This issue is especially acute for parents of future first-graders. Everyone wants not to harm either the child or themselves. A survey of acquaintances and the study of sites begins in the hope of finding an answer to the question of interest.
Parents face a choice educational program.
But whatever the program, a lot depends on the teacher. primary school: teaching style, interest, responsibility, attitude towards children and work. It would probably be fair to say that in elementary school "you need to go to the teacher." So it’s worth learning more about the teachers who will recruit future first graders and.
Let's start by listing the existing programs for 2017-2018 academic year in Russian schools:
It should also be noted that all curricula are developed in accordance with the CEO, which allows you to master the necessary minimum of knowledge (invariant part of teaching aids) or acceptable for the curious (variable part).
Let's analyze the pros and cons curricula in primary school:
OS "School 2100"
This program is continuous from kindergarten to 11th grade. Covers a large amount of material. The teacher directs and controls the search activity of students. The most difficult subjects are mathematics Kozlova S. A. and the world around Vakhrusheva A. A.
On the this moment the program is limited in the use of schools, as study guides were not included in the Federal List, that is, they did not pass the examination of the Ministry of Education.
Pros: students are trained to learn and acquire knowledge. They can easily find necessary information. They write a lot of essays and presentations, essays, have a broad outlook of knowledge.
Minuses: tasks are feasible for the development of students of secondary and high level, requires supervision and assistance from parents. Another disadvantage is that not all middle and high school teachers are ready to continue their education in the 5th grade.
- first of all, parents of future first-graders need to focus on the level of development of their child;
- take seriously the choice of a primary school teacher, because a competent, experienced teacher will make any program interesting and useful, and the child will definitely learn it;
- it is also necessary to remember that the success of education depends not only on the teacher, but also on the desire of parents to participate in the life of the student himself, to spend their time and energy.
We have already decided on the choice of school. What program will the children follow? We understand together with "Oh!"
Each school has the right to create its own program, however, it should be based only on certain educational literature approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. All textbooks are grouped according to subject lines and are included in educational and methodological complexes (TMC).
"School of Russia"
This program is the most common and easiest, it is often compared with Soviet school. According to the "" program, even those children who have not mastered writing and counting by the first grade can study. The main purpose of the EMC is educational, and the tasks correspond to this: the development in the student of such qualities as tolerance, kindness, and responsibility. And, of course, the technique teaches the child conscious reading, counting and writing.
Many call the main disadvantage of the program its simplicity, as well as the fact that during training, students practically do not use logical thinking and imagination.
"Primary school of the XXI century"
This training and metodology complex much more difficult than the "School of Russia": those children who already know how to write (but not necessarily write) will be able to learn easily. Here the child is a researcher, an equal participant in the educational process along with the teacher. Schoolchildren learn to look for answers to questions themselves, no rote memorization. Also, the advantages include a fairly smooth period of adaptation of the child to school - the volume of the studied material increases gradually, in game form with the help of tasks for ingenuity and fantasy.
Of the minuses - a confusing, sometimes inconsistent presentation of the material, a large number of manuals and notebooks.
"Promising Elementary School"
The main idea of the EMC is the development of the child based on the support of his individuality (age, abilities, inclinations). In the process of education, the student acts either as a student, or as a teacher, or as an organizer of the learning situation. In the classroom, children are often divided into groups, performing various tasks together. This can be attributed to the pluses - the program implies the successful education of children with different abilities and academic performance.
Of the minuses - a superficial presentation of the material, a fast pace of learning, insufficiently well-researched textbooks (there are errors, incomprehensible wording).
"Planet of Knowledge"
Innovative direction in education! Textbooks are a set of interrelated components united by common goals, objectives, approaches to the organization of educational material. The main feature of the EMC is the integrity of the program. It manifests itself in common value priorities, in the unity of didactic approaches, as well as in the structure of textbooks and workbooks for all classes and subjects. In addition, the textbooks that are included in the program have, which allows you to conduct lessons in all first grade subjects using modern technologies.
Some parents of schoolchildren consider the superficial presentation of material to be the main disadvantage, as well as the constant return to the topics covered with the addition of new knowledge.
"RHYTHM"
UMK "RITM" stands for "Development. Individuality. . Thinking". The complex of textbooks combines both modern approaches to educational process as well as proven methods. Judging by the reviews, the main advantage of this program is the high motivation of schoolchildren to comprehend new knowledge. In addition, it is possible to really individual approach to each child due to the fact that the tasks differ in the level of complexity and variability.
The disadvantages include the fact that tasks in textbooks are sometimes inaccurately formulated, so the teacher plays the main role here, who must study the mass guidelines under this program.
"Perspective"
The author of the program is the laureate of the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education L. G. Peterson. created on the basis of modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy and at the same time carefully keeps in touch with the best traditions of classical school education in Russia.
The advantage of teaching according to the Perspektiva UMC is that the system for constructing educational material allows each student to maintain and develop interest in discovering and learning new things. Of the minuses - a rather complicated program in mathematics, which will be easily absorbed only by those children who, even before school, have learned to count and perform simple mathematical operations.
The system of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov
The educational system has more than 40 years of history: at first it existed in the form of developments and experiments, and in 1996 the Elkonin-Davydov system was recognized as one of the state ones. A special place is given to theoretical knowledge and the logical side of learning. The level of subjects taught is extremely difficult.
The Elkonin-Davydov training system involves the formation of elementary school a large set of skills. The child must learn to look for missing information when faced with a new task, to test their own hypotheses. In addition, the system assumes that the younger student will independently organize interaction with the teacher and other students, analyze and critically evaluate their own actions and partners' points of view.
The main principle of this system is to teach children to acquire knowledge, to search for it on their own, and not to memorize school truths. The system of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov is suitable for those who want to develop in a child not so much the ability to analyze, but the ability to think unusually, deeply.
For orientation educational institutions and teachers in the existing variety of educational and methodological complexes, we present them short description.
Currently in Russian Federation There are traditional and developing systems of education.
Traditional programs include:"School of Russia", "Primary School of the XXI century", "School2000", "School 2100", "Harmony", "Perspective Primary School", "Classical Primary School", "Planet of Knowledge", "Perspective". Development systems include two programs: L.V. Zankov and D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydov.
Below is a brief description of the above educational and methodological complexes (TMC). More detailed information on each EMC can be found on the indicated sites.
Educational and methodological complex "School of Russia"
(under the editorship of A. Pleshakov)
Publishing house "Enlightenment".
Website: http://school-russia.prosv.ru
The traditional program "School of Russia" has existed for decades. The author himself emphasizes that this set was created in Russia and for Russia. The main goal of the program is to "develop a child's interest in learning about their country and its spiritual greatness, its significance on a global scale." The traditional program allows you to carefully practice skills learning activities(reading, writing, arithmetic) that are essential for success in high school.
The educational and methodological course "Literacy and speech development" by the authors V. G. Goretsky, V. A. Kiryushkin, L. A. Vinogradskaya answers all modern requirements teaching children in elementary school.
During the period of literacy, work is being done to develop the phonetic hearing of children, teaching initial reading and writing, expanding and clarifying children's ideas about the surrounding reality, enriching the vocabulary and developing speech.
In addition to the "Russian alphabet", the set includes two types of copy-books: copy-books of the authors V. G. Goretsky, N. A. Fedosova and "Miracle copy-book" of the author V. A. Ilyukhina. Their distinguishing feature is that they not only form the skills of literate, calligraphic writing, but also make it possible to correct handwriting at different stages of learning and in different age groups Oh.
For the development of the cognitive abilities of each child in the course "Mathematics" the subject of tasks has been updated, a variety of geometric material has been introduced, entertaining tasks developing logical thinking and imagination of children. Great importance is attached to comparison, comparison, opposition of interrelated concepts, tasks, clarification of similarities and differences in the facts under consideration.
The set includes textbooks and teaching aids of a new generation that meet all the requirements for a modern textbook.
Produces textbooks and teaching aids UMK "School of Russia" publishing house "Prosveshchenie".
The system of textbooks "School of Russia":
1. ABC - V. G. Goretsky, V. A. Kiryushkin, L. A. Vinogradskaya and others.
2. Russian language - V.P. Kanakina, V.G. Goretsky.
3. Russian language - L.M. Zelenina and others.
4. Literary reading- L.F. Klimanova, V.G. Goretsky, M.V. Golovanova and others.
5. English language- V.P. Kuzovlev, E.Sh. Peregudova, S.A. Pastukhova and others.
6. English (extended content of teaching a foreign language) - I.N. Vereshchagina, K.A. Bondarenko, T.A. Pritykina.
7. German- .I.L.Bim, L.I.Ryzhova, L.M.Fomicheva.
8. French- A.S. Kuligina, M.G. Kiryanov.
9. Spanish language- A.A. Voinova, Yu.A. Bukharova, K.V. Moreno.
10. Mathematics - M.I.Moro, S.V. Stepanova, S.I. Volkova.
11. Informatics - A.L. Semyonov, T.A. Rudnichenko.
12. The world- A.A. Pleshakov and others.
13. Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral cultures of the peoples of Russia - A.V. Kuraev, D.I. Latyshina, M.F. Murtazin and others.
14. Music - E.D. Kritskaya, G.P. Sergeeva, T.S. Shmagin.
15. Visual arts - L.A. Nemenskaya, E.I. Koroteeva, N.A. Goryaev.
16. Technology - N.I. Rogovtseva, N.V. Bogdanova and others.
17. Physical culture - V.I. Lyakh.
Educational and methodical complex "Perspective"
(under the editorship of L.F. Klimanova)
Publishing house "Enlightenment".
Website: http://www.prosv.ru/umk/perspektiva
The educational and methodical complex "Perspektiva" has been produced since 2006. The composition of the teaching materials includes lines of textbooks in the following subjects: "Literacy", "Russian language", "Literary reading", "Mathematics", "The world around us", "Technology".
The educational and methodological complex "Perspektiva" was created on a conceptual basis that reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy, while maintaining a close connection with the best traditions of classical Russian school education.
EMC ensures the availability of knowledge and high-quality assimilation program material, all-round development of the personality of a younger student, taking into account his age features, interests and needs. A special place in the UMC "Perspektiva" is given to the formation of spiritual and moral values, acquaintance with the cultural and historical heritage of the world and Russia, with the traditions and customs of the peoples inhabiting the Russian Federation. The textbooks include tasks for independent, pair and group work, project activities, as well as materials that can be used in extracurricular and extracurricular activities.
The EMC uses a unified navigation system for teachers, students and parents, which helps to work with information, organize and structure educational material, plan the student's activities in the lesson, organize the implementation homework, forms the skill of independent work.
The literacy course is distinguished by a communicative-cognitive and spiritual-moral orientation. The main goal of the course is the active formation of all types of speech activity: the ability to write, read, listen and speak, the development of speech thinking in first graders, the ability to communicate and understand themselves and others. Efficiency new system is provided with educational material selected in accordance with the level of development of the child's cognitive interests, game and entertaining exercises, structural-figurative models of words that are inscribed in various communicative and speech situations. In this regard, the word is presented in a different way, namely, not only as a sound-letter complex, but as a unity of meaning, meaning and its sound-letter form.
All the conditions for a differentiated approach to students with different levels of preparation for school have been created on the pages of the TMC "Teaching Literacy".
Teaching the Russian language is organically linked with literacy and has a common focus. The peculiarity of the course is a holistic view of the language, which provides the study of the language (its phonetic, lexical and grammatical aspects), speech activity and text as a speech work.
The main objective of the course "Literary Reading" is the formation of the personality of a younger student, acquaintance with the cultural and historical heritage and the formation of reading competence. For this, the textbook uses highly artistic texts, folklore works different peoples. The system of questions and tasks contributes to the formation of a culture of speech communication, the development creativity students, introduces them to spiritual and moral values, introduces them to ethical and aesthetic standards, develops figurative and logical thinking of students and forms junior schoolchildren interest in work of art like the art of the word. The headings “Independent reading”, “Family reading”, “Going to the library”, “Our theater”, “Reader-educator”, “Little and big secrets of the country of Literature”, “My favorite writers” offer various forms of work with a literary work, systematize knowledge and enrich the child's practical experience, they present a system of working with a book both in class and in extracurricular activities.
"Teaching not only mathematics, but also mathematics" is the leading idea of the TMC line in mathematics, aimed at strengthening the general cultural sound of mathematical education and increasing its significance for the formation of a child's personality. The content of the material is focused on the formation in younger students of the ability to observe, compare, generalize, find the simplest patterns, which allows them to master the heuristic methods of reasoning, their logic, develops the divergence of thinking as an essential component of mental activity, speech culture and allows them to expand their understanding of the world around them by means of mathematics. Much attention is paid to the development of numerical literacy of students, the formation of computational skills based on rational methods of action.
The textbooks have the same structure and consist of 3 sections: numbers and actions with them, geometric figures and their properties, quantities and their measurement.
The leading idea of the course "The World Around" is the idea of the unity of the world of nature and the world of culture. The surrounding world is considered as a natural and cultural whole, man - as a part of nature, the creator of culture and its product.
The course reveals the structure of the concept of "world around" in the unity of its three components: nature, culture, man. These three components are consistently considered at different socio-cultural levels of society (family, school, small homeland, native country, etc.), due to which the main pedagogical approaches to mastering the subject are determined: communicative-activity, cultural-historical, spiritually-oriented.
The main objective of the subject "Technology" is to create conditions for students to gain experience in project activities from conception to product presentation. Younger students master the techniques of working with paper, plasticine and natural materials, constructor, study the properties of various materials and the rules for working with them. This approach creates conditions for the formation of regulatory universal learning activities, allows you to form specific personal qualities (accuracy, attentiveness, willingness to help, etc.), communication skills (work in pairs, groups), the ability to work with information and master basic computer skills.
The material in the textbooks is built in the form of a journey that introduces students to human activities in various areas: Man and Earth, Man and Water, Man and Air, Man and Information Space.
In the textbook "Technology" introduced sign system evaluating the quality and complexity of the product, which allows you to form the motivation for success and self-esteem of the student.
The composition of the UMC "Perspective" includes:
Textbooks in subjects (grades 1-4)
Workbooks
Creative notebooks
Didactic materials for the student: "Reader", "Magic power of words", "Mathematics and Informatics", "Fundamentals of life safety".
Methodological manuals for teachers: lesson developments in subjects, additional teaching materials, calendar-thematic planning, technological maps.
Calendar-thematic planning and technological maps that provide the teacher with effective and high-quality teaching by moving from lesson planning to designing the study of the topic are posted on the pages of the Internet site of the UMC "Perspektiva".
Textbooks included in the UMK "Perspektiva":
1. Alphabet - L.F. Klimanov, S.G. Makeeva.
2. Russian language - L. F. Klimanova, S. G. Makeeva.
3. Literary reading - L.F. Klimanova, L.A. Vinogradskaya, V.G. Goretsky.
4. Mathematics - G.V. Dorofeev, T.N. Mirakova.
5. The world around - A.A. Pleshakov, M.Yu. Novitskaya.
6. Technology - N.I. Rogovtseva, N.V. Bogdanova, N.V. Dobromyslova
Educational and methodological complex "School 2000 ..."
Publishing house "Juventa"
Website: http://www.sch2000.ru
The didactic system of the activity method "School 2000 ..." offers a solution to urgent educational problems in the system of continuous education (DOE - school - university). It is based on a continuous course of mathematics for preschoolers, primary and secondary schools, focused on the development of thinking, the creative powers of children, their interest in mathematics, the formation of strong mathematical knowledge and skills, readiness for self-development. The "Learn to Learn" program takes into account the possibility of working under this program in a variety of conditions curriculum OU (4h or 5h per week).
The main goal of the program "School 2000 ..." is the comprehensive development of the child, the formation of his abilities for self-change and self-development, a picture of the world and moral qualities that create conditions for successful entry into the culture and creative life of society, self-determination and self-realization of the individual.
The selection of content and the sequence of studying the basic mathematical concepts was carried out in the program "Learn to learn" on the basis of a systematic approach. Built by N.Ya. Vilenkin and his students, the multi-level system of initial mathematical concepts (SNMP, 1980) made it possible to establish the order of introduction of fundamental concepts in school mathematical education, ensuring successive links between them and the continuous development of all the content-methodological lines of the mathematics course 0-9.
The basis for the organization of the educational process in the program "Learn to learn" is the didactic system of the activity method of teaching "School 2000", which can be used at two levels: basic and technological.
The course of mathematics "Learning to learn" for elementary school can be used in conjunction with courses in other academic subjects included in the Federal lists of textbooks of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, based on the teachers' own choice. In this case, the technology of the activity method at the basic level can be used as a didactic basis that streamlines the work of teachers in the context of the variability of education.
Teaching materials for mathematics for elementary school of the program "Learning to learn" ("School 2000 ..."
1. Mathematics - L.G. Peterson
Textbooks are equipped with teaching aids, didactic materials and computer program performance monitoring.
additional literature
2. Peterson L.G., Kubysheva M.A., Mazurina S.E. What does it mean to learn. Teaching aid.-M.: UMC "School 2000 ...", 2006.
3. Peterson L.G. Activity method of teaching: the educational system "School 2000 ..." // Building a continuous sphere of education. - M .: APK and PPRO, UMC "School 2000 ...", 2007.
Educational and methodical complex "School 2100"
(supervisor - L.G. Peterson)
Balass Publishing House
Website: http://www.school2100.ru/
In the process of learning according to the EMC, in accordance with the activity approach, the task of forming a functionally literate personality is realized. On different subject content, the student learns to acquire new knowledge, to look for answers to his questions. All textbooks of the program are built taking into account psychological specificity age. characteristic feature of this educational program is the minimax principle. He assumes that the authors of textbooks and the teacher enable the student (if he wants) to take the material to the maximum. In textbooks for this there is redundant information that allows the student to make a personal choice. At the same time, the most important facts, concepts and connections included in the minimum content (FSES and program requirements) must be learned by each student. The minimum is presented to the student at the lessons of the discovery of new knowledge, fixed and submitted for control. The maximum allows the student to satisfy their personal needs and interests.
Thus, each child has the opportunity to take as much as he can.
With the help of problematic dialogue technology used in educational system"School 2100" students at each lesson learn to set a goal, draw up a plan to achieve it, search for a solution, and reflect on the results of working with a text. For the formation of communicative general educational skills, the technology of working with text is used. Thus, a teacher who works according to the textbooks of the School 2100 educational system has the opportunity to achieve new educational goals simply by delivering quality lessons using the technologies adopted in this system.
List of textbooks for teaching materials "School 2100"
1. Primer - R.N. Buneev, E.V. Buneeva, O.V. Pronin.
2. Russian language - R.N. Buneev, E.V. Buneeva, O.V. Pronin.
3. Literary reading - R.N. Buneev, E.V. Buneeva.
4. English - M.Z. Biboletova and others.
5. Mathematics - T.E. Demidova, S.A. Kozlova, A.P. Thin.
6. The world around - A.A. Vakhrushev, O.B. Bursky, A.S. Rautin.
7. Visual arts - O.A. Kurevina, E.D. Kovalevskaya.
8. Music - L.V. Shkolyar, V.O. Usacheva.
9. Technology - O.A. Kurevina, E.L. Lutzev
10. Physical culture - B.B. Egorov, Yu.E. transplant.
Educational and methodological complex "Perspective elementary school"
(supervisor - N.A. Churakova)
Publishing house "Akademkniga/textbook"
Website: http://www.akademkniga.ru
The concept of WCU is based on the humanistic belief that all children are capable of successful learning if the necessary conditions are created for them. Taking into account the age of students makes the learning process successful. All textbooks of the set provide teachers with opportunities to implement the regional component.
When selecting educational material, developing the language of presentation of the material, developing the methodological apparatus of the set, the following components were taken into account.
The age of the student. A first grader can be either six or seven or eight years old. And this is not a problem of lowering the age of a first-grader, but the problem of the simultaneous presence of children of different ages in the lesson, which required a combination of play and learning activities throughout the first year of study.
Different levels of student development. The student who did not attend Kindergarten, often comes to school with unformed sensory standards. This required solving the problem of forming sensory standards during the adaptation period of training.
Topographic affiliation of the student. The selection of material takes into account the experience of a student living in both urban and rural areas.
Different class content. The detailed wording of tasks, along with indications of the organizational forms of their implementation (in a group, in pairs), allows schoolchildren to study independently for a sufficiently long time, which is important for a small and small school. A similar structure of textbooks within each subject area and a common external intrigue for all textbooks of the set help students of different age groups located in the same room to be in a single educational space.
Different levels of Russian language proficiency. When developing the “Promising Primary School” teaching materials, it was taken into account that not all students have Russian as their native language and that today's student has a large number of speech therapy problems. The search for a solution to this set of problems required a revision of some important theoretical positions of the Russian language, the development of special lines of orthoepic work and work with a reverse dictionary.
As a result of mastering the subject content included in the set, each student gets the opportunity to acquire general educational skills and abilities. Master those methods of activity that meet the requirements of the state educational standard. These are, first of all, the initial skills of searching for the necessary information in dictionaries, reference books, the library catalog. , reverse, explanatory, phraseological, etymological and encyclopedic dictionaries.
The placement of a methodological apparatus for organizing children's activities in the classroom in the body of each textbook allows the set to fulfill such a requirement of the Federal State Educational Standard as the formation of educational cooperation activities - the ability to negotiate, distribute work, evaluate your contribution to the overall result of educational activities.
A unified system of symbols in all textbooks is designed to organize individual, pair, group and collective work.
List of textbooks of the TMC "Promising Primary School"
1. Alphabet - N.G. Agarkova, Yu.A. Agarkov
2. Russian language - Kalenchuk M.L., Churakova N.A., Baikova T.A., Malakhovskaya O.V., Erysheva E.R.
3. Literary reading - Churakova N.A., Malakhovskaya O.V.
4. Mathematics - A.L. Chekin, O.A. Zakharova, E.P. Yudin.
5. The world around - O.N. Fedotova, G.V. Trafimova, S.A. Trafimov, L.A. Tsareva, L.G. Kudrova.
6. Informatics - E.N. Benenson, A.G. Pautova.
7. Technology - T.M. Ragozina, A.A. Grinev.
additional literature
1) Churakova R.G. Technology and aspect analysis of the modern lesson
Churakova N.A., Malakhovskaya O.V. Museum in your class.
Educational-methodical complex “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking" (RITM)
(EMC "Classical Primary School")
Publishing house "Drofa"
Website: http://www.drofa.ru
Educational-methodical complex “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking (RITM) was created on the basis of the Classical Primary School teaching materials, the main feature of which is a combination of modern approaches to solving methodological problems and proven principles of didactics, which allows students to achieve consistently high educational results.
Educational-methodical complex “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking” (RITM) was revised in accordance with the Federal State Standard and supplemented with new textbooks (foreign language, the world around us, physical education). The CMC includes programs teaching aids, workbooks. Educational lines in the main subjects are provided with didactic materials, tests and sets of visual aids. All components of the teaching materials are integrated into a single methodological system, they have a modern layout, a voluminous methodological apparatus, and professionally executed illustrations.
In the subject line on the Russian language and literary reading native language is considered not only as an object of study, but also as a means of teaching children other disciplines, which contributes to the formation of meta-subject skills. The texts and exercises contained in the textbooks expand knowledge about the native country, its nature, contribute to the education of patriotism, the development of norms and rules of behavior, traditional moral values, tolerance, and hence the formation of the necessary personal qualities, That is the most important result education.
In the course of studying the course of mathematics, textbooks are included in active independent and group activities, the most important result of which is the development of flexibility, criticality and variability of their thinking. The methodological apparatus of the subject line is aimed at developing logical skills: understanding learning task, independent planning of their actions to solve it, choosing the best ways for this.
The methodology underlying the subject lines in a foreign language is designed to form elementary foreign language skills in younger students. communicative competence. The principle of the dialogue of cultures, implemented in the course of the English language, allows the child to smoothly enter the foreign language communicative space. The German language course is aimed at the interconnected formation of all types of communication skills- listening, speaking, reading and writing. The content of foreign language courses contributes to the formation in the child of a sense of belonging to a certain linguistic and cultural community - Russian civil identity.
In the subject line around the world, the integration of natural-science and social-humanitarian knowledge is carried out, which lays the foundations for the formation of a holistic picture of the world, solves the problems of forming ecological thinking, a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle, a system of national values, ideals of mutual respect, patriotism, based on ethnocultural diversity and general cultural unity of Russian society.
The subject line in fine arts is focused on the aesthetic development of the individual based on mastering the best examples of the artistic heritage of the peoples of Russia and the world. It is built on the principles of a system-activity approach to learning and reflects the communicative and moral essence of art education.
The aesthetic and spiritual and moral development of students when using the subject line in music is carried out through familiarization with musical culture as the most important component of a harmoniously developed personality. The course of music is built on a broad integrative basis with subjects of the humanitarian and aesthetic cycle. It is based on the principle of forming universal educational actions - personal, regulatory, cognitive, communicative.
The subject line on technology and physical culture contains extraordinary methodological methods for the formation of the necessary subject and meta-subject skills, as well as personality traits of a primary school graduate. The lines are practice-oriented and provide ample opportunities for organizing educational and extracurricular activities younger students.
UMC “Development. Individuality. Creativity, Thinking” (RITM) is aimed at achieving the results of education defined by the Federal State Standard and the implementation of the “Concept of Spiritual and Moral Development and Education of a Russian Citizen”.
Textbooks that are part of the EMC "Classical Primary School":
1. Alphabet - O.V. Jezhel.
2. Russian language - T.G. Ramzaev.
3. Literary reading. - O.V. Dzhezheley.
4. English language - V.V. Buzhinsky, S.V. Pavlova, R.A. Starikov.
5. German language - N.D. Galsakova, N.I. Gez.
6. Mathematics - E.I. Aleksandrova.
7. The world around - E.V. Saplin, A.I. Saplin, V.I. Sivoglazov.
8. Visual arts - V.S. Kuzin, E.I. Kubyshkin.
9. Technology.- N.A. Malysheva, O.N. Maslenikov.
10. Music - V.V. Aleev, T.N. Kichak.
11. Physical culture - G.I. Pogadaev.
Educational and methodological complex "Primary school of the XXI century"
(supervisor - N.F. Vinogradova)
Publishing house "Ventana - Graf"
Website: http://www.vgf.ru
The set is based on the theory of A.N. Leontiev, D.B. Elkonin and V.V. Davydov. The overall goal of training is the formation of a leading activity for this age. The goal of elementary school teachers is not just to teach the student, but to teach him to teach himself, i.e. educational activities; The aim of the student is to acquire the ability to learn. Educational subjects and their content act as a means to achieve this goal.
The forms, means and methods of teaching are aimed at developing the prerequisites for the younger student (in the first half of the first grade), and then the skills of learning activities. In the course of primary education, the primary school student develops the skills of learning activities that allow him to successfully adapt in the main school and continue subject education according to any educational and methodological set.
The leading characteristics of a primary school graduate are his ability to think independently, analyze any issue; the ability to build statements, put forward hypotheses, defend the chosen point of view; the presence of ideas about one's own knowledge and ignorance on the issue under discussion. Hence, there are two methodological features of the UMK. So, working with the educational and methodological kit "Initial school XXI century", the student masters a fundamentally different role - "researcher". This position determines his interest in the process of cognition. As well as increasing attention to creative activity students, based on the initiative and independence of each student.
List of textbooks of the teaching materials "Primary school of the XXI century"
1. Primer - L.E. Zhurova.
2. Russian language - S.V. Ivanov, A.O. Evdokimova, M.I. Kuznetsova.
3. Literary reading - L.A. Efrosinina.
4. English language - UMK "FORWARD", M.V. Verbitskaya, O.V. Oralova, B.Ebbs, E.Worell, E.Ward.
5. Mathematics - E.E. Kochurina, V.N. Rudnitskaya, O.A. Rydze.
6. The world around - N.F. Vinogradov.
7. Music - O.V. Usacheva, L.V. Schoolboy.
8. Visual arts - L.G. Savenkova, E.A. Ermolinskaya
9. Technology - E.A. Lutsev.
10. Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia (Grade 4) - N.F. Vinogradova, V.I. Vlasenko, A.V. Polyakov.
Content subjects EMC is focused on stimulating and supporting the emotional, spiritual, moral and intellectual development and self-development of the child; to create conditions for the manifestation of independence, initiative, creative abilities of the child in various activities. At the same time, the importance of children's assimilation of knowledge and mastery of skills and abilities as a means of development remains, but they are not considered as an end in itself of primary education.
In the subjects of the EMC, the humanitarian orientation and its influence on the emotional and social and personal development of the child are strengthened. The EMC presents content that helps the child to maintain and recreate the integrity of the picture of the world, provides him with an awareness of the various connections between objects and phenomena and, at the same time, forms the ability to see the same object from different angles. The main feature of this set is its integrity: the unity of the structure of textbooks and workbooks for all classes and subjects; the unity of the through lines of standard tasks, the unity of approaches to the organization of educational activities.
They publish textbooks and teaching aids for the "Planet of Knowledge" teaching materials of the "Astrel" and "AST" publishing houses.
The UMC includes:
1. Primer - author T.M. Andrianova.
2. Russian language - author T.M. Andrianova, V.A. Ilyukhin.
3. Literary reading - E.E. Katz
4. English language - N.Yu. Goryacheva, S.V. Larkina, E.V. Nasonovskaya.
5. Mathematics - M.I. Bashmakov, M.G. Nefedova.
6. The world around - G.G. Ivchenkova, I.V. Potapova, A.I. Saplin, E.V. Saplin.
7. Music - T.I. Balanova.
Educational and methodical set "Harmony"
(supervisor - N.B. Istomina)
Publishing house "Association of the XXI century".
Website: http://umk-garmoniya.ru/
The educational-methodical set "Harmony" implements: ways of organizing the educational activities of students related to the formulation of a learning task, its solution, self-control and self-assessment; ways of organizing productive communication, which is necessary condition formation of educational activities; ways of forming concepts that provide in an accessible way for the younger school age level of awareness of cause-and-effect relationships, patterns and dependencies.
The course is based on the methodological concept of purposeful and systematic work on the formation of mental activity techniques in younger students: analysis and synthesis, comparison, classification, analogy and generalization in the process of mastering the mathematical content provided by the program.
Primer "My first textbook", designed for the course "Literacy", provides not only the development of elementary reading and writing by first graders, but also the development of their thinking, cognitive interests, sense of language, the formation of phonetic hearing, spelling vigilance, speech and reading skills, introduction into the world of children's books, as well as the accumulation of experience in working with an educational book.
The primer involves the active promotion of both children who are just starting to learn to read, and those who are already at different stages of mastering the reading technique.
In general, this primer creates the conditions for the successful continuation of learning to read and the Russian language within the framework of individual subjects.
The Russian language course, presented in the textbooks "To the Secrets of Our Language", ensures the formation of language and speech skills in junior schoolchildren, their functional literacy simultaneously with the formation of the whole complex of universal educational activities.
This is facilitated by the implementation of an activity approach to the organization of learning, in which the development of language and speech concepts, rules, work on skills goes from motivation and setting a learning task - to its solution and through understanding the necessary mode of action - to the use of acquired knowledge, to the ability to control the implementation actions and their results.
Language learning has a communicative orientation, as it is subordinated to the development of students' speech, the improvement of all forms of their speech activity.
Formation of literacy schoolchildren is carried out on the basis of the purposeful development of their spelling vigilance and spelling self-control.
Course "Literary Reading" involves the formation of the reading competence of a younger student, which is determined by the possession of reading technique and methods of mastering literary work, the ability to navigate in books and the acquisition of experience in independent reading activity.
Teaching literary reading is also aimed at:
enrichment of the spiritual and moral sphere of junior schoolchildren, the formation of ideas about good and evil, justice and honesty, respect for the culture of the peoples of multinational Russia;
mastering universal educational activities
improvement of all types of speech activity, the ability to build a monologue and conduct a dialogue;
development of creative abilities;
education of an aesthetic attitude to the art of the word, interest in reading and books, the need to communicate with the world of fiction;
broadening the reader's horizons.
Mathematics course, presented in the textbook, in the process of assimilation of the program material purposefully forms all types of universal learning activities (UUD) for students. This is facilitated by: the logic of constructing the course content, a variety of methodological methods for organizing the educational activities of younger students, a system of educational tasks aimed at performing various types of actions by students.
In the process of studying the course, children master: mathematical knowledge, skills and abilities provided for by the course program, and learn how to use them to describe the surrounding objects, processes, phenomena, assess quantitative and spatial relationships; master the skills: to build reasoning; to argue and correct statements to distinguish between reasonable and unreasonable judgments; identify patterns; establish causal relationships; to analyze various mathematical objects, highlighting their essential and non-essential features, which will ensure their successful continuation of mathematical education in basic school.
Features of the content of the course "The world around" are: the integrative nature of the presentation of natural science, social science and historical knowledge; purposeful formation of UUD in the development of subject knowledge and skills.
The study of the surrounding world is aimed at:
the formation of a holistic picture of the world of the natural and socio-cultural world, environmental and cultural literacy, moral, ethical and safe norms of interaction with nature and people among junior schoolchildren;
mastering a complex of subject knowledge, skills and universal educational activities for the successful continuation of education in the main school;
development of skills to observe, analyze, generalize, characterize objects of the surrounding world, reason, solve creative problems;
upbringing of a citizen who loves his Fatherland, who is aware of his belonging to it, who respects the way of life, customs and traditions of the peoples who inhabit, who strive to participate in environmental and creative activities.
The main course presented in the textbooks "Technology", is an objective transforming activity that allows you to integrate conceptual (speculative), visual-figurative, visual-effective components cognitive activity.
The main features of the course "Fine Arts":
acquaintance of schoolchildren with the figurative language of fine arts as the basis for the emotional and ethical development of the surrounding world;
communicative orientation of training, which ensures the education of the basic visual culture of the individual and the primary development of visual means of visual communication;
activity approach to the study and further practical development of fine, design and decorative art activities;
problem-based learning, when the teacher, without suggesting a final answer, poses questions that help students themselves come to the right solution;
the formation of methods of cognitive activity and the development of interest in the field of artistic development of the world, the enrichment of the sensory and practical creative experience of the child.
Music course, presented in the textbooks "To the heights of musical art", has the following features:
development of musical thinking of schoolchildren through the development of various genres of music;
selection of musical material with a focus on the masterpieces of world musical art, which helps the child to form a holistic view of musical culture according to its reference samples;
formation along with the song type of musical thinking at the symphonic level;
the methodological principle of “recreating” the masterpieces of the world musical art, which consists in the fact that the holistic perception of a work is preceded by the stage of “creation” by a child through the passage of the main stages of the composer’s path;
the creation by schoolchildren of the independence of music as an art form capable of conveying the feelings and thoughts of people by its own means as a result of acquaintance with the musical images of various genres of music and the disclosure of the many-sided connections between music and life.
The purpose of the textbooks "Physical culture" is the formation of the basics of a healthy lifestyle among students, the ability to communicate and interact with peers, plan their own activities, distribute the load and rest in the process of its implementation, analyze and objectively evaluate the results of their own work, evaluate the beauty of the physique and posture, technically correctly perform motor actions.
The publishing house "Association of the 21st Century" publishes textbooks and teaching aids for UMK "Harmony".
To communicate with colleagues and exchange experience in the educational system "Harmony" created social network- www.garmoniya-club.ru
The UMC includes:
1. Primer - author M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko, N.M. Betenkova, O.E. Kurlygina.
2. Russian language - author M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko.
3. Literary reading - author O.V. Kubasov.
4. Mathematics - author N.B. Istomin.
5. The world around - author O.V. Poglazova, N.I. Vorozheikin, V.D. Shilin.
6. Technology - author N.M.Konysheva.
7. Visual arts - (publishing house "Yakhont"), author: T.A. Koptseva, V.P. Koptsev, E.V. Koptsev.
8. Music - (publishing house "Yakhont"), author: M.S.Krasilnikova, O.N.Yashmolkina, O.I.Nekhaeva.
9. Physical culture - (publishing house "Yakhont"), author: R.I.Tarnopolskaya, B.I.Mishina.
When choosing a school for a child, parents take into account many factors: location, traditions, educational bias of the school, reviews. Now this list has been replenished with another important item: the training program.
There are currently a variety of work programs for each link of the school from grades 1-11 . Usually, educational institutions choose several educational programs, especially in primary school, and parallel classes are trained according to different teaching materials.
Today, parents need to know: how to choose the right one educational program and how do they differ? This issue is especially relevant in elementary school, because it depends on how successfully the child will study.
Let's make a reservation right away: it is incorrect to divide programs into "bad and good". All primary school programs according to the Federal State Educational Standards are approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. They are simply designed for different ways of perception and take into account the peculiarities of the child's thinking. One thing in common: all programs allow the student to master the necessary minimum knowledge for elementary school. The difference is in the presentation of the material, in the organization of educational activities, in the variety of exercises.
Educational programs for elementary school
1. Program "School of Russia"(under the editorship of A. Pleshakov) is one of the oldest and time-tested programs. Since Soviet times, the program has been improved more than once, adapted to the realities of the new time.
Designed for all children and allows you to carefully work out the skills of writing, reading and counting.
2. The program "Primary school of the XXI century"(under the editorship of N. F. Vinogradova). The material is complex, designed for erudite children. The program teaches independence, a lot of work is being done to foster interest in educational process the ability to properly organize studies. There are many additional materials and exercises aimed at developing memory, logic, outlook, and fantasy. Each student can study at the chosen pace, as tasks of different levels of complexity and different directions are provided.
The main goal of the program is to teach the child to learn.
3. Program "Primary Perspective School". Features: there is no need to cram rules, theorems and axioms. The emphasis is on the development of logic, intelligence and analytical thinking. There are additional hours for drawing, music, physical education.
Suitable for any child, regardless of his level of readiness for school.
4. Program "School 2100"(under the editorship of A. A. Leontiev). This program is gaining more and more fans. The undoubted advantage of the program is the continuity of education, since it can be used from the age of 3 until graduation.
Feature of the program: educational material is given to the maximum, varied, multi-level. The student himself chooses how much knowledge will be sufficient. An individual approach is used for each child.
Suitable for all children.
5. "Harmony"(under the editorship of N. B. Istomin). The program involves close cooperation with parents. Many topics are suggested to be discussed first at home. Much attention is paid to the development of self-education skills.
Priority is given to independent work of students. Techniques of observation, selection, transformation and construction are actively involved. All material is presented in a variety of ways, taking into account the students' own experience, the practical orientation of knowledge.
Suitable for children with analytical thinking and a penchant for technical sciences.
6. "Planet of Knowledge"- focused on the development of creative abilities. In the course of the teaching, schoolchildren compose fairy tales themselves, put on performances, carry out projects, and make presentations.
Gives the necessary minimum of knowledge, skills and abilities. Everything beyond the program is at the request of the students.
Suitable for children with a humanitarian bias.
7. Primary school program "Perspective". Here, much attention is paid to the education of children as citizens of their country, the formation of moral positions.
Many tasks are aimed at developing logic and imagination. A huge amount of additional material is used, for each subject there are several manuals. The principle of teaching is dialectical. The presentation of the material is accessible, although sometimes boring.
Suitable for all children, regardless of their readiness for school.
8. L. V. Zankov's program. The system includes a huge amount of material. All lessons are equivalent, great attention is paid to the development of logic, analytical thinking, skills independent work. There are electives in computer science, economics, foreign languages. Training is carried out at a fast pace.
Suitable for children well prepared for school.
9. Elkonin - Davydov program. A rather ambiguous program, but very interesting for children. Much attention is paid to theoretical thinking, the construction of tasks, problematic issues and the search for their resolution. Learning is slow. Of the minuses, only a discrepancy in some of the terms studied can be noted. So, for example, the authors of textbooks call verbs words of action, and nouns - words-objects. This creates certain difficulties in high school. We hope that it will help you in your work!
The modern elementary school offers two systems of teaching children: the traditional one, which includes seven programs: "School of Russia", "School 2100", "Primary School of the 21st Century", "Harmony", "Classical Primary School", "Perspective Primary School" , "Planet of Knowledge", and developing, including two programs: L.V. Zankov and D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydov.
Recently, some traditional elementary school programs have undergone significant changes, have been greatly improved and can already be attributed to developing programs.
The traditional program "School of Russia" - the name speaks for itself. This educational and methodological complex was created specifically for teaching children living in Russia, introducing them to the traditions and culture of their great country. This is a kind of school of spiritual and moral development. The School of Russia program is focused on educating children in such qualities as kindness, responsibility, empathy and assistance in Hard time. It develops in schoolchildren an interest in the study of their Motherland, its nature, history, thereby educating such an important and rare quality in our time as patriotism.
The authors, creating this program, relied on many years of pedagogical experience of the Soviet, and later the Russian school. Learning is based on a smooth transition from simple to complex. The program carefully develops reading, writing and numeracy skills, which are the basis for further successful learning.
Textbooks under the "School of Russia" program are very modern, colorful and interesting for the child, they perfectly stimulate cognitive activity.
The program "School 2100" is the only one of all, which is a system of continuous education from preschool age before graduation. According to her allowances, children can study from the age of three and ending with the graduation class. The program clearly goes beyond the traditional, including elements of a developing program.
The educational and methodological complex of the School 2100 program is focused on the development of the child as a person, the identification and development of his creative abilities and interest in learning. It develops in children such qualities as determination, independence, the ability to make a decision, the ability to analyze, logical thinking, imagination and speech.
The training is based on the fact that the basic concepts, rules and conclusions are not given to children in finished form, they must reach them themselves, the teacher only directs the child to right direction. That is, children learn to act independently. Many assignments rely on obtaining information from sources other than educational literature.
The educational program "School of the 21st century" refers to traditional programs, however, it is also essentially developing. She most gently adapts former preschoolers to a new field of activity for them - studying at school. Education is built in the form of a game. Most teachers in Russia prefer to study under this program. The program is aimed at the harmonious development of the personality, at the development of motivation for learning activities and self-education. Helps the child understand why you need to study at all, why you need to take your education seriously.
Being engaged in this program, children learn to independently acquire knowledge through reflection, analysis, fantasies. They can evaluate their successes and failures in their studies. The teacher behaves with the children in the classroom on an equal footing, allowing the children to think, discuss and, thus, reach the truth.
Each student has the opportunity to learn at an individual pace, because the educational material contains tasks of different levels. The set of textbooks includes the so-called notebooks for corrective and developmental work of the student, according to which you can additionally study with the child in case of lagging behind and misunderstanding the material. The focus is not on the correct answer, but on the decision process itself.
A set of textbooks for the program"Elementary School of the XXI century" was awarded the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education, is the winner of the "competition to create a new generation of textbooks for elementary school."
"Harmony" is a program that combines the methods of traditional education with developing ones. The name suggests that the program is aimed at developing harmonious relationships between teachers and students and between children. The program helps to develop logical thinking, creativity. It is aimed at strengthening the physical and mental health of the child.
The educational material is very interesting, the emphasis is on advanced learning, new promising technologies are used in teaching children of different levels of development. Children do not memorize the rules, but with their own minds, with the help of special exercises, they come to the necessary conclusions.
The kit includes textbooks containing a methodological part, so parents themselves at home can explain the topic to the child, help them cope with homework. Children who received primary education under the program "Harmony" are distinguished by high literacy.
The educational and methodical set in mathematics of the Harmony program was awarded the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of education.
"Classical Primary School" is a traditional program, almost identical to the "School of Russia" program. It differs from it in its set of textbooks. This is the most classic, effective program developed over the years for primary education. It is completely built on traditional methods, but with the introduction of modern scientific pedagogical approaches. With gradual learning and a solid foundation in reading, writing and numeracy, it provides children with a good base for continuing their studies in secondary school. The program from the first days of classes is focused on getting children interested in further education.
All textbooks and notebooks are decorated with colorful illustrations. Lessons are filled with various contests, games and quizzes. Part of the tasks is aimed at working together with parents, thereby introducing them to the exciting process of educating their children. The program helps the child to love the book and teaches how to work with it. Knowledge according to the program is not given in finished form, but must be obtained jointly by students and the teacher, that is, the program contributes to the development of logical thinking.
The Promising Elementary School program is the most successful program in existence, suitable for rural schools, in which, sitting in the same room, students from grades 1 to 4 study at the same time. It contains all the important methods from all existing programs. The program was created taking into account the age categories of schoolchildren, whether it is a six-year-old first grader or an eight-year-old, and takes into account the different levels of schoolchildren. Emphasis is placed both on the individual activity of the child and on joint work pupils, facilitating the development of dialogue between them. It teaches you to work not only with the textbook, but also with various reference books. The teacher gives a task to a group of students, he leaves to work with another group. Thus, schoolchildren develop independence, the ability to work and live in a team, that is, to help others, to criticize and adequately respond to criticism addressed to them, to be able to explain and defend their point of view.
The program is built strictly on the principle of complicating the educational material. In this program, children develop fluent reading, writing, and numeracy skills the fastest.
Textbooks are filled with interesting fairy-tale material that helps develop creative thinking, logic and memory. Much time is devoted physical health children, accustoming the child to cleanliness, order, gymnastics and daily routine. Learning tasks involve parents in joint tasks.
The traditional Planet of Knowledge program is good because even the smallest children can learn from it. The approach to teaching is non-standard and departs from the classics "the teacher explains the task, the children do it." All tasks are developmental in nature. The program is focused on the development of children's creative abilities. For each child studying under the Planet of Knowledge program, there is a teaching method that helps him to master the material perfectly. The program stimulates the manifestation of independence, initiative, helps to see the same subject in different ways.
The set of educational literature is interesting in that before the beginning of each section there is a plan for further study. Thus, the child sees what he will learn in the future. Each section ends after studying. verification work and a test sheet, which allow the teacher, as well as the student himself, to test his knowledge of this section. Textbooks contain many tasks of various levels of complexity, which allows students to choose a task just for themselves. Many of the exercises are focused on working with reference books and working in a group, shaping children's communication skills in society.
Development program L.V. Zankov is the exact opposite of traditional programs. It is based on a trusting relationship between teacher and student. The teacher first offers to complete tasks, and students must reach the theory with their own mind through various discussions, obtaining information from various sources, reflections and disputes. The program perfectly reveals the individual abilities of each child. Focused on the awakening of interest in learning, the development of intelligence and curiosity. Being quite difficult because the learning process is fast paced, at the same time it is very attractive and exciting for children.
In addition to school lessons, the program involves close communication between the teacher and children outside the school through joint visits to various cultural events, walks and excursions. Children who studied under the program of L.V. Zankov, excellent interlocutors, have the broadest horizons and their knowledge is much higher than that of children who study according to traditional systems.
Development program D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydova is focused on the development of strong theoretical knowledge in children, that is, the rules and concepts here occupy a dominant position, but they are not given in the form of ready-made truths. Children must reach them by themselves logical thinking, working in a group or individually, discussing, arguing among themselves and discussing the results. And only then with the help of the teacher to draw the right conclusions. The program develops in the child the ability to think deeply and unconventionally.
The program is much richer than the usual traditional programs. Children who have studied it are very sociable, respect the opinions of others, but do not take all the words for granted, they require mandatory evidence.
According to this program, there are few homework assignments, everything is decided in the classroom, where the children are loaded with interesting work, but they rest at home.
Many textbooks are winners of new generation textbook competitions.
The program is considered difficult, but only because there are very few competent teachers who can work on this program.
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