1. Ananiev, V.P. Fundamentals of geology, mineralogy and petrography. / V.P. Ananiev - M .: Higher. school, 2005. - 511 p.
2. Ananiev, V.P. Engineering geology./ V.P. Ananiev, A.D. Potapov - M .: Higher. school, 2009. - 575 p.
3. GOST - 25100 - 2011. Soils. Classification. - M.: MNTKS, 2011. - 59 p.
4. Kabanova L.Ya. Petrography of igneous rocks./ L.Ya. Kabanova. - Ekaterinburg: Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2008. -152 p.
5. Petrographic code. Igneous and metamorphic formations: a reference book / otv. ed. N.P. Mikhailov. - St. Petersburg: VSEGEI Publishing House, 1995. - 127 p.
6. A practical guide to general geology: textbook for students. universities / A.I. Gushchin., M.A. Romanovskaya, A.N. Stafeev, V.G. Talitsky; edited by Koronovsky N.V. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2007. - 160 p.; http:// geoschol. Web.ru./
7. Rechkalova, A.V. Engineering geology. Key to minerals and rocks /A.V. Rechkalova, S.E. Denisov. - Chelyabinsk: Publishing House of SUSU, 2003. - 47p.
8. Semenyak, G.S. Engineering geology: textbook / G.S. Semenyak, T.I. Taranina. - Chelyabinsk: Publishing Center of SUSU, 2010. - 176 p.
9. Taranina, T.I. Dictionary of Geology / T.I. Taranina, G.S. Semenyak. - Chelyabinsk: Publishing House of SUSU, 2008. - 88 p.
10. Taranina, T.I. Bosom Chelyabinsk region: studies. Manual for teachers of geography and local history./ T.I. Taranina, A.A. Seifert. - Chelyabinsk: ABRIS, 2009. - 112 p. (Know your land. Local history lessons + CD).
Introduction………………………………………………………………………. 3
Practical work 1. Physical and diagnostic properties of minerals .... 4
1.1. Morphology of minerals and their aggregates…………………………………… 4
1.2. Optical properties minerals……………………………………….. 6
1.3. Mechanical properties…………………………………………………. nine
1.4. Other properties of minerals………………………………………………. 10
1.5. The procedure for performing practical work…………………………… 11
1.6. Control questions…………………………………………………... 12
Practical work 2. The most important rock-forming minerals……… 12
2.1. Classifications of minerals………………………………………………… 13
2.2. The procedure for performing practical work…………………………..... 24
2.3. Control questions…………………………………………………..... 25
Practical work 3. Fundamentals of petrography. Igneous mountain
breeds…………………………………………….. 25
3.1. The most important characteristics of rocks and soils.....…………….. 25
3.2. Igneous rocks…………………………………………………. 33
3.3. The procedure for performing practical work …………………………... 36
3.4. Control questions…………………………………………………... 38
Practical work 4. Sedimentary rocks……………………….. 38
4.1. Features of the genesis and distribution of sedimentary rocks… 38
4.2. Characteristics of clastic sedimentary rocks……………………….. 39
4.3. Characteristics of mixed chemo-biogenic rocks………….……… 48
4.4. The procedure for performing practical work ………………………….. 53
4.5. Control questions…………………………………………………….. 53
Practical work 5. Metamorphic rocks……………… 54
5.1. Features of the genesis and classification of metamorphic
rocks ……………………………………………………………….. 54
5.2. Characteristics of massive rocks ……………………………….......... 56
5.3. Characteristics of shale-banded rocks ……………………… 59
5.4. The procedure for performing practical work ………………………….. 60
5.5. Control questions …………………………………………………….. 60
Bibliographic list ………………………………………………… 61
This is one of the classic works, knowledge of which is necessary even in order to put up a fence in your summer cottage. It explains the work of water (and this is the most powerful force in nature) in changing the relief. Including in the most prestigious and important places - river valleys, the coast of lakes and seas.
======== Development of projects for water treatment and purification, supply of filters in the Crimea, the cities of Simferopol, Sevastopol, Yalta, Alushta, Bakhchisaray and others. Request for [email protected] or by phone +79781499621 Vyacheslav,
+79787381022 Andrey.
Dosing pumps, drip irrigation, turnkey pools with soft fresh and heated sea water, clarification of wines and other alcoholic beverages, decontamination and disinfection. =========
GEOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF RIVERS
Groundwater and temporary streams of atmospheric precipitation, flowing down ravines and gullies, are collected in permanent water flows - rivers. The area from which water flows to the river is called the river basin. Full-flowing rivers perform great geological work - the destruction of rocks (erosion), the transfer and deposition (accumulation) of destruction products.
Erosive activity of rivers.
Erosion is carried out by the dynamic action of water on rocks. In addition, the river flow abrades the rocks with debris carried by the water, and the debris themselves are destroyed and destroy the bed of the stream by friction when rolling. At the same time, water has a dissolving effect on rocks.
The transfer of erosion products is carried out in various ways: in dissolved form, in suspension, by rolling debris along the bottom, saltation (bouncing). In a dissolved state, the river carries up to 25-30% of all material. Dust-clay and fine-sand particles move in suspension.
The size of the debris that can carry water flow, is proportional to the sixth power of its current velocity, which, in turn, is proportional to the longitudinal slope of the channel. Therefore, fast mountain rivers are able to move boulders with a diameter of several meters.
Under certain conditions, the river deposits detrital material. River deposits are called alluvial (aQ).
In the process of eroding and accumulative activity, rivers develop elongated, trough-shaped depressions in bedrock, which are called river valleys. On fig. 112, 113 shows how the river deepens its valley due to erosion, develops a certain longitudinal profile, trying to reach the maximum depth. The position of the profile, as well as the entire erosional activity of the river, depends on the basis of erosion, which is understood as the level of the sea or any other basins into which the river flows (or stops its movement).
As the valley deepens, the river passes through a series of stages. At the first stage, the river bottom has a significant slope, the flow has a high speed, and bottom erosion is intensive. The valley is narrow, deep, like a gorge and a gorge. The detrital material (alluvium) almost all enters the marine basin.
Longitudinal profile of the river valley. How does water develop an equilibrium profile in the relief?
Rice. 112. Longitudinal profile of the river valley:
I - upper course; II - the same, average; III-the same, lower; 1-3 - successive stages of developing a river profile; 4 - direction of bottom erosion; 5 - erosion basis
Mountain rivers, i.e., young rivers, are typical for this stage of development. As the channel approaches its maximum depth, the river passes into the last stage of its development. For a considerable length, the river now has a slight slope. The flow rate is reduced. Gradually, the river develops an equilibrium profile. Deep erosion is replaced by lateral. The river erodes its banks, the channel of the valley wanders (or meanders). The valleys are wide and gentle. The clastic material mostly settles in the channel. The river becomes shallow, shallows, rifts, spits appear. Such rivers are in the stage of old age and are typical of the territories of the plains.
The sequence of stage development of rivers is disturbed by the movement earth's crust(neotectonics), which change the altitudinal position of the erosion base or the upper reaches of the rivers. The lowering of the base of erosion or the uplift of the headwaters leads to the resumption of bottom erosion. The valley deepens again, and the river repeats the stages of its development. The rise of the base of erosion or the lowering of the headwaters reduces the speed of the current, and the accumulation of sediments increases in the valleys. The river is aging fast.
Human production activities have a great influence on the development of rivers. Increased accumulation in any section of the river may be caused by intensive water intake for water supply and irrigation of agricultural land or an increase in solid runoff due to the discharge of waste rock from the mining industry into the river. Discharge into rivers of a large amount of water from irrigated areas can lead to increased erosion activity. The construction of reservoirs, in turn, but in a different way, affects the position of the erosion base of the entire river or part of it. Above the dams, the flow velocities decrease, the accumulation of sediments increases: below the dams, clarified water sharply increases bottom erosion. For example, a decrease in the level of Lake Sevan (Armenia) due to the drawdown of water at hydroelectric stations caused a sharp bottom erosion of the estuarine parts of the rivers flowing into this lake.
During the engineering-geological assessment of territories, the geological activity of rivers should be studied in connection with natural causes and human economic activity. Particular attention is paid to the erosion of river beds, sediment accumulation and shore erosion.
Engineering Geology: Proc. for building. specialist. universities / V.P. Ananiev, A.D. Potapov. - 4th ed., ster. - M .: Higher. school, 2006.-575 s: ill.
The main principles and laws of engineering geology as a science of the rational use of the geological environment in construction are considered. The necessary information from general geology, mineralogy, petrography, geomorphology is presented. The fundamental provisions of hydrogeology are given. The laws of genetic soil science are considered in detail. The most important physical-geological and engineering-geological processes, the mechanism of their manifestation and the main methods of prevention and localization are evaluated. The data on regional features of the engineering-geological situation in Russian Federation and other countries of the world.
The basic principles of engineering-geological surveys for various types of construction, their organization, methods and methods of implementation are outlined, the main instruments and equipment, the methodology for analyzing and interpreting data in various geological and climatic regions are given.
The main provisions of the protection of the geological environment during construction are given.
For students of construction specialties of universities. It can be useful for engineers, as well as teachers.
Preface. . . 3
Introduction 5
Section I. BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT GEOLOGY. nine
Chapter 1. Origin, form and structure of the Earth..... 9
Chapter 2. Thermal regime of the earth's crust 24
Chapter 3. Mineral and petrographic composition of the earth's crust 25
Chapter 4. Geological chronology of the earth's crust. 95
Chapter 5
Chapter 6 .... 125
Section II. GROUND STUDIES 135
Chapter 7 General information and classification of soils 135
Various genesis 140
Chapter 9
Chapter 10. Characteristics of soil classes 201
Chapter 11. Technical soil reclamation 268
Section III. THE GROUNDWATER. 278
Chapter 12. General information about groundwater 278
Chapter 13
Chapter 14. Properties and composition of groundwater 282
Chapter 15. Characteristics of groundwater types 288
Chapter 16 Groundwater Movement 298
Chapter 17. Regime and groundwater reserves 322
Chapter 18
Chapter 19. Groundwater Protection 330
Section IV. GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES ON THE EARTH
SURFACES 334
Chapter 20 Weathering Process 335
Chapter 21
Chapter 22. Geological activity of atmospheric precipitation 347
Chapter 23. Geological activity of rivers 359
Chapter 24. Geological activity of the sea 369
Chapter 25. Geological activity in lakes, reservoirs,
Marshes 377
Chapter 26. Geological activity of glaciers 383
Chapter 27
Chapter 28. Suffosion and Karst Processes 407
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Workings 429
Section V ENGINEERING AND GEOLOGICAL WORKS
FOR CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES 433
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Buildings and structures ……………………………….456
Section VI. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 470
Chapter 35. Protection of the natural environment as a universal task 470
Chapter 36. Environmental protection management, monitoring
And land reclamation 481
Conclusion 487
Geological terms and definitions 488
|
Series: "Bachelor" The main principles and laws of engineering geology as a science of the rational use of the geological environment in construction are considered. The necessary information from general geology, mineralogy, petrography, geomorphology is presented. The fundamental provisions of hydrogeology are given. The laws of genetic soil science are considered in detail. The most important physical-geological and engineering-geological processes, the mechanism of their manifestation and the main methods of prevention and localization are evaluated. The data on regional features of the engineering-geological situation in the Russian Federation and other countries of the world are given. The basic principles of engineering-geological surveys for various types of construction, their organization, methods and methods of implementation are outlined, the main instruments and equipment, the methodology for analyzing and interpreting data in various geological and climatic regions are given. The main provisions of the protection of the geological environment during construction are given. For students of construction specialties of universities. It can be useful for engineers, as well as teachers. Publisher: "Infra-M" (2016)
ISBN: 978-5-16-010406-5,978-5-16-011775-1 |
Other books by the author:
| Book | Description | Year | Price | book type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The main principles and laws of engineering geology as a science of the rational use of the geological environment in construction are considered. The necessary information from general geology, mineralogy is presented ... - INFRA-M, Bachelor's degree | paper book | |||
| The textbook contains the most important characteristics of soils, features of the influence of geological processes on the adoption of design decisions for the construction of linear structures, technologies for their construction in ... - Infra-M, Bachelor's degree | paper book | |||
| Special engineering geology | The textbook contains the most important characteristics of soils, features of the influence of geological processes on the adoption of design decisions for the construction of linear structures, technologies for their construction in ... - INFRA-M, Bachelor's degree | paper book |
See also other dictionaries:
The science of the geological cycle, a branch of geology that studies the morphology, dynamics and regional features of the upper horizons of the earth's crust (lithosphere) and their interaction with engineering structures (elements of the technosphere) in connection with the implemented, ... ... Wikipedia
Regional engineering geology is a scientific direction of engineering geology that studies the regional patterns of development of the upper horizons of the earth's crust (lithosphere) and their interaction with engineering structures in connection with the implemented, ... ... Wikipedia
Engineering geodynamics is a scientific direction of engineering geology that studies the mechanism, dynamics, local patterns of formation of natural and anthropogenic geological (geological engineering) processes in the upper horizons of the earth's crust ... Wikipedia
Engineering protection territories, buildings and structures is a complex of engineering structures and measures aimed at preventing the negative impact of hazardous geological, environmental and other processes on the territory, buildings and ... ... Wikipedia
Mineral geology is an applied branch of geology that studies mineral deposits, their structure, composition, formation conditions and patterns of placement in the bowels of the Earth. The goal of mineral geology is to create ... ... Wikipedia
Wikipedia has articles about other people named Vladimir Korolyov. Wikipedia has articles about other people with that surname, see Korolev. Vladimir Alexandrovich Korolev ... Wikipedia
Maths Scientific research in the field of mathematics began to be carried out in Russia in the 18th century, when L. Euler, D. Bernoulli, and other Western European scientists became members of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. According to the plan of Peter I, academicians foreigners ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (03/11/1927, the village of Tochna Monastyrshchinsky district in the Smrlensk region) engineer geologist, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1988), doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences (1968), professor of the department of engineering geology and protection of the geological environment ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia
Geological environment upper horizons of the lithosphere interacting (actually or potentially) with the technosphere (technical objects). According to E. M. Sergeev (1979), the geological environment is understood as “ top part lithosphere, ... ... Wikipedia
Geotectonic processes according to the concept of plate tectonics Plate tectonics is a modern geological theory about the movement of the lithosphere, according to which the earth's crust consists ... Wikipedia
This article should be wikified. Please, format it according to the rules for formatting articles. The ecological functions of the lithosphere are the whole variety of functions that determine and reflect the role and importance of the lithosphere, including groundwater, oil, ... ... Wikipedia
Edition: High school, Moscow, 2005, 575 pages, UDC: 550.8, ISBN: 5-06-003690-1
Language(s) Russian
The main principles and laws of engineering geology as a science of the rational use of the geological environment in construction are considered. The necessary information from general geology, mineralogy, petrography, geomorphology is presented. The fundamental provisions of hydrogeology are given. The laws of genetic soil science are considered in detail. The most important physical-geological and engineering-geological processes, the mechanism of their manifestation and the main methods of prevention and localization are evaluated. The data on regional features of the engineering-geological situation in the Russian Federation and other countries of the world are given.
The basic principles of engineering-geological surveys for various types of construction, their organization, methods and methods of implementation are outlined, the main instruments and equipment, the methodology for analyzing and interpreting data in various geological and climatic regions are given.
The main provisions of the protection of the geological environment during construction are given.
For students of construction specialties of universities. It can be useful for engineers, as well as teachers.
This edition has undergone some changes based on the analysis of the use of the 2nd edition of the textbook in educational process many universities in Russia. The book was written in accordance with the newly developed and approved exemplary program discipline "Engineering Geology" in accordance with the current exemplary curricula training of graduates in the direction of "Construction" within the framework of the State educational standard.
The textbook has been prepared on the basis of modern concepts of engineering and geological science and its latest achievements. In this edition, the text has been revised, materials have been updated in accordance with the newly enacted regulatory literature in the field of construction, especially sections such as genetic soil science, the basics of hydrogeology, and the protection of the natural geological environment. In the third edition, the universality of the content of the textbook has been preserved in order to use students of different specialties and areas of training of builders and architects. With certain methodological techniques, the textbook can be useful for students of secondary specialized educational institutions.
The textbook can be used as a methodological and practical guide for civil engineers in production and design activities, as well as specialists from survey organizations. The 3rd edition of the textbook "Engineering Geology" is considered as a basic element of the educational, methodological and didactic support of this discipline and provides for the possibility of using the textbook "Tasks and exercises in engineering geology" as recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation (S.N. Chernyshev, A.N. .Chumachenko, I.L. Revelis), and intrauniversity teaching aids And guidelines, which in general should significantly improve the quality of the knowledge acquired by students in engineering geology. The textbook is focused on the use of teachers construction universities in their practical work. When developing the 3rd edition of the textbook, illustrative and factual materials were used, kindly provided by prof. Milinko Vasic from the University of Novi Sad. Professor, Cand. tech. Sciences G.A. Paushkin. The authors are grateful for their help in the editorial work on the text of the textbook and compiling the dictionary of Art. teacher T.G. Bogomolov, as well as for help in preparing the manuscript of the 3rd edition of the textbook for engineers I.O. Bogomolov and A.V. Manko. The authors are grateful for the valuable comments and suggestions made by Prof. V.M. Kutepov, Assoc. N.A. Filkin, prof. V.I. Osipov, prof. S.N. Chernyshev, prof. I.V.Dudler and others, which made it possible to improve the structure and content of the textbook.
Geology - a complex of sciences about the composition, structure, history of the development of the Earth, the movements of the earth's crust and the placement of minerals in the bowels of the Earth. The main object of study, based on practical tasks man is the earth's crust.
Geology is one of the main natural sciences and became an independent branch of natural science in the XVIII - early XIX century. Among the founders of scientific geology, the great Russian scientist M.V.
During the 19th century, independent scientific disciplines were formed in geology, having individual geological phenomena as objects of study. In particular, V.M. Severgin, A.N. Zavaritsky, A.E. Fersman made a very significant contribution to the development of mineralogy and petrography in Russia. The creation of historical and dynamic geology is closely connected with the names of V.A.Obruchev, I.V.Mushketov, A.P.Pavlov, A.D.Arkhangelsky, N.M.Strakhov.
By the end of the 19th century, the time had come for the formation of such young branches of geology as hydrogeology and engineering geology. The main reason for their occurrence was the active development for the construction of new territories, the need for water reserves for industrial purposes. The main role in the development of these disciplines was played by scientific works F.P.Savarensky, M.M.Filatov, V.V.Okhotin, and from foreign countries - K.Terzaghi.
At present, geology is a typical natural science, which has a complex character and consists of more than twenty scientific disciplines such as stratigraphy, tectonics, mineralogy, petrography, lithology, seismology, paleontology, geocryology, the study of minerals, geophysics, engineering geology and hydrogeology, etc.
The textbook focuses on those geological disciplines that are in one way or another related to construction issues. These are mineralogy and petrography - the sciences of minerals and rocks; dynamic geology - the doctrine of the processes occurring on the surface and in the depths of the Earth; historical geology, which studies the history of the development of the Earth; hydrogeology - the science of groundwater; geomorphology - a discipline that studies the development of the relief of the surface of the earth's crust.
In the last century, engineering geology has received special development - a science that studies the properties of rocks (soils), natural geological and technogenic-geological (engineering-geological) processes in the upper horizons of the earth's crust in connection with human construction activities.
The formation of engineering geology as an independent branch of geology took place in several stages: the first stage, dating back to the end of the 19th and the first third of the 20th century, is characterized, first of all, by the accumulation of experience in using geological data for the construction of various objects, but mass construction played a special role in this railways in the industrialized countries of the world. In Russia, for example, at that time railway lines were being laid through the Caucasus Range, and the Trans-Siberian Railway was being built. The length of roadbeds, a significant number of bridges and crossings, station structures allowed builders to get acquainted with very different geological conditions over vast territories. Geology first began to find practical use in solving specific construction problems.
At the second stage, in the second third of the 20th century, engineering geology established itself as an independent science and became a necessary and in many ways an integral part of the construction industry. Geological engineers have acquired the necessary experience and developed methods for assessing the properties of rocks (soils) not only qualitatively, but also, which is especially important for the design of objects, quantitatively. Norms and technical conditions have appeared for construction in various, including very difficult geological and climatic conditions and with the development of dangerous natural processes (permafrost, seismic regions, loess subsidence soils, landslide-prone regions, etc.). Specialized engineering and geological survey organizations began to function, equipped with the necessary equipment, instruments and highly qualified personnel. The first scientific monographs on engineering geology appeared (N.V.Bobkov, 1931, N.N.Maslov, 1934, etc.). An extraordinary role in the formation of engineering geology as a science was played by the work of F.P. Saverinsky "Engineering Geology", in which the main regularities were substantiated, methods and tasks of engineering geology were determined. In subsequent decades, Russian scientists - I.V. Popov, V.A. Priklonsky, N.Ya. Denisov, N.V. Kolomensky, E.M. Sergeev, V.D. Lomtadze, L .D.Bely and others.
Last third of the 20th century is an important stage in the development of engineering geology, which has become an independent, very extensive branch of the complex of Earth sciences, capable of solving the most complex problems, providing the construction of objects in various, including the most difficult and unfavorable geological conditions. In modern conditions, engineering geology studies the geological environment for the purposes of construction and to ensure its rational use and protection from processes and phenomena that are unfavorable to humans. significant role in the development of engineering geology in this stage the works of V.I. Osipov, V.P. Ananiev, V.T. Trofimov, G.K. Bondarik, I.S. Komarov, G.S. Zolotarev and other modern scientists play. The development of construction activities and the evolution of engineering geology associated with it is currently bringing it closer to the complex of environmental sciences. Modern engineering geology is based on knowledge in the field of both natural sciences, such as physics, chemistry, higher mathematics, biology, ecology, geography, astronomy, and applied knowledge - hydraulics, geodesy, climatology, computer science, etc.
Engineering geology in the classical view includes three main independent, closely related scientific directions, studying the three main elements of the geological environment:
Soil science - rocks (soils) and soils;
Engineering geodynamics - natural and anthropogenic geological processes and phenomena;
Regional engineering geology - the structure and properties of the geological environment of a certain territory.
In addition, modern engineering geology includes many special sections that have the level of independent sciences: soil mechanics; rock mechanics; engineering hydrogeology; engineering geophysics; geocryology (permafrost). Marine engineering geology is intensively developing, as well as a complex discipline for the protection of the natural environment, the basis of which is geoecology as a science of conditions and processes in the most important life-supporting geospheres: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and their interactions with the biosphere, including anthropogenic influence. In other words, engineering geology is increasingly approaching environmental issues in solving problems.
The main goal of engineering geology is to study the natural geological situation of the area before the start of construction, as well as to predict the changes that will occur in the geological environment, and primarily in rocks, during the construction process and during the operation of structures. In modern conditions, not a single building or structure can be designed, built and reliably operated (and subsequently can be liquidated or reconstructed) without reliable and complete engineering-geological materials.
All this determines the main tasks that geologists face in the process of survey work even before the design of an object (when making a decision on construction, project investment, etc.), namely:
Selection of the optimal (favorable) geological location (site, area) for the construction of this facility;
Identification of engineering and geological conditions in order to determine the most rational designs of foundations and the facility as a whole, as well as the technology of construction work;
Students of construction universities who study engineering geology also face quite specific tasks. Upon completion of the training, they should know the most important laws and basic concepts in general geology, hydrogeology, soil science, engineering geodynamics, regional engineering geology, master the main provisions of regulatory literature, such as SNiP 11.02-96 "Engineering surveys for construction", SNiP 2.01.15-90 "Engineering protection of territories, buildings and structures from hazardous geological processes”, GOST 25100-95 “Soils”, etc.; have an idea about the composition and procedure for preparing the terms of reference for engineering and geological surveys, about the composition of the program of engineering and geological surveys, be able to competently analyze the materials of the report on engineering and geological surveys, make correct engineering and construction decisions based on these data, evaluate the long-term impact of constructed facilities on natural environment, as well as how this environment affects the normal operation of buildings and structures.
A complex knot of problems arising from the interaction of modern construction objects with the environment, including the geological environment, determines the need for a civil engineer to have knowledge in engineering geology, and for a geological engineer - in the field of construction. At present, only such “interpenetration” makes it possible to competently and environmentally solve all problems in the construction, operation, reconstruction and liquidation of construction projects, i.e. throughout the entire “ life cycle» construction project, including on the basis of the newly developing geoecological science, which covers the interaction of all the main geospheric life-supporting shells and their impact on the human environment, as well as the feedback of construction on these geospheres, including the biosphere.
- In contact with 0
- Google Plus 0
- OK 0
- Facebook 0
