Our solar system began to be born 6 billion years ago. Step 1 was the creation of a star.

Our star "The Sun" came from stardust. Stardust particles were attracted to each other, forming small stones. These stones were attracted to each other with greater force, forming already large cobblestones. This chain continued until a huge cosmic body was formed. Inside this body, under the influence of pressure and other substances, it began to release gases (hydrogen, helium, etc.), then the body begins to heat up and the gases enter into a reaction during heating, and the gases ignite. An inner core begins to form inside this body, and a magnetic field begins to appear outside this body. After the final formation of the core, the star begins to burn its fuel (helium). When the Sun finishes its formation, it “throws away” the remnants of star dust with a shock wave. From these remnants, planets began to form that revolve around the sun in an ellipse (an ellipse is the orbit of the planets along which they revolve around the sun). The planets were created along the same chain, but in a slightly different way. When the core of the planets is formed to the end, they do not throw off star dust particles by the shock wave, but continue their formation to the end. The planets do not throw off the shock wave because they do not have enough energy for this, and during the final formation of the core, they do not burn their fuel, because the core of the planets (if the core of these planets is similar to the core of our planet) consists of iron, magnesium and other solid substances. Of course there are "gas" planets (for example: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus). They have a core structure different from the Earth's, but they also do not "reject" the shock wave. When the planets are finally formed to the end, they begin to have a crust, atmosphere and water (if conditions are suitable for water).

Solar System Star

The center of the solar system is a star. The center of our solar system is the sun. The sun has lived half of its life, and will live for about 4.5 billion years. How the sun was formed was told in chapter 1.

Composition of the Sun.

1. Dense helium core

2. Zone of Radiant Equilibrium

3. Convection Zone

4. Chromosphere

5. Photosphere

6. Prominences

8. Sunspots

The temperature of the Sun outside can reach from 6000 to 8000 degrees C?, and inside the star it can sometimes reach up to 15,000,000 C?! The Sun heats our Solar System, but its power to heat all the planets is not enough, for example, Mars does not have enough heat for the emergence of life. But scientists are trying to find this life! Is our sun left to live? 4.5-5 billion years. Scientists put forward these figures by the glow of the sun. I explain: if a star glows bright white (not white dwarfs), then this star is still young and will glow for many billions of years. If a star glows bright or plain orange, then that star is as old as ours. If a star glows red, then this star does not have enough fuel to continue life, and it swells up to a red giant. If our Sun were a red giant, then it would swallow everything in its path to Jupiter or Saturn. Fortunately, our Sun is not that big. But when a star grows to a red giant, that's not the end! When a star finally runs out of fuel, it begins to turn from a red giant into a small ball. A star is collapsing! The core of this star attracts the entire star to the center i.e. into yourself. And in a second, a star explodes! Such an explosion is called a "Supernova Explosion" or simply "Supernova". This explosion destroys all the planets of the solar system. Only the core of the White Dwarf star remains. But this is not the end of the star! If the White Dwarf finds another star, then it can become a normal star again. And if not, then it explodes and this time nothing remains of the star.

New version of the appearance of the solar system

Order of the planets

Not so long ago, such a statement would have caused a storm of indignation among any self-respecting astrophysicist, and most likely, it all ended with the usual enumeration of several options for the origin of our solar system. However, today a number of researchers not only do not reject this version, but already consider it the main one. What is the reason? Let's try to figure it out.

It all started with observations from NASA's space observatory called Kepler. The satellite was launched in 2009, and in 2013, due to a loss of orientation in space, it failed. The observatory was equipped with an incredibly sensitive photometer and is specifically designed to search for exoplanets, that is, planets outside our solar system, like Earth. The ability of the apparatus to observe more than 100,000 stars at the same time very quickly made it possible for scientists to obtain incredible data on other solar systems.

In early 2010, the Kepler-33 planetary system was discovered by the observatory. The star itself, Kepler-33, located in the constellation Cygnus, was larger than our Sun, and the planets revolving around it were very close to the parent star. But the main questions among scientists were not even these factors, but the fact that almost all 5 planets were located according to a strict ranking, that is, the sizes of the planets decreased with distance from the star. The researchers at first attributed this observation to an exception to the rule, since in our native solar system the planets are located chaotically and this was considered the norm, but the further work of the observatory categorically changed the opinion of many of them.

The fact is that as we studied another 146 star systems, information about which Kepler provided, it turned out that in each of them the planets revolve around the star in the same order as in the Kepler-33 system. That is, according to these observations, solar system with the planet Earth is the exception rather than the standard. Indeed, in our solar system closer to the Sun are small planets such as Mercury, Venus and Earth, and the largest Jupiter and Saturn are located in the middle. Such facts by themselves prompted many scientists to think about the artificial origin of the solar system.

The planets and the moon are oriented towards the earth

As researchers explored the solar system, a number of rather strange conclusions were made. Despite the fact that all the planets rotate around the Sun, it turned out that they are all tuned to the Earth in a special way. So Mercury moves very synchronously with the Earth and every 116 times it gets on the same straight line with the Earth and the Sun, and at the same time, interestingly, it always turns out to be turned to the Earth by the same side.

Venus behaves in a similar way - once every 584 days it approaches the Earth as close as possible, but again, it is always located on the same side to our planet. Not to mention the fact that this planet rotates counterclockwise, unlike others - an explanation for such a phenomenon has not yet been found.

The planets of our solar system are able to rotate in different planes, unlike other planetary systems discovered by Kepler, where exoplanets fly in almost the same plane and the angle of inclination of their orbits to this plane does not exceed one degree. After all, if we assume that some alien Kepler will observe our Sun and track our planets by their transits, he will miss many - primarily Mercury and Venus.

It is worth mentioning the only natural satellite of the Earth, whose name is the Moon. The satellite of the Earth is strikingly different from the satellites of other planets in the solar system. The vast majority of satellites are very small compared to the parent planet. The moon is only 6 times smaller than the Earth in diameter. It also turned out that from the surface of the Earth, the apparent diameter of the Moon coincides with the apparent diameter of the Sun. And the laws of mechanics that regulate the interactions of the Earth and the Moon are fine-tuned so that, despite the fact that the Moon rotates around its axis, it always faces the Earth with the same side, that is, the rotation of the Moon around the Earth and around its own axis is synchronized. Is it possible that synchronization of this level was formed as a result of natural processes?

Jupiter and Saturn are the protectors of the Earth

When, in July 2009, Australian astronomer Anthony Wesley, who devoted his life to studying Jupiter, discovered that an object the size of the Earth had crashed into the planet, it caused an incredible stir among scientists. Astronomers watched with fear as a strange black spot spreads near the south pole of Jupiter. Then they suggested that it was a huge comet or an asteroid. If something like this happened on Earth, hundreds of millions of people would die.

This is far from the only case when Jupiter gets in the way of comets. A similar phenomenon was also observed in 1994, when fragments of comet Shumeikorov-Levy crashed into the giant's atmosphere at a speed of 64 km/s, causing incredibly powerful disturbances in the cloud cover. Nathan Kaib, an astronomer from the University of Washington, said on this occasion that the Earth is protected from collisions with comets and asteroids by the gravitational fields of the gas giant planets Saturn and Jupiter, and for hundreds of millions of years they act as powerful shields, preventing dangerous space objects.

According to data provided by scientists to the Daily Telegraph newspaper, powerful gravitational fields are just in the path of most of the following of most large comets that emerge from the so-called Oort Cloud. It turns out that without the protection of these two giants, the Earth would become the object of constant bombardment, but in this moment earthlings are under protection. Is it possible that such a defense is just a factor of coincidence.

Question or statement

So, the solar system was created artificially - is this a question or a statement? Of course, on this stage and most likely for thousands of years this topic will remain a question. Because, a person's knowledge always relies on an already offered supply scientific discoveries and, often, scientists who, in their opinion, have an unshakable and indestructible base, in fact turn out to be the real conservatives of science.

But let's look at the question from the other side. Throughout the history of mankind, there have been and are millions of people on Earth for whom the artificial origin of our solar system is not a question. These are people of faith. Since ancient times, man has believed that he and the world in which he lives and is created. The image of God often looks different, depending on the religious orientation of the population of a particular part of our planet, but it is everywhere. The very existence of this image already indicates that in human consciousness and understanding from the day of its inception there is a certain unshakable truth that underlies behavior and morality, that is, what all intellectual and scientific activity person.

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A few years ago, the question of how the solar system was formed, any average person would have answered, wake him up even in the middle of the night.

A similar question posed to an astrophysicist would have generated a lecture listing several versions of the origin of the solar system.

But no one, even in the most terrible delirium, would dare to assert that our solar system was artificially created by some Higher forces. Meanwhile, today a number of scientists are seriously considering this version.

DANCE AROUND THE STAR

Traditional ideas about the structure of the solar system suddenly swayed and almost collapsed in early 2010. The reason for this was the discovery of a planetary system called Kepler-33, which was discovered in the constellation Cygnus by NASA astronomical observatory workers. It would seem, where are we - and where are they, what is the relationship? It turned out - the most direct.

The fact is that the celestial bodies of Kepler-33 turned out to be similar in many respects to the planets of the solar system. There was one serious difference: all the planets of Kepler-33 lined up around their star, as if in order! First came the largest planet, then the smaller one, and so on. Marveling at such a literally template arrangement of celestial bodies, scientists recorded the Kepler-33 planetary system as an anomaly, because the planets in their native solar system are randomly located.

Closest to the Sun are small planets - Mercury, Venus and Earth, and the largest - Jupiter and Saturn - are located strictly in the middle. However, later scientists changed their minds - after carefully studying 146 more star systems similar to our solar system. It turned out that in each of them the planets revolved around the star, as in Kepler-33, located exactly as the size of the planets decreased from the largest to smaller.

Only our native solar system, with its random arrangement of planets, stood out from the overall picture. As a result, a number of scientists immediately suggested that the Sun and the planets around it are located in such an anomalous order, as it turned out, in an artificial way. And it was done with a very caring hand.

EARTH IS THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE AGAIN?

Continuing to study the solar system, scientists came to another strange conclusion. Despite the fact that the planets of the solar system do revolve around the sun, they all turned out to be in a peculiar way tuned to the earth. For example, Mercury is surprisingly synchronously moving with the Earth, and once every 116 days it completely stands on the same line with the Earth and the Sun, but it always turns out to be turned to the Earth by the same side.

Venus behaves in a similar incomprehensible way. She, like Mercury, also once every 584 days approaches the Earth at the closest possible distance, but again always turns to us with the same side. Venus generally behaves extremely “indecently”: while all the planets of the solar system rotate clockwise, it rotates in the opposite direction. Why? still remains unanswered.

THE EVIL MYSTERY OF JUPITER

However, of all the planets of the solar system, Jupiter seems to be the most amazing for astrophysicists, which, logically, simply could not have formed where it is now. It was he, as it turned out, that brings disharmony to the arrangement of the planets of the solar system. The question of who or what located it in this particular place in outer space also remains open to this day.

Undoubtedly, official science will immediately lead to several quite official, satisfying academia versions of the origin of such an anomalous arrangement of the planets of the solar system ... But what's the point? After all, almost one and a half hundred planetary systems are formed completely differently!

So maybe some forces really chose the Earth for their own experiment? Quite serious scientists adhere to this fantastic, at first glance, version, including the head of the laboratory of the Department of Planetary Physics of the Institute space research RAS Doctor of Physics and Mathematics Sciences Leonid Ksanfomality.

SUN, WHERE IS YOUR SISTER?

No less serious anomaly, astrophysicists consider the absence of a second star in the solar system. Yes, it's the second one! It turned out that the vast majority of planetary systems like the Sun have two stars, and only we have only one. True, some scientists are inclined to believe that the second star did exist, but then, due to fission, it was transformed into a planetary system.

And today this former star bears the name ... Jupiter. And a number of American astronomers are sure that the second star still exists - supposedly it is the legendary Nemesis, which makes a revolution around the Sun in 12 thousand years. So, it is to this version that the American astrophysicists Walter Krattenden, Richard Muller, and Daniel Whitmire are inclined on the pages of Physorg magazine.

Exactly forty years ago, the Soviet scientist Kirill Butusov published his work "Symmetry Properties of the Solar System". In it, he scientifically substantiated the presence of absolute symmetry in the solar system. For example: Jupiter - Saturn, Neptune - Uranus, Earth - Venus, Mars - Mercury. The scientist also assumed the presence of a second star in the solar system.

However, what modern scientists are now trying to calculate and then discover in practice has long been known to the ancient civilizations of the Earth, apparently even observing the second luminary in the sky. This fact is evidenced by many ancient rock paintings and petroglyphs around the world depicting a second star next to the Sun.

In world mythology, she received the name Typhon, and according to the description she looks like a classic neutron star. Her image can be found near the ancient astronomical observatory near Mount Sevsar in Armenia. The pictogram clearly shows the trajectory of an unusual stellar body, similar to a star, around the Sun. There are similar drawings on San Emidio.

Moreover, in all the drawings scattered around the world, a neutron star, flying past the Sun, throws a “lump” of matter in its direction - a prominence. Since the language of the prominence is somewhat similar to a snake, ancient artists liked to depict it in the form of a dragon fighting with a hero-god personifying the Sun. There are similar drawings in Scotland, on Egyptian frescoes, in Australia, Mexico - in a word, all over the Earth, where ancient civilizations once lived.

SOLAR SYSTEM-SPACE TAXI?

It is impossible today to answer unambiguously the question of whether the solar system was artificially created or not. However, it can be assumed that there is a certain force in the world that can arrange the planets at its discretion. And in favor of this version - the same hypothetical prominence, released towards the Sun by a star flying by, so often found in cave paintings.

If we assume that it was not a star, but some artificial object, everything falls into place. Indeed, back in 1948, Fred Zwicky argued that it was possible to move entire star systems in space by dropping powerful thermonuclear bombs on them. The large mass of the star in this case will keep their planets near the star, but will allow them to move in space along with all the inhabitants. Who knows, perhaps someday humanity will have to use a similar method of moving in the Universe.

Today, when enthusiastic researchers are stepping on the heels of professionals, and the exchange and dissemination of information thanks to the Internet has ceased to be a problem, one can hope that in the very near future humanity will still receive an answer to the question of how the solar system was created.

Dmitry LAVOCHKIN

The boundless space that surrounds us is not just a huge airless space and emptiness. Here everything is subject to a single and strict order, everything has its own rules and obeys the laws of physics. Everything is in constant motion and is constantly interconnected with each other. This is a system in which each celestial body has its own specific place. The center of the universe is surrounded by galaxies, among which is our Milky Way. Our galaxy, in turn, is formed by stars, around which large and small planets revolve with their natural satellites. Wandering objects - comets and asteroids - complete the picture of the universal scale.

Our solar system is also located in this endless cluster of stars - a tiny astrophysical object by cosmic standards, which also includes our cosmic home - the planet Earth. For us earthlings, the size of the solar system is colossal and difficult to comprehend. In terms of the scale of the universe, these are tiny numbers - only 180 astronomical units or 2.693e + 10 km. Here, too, everything is subject to its own laws, has its own clearly defined place and sequence.

Brief description and description

The position of the Sun provides the interstellar medium and the stability of the solar system. Its location is an interstellar cloud that is part of the Orion Cygnus arm, which in turn is part of our galaxy. FROM scientific point of view, our Sun is located on the periphery, 25 thousand light years from the center of the Milky Way, if we consider the galaxy in the diametrical plane. In turn, the movement of the solar system around the center of our galaxy is carried out in orbit. The full rotation of the Sun around the center of the Milky Way is carried out in different ways, within 225-250 million years and is one galactic year. The orbit of the solar system has an inclination of 600 to the galactic plane. Nearby, in the neighborhood of our system, other stars and other solar systems with their large and small planets run around the center of the galaxy.

The approximate age of the solar system is 4.5 billion years. Like most objects in the universe, our star was formed as a result of the Big Bang. The origin of the solar system is explained by the action of the same laws that have operated and continue to operate today in the field of nuclear physics, thermodynamics and mechanics. First, a star was formed, around which, due to ongoing centripetal and centrifugal processes, the formation of planets began. The sun was formed from a dense collection of gases - a molecular cloud, which was the product of a colossal explosion. As a result of centripetal processes, the molecules of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and other elements were compressed into one continuous and dense mass.

The result of grandiose and such large-scale processes was the formation of a protostar, in the structure of which thermonuclear fusion began. This long process, which began much earlier, we observe today, looking at our Sun after 4.5 billion years from the moment of its formation. The scale of the processes occurring during the formation of a star can be represented by estimating the density, size and mass of our Sun:

• the density is 1.409 g/cm3;
• the volume of the Sun is almost the same figure - 1.40927x1027 m3;
• the mass of the star is 1.9885x1030kg.

Today, our Sun is an ordinary astrophysical object in the Universe, not the smallest star in our galaxy, but far from the largest. The sun is in its mature age, being not only the center of the solar system, but also the main factor in the emergence and existence of life on our planet.

The final structure of the solar system falls on the same period, with a difference of plus or minus half a billion years. The mass of the entire system, where the Sun interacts with other celestial bodies of the Solar System, is 1.0014 M☉. In other words, all the planets, satellites and asteroids, cosmic dust and particles of gases revolving around the Sun, in comparison with the mass of our star, are a drop in the ocean.

In the form in which we have an idea of ​​​​our star and planets revolving around the Sun - this is a simplified version. For the first time, a mechanical heliocentric model of the solar system with a clockwork was presented to the scientific community in 1704. It should be borne in mind that the orbits of the planets of the solar system do not all lie in the same plane. They rotate around at a certain angle.

The model of the solar system was created on the basis of a simpler and more ancient mechanism - tellurium, with the help of which the position and movement of the Earth in relation to the Sun was modeled. With the help of tellurium, it was possible to explain the principle of the movement of our planet around the Sun, to calculate the duration of the earth's year.

The simplest model of the solar system is presented in school textbooks where each of the planets and other celestial bodies occupy a certain place. In this case, it should be taken into account that the orbits of all objects revolving around the Sun are located at different angles to the diametrical plane of the Solar System. The planets of the solar system are located at different distances from the sun, rotate at different speeds and rotate around their own axis in different ways.

A map - a diagram of the solar system - is a drawing where all objects are located in the same plane. In this case, such an image gives an idea only of the size of celestial bodies and the distances between them. Thanks to this interpretation, it became possible to understand the location of our planet in a number of other planets, to assess the scale of celestial bodies and to give an idea of ​​the vast distances that separate us from our celestial neighbors.

Planets and other objects of the solar system

Almost the entire universe is a myriad of stars, among which there are large and small solar systems. The presence of a star of its satellite planets is a common phenomenon in space. The laws of physics are the same everywhere, and our solar system is no exception.

If you ask yourself how many planets there were in the solar system and how many there are today, it is quite difficult to answer unambiguously. Currently, the exact location of 8 major planets is known. In addition, 5 small dwarf planets revolve around the Sun. The existence of a ninth planet is currently disputed in scientific circles.

The entire solar system is divided into groups of planets, which are arranged in the following order:

Terrestrial planets:

• Mercury;
• Venus;
• Mars.

Gas planets - giants:

• Jupiter;
• Saturn;
• Uranus;
• Neptune.

All the planets presented in the list differ in structure, have different astrophysical parameters. Which planet is larger or smaller than the others? The sizes of the planets of the solar system are different. The first four objects, similar in structure to the Earth, have a solid stone surface and are endowed with an atmosphere. Mercury, Venus and Earth are the inner planets. Mars closes this group. It is followed by the gas giants: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune - dense, spherical gas formations.

The process of life of the planets of the solar system does not stop for a second. Those planets that we see today in the sky are the arrangement of celestial bodies that the planetary system of our star has at the current moment. The state that was at the dawn of the formation of the solar system is strikingly different from what is studied today.

About astrophysical parameters modern planets evidenced by the table, which also indicates the distance of the planets of the solar system to the sun.

The existing planets of the solar system are about the same age, but there are theories that there were more planets in the beginning. This is evidenced by numerous ancient myths and legends describing the presence of other astrophysical objects and catastrophes that led to the death of the planet. This is confirmed by the structure of our star system, where, along with the planets, there are objects that are products of violent cosmic cataclysms.

A striking example of such activity is the asteroid belt located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Here, objects of extraterrestrial origin are concentrated in a huge number, mainly represented by asteroids and small planets. It is these fragments irregular shape in human culture, they are considered the remains of the protoplanet Phaeton, which died billions of years ago as a result of a large-scale cataclysm.

In fact, there is an opinion in scientific circles that the asteroid belt was formed as a result of the destruction of a comet. Astronomers have discovered large asteroid Themis and on the minor planets Ceres and Vesta, which are the largest objects in the asteroid belt, the presence of water. The ice found on the surface of asteroids may indicate the cometary nature of the formation of these cosmic bodies.

Previously, Pluto, belonging to the number of large planets, is not considered a full-fledged planet today.

Pluto, which was previously ranked among the large planets of the solar system, is now translated into the size of dwarf celestial bodies revolving around the sun. Pluto, along with Haumea and Makemake, the largest dwarf planets, is in the Kuiper belt.

These dwarf planets of the solar system are located in the Kuiper belt. The region between the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud is the most distant from the Sun, but even there space is not empty. In 2005, the most distant celestial body in our solar system, the dwarf planet Eridu, was discovered there. The process of exploring the most distant regions of our solar system continues. The Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud are hypothetically the boundary regions of our star system, the visible boundary. This cloud of gas is one light year from the Sun and is the area where comets, wandering satellites of our star, are born.

Characteristics of the planets of the solar system

The terrestrial group of planets is represented by the planets closest to the Sun - Mercury and Venus. These two space bodies The solar system, despite the similarity in physical structure with our planet, is a hostile environment for us. Mercury is the smallest planet in our star system and is closest to the Sun. The heat of our star literally incinerates the surface of the planet, practically destroying the atmosphere on it. The distance from the surface of the planet to the Sun is 57,910,000 km. In size, only 5 thousand km in diameter, Mercury is inferior to most of the large satellites that are dominated by Jupiter and Saturn.

Saturn's satellite Titan has a diameter of over 5,000 km, Jupiter's satellite Ganymede has a diameter of 5265 km. Both satellites are second only to Mars in size.

The very first planet rushes around our star at great speed, making a complete revolution around our star in 88 Earth days. It is almost impossible to notice this small and nimble planet in the starry sky due to the close presence of the solar disk. Among the terrestrial planets, it is on Mercury that the largest daily temperature drops are observed. While the surface of the planet facing the Sun heats up to 700 degrees Celsius, the reverse side of the planet is immersed in universal cold with temperatures up to -200 degrees.

The main difference between Mercury and all the planets of the solar system is its internal structure. Mercury has the largest iron-nickel inner core, which accounts for 83% of the mass of the entire planet. However, even the uncharacteristic quality did not allow Mercury to have its own natural satellites.

Next to Mercury is the closest planet to us, Venus. The distance from Earth to Venus is 38 million km, and it is very similar to our Earth. The planet has almost the same diameter and mass, slightly inferior in these parameters to our planet. However, in all other respects, our neighbor is fundamentally different from our space home. The period of revolution of Venus around the Sun is 116 Earth days, and the planet rotates extremely slowly around its own axis. The average temperature of the surface of Venus rotating around its axis for 224 Earth days is 447 degrees Celsius.

Like its predecessor, Venus is devoid of the physical conditions conducive to the existence of known life forms. The planet is surrounded dense atmosphere, consisting mainly of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Both Mercury and Venus are the only planets in the solar system that do not have natural satellites.

The Earth is the last of the inner planets of the solar system, located at a distance of about 150 million km from the Sun. Our planet makes one revolution around the sun in 365 days. It rotates around its own axis in 23.94 hours. The Earth is the first of the celestial bodies, located on the way from the Sun to the periphery, which has a natural satellite.

Digression: The astrophysical parameters of our planet are well studied and known. Earth is the largest and densest planet of all the other inner planets in the solar system. It is here that natural physical conditions have been preserved under which the existence of water is possible. Our planet has a stable magnetic field that holds the atmosphere. Earth is the most well-studied planet. The subsequent study is mainly of not only theoretical interest, but also practical.

Closes the parade of planets of the terrestrial group Mars. The subsequent study of this planet is mainly not only of theoretical interest, but also of practical interest, connected with the development of extraterrestrial worlds by man. Astrophysicists are attracted not only by the relative proximity of this planet to the Earth (on average 225 million km), but also by the absence of complex climatic conditions. The planet is surrounded by an atmosphere, although it is in an extremely rarefied state, it has its own magnetic field and temperature drops on the surface of Mars are not as critical as on Mercury and Venus.

Like the Earth, Mars has two satellites - Phobos and Deimos, the natural nature of which is Lately is being questioned. Mars is the last fourth planet with a solid surface in the solar system. Following the asteroid belt, which is a kind of inner boundary of the solar system, the realm of gas giants begins.

The largest cosmic celestial bodies in our solar system

The second group of planets that make up the system of our star has bright and large representatives. These are the largest objects in our solar system and are considered outer planets. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are the most distant from our star, and their astrophysical parameters are enormous by earthly standards. These celestial bodies differ in their massiveness and composition, which is mainly of a gas nature.

The main beauties of the solar system are Jupiter and Saturn. total weight this pair of giants would be quite enough to fit in it the mass of all known celestial bodies in the solar system. So Jupiter is the most big planet The solar system - weighs 1876.64328 1024 kg, and the mass of Saturn is 561.80376 1024 kg. These planets have the most natural satellites. Some of them, Titan, Ganymede, Callisto and Io, are the largest satellites in the solar system and are comparable in size to the terrestrial planets.

The largest planet in the solar system - Jupiter - has a diameter of 140 thousand km. In many respects, Jupiter is more like a failed star - a vivid example of the existence of a small solar system. This is evidenced by the size of the planet and astrophysical parameters - Jupiter is only 10 times smaller than our star. The planet rotates around its own axis quite quickly - only 10 Earth hours. The number of satellites, of which 67 pieces have been identified to date, is also striking. The behavior of Jupiter and its moons is very similar to the model of the solar system. Such a number of natural satellites for one planet raises a new question, how many planets of the solar system were at an early stage of its formation. It is assumed that Jupiter, having a powerful magnetic field, turned some of the planets into its natural satellites. Some of them - Titan, Ganymede, Callisto and Io - are the largest satellites of the solar system and are comparable in size to the terrestrial planets.

Slightly inferior in size to Jupiter is its smaller brother, the gas giant Saturn. This planet, like Jupiter, consists mainly of hydrogen and helium - gases that are the basis of our star. With its size, the diameter of the planet is 57 thousand km, Saturn also resembles a protostar that has stopped in its development. The number of satellites of Saturn is slightly inferior to the number of satellites of Jupiter - 62 versus 67. On the satellite of Saturn, Titan, as well as on Io, the satellite of Jupiter, there is an atmosphere.

In other words, the largest planets Jupiter and Saturn, with their systems of natural satellites, strongly resemble small solar systems, with their clearly defined center and system of movement of celestial bodies.

The two gas giants are followed by cold and dark worlds, the planets Uranus and Neptune. These celestial bodies are located at a distance of 2.8 billion km and 4.49 billion km. from the Sun, respectively. Due to their great distance from our planet, Uranus and Neptune were discovered relatively recently. Unlike the other two gas giants, Uranus and Neptune have a large amount of frozen gases - hydrogen, ammonia and methane. These two planets are also called ice giants. Uranus is smaller than Jupiter and Saturn and is the third largest planet in the solar system. The planet represents the cold pole of our star system. The average temperature on the surface of Uranus is -224 degrees Celsius. Uranus differs from other celestial bodies revolving around the Sun by a strong inclination of its own axis. The planet seems to be rolling, revolving around our star.

Like Saturn, Uranus is surrounded by a hydrogen-helium atmosphere. Neptune, unlike Uranus, has a different composition. The presence of methane in the atmosphere is indicated by the blue color of the spectrum of the planet.

Both planets slowly and majestically move around our star. Uranus orbits the Sun in 84 Earth years, and Neptune circles our star twice as long - 164 Earth years.

Finally

Our solar system is a huge mechanism in which each planet, all the satellites of the solar system, asteroids and other celestial bodies move along a clearly defined route. The laws of astrophysics operate here, which have not changed for 4.5 billion years. Dwarf planets move along the outer edges of our solar system in the Kuiper belt. Comets are frequent guests of our star system. These space objects with a frequency of 20-150 years visit the inner regions of the solar system, flying in the visibility zone from our planet.

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The idea that our solar system was deliberately built the way we know it is not new. It has been discussed by scientists for some time, but information about these discussions and their conclusions, to put it mildly, is not popularized.

In 2005, in the Northern Caucasus in Nizhny Arkhyz, in a special astrophysical observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Conference"Horizons of Astronomy: The Search for Extraterrestrial Civilizations". Correspondent Andrey Moiseenko talks about it in a very interesting article “Did aliens build the solar system?”. He writes that many scientists are “firmly convinced that life in the Universe did not appear only on Earth. And in billions of other star systems there are planets where you can find some kind of living creature: from the simplest unicellular to obscenely developed, such as humanity. Or even smarter…”

We will give here a few fragments from this article that directly relate to the issues we cover.

“... It turns out that astronomers in last years there are more and more reasons to assert that the structure of the solar system is anomalous, and a version has appeared that it was created ... artificially.

As of September of this year, 168 planets have been discovered in the star systems closest to us, - says the head. Laboratory of the Department of Planetary Physics of the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics. Sciences Leonid Ksanfomality. - Planetary systems there are built according to the principle - the largest planet is located closest to its sun. There is a clear pattern: the smaller the planet, the farther it is from its star. In our country, little Mercury “spins” near the Sun. And the orbits of the giant planets Jupiter and Saturn are far from the star. Of course, there are scientific models that justify such an anomalous arrangement. But in practice, in telescopes, astronomers have not found similar systems.

Perhaps systems like ours exist, we have studied only a tiny piece of the “sky”, suggests Dr. Xanfomality. “But still, the formation of Jupiter in its current orbit is an extremely unlikely phenomenon ...”

“... A couple of decades ago, only a scientist who did not care about his reputation could “blame” on extraterrestrial civilizations interference in the structure of the solar system. - Says senior researcher at the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Candidate of Physics and Mathematics. Sciences Sergey Yazev. But you can't argue with facts. Suppose that we are studying the solar system “from the outside”, from one of the star systems. And what is left to think, seeing we have a lot of “strange patterns”? Of course, each of them can be found some scientific reasonable explanation, to build a model. But in practice, stellar systems similar to the anomalous solar system have not yet been discovered. Perhaps, when stronger telescopes appear, everything will change, but now a model of artificial interference can also be suggested as an explanation. If we assume that intelligent life in the Universe necessarily exists, then this version is no worse than others ... "

In fact, there are many more mysteries in our solar system. Many of them are quite difficult to understand without special education. But there are even more of them, the essence of which is quite easy to understand. You just need to think a little about the content of the material presented and try to draw conclusions based on of sound mind, and not on the dubious authorities of some "scientists". This is what Fyodor Dergachev did. Last year (2009) he published an article titled “Results of Internet Research “An Artifact Named ‘Solar System’””. In this article, he cited a lot of materials on the topic that interested him, found on the Web, systematized these materials and provided them with small comments. And the opportunity to draw conclusions left to the readers themselves. We will give a few short fragments from his article.

“... The question of possible artificial interference in the formation of the solar system is far from new. Back in 1993, Candidate of Technical Sciences Alim Voitsekhovsky published the book "The Solar System - a Creation of the Mind?" Senior Researcher at the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Candidate of Phys.-Math. Sci. Sergey Yazev wrote an article “Occam’s Razor and the Structure of the Solar System” five years ago, considering a model of artificial interference in the formation of planetary orbits billions of years ago…

Materials on the anomalies of the planets, as well as their satellites, have accumulated quite enough. I would like to present them within the framework of a coherent and obvious logical construction for readers. Thus, the idea was born to use the phenomenon of resonance, which permeates the entire solar system, to “structure” the topic…

“The motion of Mercury is coordinated with the motion of the Earth. From time to time, Mercury is in inferior conjunction with the Earth. This is the name given to the situation when the Earth and Mercury are on the same side of the Sun, lining up with it on the same straight line. Inferior conjunction repeats every 116 days, which coincides with the time of two full revolutions of Mercury and, meeting with the Earth, Mercury always faces it with the same side. But what kind of force makes Mercury align not with the Sun, but with the Earth. Or is it a coincidence? More weirdness in the rotation of Venus...

Venus has many unsolvable mysteries. Why doesn't she have magnetic field and radiation belts? Why is water from the bowels of a heavy and heated planet not squeezed out into the atmosphere, as happened on Earth? Why does Venus rotate not from west to east, like all planets, but from east to west? Maybe she turned upside down and her north pole became south? Or did someone throw it into orbit, having previously twisted it in the other direction? And the most striking, and for the Earth, also the eternal mockery of the “morning star”: with a frequency of 584 days, it approaches the Earth at a minimum distance, ending up in inferior conjunction, and at these moments Venus always faces the Earth with the same side. This strange look, eye to eye, cannot be explained in terms of classical celestial mechanics.”

“The orbit of Saturn shows a 2:5 resonance with respect to Jupiter, the formula “2W of Jupiter - 5W of Saturn = 0” belongs to Laplace ... It is known that the orbit of Uranus has a resonance of 1:3 with respect to Saturn, the orbit of Neptune has a resonance of 1:2 with respect to Uranus, 1:3 regarding Neptune. In the book by L.V. Xanfomality "Parade of the Planets" indicates that the structure of the solar system, apparently, was determined by Jupiter, since the parameters of the orbits of all planets are in the correct ratios with its orbit. Works are also mentioned there, which state that the formation of Jupiter in its current orbit is an unlikely phenomenon. Apparently, despite the large number of ... models that explain the resonant properties of the solar system, one can also keep in mind the model of artificial interference.

("Occam's Razor and the Structure of the Solar System").

Returning to the topic of resonances, it should be noted that the Moon is also celestial body, one side of which is constantly facing our planet (which, in fact, means “the equality of the period of the Moon’s revolution around the Earth to the period of its rotation around its axis) ...

And the record holder for resonances is, of course, the Pluto-Charon pair. They rotate, always facing the same sides to each other. For designers of space elevators, they would be an ideal testing ground for technology development ...

The next step, quite logically, was to consider the anomalies of other satellites, whose axial rotation is synchronous with the orbital one. There were a great many of them, or, to be more precise, almost all of them. Astronomical sites state that the satellites of the Earth, Mars, Saturn (except Hyperion, Phoebe and Ymir), Uranus, Neptune (except Nereid) and Pluto are synchronously revolving around their planets (always facing them with one side). In the Jupiter system, such a rotation is characteristic of a significant part of the satellites, including all the Galilean ones. Synchronous rotation is most often explained by tidal interactions. However, there are questions…”

For sane people, this information will be quite enough to think hard and come to the conclusion that in nature there cannot be such a number of anomalies and coincidences! That larger planets cannot be farther from a star than smaller ones. That the orbits of all the planets cannot lie in the same plane and cannot be circles. That the distance from a star to any planet cannot be calculated by the simplest formula, understandable even to a schoolboy. That almost all satellites cannot rotate around their axis synchronously with orbital rotation, i.e. all the time to be turned to your planet by the same side! Can not!

This is absolutely impossible in the wild!

Certainty about the uniqueness of our solar system appeared recently, when they were able to explore open "exoplanets" (planets orbiting other stars) and found that in other solar systems everything is completely different from ours. Recently, a small note appeared on this topic called “The solar system was born in unique conditions”:

“U.S. and Canadian scientists have shown through computer simulations that unique conditions were needed to form the solar system, and it is a very special case among other planetary systems. The results of the study are published in the journal Science. Most of the previous theoretical models explaining the formation of the solar system from a protoplanetary disk of gas and dust were based on the assumption that our system is "average" in all respects. In recent decades, about 300 exoplanets have been discovered - planets orbiting other stars. Summarizing these data, astronomers from the American Northwestern University (Illinois) and the Canadian University of Guelph came to the conclusion that the solar system is in many ways a unique case and that very special conditions are needed for its formation.

– The solar system was born in special conditions to become the calm place that we see. The vast majority of other planetary systems did not meet these special conditions at the time of their appearance, and are very different, says lead author of the study, astronomy professor Frederic Rasio, quoted in a press release from Northwestern University. – Now we know that other planetary systems are not at all like the solar system… The shape of the orbits of exoplanets is elongated, not circular. The planets are not where we expect them to be. Many Jupiter-like giant planets, known as “hot Jupiters,” get so close to the stars that they orbit them in a matter of days… Such a turbulent history leaves very little chance of a quiet solar system like ours, and our models confirm this. Certain conditions must be exactly met in order for the solar system to appear ... We also know that our solar system is special, and we understand what makes it special ... "

These scientists, as always, are not very precise and strict in their conclusions. And they hardly understand "what makes it special." In fact, our solar system was NOT born under unique conditions. She was artificially made so “unique” - as adapted as possible for a long and safe life. Nevertheless, the results of these studies may well serve as proof that preparations for the colonization of Midgard-earth were most likely carried out for more than one hundred thousand years. It is very likely that this preparation included not only the creation or delivery of the necessary moons, but also the correction of the orbits of all the planets of our solar system, and the colonization of Dei and Mars, and probably much more that we have no idea about.