Nomination "Water in the house"

1. Introduction

2. Purpose

3. Tasks

4. Relevance

5. Conclusion

6. Application

Introduction

Fresh water in the world is only 3%. These reserves are depleted, fresh water is becoming less and less. Water is one of the main resources on earth. It is hard to imagine what would happen to our planet if fresh water disappeared. But such a threat exists. All living things suffer from polluted water, it is harmful to human life. Therefore, water is our main wealth, we must protect it! We decided to learn how to conserve water and learn how to use it carefully. Therefore, the topic of the study was chosen: "Why water should be protected by nature."

Objective:education of respect for fresh water.

Tasks:

• Learn about fresh water resources.
• Find out where we are losing water.
• Determine how to eliminate water loss.

Hypothesis:If every person conserves water, then we will lose less fresh water.

Object of study: fresh water.

Subject of study: ways to save fresh water.

Approximate duration of the project : 5-6 months

Materials and resources required for the project:

Technologies - equipment:

1. Camera; 2. Computer; 3. Internet; 4. Printer; 5. Video camera; 6. Others: a tape recorder for listening to music in nature; organization of games with the child.

Resources:Conducting excursions to the river, water canal.

Methods:

• independent thinking,
• Reading books,
• search for information on the Internet,
• surveillance,
• experiment.

Relevance

Water- a colorless liquid that has neither taste nor smell, an active solvent with a large surface tension. At runtime design work the child is introduced to physical properties water, as well as how it is necessary to conserve water and why. This project instillsskills of environmentally competent behavior in everyday life, in particular, the ability of a child to use water economically, to understand the need for such an attitude to water as natural resource. Develops observation Creative skills, fosters respect for water. The course of the project is aimed at implementing an activity approach in teaching a preschool child; the focus is on the learning and play needs of the child, the development of self-management skills in learning, self-evaluation and mutual evaluation of success in development and learning. We called our project “Why we need to save water”. The purpose of the development was learning, but not mechanical memorization and reproduction of the material studied by the child, but understanding, comprehension, the ability to explain their position and vision of the harmony of nature with the purity of the water space. By teaching a child to simply turn off the tap behind him, without conveying to him the meaning of the need, without revealing the whole problem, I am raising a neat, but heartless person. Our work was mainly carried out in natural conditions, in nature, at home. Why was the theme “Why we need to save water” chosen? Yes, simply because it interested the child himself, why water should be conserved. Water on Earth is both abundant and scarce at the same time. There is a lot of it in the oceans and seas, but sea salt water is unsuitable for drinking, as well as for many technical industries. Agriculture. Limited fresh water supplies are further reduced due to pollution. Fresh water is suitable for drinking and cooking. It is also used for household needs: watering plants, washing dishes, cars, rooms, washing, caring for animals. Water is essential for all life on earth.

Information from the Internet.

97% of the water on the planet is salt water seas and oceans.

2% of water is ice.

1% of water is fresh water.

3% are suitable for humans. Fresh water reserves are distributed as follows: Fresh water reserves on Earth (3%).

69-75% - Arctic, Antarctic, Greenland, mountain glaciers, icebergs.

24-30% - groundwater.

0.5% - atmospheric moisture.

0.5% - surface water.

Interesting facts about water.

If you use a glass when brushing your teeth, you save 5-10 liters of water.

A fully open faucet drains up to 15 liters of water per minute.

About 1000 liters of water per hour are poured through an open tap.

Even the smallest leak carries away up to 80 liters of water per day.

It takes about 100 liters of water to wash a pile of dirty dishes under a strong jet.

When washing a car with a hose, up to 200 liters of water are consumed.

When water leaks in the toilet, 40 liters of water are lost per day.

Taking a shower for 5 minutes, you consume about 100 liters of water

Filling the bath only up to half, you consume 150 liters of water

Taking a bath requires three times more water than a shower.

TOPICS OF OBSERVATIONS AND SEARCH TASKS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT.

Preparatory stage.

Selection of material, benefits, literature on the theme.

Conducting a conversation with a child regarding water consumption: “Who needs water”, “Why save water”, “The importance of water in our life”.

Reading a fairy tale about water to a child: B. Zakhoder “How people offended the river.”

Watching the cartoon "Kuzya Brownie".

Research stage.

During the project, the child together with the adult:

• Checks how water is used, whether there is a water leak at home.
• Random inspections of the condition of water faucets for leakage and economical use of water are carried out.
• He talks: "How we save water at home", "How it gets into the tap."
• Get to know water and its properties.

From this we found out that water enters the tap from a well or river. Only it doesn’t get into the tap right away: those droplets with which we wash our hands have come a long way. First, a person directed from the river (well) to the pipes, where the water was purified and after that it gets to us. In order for clean water to run from our tap, many people had to work hard: some made pipes at the factory, others helped the water get into the pipes, i.e. built a water pipe, the third cleared the water, the fourth repair taps. And sometimes it seems to us that the water itself flows from the tap and there is a lot of it, you can not save, let it pour for yourself! But we now know that water flows into the faucet from the river, and if all people leave the faucets open, what can happen? We began to observe how we use water. It turned out to be unreasonable: We brush our teeth, the tap is open, and water flows in a stream into the sewer. Forget to turn off the faucet. Wash dishes by keeping the faucet open. Close the faucet tightly, and the water slowly drips. A child in the dining room washes his hands by opening the tap all the way.

I observed the tap with the child, which is not tightly closed, and we found out that:

Time	Amount of water
	360 drops = 35 ml

Experiment "Attitude to water"

We calculated how much money you pay at home for water for 1 month, calculated how much it will be for 1 year. It turned out - a lot. Therefore, we decided to conduct an experiment. Recorded water meter readings. Two days used water as before. We noted the new meter readings. And then two days trying to conserve water. And again looked at the readings of the water meter. It turned out that in two days you can save 1 cubic meter of water! This means that by using water wisely, we not only save it, but also save money.

PROPERTIES OF WATER

During the experiments, we found out what the properties of water are: transparent, odorless, colorless, solvent, fluid.

During the work with the project, we conducted experiments and experiments with water. Created a card file with experiments.Having studied the relevant literature on this issue, on water conservation, we conducted interviews among relatives and neighbors. After analyzing the answers of relatives and neighbors, we compiled questionnaires with similar questions in order to find out the attitude of other people to this problem.

Questions: 1. Is water pollution dangerous for humans? 2. Should every person save water?

Answers	Yes	Not	Do not know	Yes	No	Do not know
Relatives
Neighbours

From the results of the table, we concluded that most people are aware of the danger of water pollution for human life and the need for careful attitude to the main wealth of the Earth.

Conclusion.

To reduce water loss, you need to:

• do not leave taps open;
• monitor the serviceability of cranes;
• regulate the strength of the water jet;
• wash dishes in a cup using a minimum of detergent.
• turn off the water while brushing your teeth;
• reduce pressure when washing dishes;
• in the toilet, lower the filling level;
• wash dishes in a cup.

Summarizing. Water conservation rules.

Pay attention to whether water from the tap of the house is flowing in vain. If you notice this, turn off the faucet. Sometimes we waste a lot of water uselessly without noticing it. For example, you wash your hands, wash your face under a strong stream. Turn off the faucet a bit. This will not interfere with washing, and less water will leak. Learn to brush your teeth in such a way that you do not waste water. To do this, leave the faucet open while brushing your teeth and rinsing your mouth. Immediately pour water into a glass and turn off the faucet. It is very convenient to rinse your mouth out of a cup. How much water will you save? If water is leaking due to a malfunctioning faucet or column, you must immediately inform an adult. Do not litter on the banks of rivers, do not wash cars in them.

Conclusions:

In the course of the study, we expanded our knowledge about water, got acquainted with the causes of pollution of water bodies and measures for their protection, learned how to take care of water and save it.

Maybe,it will be decided in the future global problem humanity. After all, before you change the world, start changing yourself.

Appendix.

First experience.

Purpose: To find out what happens to water during the freezing process.

14.02.2018

Since drinking water is an indispensable component of nutrition for all living organisms, from single-celled bacteria to a rational person, it is important to use it expediently for the benefit of life. Before you once again pour it into the street, think - what can such an appeal lead to?

Some details

Fresh water reserves on the planet are rapidly declining. This is tirelessly broadcast by qualified environmentalists who urge the inhabitants of the Earth to reconsider their habits and not pour jugs of life-giving moisture recklessly. According to average statistics, an ordinary Muscovite uses more than a hundred liters a day! This is not only a simple quenching of thirst, but also cooking, hot drinks, bathing in the bath and shower, using the bathroom and much more. If you multiply this figure by the number of residents of the capital, you can be horrified by the resulting amount. In the world, only 1% of the total amount of water reserves is suitable for domestic use. Salty seas and oceans cannot be recycled and used for human consumption, and many technical tasks cannot be accomplished with them either. Having made simple calculations, one can understand that soon even the usual water cycle and water treatment will not be able to save us from an ecological catastrophe.

What awaits in the future?

Much-needed water supplies cannot be replaced by anything else. Biologists testify: human body more than half consists of liquid, and a decrease in its amount inevitably leads to death. Animals and plants will also not be able to live in a drought for more than a few weeks, so the complete disappearance of drinking resources will mean the death of all life on the planet. If you look at the problem on a smaller scale, then the lack of moisture will negatively affect the development of the industrial industry. Many factories and industries will not be able to work without the energy generated by hydroelectric power plants.

Where to start a useful business?

First of all, review your habits. Between taking a bath and a simple wash in the shower, it is better to choose the second option. It will not only reduce water consumption, but also give a charge of vivacity for the coming day. Purchase specialized plumbing parts that aim to not only reduce resource use but also save on utility bills. By the way, it is worth noting that the reduction in the amount of drinking water on the planet is directly proportional to the increase in tariffs. The more each person consumes liquids, the higher will be its cost for individuals and legal organizations. Don't want to pay crazy amounts for your morning wash? Then you need to make some changes in the usual alignment of life. Going to relax on the lake? Do not litter the reservoirs and the shore with the remains of life, various garbage and unnecessary things after a fun pastime. The work of filter stations also affects the prices of housing and communal services. Be responsible not only for yourself - tell about the correct behavior to children and family members. Set the right example for colleagues and those around you. If each person becomes more responsible and takes a smarter approach to the issue of water consumption, we will certainly be able to avoid environmental problems and improve our standard of living.

In this material you will find ten simple rules, the implementation of which will allow you to reduce water consumption in your household and make a feasible contribution to conservation water resources planets.

Unfortunately, our civilization causes irreparable damage to the ecosystem of our planet every day. Every day, rains and drains carry tons of waste from human activities into the water resources of our planet - these are fertilizers from the fields, and fuel processing products from highways, and the remains of building materials, and food waste, and biological waste. All this ends up in the same reservoirs from which we take drinking water, where our children bathe and where we fish. The careless use of certain substances can even lead to contamination of groundwater. Therefore, it is necessary to follow some rules, they are few, but they are extremely important.

Save water in your backyard

1. Use of waterproof coatings significantly reduce water loss from your site. Asphalt and concrete surfaces for paths and parking can be replaced with stone or gravel masonry, special lawn grates and wooden decks. A variety of plantings and lawn coverings will also be a nice addition and help conserve water. Planting vegetation below the level of hard surfaces will allow water streams soak the soil under these plants, this will make it possible to save on watering.

2. Landscaping of territories by local representatives of flora help conserve water resources, as these plants are most adapted to natural climatic conditions this region and do not need special care. The use of natural fertilizers, such as compost, peat, bone meal, stimulates plant growth, preserves moisture in the soil and does not adversely affect the environment in general. What's more, using food waste as "food" for the soil is a great way to dispose of this waste.

3. Do not overmoisten the soil. Abundant moistening of steep slopes and narrow strips of soil is ineffective. Therefore, reducing the amount of moisture intended for such landscapes will prevent water from flowing onto roads and sidewalks, saving it for more important purposes. For dense soils with low peat content, drip irrigation and micro-sprinkling systems are appropriate types of moisturizing. Waterlogging of lawns also entails washing out of the fertile soil layer. Watering your plantings before dawn or after sunset will help minimize evaporative moisture loss.

Save water in your home

4. Save water! Everywhere they talk about it, but it doesn’t hurt to remind you - BE CAREFUL WITH WATER. Sensor mixers are very convenient (but not very cheap). Use a different intensity of flushing water in the toilet, depending on the needs. The work of washing machines and dishwashers instead of "manual" labor also reduces water consumption.

5. "Correctly" store and dispose of household and chemical substances. In every dwelling there are such "gifts" chemical industry like solvents, paints, synthetic oils, adhesives, building materials. Many of them contain harmful ammonia, formaldehyde, phenol, petroleum distillates. They are best kept away from sinks, toilets, and downpipes, thus keeping water from becoming contaminated. But such hazardous substances can end up in nearby water bodies. Improper disposal of medicines and personal hygiene items carries the risk of water poisoning with pharmaceutical waste. And then we drink this water. In developed countries, the issue of waste disposal is regulated by state level. Programs for the return of unwanted products to the manufacturing plant turned out to be very effective. At the enterprise, the resulting waste is disposed of responsibly and without harm to environment.

6. Use organic household products. By purchasing household cleaning products that are "friendly" to the environment and water in particular, you not only save nature for future generations, but also prevent the harmful effects of chemicals on your health.

your car

7. Disposal of used engine oil. Never drain used oil into sewers or simply pour it on the ground! One liter of engine oil can "spoil" about 950,000 liters of drinking water! The ideal way to "get rid" of this unnecessary substance and save water is to transfer the "working off" to specialized centers. And so that the working fluids of the car do not spontaneously flow out, it is worth taking care of its timely maintenance.

8. Cultivating "green" car wash principles. Oddly enough, professional car washes are less harmful to the environment than a manual car wash with a bucket, a rag, and questionable detergent. Of course, only on condition that the drain system of "professionals" is organized correctly. This means that the used water circulates in a closed cycle: after passing through the filters and being cleaned, it returns to the washing system again. Otherwise, water enters immediately into sewer systems or spreads over the surface of the earth. The second advantage of professional car washes, in contrast to home “bathing”, is the ability to save half the water, because it will have to be spent half as much! Innovative technologies offer to completely abandon the "source of life", using a waterless sink.

in your society

9. "Pollutants": find and neutralize. Of course, nothing happens in this life. Therefore, to preserve water and other natural gifts, it is not enough to adhere to the rules of "etiquette" in relation to the environment. It is necessary to promote and popularize the correct handling of water among your acquaintances and friends. By teaming up with like-minded people, within the framework of the current legislation, it is possible, for example, to control potentially hazardous industries in terms of their compliance with environmental safety rules.

10. Be socially active. Forewarned is forearmed. It will be extremely useful to learn about ways to protect water resources, current investment programs, fees that pay for the use of water. Beaches and water areas can be cleaned of debris, plants can be planted, and samples can be taken to determine the quality of water in local reservoirs. In a word - to protect the water.

Using even one of the above recommendations, you can bring significant benefits to yourself and society. There is hardly a single representative of the world of fauna or flora that pollutes the environment. Mankind, unlike animals and plants, is endowed with outstanding intellectual abilities. However, we sometimes behave "inadequately" in relation to Mother Nature. But, as they say, "everything ingenious is simple"! Let's just ingeniously SAVE WATER!

For those who are particularly interested in this topic, we have prepared another material in which this topic was expanded more widely and focused only on the household. You can get acquainted with it by clicking on the link - "Save water, or how to save water in the household."

Why should water be conserved?

Lesson on the course "The world around us"

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3rd grade

Goals. Supplement children's ideas about the role of water for humans, reveal the main factors of its pollution; broaden the general horizons of children; to form an attentive and careful attitude towards the environment.

Equipment. Books by A.A. Pleshakov "The World Around Us" (M.: Enlightenment, 1995), "Ecology for Junior Schoolchildren" (M.: Enlightenment, 1995); tables; cards with task texts; acid rain pattern; globe; chlorine; the cloth.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizational moment

II. Reporting the topic and objectives of the lesson

Teacher. Today we are holding a lesson in the form of a "round table" on a topic that is very exciting for all mankind. Representatives of various professions will take part in its discussion: engineers, weather forecasters, biologists, local historians, doctors.

Student 1.

A ship was sailing on the sea.
At that fatal moment
Boiling water
For high stern.
But straight ahead
Through the roar and rumble
Sailor heard
Overboard: "Sentry!"

U. Whose call do you think this is?

Children's responses are heard.

- It turns out that water is calling for help. So, today we have to answer this question.

The teacher opens the board.

On the desk:

Why is it important to conserve and protect water?

III. Discussion of the topic of the lesson

U. Biologists are invited to the discussion first.

Tell children acting as biologists.

biologist 1. If you look at the globe, most of all it has blue paint. Water is represented in blue.
Water is one of the most important substances for humans. No one can do without it and never, and there is nothing to replace it.
The human body, including blood, brain, more than half consists of water. And some plants contain even more of it. It is enough to pick and crush a leaf of a plant in your hands to make sure of this.

Experience is shown.

Diagram 1 is posted on the board.

- Thus, we see that water is part of any organism.

biologist 2. The water is also home to a variety of plants and animals.

Diagram 2 is posted on the board.

- How is their life connected with water?

Children's responses are heard.

- With a lack of water, the life of living beings is greatly disturbed. Plants without water wither and may die. Animals, if deprived of water, quickly die. For example, a dog can live without food for up to 100 days, and without water - no more than 10 days.
A person can live without food for more than a month, without water - only a few days. A person consumes from 3 to 6 liters of water per day.
How do animals and plants adapt to get by with little water, such as in the desert?

Children's responses are heard.

biologist 3.

Don't wash, don't get drunk
Without water.
Leaves won't open
Without water.
Can't live without water
Bird, beast and man!
And so always
Everyone needs water everywhere!

U. So, we can conclude that water is life! An engineer will share his thoughts with us.

Engineer. Water is a friend of man. She is a comfortable road. Boats and ships navigate the rivers and oceans. That is why many cities have long been built on the banks of rivers. Water revitalizes deserts, increases crops. Mineral water has healing properties. Hot springs provide heat, hydroelectric power plants provide electricity.
Water is an important helper for humans.
There are places on Earth where water is worth its weight in gold. Waves are lapping nearby, and people are buying water. Why?

D. Sea water is not suitable for drinking.

U. Well done! Let's give the floor to economists. They have a few questions for us.

Economist 1. How much do you think one cubic meter of water weighs? Can one person lift that much water?

Children's responses are heard.

- 1 cubic meter of water weighs a ton (1000 kg), and 15-20 people or a crane can lift it.

Diagram 3 is posted on the board:

Economist 2. I suggest you solve economic problems.

Children are given cards with texts.

Task 1

The faucet in the apartment is faulty, from which 1 glass of water flows out per hour. How much clean water leaks per day? For 10 days?

Task 2

With a leak from a tap of water, one bucket is collected per day. How many buckets of water will be collected in a week? Per month?

Children give calculations and answer questions from tasks.

Economist 1. We only need clean fresh water to live. Where can we meet her?

Children's responses are heard.

U. But often in life it happens that people forget about the price of water. Let's listen to historians.

Historian 1. I suggest you listen to an old legend about an Armenian stonemason. In a sheer rock, he drilled a hole from which flowed a thin stream of life-giving moisture. On the rock, he carved the words that this rock is sacred and that the hole in it cannot be expanded. And yet, centuries later, there was a man who, for the sake of momentary profit, expanded the hole. The water went stronger, noisier. The man was declared a hero. But his fame was short-lived. Soon the spring dried up, and behind it the village "dry up".

How do you understand the words "the village dried up"?

D. Since there was no place to get water, people began to leave their homes, and the village ceased to exist, that is, it "dried up".

Historian 2. Thus, natural sources of water cannot be considered inexhaustible. Read the proverbs different nations. They lived far apart, but everyone valued water. Explain the meaning of the proverbs.

On the desk:

Children's responses are heard.

U. Ecologists will express their point of view.

Ecologist 1. There is less and less clean water on Earth. Plants and factories, power plants consume a lot of water and at the same time pollute it with production waste.
Fish, plants, animals - all living things die in such water. Dirty water poisons the air and causes disease. But is there a limit to water pollution? Because it can't go on forever.
Saving water means protecting life, health, and the beauty of the world around us.

Ecologist 2. As long as not a lot of harmful impurities got into the water bodies, complete pollution did not occur. Why? Because water has an amazing ability to purify itself.
It looks something like this: harmful impurities settle to the bottom, decompose, are destroyed by bacteria, diluted with fresh water (since water is a good solvent) and become harmless.
This can continue as long as the waters are not polluted very quickly and not in large quantities. But in our time, more and more wastewater is discharged into water bodies. Water does not have time to self-purify.

U. The word of local history.

Local historian. Listen!

The river flowed along the outskirts,
Quiet...
But we loved her - the children.
She was the first
For us and, therefore,
The best in the world.
Now it's full of rubbish
And rust and slime
Green, and marsh horsetail crawled out ...
It's like people have a goal
Kill her -
And they got their way.

What body of water in our area can be described by these lines? Prove it.

Children remember an excursion to a local reservoir: the state of a pond or river, sources of pollution.

– What are the consequences of all this?

Children's responses are heard.

U. For more information about diseases caused by contaminated water, we can ask your doctor.

Doctor. Why can't you drink water straight from the tap?

Children's responses are heard.

- Water that flows from the tap is chlorinated. This is done so that pathogenic microbes die in the water. In spring and autumn, chlorine is often felt in the water both in smell and taste, at the same time the water is cloudy due to the presence of other impurities in it. See how chlorine works on different fabrics.

An experiment is demonstrated during which chlorine is dripped onto various pieces of fabric.

- Once in the body, chlorine harms a person, of course, not as quickly and clearly as it is shown in the experiment. But the internal tissues of our body are also destroyed. Therefore, it is better to drink water filtered or, according to at least, settled and boiled.

U. The forecasters have a question too.

Synoptic. Why can't you walk without an umbrella in the rain?

Children's responses are heard.

– In our time, when there are many industrial enterprises around cities and towns, walking in the rain has become unsafe. Precipitation is often found in the form of dilute nitric or sulfurous acid.
All this is due to environmental pollution. You ask: what is the connection between industrial enterprises and rain? Let's see. We have a factory. It emits gaseous waste products from its pipes into the air. They rise up and settle in the clouds. The wind will blow and carry the clouds away from the factory. Then it will rain from the clouds, and with its drops harmful substances will fall on our heads.

On the desk:

Acid rain causes great harm to nature and human health. Water in the seas, rivers and lakes becomes unsuitable for life.

In Canada, for example, more than 4,000 lakes have been declared dead due to frequent acid rain. In Norway, fish have disappeared from half of the lakes in the southern part of the country.

Acid rain corrodes not only all living things, but also metal structures (bridges, aircraft).

IV. Lesson summary

U. Let's answer the question posed at the beginning of the lesson: why should water be saved and protected?

Children. Water is part of every organism.
“Water is life, beauty and health.
“Water is the helper of man.
– The amount of water is limited.
- The water is polluted.

Student 2.

O people, I think
We all have one mother
Named Nature!

Student 3.

She has enough kindness for everyone,
And we live, capturing forever
In the soul of her beautiful features -
Fields, meadows, forests, seas and rivers.

Student 4.

Nature has three treasures:
Water, earth and air are its three foundations.
Whatever trouble comes,
Everything will be reborn.

U. In the next lesson, we will continue our discussion and try to identify those measures that can help save our planet from destruction.

Children are asked to imagine a cube with a side of 1 m, inside which water is poured.

Vera Zubkova
The project "Why we need to save water"?

VELICHKO Valeria Vitalievna

Krasnodar region, Tbilisi region, village Novovladimirovskaya

MBDOU d / s No. 10 "Ivushka" preschool group

Cognitive - research project

Topic: « Why you need to save water» .

caregiver: Zubkova Vera Alexandrovna, MBDOU d / s No. 10 "Ivushka".

"Annotation"

Increased attention to environmental issues water resources, on the solution of which the future of each person depends, was the reason that prompted preschoolers to form an idea of ​​the importance of water in human life, of their interconnection and interdependence. Having taught a child to simply close the tap behind him, without conveying to him the meaning of the need for this, we will not reveal the whole problem. Our goal project is education careful relationship with fresh water. At runtime design of work there is an acquaintance with the physical properties of water and how it is necessary conserve water and why. Project allows you to expand children's ideas about water, its value and benefits; to acquaint with the process of saving water; develop the ability to observe, compare, summarize.

Project designed for preschool teachers educational institutions, parents, and everyone who is interested in the problem of familiarizing children preschool age with the importance of water in human life.

Introduction

Fresh water in the world is only 3%. These reserves are depleted, fresh water is becoming less and less. Water is one of the main resources on earth. It is hard to imagine what would happen to our planet if fresh water disappeared. But such a threat exists. All living things suffer from polluted water, it is harmful to human life. That's why water- our main wealth, must be protected! We decided to find out how save water and learn use it carefully. That's why we chose the topic research: « Why water should be conserved» .

Objective: upbringing careful relationship with fresh water.

Tasks:

Learn about fresh water resources.

Find out where we're losing water.

Determine how to eliminate water loss.

Hypothesis: if each person will save water, then we will lose less fresh water.

Object of study: fresh water.

Subject of study: ways fresh water savings.

Approximate duration project: short-term - 2 weeks.

Materials and resources needed for project:

Technologies - equipment:

1. Camera; 2. Computer; 3. Internet; 4. Printer;

Other: a tape recorder for listening to music in nature; organization of games with the child.

Resources: Conducting an excursion to the river, water canal.

Methods:

independent thinking,

Reading books,

search for information on the Internet,

surveillance,

experiment.

Water is a colorless liquid that has neither taste nor smell, an active solvent with a high surface tension. At runtime design work, the child gets acquainted with the physical properties of water, as well as conserve water and why. The project instills the skills of environmentally competent behavior in everyday life, in particular the ability of the child to economically use water understand the need for such an attitude to water as a natural resource. Develops observation, creativity, educates respect for water. move project aimed at implementing an activity approach in teaching a preschool child; the focus is on the learning and play needs of the child, the development of self-management skills in learning, self-evaluation and mutual evaluation of success in development and learning. Our we named the project« Why you need to conserve water» . The purpose of the development was learning, but not mechanical memorization and reproduction of the material studied by the child, but understanding, comprehension, the ability to explain their position and vision of the harmony of nature with the purity of the water space. By teaching a child to simply turn off the tap behind him, without conveying to him the meaning of the need, without revealing the whole problem, I am raising a neat, but heartless person. Our work was mainly carried out in natural conditions, in nature, at home. Why the theme was chosen« Why you need to conserve water» ? Yes, simply because it interested the child himself, why should water be conserved. Water on Earth is both abundant and scarce at the same time. There is a lot of it in the oceans and seas, but sea salt water is unsuitable for drinking, as well as for many technical agricultural productions. Limited fresh water supplies are further reduced due to pollution. Fresh water is suitable for drinking and cooking. It is also used for business needs: watering plants, washing dishes, cars, premises, washing, caring for animals. Water is essential for all life on earth.

Information from the Internet.

97% of the water on the planet is the salty waters of the seas and oceans.

2% of water is ice.

1% of water is fresh water.

3% are suitable for humans. Fresh water reserves distributed So: Earth's fresh water supply (3 %) .

69-75% - Arctic, Antarctic, Greenland, mountain glaciers, icebergs.

24-30% - groundwater.

0.5% - atmospheric moisture.

0.5% - surface water.

Interesting facts about water.

If you use a glass when brushing your teeth, then 5-10 liters of water are saved;

A fully open faucet leaves up to 15 liters of water per minute;

About 1000 liters of water per hour are poured through an open tap;

Even the smallest leak carries away up to 80 liters of water per day;

It takes about 100 liters of water to wash a pile of dirty dishes under a strong jet;

When washing a car with a hose, up to 200 liters of water are consumed;

When water leaks in the toilet, 40 liters of water are consumed per day;

Taking a shower for 5 minutes, you spend about 100 liters of water;

Filling the bath only up to half, you spend 150 liters of water;

Bath necessary three times more water than for a shower.

TOPICS OF OBSERVATIONS AND SEARCH TASKS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT.

Preparatory stage.

1. A selection of material, manuals, experiments and experiences on the topic.

2. Having a conversation with the child about spending water: "Who Needs Water", "Why save water» , "The Importance of Water in Our Lives".

3. Reading a fairy tale to a child about water: B. Zakhoder "How people offended the river".

4. Watching a cartoon "Domovenok Kuzya". (Appendix No. 1)

Research stage.

During project child along with adults:

Checks how water is used, whether there is a water leak at home.

Random inspections of the condition of water faucets for leakage and economical use of water are carried out.

chatting: "Like us save water at home» , "How She Gets Into The Faucet".

Get to know water and its properties.

From this we found out that water enters the tap from a well or river. Only she does not fall into the tap straightaway: those droplets with which we wash our hands have come a long way. First from the river (wells) man sent to the pipes, where water cleared and after that it gets to us. In order for clean water to run from our tap, many people had to work hard people: some made pipes at the factory, others helped the water get into the pipes, i.e. built a water supply system, others cleaned water, the fourth repair cranes. And sometimes it seems to us that the water itself flows from the tap and there is a lot of it, you can not save, let it pour for yourself! But we now know that water flows into the faucet from the river, and if all people leave the faucets open, what can happen? We began to observe how we use water. It turned out, unreasonable: We brush our teeth, the tap is open, and water flows into the sewer in a jet. Forget to turn off the faucet. Wash dishes by keeping the faucet open. Close the faucet tightly, and the water slowly drips. A child in the dining room washes his hands by opening the tap all the way.

An observation was made of the tap, which was not tightly closed, and it was found out that 6 drops of water had flowed in 1 minute; in 1 hour - 35 ml of water; for 1 day - 840 ml; for 1 month - 25l 200ml of water.

Experiment "Attitude to Water"

We calculated how much money you pay, at home for water for 1 month, calculated how much it will be in 1 year. It turned out - a lot. Therefore, we decided to conduct an experiment. Recorded water meter readings. Two days used water as before. We noted the new meter readings. And then they tried for two days save water. And again looked at the readings of the water meter. It turned out that in two days you can save 1 cubic meter of water! So, using water wisely, we not only save it but also save money. (Annex 2)

Interview "Properties of Water"

During the experiments, we found out what properties are water: transparent, odorless, colorless, solvent, fluid.

While working with project conducted experiments and experiments with water. Created a card file with experiments. Based on the relevant literature on the subject, water conservation, we interviewed relatives and neighbors. After analyzing the answers of relatives and neighbors, we compiled questionnaires with similar questions in order to find out the attitude of other people to this problem.

Questions: 1. Is water pollution dangerous for humans? 2. Should each person save water?

From the results of the table, we concluded that most people are aware of the danger of water pollution for human life and the need careful relation to the main wealth of the Earth. (Appendix No. 3)

Conducting experiments and experiments:

First experience. (Appendix No. 4)

Target

Second experience. (Appendix No. 5)

Target

Third experience. (Appendix No. 6)

Target

Fourth experience. (Appendix No. 7)

Target

Fifth experience. (Appendix No. 8)

Target

Sixth experience. (Appendix No. 9)

Target water?

Seventh experience. (Appendix No. 10)

Target: Steam is also water.

Eight experience. (Appendix No. 11)

Target

Ninth experience. (Appendix No. 12)

Target

Conclusion.

During the implementation project we(teachers and parents) expanded children's knowledge about water, introduced them to the properties of water, aimed at the rational use of water, respect for her.

To reduce water loss, necessary:

Do not leave taps open;

Monitor the serviceability of cranes;

Regulate the strength of the water jet;

Wash dishes in a cup using a minimum of detergent.

turn off water while we brush our teeth;

Reduce pressure when washing dishes;

In the toilet, lower the fill level;

Wash dishes in a bowl.

rules respect for water.

Pay attention to whether water from the tap of the house is flowing in vain. If you notice this, turn off the faucet. Sometimes we waste a lot of water uselessly without noticing it. For example, you wash your hands, wash your face under a strong stream. Turn off the faucet a bit. This will not interfere with washing, and less water will leak. Learn to brush your teeth so as not to waste water. To do this, leave the faucet open while brushing your teeth and rinsing your mouth. Pour right away water in a glass and turn off the faucet. It is very convenient to rinse your mouth out of a cup. How much water do you save! If water is leaking due to a faucet or column failure, necessary notify an adult immediately. Don't litter on river banks Do not wash cars in them.

In the course of the study, we expanded our knowledge about water, got acquainted with the causes of pollution of water bodies and measures for their protection, learned carefully treat water and save it.

Perhaps this will solve the global problem of mankind in the future. After all, before you change the world, start changing yourself.

List of used literature:

1. Life around us / Avdeeva N. N., Stepanova G. B. - Yaroslavl: Academy of Development, 2003.

2. Ecology - health // Preschool education / Alekseeva E. N. - 2000. - No. 7. - P. 15-20.

3. environmental knowledge- preschoolers. //Preschool education / Bobyleva L.K. - 1997. - No. 7. - P. 16-19.

4. Welcome to ecology / Voronkevich O. A. - St. Petersburg: "Childhood Press", 2001.

5. Our home is nature. Magic water / N. A. Ryzhova - M, 1997.

Application No. 1

1. Tale of water "How people offended the river".

B. Zakhoder

Story "How people offended the river"

Once upon a time there was a blue river with clean, clear water. She was very cheerful and loved it when guests came to her. "Look how clean, cool, beautiful I am. How many tenants in my water: and fish, and crayfish, and birds, and beetles. I invite you to visit, come swim, relax. I will be glad to see you, "said Rechka. One day dad, mom and boy Kostya came to visit her. The family settled down on shore and began to rest: sunbathe and swim. First, dad made a fire, then he caught a lot of fish. Mom picked up a huge bouquet of beautiful white water lilies, but they quickly withered and had to be thrown away. Kostya pulled out a lot of shells from the river, scattered them around shore, and some were smashed with a stone to find out what these shells have inside. Then he caught a frog and killed it because he didn't like frogs. And he also crushed a large black beetle, which inadvertently appeared nearby. When the family was about to go home, dad threw all the empty cans into the river, mom hid dirty bags and papers in the bushes. She was very fond of cleanliness and did not tolerate garbage in her house.

When the guests left, the blue River turned gray, became sad and never again invited anyone to visit her.

2. Watching a cartoon "Domovyonok Kuzya".

Application No. 2

Experiment "Attitude to Water"

Application No. 3

Interview "Properties of Water"

Answers yes no don't know yes no don't know

Relatives 5 0 2 7 0 0

Neighbors 6 0 1 5 1 1

Application No. 4

First experience.

Target: Find out what happens to water when it freezes.

Output: Water volume increases.

Application No. 5

Second experience.

Target: Find out if a needle or checkers can stay on the surface of the water.

Output: Water is able to hold the needle and checkers on the surface.

Application No. 6

Third experience.

Target: Find out if the candle in water burns to the end.

Output: The candle burned to the end.

Application No. 7

Fourth experience.

Target: Find out how the egg behaves in fresh and salt water.

Output: Eggs sink in fresh water. In salt water, it floats to the surface. If you pour in alternately fresh and salty, the egg floats in the water column.

Application No. 8

Fifth experience.

Target: Can paper be glued with water?

Output: Water has a gluing effect.

Take two sheets of paper, move them one to the other to the other side. Wet the sheets with water, press lightly, squeeze out the excess water, we try to shift the sheets - they do not move.

Application No. 9

Sixth experience.

Target: What does a person use water?

Output: Man uses water in a different direction.

Application No. 10

Seventh experience.

Target: Steam is also water.

Output: Water evaporates.

Application No. 11

Eight experience.

Target: Some substances dissolve in water, some do not.

Output: Sugar dissolved in water, and sweet water turned out. Water changes color.

Appendix No. 12

Ninth experience.

Target: Water is essential for the life and growth of plants.

Output: grown flowers on the site, thanks to watering they

got good food and grew up.