a job:
The education system offers ample learning opportunities for those who want to become teachers. The main thing is to decide what exactly and in what format you want to teach. If you love to mess with kids, you can become a kindergarten teacher or elementary school what you learn in a teacher's college or college. In order to teach at a university, it is necessary to obtain at least a complete higher education and ideally a PhD.
Colleges of Education
The first stage of professional pedagogical education in Russia are pedagogical colleges that provide secondary vocational education for teaching in preschool institutions and in elementary school.
The average Teacher Education.
Specialties: "Teaching in primary school"," Pedagogy additional education”, “Special preschool education”, “Physical education”, “Correctional pedagogy in primary education" and etc.
Higher education institutions
The second stage of professional pedagogical education is higher educational institutions, where you can get higher pedagogical education, as well as psychological.
Undergraduate and graduate These are two levels of higher pedagogical education.
The first level is a bachelor's degree, in which the training lasts 4 years. A bachelor's degree entitles you to work as teachers in various educational institutions. The second level is the training of masters, which is carried out in 2 years and trains specialists to solve various problems. pedagogical problems and research activities.
Higher pedagogical education.Pedagogical universities. Specialties: "Pedagogy and methodology preschool education», « Foreign language”, “Philology”, “Mathematics”, “Physics”, “Chemistry”, etc.
PhDThe third level of teacher training is postgraduate and doctoral studies, which produce scientific and pedagogical personnel of the highest qualification for the training of teachers in higher educational institutions.
Interesting page
Poems about teachers
If there were no teacher
That would not have been, probably
Neither a poet nor a thinker,
Neither Shakespeare nor Copernicus.
And still would probably
If there were no teacher
Undiscovered Americas
Remained unopened.
And we would not be Icarus,
We would never take to the sky
If in us his efforts
Wings were not grown.
Without him, a good heart
The world was not so amazing.
That's why we're so precious
The name of our teacher.
G. Krupin
Learn to work, think boldly,
Walk - the roads are good ...
There is no more joyful thing in the world,
Than education of the soul!
Mentors - poems and songs,
The sparkle of inspirational lines,
The wisest of all professions
The greatness of the title: "Teacher!"
There is no better job in the world
Labor is more courageous and dear ...
Shine blue. It is a holiday today
My friends, teachers.
Anyone who has become a teacher will understand
What happiness - to be useful to people,
Teach His Majesty the People!
Bring him the gift of wisdom and knowledge,
And the kindness of your heart light -
There is no more responsible calling on earth,
More honorable and happier - no.
Outlined by immortal ideas,
May your work be honest to the end,
And then they will open up to you
Fellow citizens of young pure hearts.
And they will carry like a baton,
As a memory of your teacher,
Our desire to make this land,
The planet we live on!
S. Vikulov
Riddles about teachers
He gives us knowledge
Gives marks,
Recognition from us in response
Receives all the time.
mentor, leader,
Our beloved... (teacher)
The teacher will solve any problem
And a circle can be easily distinguished from a square,
A long example will count in the mind.
What kind of teacher is he, tell me? (Mathematic teacher)
He will instantly hear an error in speech,
He reads a lot and writes well,
Any dictation he would have written on "five".
What kind of teacher is he, try to say? (Teacher of Russian language)
Proverbs and sayings about study, teaching, teachers
Live and learn
The bird is red with feathers, and the man with learning.
Without studying, you can’t weave bast shoes.
Repetition is the mother of learning.
A full belly is deaf to learning.
Hard in teaching - easy in battle.
Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.
To teach others, you need to sharpen your mind.
Quotes Aphorisms about teachers
1. Whom the gods want to punish, they make a teacher. Seneca
2. They demand a miracle from doctors and teachers, and if a miracle happens, no one is surprised. Maria Ebner Eschenbach
3. If a teacher has only love for the job, he will be a good teacher. If the teacher has only love for the student, like a father, a mother, he will be better than the teacher who has read all the books, but has no love either for the work or for the students. If a teacher combines love for work and for students, he is a perfect teacher. Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy
Puzzles on the topic "School"
Continuing work on the project “Just a hundred professions”, 4th grade students interviewed a teacher primary school MOU secondary school No. 4 Amyashkina Nina Nikolaevna.
- Nina Nikolaevna, why did you choose the profession of a teacher?
Why did I choose the teaching profession? My journey into the profession began at a young age.
The first teacher leaves a deep imprint in the memory of every person. I will never forget that serene September day when, as a little girl, I crossed the threshold of the school and gave a huge bouquet of asters to my first teacher. In my memory, she remained as the kindest, brightest, sincere, but strict and demanding teacher. I tried to imitate her in everything.
But here he called last call! I am leaving school. But how great is the desire to return here! Then I decided to try my hand and went to learn the basics of teaching at the Penza Pedagogical College. After graduating from college, she came to the distribution in Serdobsk and began working at school number 9. After working for 5 years, she moved to school number 4. Already working here, she entered the Penza Pedagogical Institute, studied and worked at the same time. Of course, it was difficult to combine study, work, and after all, family at home. But all difficulties were overcome. I really love my profession.
- Nina Nikolaevna, how many years have you been working as a teacher?
I already have a lot of work experience. I have been working in secondary school No. 4 for 29 years and worked at school No. 9 for another five years. A total of 34 years.
- Have you ever regretted choosing this particular profession?
Working at school, I have never regretted that I chose the profession of a teacher. Every day I go to the lesson with joy, knowing that even today I will help the children climb one more step, take another step into the future together with them. I happy man!!!
Every year I meet and see off,
And every day to look into the souls of children.
Every hour I feel unity with them,
And every moment it becomes cleaner, better ...
Thank you, Nina Nikolaevna for your sincere interesting story. We wish you creative success and of course good, obedient students. Happy New Year to you!
reference
Surely, each person keeps in mind the image of the first teacher, remembers his first lesson. And this has its own explanation, since the teacher is engaged not only in training, but also in education. It is known that pedagogy, translated from Greek stands for "driving with children". Even in ancient times, people with some kind of craft were elected to teach the younger generation. Today, the essence of selecting specialists for training has remained the same. Main value remains the professional level and knowledge of the teacher.
Demand for the profession
Quite in demand
Representatives of the profession teachers are in high demand in the labor market. Despite the fact that universities produce a large number of specialists in this field, many companies and many enterprises require qualified teachers.
Description of activity
teacher in his professional activity should be guided by laws on education, as well as the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In order to perform their work qualitatively, a specialist in the field of education uses the knowledge of pedagogy, psychology and physiology. Here it is important to study the interests and needs of students and find an approach to everyone, to realize their creative potential. The ability to organize one's teaching activities, to create a work methodology that will produce fruitful results, are the main criteria for the activity of a good specialist.
Wage
average in Moscow:average for St. Petersburg:
The uniqueness of the profession
Pretty common
The majority of respondents believe that the profession teachers can not be called rare, in our country it is quite common. For several years, the labor market has seen a demand for representatives of the profession teachers despite the fact that a lot of specialists graduate every year.
How users rated this criterion:What kind of education is needed
Higher professional education
The survey data show that for work in the profession teachers you must have a diploma of higher professional education in the relevant specialty or in a specialty that allows you to work teacher(adjacent or similar specialty). Medium vocational education not enough to be teacher.
How users rated this criterion:Job responsibilities
The teacher conducts lessons where he provides new information within his subject. Carries out repetition and consolidation of the passed material. Controls educational activities students through grading. To organize independent work students, gives homework. Engaged in checking the work of students, prepares control and verification work. Conducts extracurricular activities with underachieving students. Takes part in the meeting of the Board of Directors.
Type of labor
Exceptional mental work
Profession teachers refers to professions of exclusively mental (creative or intellectual labor). In the process of work, the activity of sensory systems, attention, memory, activation of thinking and the emotional sphere is important. teachers distinguished by erudition, curiosity, rationality, analytical warehouse mind.
How users rated this criterion:Features of career growth
The career growth of a teacher is a kind of ladder of professional growth. It is manifested by participation in competitions, olympiads, an excellent indicator of student achievement. The teacher may in the future apply for the position of head teacher or director of the school.
Career Opportunities
Opportunities Enough
The vast majority of the profession teachers believe that they have enough opportunities to move up the career ladder. If an ordinary specialist has such a goal, then it is quite realistic for him to take a leadership position in this area.
How users rated this criterion:Education specialist, teacher.
Job Responsibilities
The teaching profession is one of the most respected, honorable and responsible professions. We can say that the teacher creates the future of the country, because. the versatility of the development of knowledge of the young generation, its beliefs, worldview, and moral qualities largely depend on his work. Pedagogical activity requires a special calling. Education and training can be done by people with an inclination and love for this business. The teacher must love and pass on his knowledge to others, be carried away by the very process of teaching and educating a person. The success of pedagogical activity largely depends on the communicative abilities of the teacher, on his ability to establish the right relationship with children. The work of a teacher makes great demands on his attention. The teacher works with the whole class, and he needs to keep many students in his field of vision. He must be able to notice all the changes in their behavior.
Thus, observation, distribution of attention, its switchability are professionally important qualities of a teacher. Pedagogical activity requires a person and certain volitional qualities: endurance, patience, consistency, perseverance, self-control. He must control his behavior, manage it. Speech is very important in the teaching profession, which should be distinguished by expressiveness, emotionality, and persuasiveness. The teacher should be able to express his thoughts competently, clearly, simply, understandably for the children.
Most of the specialists who have received a pedagogical education work in a secondary general education school as primary school teachers and teachers of individual disciplines. The work of a teacher is also used in boarding schools, schools for working youth, vocational schools, technical schools, and preschool institutions. In addition to the above professional qualities a subject teacher must have the ability to a certain area of science (mathematics, physics, literature, etc.).
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