Eco-friendly school project. International School Scientific Bulletin

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Introduction.

The availability of energy has always been a prerequisite for satisfying basic human needs, increasing his life expectancy and raising his standard of living. A correct assessment of the scale of future energy and the place of various energy sources in it is necessary to solve the problems of energy supply, without which further economic growth of the world as a whole and of its individual regions and states is impossible. The scale and nature of human impact on nature today are such that they threaten the very existence of modern man. He simply may not have time to adapt to changes in nature, at such a speed they begin to occur. Energy, providing human life, has a significant impact on environment.

With the development of science and technology, new ways of the most rational use of natural resources country. The known methods of generating energy require expensive equipment and depend on the territorial factor - energy can be obtained with their help only in certain places. One of the "forgotten" types of raw materials is biogas, which was used in Ancient China and rediscovered in our time. Raw materials for biogas production can be found in almost any area where agriculture is developed, primarily animal husbandry, the costs of creating installations for biogenerators are relatively low, and the production itself is environmentally friendly. For processing, cheap agricultural waste is used - animal manure, poultry droppings, straw, wood waste, weeds, household waste and organic waste, human waste.

Target: Creation of an "eco-home" project that can fully provide itself with energy and heat.

Tasks:

Study the properties of biofuel and its derived products;

Create your own portable biogenerator at home.

Consider positive and negative sides"Eco-house", its construction and providing it with heat and energy;

Consider the cost of integrated heat and power generation.

Relevance:

The technology of building domed houses has existed for more than 30 years - since the construction of the first domed house in Alaska by its inventor Hut Heddock. Until recently, these panel, quickly erected houses remained little known and inaccessible to the consumer. The situation changed dramatically when the Japanese became interested in the project and in practice proved its extreme attractiveness for business and private developers. However, there is no project combining a tea house and a domed house. Although, in our opinion, such buildings are very convenient for summer cottages and hotel complexes (tourist centers).

In autumn, according to tradition, the wipers burn the fallen leaves. These days it is simply impossible to go outside, everywhere there is this disgusting smell of smoke. But in other countries, they are trying to get some good from the fallen leaves. For example, in Japan they are planning to use them to heat tea houses or even open-air cafes.

Leaves fallen from trees in the fall can make excellent compost. The main thing is not to be lazy and come up with a way to use it. And while our janitors are still turning our lives into hell by burning these leaves, in Japan they have learned to heat rooms with fallen leaves. Tokyo-based architecture firm Bakoko has designed teahouses for parks that will be heated using compost from fallen leaves.

There will be several containers around the perimeter of these structures, where Japanese wipers will put the leaves. There they will rot, decompose and generate heat at the same time. Thanks to a specially designed circulation system, hot (up to 120 degrees Celsius) air will be supplied to a kind of fireplace in the center of the house. And the people gathered inside will warm from it. In addition, in this way it is also possible to heat open terraces of cafes, places of mass gatherings of people, private houses with their own gardens and even stadiums. The main thing is to be able to use what nature gives us, and not mindlessly destroy it.

, composite material ease

The problem is that materials such as concrete and brick are quite expensive. To solve it, we combined the shape of a domed house with an eco-gazebo, without a complicated foundation. Instead of foam, we want to use a composite material (more durable, environmentally friendly).

Hypothesis: The resulting project "Eco-House", which has a number of advantages, can be used in construction as country houses, tourist centers.

Chapter 1 Biogas, its characteristics.

1.1 From the history of the origin and study of biogas

Separate cases of the use of biogas were known as early as BC. in India, Persia, Assyria. In the 17th century, Jan Baptiste Van Helmont discovered that decomposing biomass gives off flammable gases. In 1764 Benjamin Franklin described an experiment in which he succeeded in setting fire to the surface of a swampy lake. Alessandro Volta in 1776 came to the conclusion that there is a relationship between the amount of decomposing biomass and the amount of gas released. In 1808 Sir Humphrey Davy discovered methane in biogas. Scientific research on biogas and its properties began only in the 18th century. Russian scientist Popov studied the effect of temperature on the amount of gas released. It was found that even at a temperature of 6 ° C, river sediments begin to emit biogas, and with an increase in temperature, its volumes increase.

After establishing the presence of methane in bog gas and discovering it chemical formula European scientists have taken the first steps in the study of the field practical application biogas. In 1881, European scientists conducted a series of experiments on the use of biogas for space heating and street lighting. Since 1895, the city of Exeter has fueled streetlights with fermented gas. Wastewater... In Bombay, gas was collected in manifolds and used as fuel in various engines. German scientists in 1914-1921 improved the process of obtaining biogas, which consisted in the use of constant heating of containers with raw materials. During the First World War, there was a shortage of fuel, which prompted the spread of biogas plants throughout Europe.

One of the most important stages in the development of biogas technologies was the experiments on combining various types of raw materials for installations in the 30s. XX century. In 1911, a plant was built in Birmingham to disinfect the city's wastewater, and the biogas produced was used to generate electricity. During World War II, to replenish rapidly depleting energy reserves in Germany, biogas was developed from manure. At that time, about 2 thousand biogas plants were in operation in France, their experience was extended to neighboring countries. In Hungary, for example, as noted Soviet soldiers that liberated the country, manure was not dumped into heaps, but loaded into special containers, from which they received combustible gas. After the war, cheap energy sources (natural gas, liquid fuels) replaced installations. They returned to them only in the 1970s. after the energy crisis. In Southeast Asian countries with a high population density, warm climate essential for the efficient operation of plants, the development of biogas plants formed the basis of national programs. Today biogas technologies have become the standard for wastewater treatment and waste processing in many countries of the world.

1.2 Composition of biogas.

Biogas is obtained as a result of anaerobic fermentation of organic substances of various origins ( see Appendix 1). "Methane fermentation" occurs during the decomposition of organic substances as a result of the vital activity of two main groups of microorganisms. One group of microorganisms commonly referred to as acid-forming bacteria, or fermentative microorganisms. It breaks down complex organic compounds (fiber, proteins, fats, etc.) into simpler ones. At the same time, primary fermentation products appear in the fermentation medium - volatile fatty acids, lower alcohols, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, acetic and formic acid and others. These less complex organic substances are a source of nutrition for the second group of bacteria - methane-forming ones, which convert organic acids into the required methane, as well as carbon dioxide, etc.

A great variety of micro-organisms participate in this complex complex of transformations, according to some sources - up to a thousand species, but the main one is still methane-forming bacteria. Methane-forming bacteria multiply much more slowly and are more sensitive to environmental changes than acid-forming microorganisms - fermentors, therefore volatile acids accumulate in the fermentation medium first, and the first stage of methane fermentation is called acidic. Then the rates of formation and processing of acids are leveled, so that further the decomposition of the substrate and the formation of gas proceed simultaneously. And naturally, the intensity of gas emission depends on the conditions that are created for the vital activity of methane-forming bacteria.

Both acid-forming and methane-forming bacteria are found everywhere in nature, in particular in animal excrement. It is believed that cattle manure contains the full range of microorganisms necessary for its fermentation. And this is confirmed by the fact that the process of methane formation is constantly going on in the rumen and intestines of ruminants. Therefore, it is not necessary to use pure cultures of methane-forming bacteria for biogas production in order to induce the fermentation process. It is enough only to provide suitable conditions for bacteria already present in the substrate for their vital activity. So biogas is income from waste.

The composition of our biomass: chicken droppings - 50%, cleaning vegetables and fruits - 40%, sawdust and sludge from cleaning devices - 10%

1.3 Biogas plants.

A biogas plant is called a bioreactor because a reaction takes place in it, the result of which is biogas. The gas production process goes through several stages:

At the beginning of the process, raw materials are loaded into the bioreactor.

In a special installation, raw materials are prepared, homogenized, and mixed.

Thanks to special bacteria, a process called anaerobic (oxygen-free) fermentation takes place, the product of which is biogas.

The biogas is then sent for further use.

Waste raw materials can be used as biofertilizer, which contains the necessary trace elements

Installation benefits are as follows:

Environmental. The installation allows to reduce the sanitary zone of the enterprise several times. Reduce emissions carbon dioxide in atmosphere;

Energy. By burning biogas without enrichment, you can get electricity and heat;

Economic. The construction of a biogas plant will save on costs for the construction of treatment facilities and waste disposal;

The installation can serve as an autonomous energy source for our remote regions. It is no secret that there are still interruptions in the supply of electricity in many areas. Perhaps this sounds somewhat utopian, the installation itself is not cheap, but the installation of such biogas plants would be an option for residents of disadvantaged regions;

Biogas plants can be located in any region of the country and do not require construction and expensive gas pipelines.

The biogas produced from the plants can be used as fuel for internal combustion engines.

At home, a biogas plant can be an insulated sealed container with pipes for gas removal. The higher the outside air temperature, the faster the reaction in the reactor. You can take a barrel for the reactor. Naturally, the larger the barrel volume, the more gas will be produced. When laying raw materials, it is necessary to leave a place for the gas to escape. A container, preferably round, for assembly and storage is connected to the barrel with the help of pipes and a pump for pumping out biogas. It happens that after the first filling of the reactor and the start of gas extraction, it does not burn. This is because the gas contains 60% carbon dioxide. It must be released, and after a few days the operation of the installation will stabilize. Gas must be vented periodically to prevent explosion. You can get up to 40 m 3 of gas per day. The processed mass is removed through a pipe for unloading by loading a new portion of raw materials. The waste mass is an excellent fertilizer for the earth.

Advantages of biogas power plants:

solid and liquid waste has a specific smell that repels flies and rodents;

the ability to produce a useful end product - methane, which is a clean and convenient fuel;

during fermentation, weed seeds and some of the pathogens die;

during fermentation, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizer ingredients are almost completely preserved, part of the organic nitrogen is converted into ammonia nitrogen, and this increases its value;

the fermentation residue can be used as animal feed;

biogas fermentation does not require the use of oxygen from the air;

the anaerobic sludge can be stored for several months without the addition of nutrients, and then fermentation can quickly start again when the primary raw material is loaded.

• Disadvantages of biogas power plants:

complex device and requires relatively large investments in construction;

required high level construction, management and maintenance;

the initial anaerobic propagation of fermentation is slow.

1.3.1 Stages of biogas plant operation.

Stage 1: Delivery of processed products and waste to the installation. In some cases, it is advisable to heat the waste in order to increase its rate of fermentation and decay in the bioreactor.

Stage 2: Recycling in the reactor. After the transition tank, the prepared waste enters the reactor. A high-quality reactor is a sealed structure with heat and gas insulation, since the slightest ingress of air or a decrease in temperature will stop the fermentation and decomposition process. The reactor operates without oxygen, in a completely closed environment. Several times a day, with the help of a pump, new portions of the processed substance can be added to it. This device mixes the substance in the reactor at regular intervals.

Stage 3: The exit of the finished product. After a certain time (from several hours to several days), the first results of fermentation appear. These are biogas and biological fertilizers. As a result, the resulting biogas enters the gas storage tank, is dried and can be used as ordinary natural gas. In turn, biological fertilizers pass through a separator tank, where they are separated into solid and liquid fertilizers. Fertilizers do not require additional processing, therefore they are immediately used for their intended purpose. It should be noted that the trade in such fertilizers is quite a profitable business. The work of the biogas plant is continuous.

Benefits of using a biogas plant.

The biogas plant is a truly magical device that allows you to get really necessary things from waste and manure. In particular, you can get:

• Biological fertilizers

  Electrical and thermal energy.

1.4 Ways of using household biogas.

In everyday life, biogas can be widely used. According to their physical properties, biogas is similar to methane. Therefore, almost all universal household equipment operating on the fuel we are used to is perfectly suited for operation on biogas. The only difficulty may be that biogas, in comparison with natural gas, has a slightly worse ignition ability, which causes slight difficulties in regulating the latter. (For example, when installing the tap on "low fire" in kitchen stoves (this is due to the different pressure of the two gases on the pipe walls)). The devices that actually work flawlessly on biogas are:

Burners for heating installations (these devices are used in the heating system of residential premises for heating air in various dryers and air conditioners, and both conventional burners with atmospheric air intake and blown burners are used)

Water heaters

Gas stoves with burners on the top surface and an oven (our range of cookers).

Biogas can be used both in agriculture and in households, the main types of energy consumption here are (see Appendix, table 2):

Heating water for domestic needs

Heating of residential and non-residential premises

Cooking food

Food preservation

Biogas also possesses high anti-knock properties and can serve as an excellent fuel for internal combustion engines with positive ignition and for diesel engines, without requiring additional re-equipment (only adjustment of the power supply system is required). Comparative tests of scientists have shown that the specific consumption of diesel fuel is 220 g / kWh of nominal power, and that of biogas is 0.4 m3 / kWh. This requires about 300 g / kWh (mb - 300 g) starting fuel (diesel fuel used as a "fuse" for biogas). As a result, diesel savings were 86%.

Chapter 2. The use of block houses in construction.

2.1. Japanese teahouses

Tokyo-based architecture firm Bakoko Design Development has designed domed teahouses for parks that will be heated with compost from fallen leaves.

The structure of the teahouse consists of a series of large, specially shaped compost containers located in a circle around the body of the house, where Japanese janitors will put the leaves. The top door is opened for loading into the composter. Organic material is thrown there for composting. The finished compost can be unloaded through the door located at the bottom of each compost bin. There they will rot, decompose and generate heat at the same time. A system of sealed pipes is laid through all containers, and due to the circulation of air inside the container, the decomposing compost heats up the pipes that heat the room.

The pipes are located under the table, visitors sit comfortably on a circular bench around the heat source, and the transparent domed roof provides the house with diffused natural light as much as possible.

Thanks to a specially designed circulation system, hot (up to 120 degrees Celsius) air will be supplied to a kind of fireplace in the center of the house. And the people gathered inside will warm from it. In addition, in this way it is also possible to heat open terraces of cafes, places of mass gatherings of people, private houses with their own gardens and even stadiums.

The design team is currently working on some technical details such as good aeration of the compost, effective moisture control and reduction of specific odors. They plan to build a prototype of the lodge very soon.

According to Bakoko, this lodge design is best suited for recreational facilities in large city parks, public and private gardens, and can also serve as an outdoor café. In general, the house can be installed anywhere where a continuous supply of organic waste can be organized for fuel. In order not to be unfounded, I will give an example of the successful experience of Japanese students (no, they are not at all pioneers in this, but their creation clearly proves the consistency of this idea).

Another version of the "eco-home" was invented by Japanese students who used straw composting to heat the room. The straw is enclosed in transparent, acrylic boxes distributed around the perimeter of the walls of the house. The eco-home uses a simple, low-odor composting technique called bakashi. Their creation heats up to 30 degrees Celsius for 4 weeks! Of course, this “dwelling house” will require additional maintenance as the straw needs to be changed several times a year, but it is a fascinating concept to take advantage of naturally generated energy.

2.4. Design technology for obtaining peat blocks and their practical significance

We decided to try to combine the acquired knowledge to create a new "eco-house". The shape of the house was suggested by the domed buildings. But instead of foam blocks, we want to offer another version of the wall plate. The high school kids have experimented with making wall panels for several years. One of the variants of the slab was made according to the principle of a scientific group under the guidance of prof. Suvorov V.I. It contains peat and foam crumbs. Highly dispersed peat with a consistency of average between creamy and closer to butter (from raw materials of medium decomposition, having a fibrous structure, which makes it possible to obtain high-quality products from it by pressing). All components are mixed, and the mass concentration of the components, the moisture content of the peat mass, and other parameters are determined empirically. Next, the resulting mass is vibrated in a mold, under relatively low pressure to release weakly bound water, and it is held in the mold until the plate dries at least to a moisture content of 55-60% (strength is gained during the drying process). Then the final drying can be carried out without formwork, preferably in room conditions, since during drying the slab will shrink and there is a high probability of cracking. During drying, a complex process occurs, including the phenomena of shrinkage, compaction, structure formation, phase transitions of chemical transformations. Temperature will speed up drying, but may degrade performance.

The bactericidal nature of such plates is such that, according to experts, Koch's tubercle bacillus, brucella and other pathogens, when touched with the material, die within 24 hours. Peat, being an antiseptic, destroys them.

The material has an amazing getter capacity. It reduces the level of penetrating radiation up to five times, “breathes” like a tree, absorbing steam in case of its excess and returning it in case of lack. In terms of strength, it is unmatched, withstands a load of 8-12 kilograms per square centimeter. In terms of durability, "Geokar" is akin to stone or concrete structures. It is not only durable, lightweight, but also an excellent adsorbent. For example, the level of radiation in a room from peat is reduced by five times.

2.3. Dome "eco-house"

Foam domed houses were first built in Japan. It was there that experts identified the main properties of such a material, which make it possible to use it not only as an auxiliary tool, but also as the main material.

The proposed domed house is 1 00% cost savings on the supporting frame , composite material , thanks to the dome structure of the house, it safely takes on the functions of a supporting frame, ease and a small number of supporting structures, low heating costs.

Materials such as concrete and brick are quite expensive. To solve this problem, we combined the shape of a domed house with an eco-gazebo, without a complicated foundation. Instead of foam, we want to use a composite material that was developed by a scientific group led by prof. Suvorov V.I., Department of Peat Business, Tver State University. The cost of the house due to the composite material will increase, but it will become more durable, environmentally friendly and fit well into the surrounding landscape. And the biogas plant used for heating will satisfy the needs for heat and hot water. Energy will be provided by a solar concentrator installed on the roof and a wind turbine. For example, to maintain a comfortable temperature in a standard house with a radius of 8-12 meters, a heater with a capacity of only 600 watts is enough.

The main advantages of such a house:

1. By and large, this is the only technology that allows you to make a strong and durable house quickly and without the help of professional builders.

2. Saving money.

3. Multiple time savings, on turnkey construction.

4. Lightness and a small number of supporting structures, allows building in remote and inaccessible places - this factor is very important for the arrangement of mountain tourist routes and bases.

5. High attractiveness for tourists and tenants, which is ensured by the unusual shape of the spherical houses.

6. Record low heating costs for circular houses in winter period... 7. Since a composite material is used in the construction of the house, excellent thermal insulation of the room is guaranteed, and thanks to its domed shape, the air circulates freely due to convection without the formation of stagnant zones in the corners. Therefore, heating and air conditioning costs are significantly reduced. Dom-Kupol is an incredibly energy efficient building. Due to the peat in building blocks, the slabs have bactericidal properties, so the fungus is not terrible for such a house. The "thermos effect" will be reduced due to the properties of the composite board.

8.This building material is environmentally friendly and does not undergo chemical treatment. After formation, the blocks are sent to the drying chamber, but are not fired, which allows preserving the natural properties of this raw material.

9. Not only is the dome of the House one of the most stable forms in nature, unlike iron, it will never corrode, unlike wood, it will not undergo rot, fungus or insect infestation. The residential dome concept offers a comfortable living space for a very long life.

10. Storm resistance. Aerodynamic properties of the canopy with a wing effect, successfully withstand the pressure of strong winds.

11. The composite dome is not only the most stable structure, but also extremely light in weight. The consequence of this is low inertia when rocking. It is because of this lightness that the Dome-House withstands the most severe earthquakes without any special consequences.

The problem of creating cheap and sustainable housing has been and remains an object of research and innovation.

Chapter 3. Joint production of heat and electricity

With the combined generation of thermal and electrical energy with the help of one generator, biogas is used as a fuel in internal combustion engines that drive the generator to generate the mains current (also called alternating current or three-phase current). The excess heat that occurs when the engine is running from the cooling system and exhaust gases can be used for heating. Of all the possible uses, the latter has gained the most importance. After the entry into force of the EU Energy Law of April 1, 2004, it is for small producers that there are a number of advantages in paying for electricity from renewable energy sources. The price for the generated kWh of electricity is currently fixed at 0.115 Euro / kWh as the base price. Power generation therefore has significant economic advantages over heating only.

Example: biogas with a methane content of 60% has an energy value of 6 kW * h / m³

Energy output from 1 liter of fuel oil is 10 kWh of energy; if hypothetically it is 45 cents / l, then the energy cost will be 4.5 cents / kWh

When used for thermal purposes with an efficiency of 90%, the cost of biogas will be:

6 kW * h / m³ x 0.9 x 4.5 cents / kW * h = 5.4 kW * h / m³ x 4.5 cents / kW * h = 24.3 cents / m³ biogas

When used for the purpose of obtaining energy in generators for the generation of thermal and electrical energy we can derive the following equation

(Prerequisite: 35% electrical efficiency, 11.5 cents / kWh)

Power generation: 6 kW * h / m³ x 0.35 x 17.5 cents / kW * h = 36.75 cents / m³

Using excess heat: 6 kW * h / m³ x 0.50 x 4.5 cents / kW * h = 13.50 cents / m³

Total use for electricity generation and use of surplus heat = 50.25 cents / m³

The comparison shows the economic benefits of using it for power generation versus using it for thermal benefit alone. For further assessments, other factors should also be taken into account, such as the cost of generating electricity (connection to the grid, generator, etc.) and use for the purpose of obtaining thermal benefits (application possibilities, CHP, etc.). In addition, electricity generation has the great advantage that it is possible to guarantee the purchase of electricity at guaranteed prices, while it is often difficult to find a use for excess heat for installations located far from villages.

Two different methods are possible for generating electricity:

1. Demand-Based Manufacturing... In this case, the generation of electricity occurs to the extent of the need, which in particular also means that if more electricity is required, then more of it is generated.

2. Uniform production... In this case, the engine runs predominantly 24 hours a day, always with the same performance. The engine power is set by means of a gas supply and a manual vent in such a way that, if possible, all the supplied gas is consumed and only a small amount of it does not accumulate.

Since at present there is no big difference between the electricity generated from biogas and the electricity sent to the grid, as well as the energy used from it, as a rule, direct electricity generation without resorting to a large gas storage facility is chosen, that is, uniform production. Only in some cases, when, for example, the supply of electricity during peak hours is paid accordingly at a higher electricity tariff, as some municipalities or cities offer, then storage of gas in combination with a large generator capacity is economically justified.

Which method is more profitable, you have to decide on a case-by-case basis. In the future, it is desirable that EVUs make possible the use of a third method, in which during peak hours (mainly at lunchtime and in the evening), the electricity generated is better paid than its supply at the rest of the time. Due to the ability to store biogas and the ability to regulate its production over time, this method is relatively easy to implement and would have advantages for both parties.

The main thing is to be able to use what nature gives us, and not mindlessly destroy it.

Conclusion.

With the help of innovative materials it is possible to make the construction of new homes cheaper and safer, and the houses will be more affordable for consumers. It will also be possible to increase the construction area of ​​houses: houses can be in every corner of the globe, since they can be easily adapted to local conditions. In addition to saving energy, energy costs can be reduced by using compost bins, which solve the problem of compost heaps and biological waste in the field.

Our project can change life for the better: houses will become more environmentally friendly, they will be resistant to seismic activity due to their domed shape, in permafrost conditions, they do not need to be connected to a complex foundation, and they will also be cheap at cost.

Such houses will help to save energy, since while we are using exhaustible energy resources, they will give a new direction in construction. And, most importantly, they will be affordable for the residents of our country. The houses themselves will look attractive in tourist centers and summer cottages.

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Annex 1.

Rice. 1. The side of the container against the wall of the "ecohouse"

Figure 2. Diagram of organic matter fermentation

Appendix 2.

Table 1. Main characteristics of biogas

Table 2: Biogas consumption for a room with an area of ​​120 m 2

Table 3.Increase in biogas production when mixing different waste

	Biogas production (%)	Increase in production (%)
Cattle + chicken manure
Bird droppings
Cattle + chicken + pork manure (1: 0.5: 0.5)
Pig manure
Cattle + poultry manure
Cattle + pork manure
Cattle manure
Cattle manure + pine forests

Appendix 3.

Table 4: Diary of observations of the study of the obtained biogas

		Gas quantity per day in l (bottle volume 0.5 l)	Gas observation
		0.25 l. ½ bottle	The emitted jet of gas on the first day was slightly strong, but an unpleasant odor was already felt.
		0.3 l, 2/3 bottles	The jet became slightly stronger, but the expected outbreak did not occur.
		0.32 l, 2/3 bottle	No significant changes were observed.
		0.50 l, ¾ bottles	After moving the bottle with biomass closer to the battery, the gas completely filled the entire volume provided.
		0.80 l, 1 ½ bottle	Gas is picking up much faster than in the past days
		1 l, two bottles	During the day, two full bottles were accumulated, the gas had to be released twice a day.
		1 l, two bottles	No changes were observed.
		1.4l, 2 2/3 bottles	A jet of gas blows out the flame of a candle, gas is collected quickly, the pressure in the bottle is high, and there is still no flash.
		1.5l, 3 bottles	More and more gas is being collected.
		2l, 4 bottles	The smell has become much more disgusting.
		2 ½ l, 4 ½ bottles	No changes were observed.
		2.5 l, 5 bottles	The humus has turned into a slurry.
		3l, 6 bottles	Gas is collected twice as fast.
		3.5 l, 6.5 bottles	There was a flash.

Appendix 4.

Rice. 3. "Ecohouse"

Rice. 4. Layout of "Ecohouse"

Appendix 5.

Rice. 5. Side containers for receiving humus

Rice. 6. Biogas plant

Olga Morozova

The relevance of research... V last years in the education system, close attention is paid to the safety of the educational process, including the safety of the workplace, since their favorable state becomes a prerequisite and one of the criteria for the effectiveness of the activities of primary, secondary and higher educational institutions. Most of the time a person spends within the walls of an educational institution. Nowadays, it is important to study the ecological state of the school ecosystem and human health, since for a further healthy life, a person must know and follow a number of rules to avoid exposure to harmful environmental factors. According to experts from the World Health Organization, a person spends more than 80% of his time in living quarters, therefore, the microclimate of the premises has a great influence on the well-being, performance, and general morbidity of a person.

Object of study- BU "Nizhnevartovsk social and humanitarian college".

Subject of study- classrooms, corridors, dining room, assembly hall.

Purpose of the study- identify favorable and unfavorable factors in the college ecosystem, eliminate or reduce the impact of negative impacts on the health of students and teachers

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Budgetary institution of vocational education

Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region- Ugra

"Nizhnevartovsk social and humanitarian college"

Research work on the topic:

"Eco-friendly school"

Performed:

2nd year student

Morozova O.I.

Leaders:

Sbitneva E.A. biology teacher

Nigmatullina A.R. ecology teacher

Nizhnevartovsk, 2017

INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………… .3

1. College as a heterotrophic system. Actual and Possible. 4
2. Building and decoration materials in the college. Benefit and harm. 8
3. The microclimate of the college and its characteristics …………… .. ……… .10

2. Methodology and research results …………………………… ...… 12

2.1 Determination of the light coefficient ……………………………… 12

2.2 Depth factor ………………………………………… ... 12

2.3. Evaluation of the parameters of the microclimate of the office …………………. …… 13

2.3.1 Air temperature measurement ………………………………… ..13

2.3.2 Measurement of relative air humidity …………………… 13

Conclusion …………………………………………………………… ..15

List of used literature …………………………………… 16

INTRODUCTION

The relevance of research... In recent years, in the education system, close attention has been paid to the safety of the educational process, including the safety of the workplace, since their favorable state becomes a prerequisite and one of the criteria for the effectiveness of the activities of primary, secondary and higher educational institutions. Most of the time a person spends within the walls of an educational institution. Nowadays, it is important to study the ecological state of the school ecosystem and human health, since for a further healthy life, a person must know and follow a number of rules to avoid exposure to harmful environmental factors. According to experts from the World Health Organization, a person spends more than 80% of his time in living quarters, therefore, the microclimate of the premises has a great influence on the well-being, performance, and general morbidity of a person.

Object of study- BU "Nizhnevartovsk social and humanitarian college".

Subject of study- classrooms, corridors, dining room, assembly hall.

Purpose of the study- identify favorable and unfavorable factors in the college ecosystem, eliminate or reduce the impact of negative impacts on the health of students and teachers.

Research objectives:

1. Examine the classrooms of the college for the presence of building and finishing materials used in its construction and interior decoration, which can adversely affect the human body
2. Examine the natural light of the office. Analyze the data from measurements of illumination in classrooms, with calculated data for compliance with SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions"
3. Measure and evaluate the parameters of the microclimate of the office.
4. Monitor the electromagnetic radiation of college classrooms

Practical significance -learn to use the knowledge gained to predict further changes in the human environment and design solutions to environmental problems in college in accordance with the SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for the Conditions and Organization of Education in Educational Institutions."

1. College as a heterotrophic system. Real and Possible.

Eco means home, our area of ​​living. And the sphere of living is, first of all, our apartment and school office. Well-being, attention, the development of fatigue and the general state of health of students largely depend on the quality of the environment in classrooms. Human health depends on many factors:

Biological (hereditary) -20%

Human lifestyle -50 - 55%

Environmental - 20 - 25%

Healthcare organizations - 10%

One of the environmental factors affecting humans is the visual environment. Colors, lighting, arrangement of individual interior items, wall decoration, landscaping - all this creates a favorable and unfavorable environment.

The college as a system exists at the expense of energy and resources coming from outside, and its main inhabitants are students and teachers.

Any ecosystem is characterized by the presence of autotrophs. Autotrophs in the college are represented by houseplants. As you know, plants play not only an aesthetic role, but also a hygienic one, namely: they improve mood, moisturize the atmosphere and release useful substances into it - phytoncides that kill microorganisms.All plants significantly improve the indoor climate, and some have strong healing properties.At our college, we have the minimum of plants that everyone who cares for themselves and their families at least a little is desirable. Plants in the workplace have a positive effect on creativity and focus.

After examining the material on the influence of houseplants in the college and their healing effects, we summarized the data and compiled several tables.

"The main groups of plants according to their impact on the environment"

Group of plants	Kinds	Meaning
Filters	Chlorophytum	Absorbs formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene from the air.
	Dieffenbachia	Cleans the air from toxins coming from the roads; absorbs formaldehyde, xylene, trichlorethylene, benzene
	Dracaena	Absorbs benzene, xylene, trichlorethylene, formaldehyde from the air.
	Aloe	Absorbs formaldehyde from the air.
		absorbs about 10 liters of carbon dioxide per day, emitting 2 - 3 times more oxygen. Pollution neutralizes not only the leaves, but also the earth
	Ficuses	effectively purify the air from toxic formaldehydes, and they not only bind toxic substances, but also feed on them, converting them into sugars and amino acids. the products of benzene evaporation, trichlorethylene, pentachlorophenol are filtered from the air
	Ivy	successfully handle benzene:
Vacuum cleaners	Asparagus	absorbs heavy metal particles.
	Aloe tree	Absorbs dust, formaldehyde and phenol from new furniture
	Dracaena
	Chlorophytum
	Ficus
	Ivy
Ionizers	Cereus	Improve the ionic composition of the air, fill the atmosphere with negatively charged ionsoxygen. But it is these ions that supply energy to the human body.
	Pelargonium
	Conifers
Ozonizers	Ferns	Emit ozone
Phytoncidal	Lemon	Phytoncidal properties are very strong
	Geranium (pelargonium)	Phytoncidal properties are not very strong, however, in the presence of geranium, the number of colonies of protozoan microorganisms is reduced by about 46%.
	Aloe	Significantly reduces the number of protozoa in the air (up to 3.5 times)
	Ficuses	antibacterial properties kill some bacteria faster than garlic phytoncides.
	Asparagus
	Chlorophytum	also has a significant bactericidal effect, in 24 hours this flower almost completely cleans the air from harmful microorganisms

"Special plants and their influence on the human body"

Plant name	Effect on the human body
Aloe (agave)
Geranium	Helps with stress, neuroses
Golden mustache ("homemade ginseng")	Energy donor with high medicinal properties
Cactus	Protects against electromagnetic radiation. The longer the needles, the stronger the protection.
Kalanchoe	Helps to cope with despondency, protects against loss of energy.
Ficus	Gives resistance to anxiety, doubts, experiences
Chlorophytum	Cleans the air. But it has poor bioenergetic properties, so it is better not to place it near, or in the workplace, especially close to the head.
Cyperus	Absorbs human energy. At the same time, it perfectly cleans and moisturizes the air.

"Plants, the volatile secretions of which have a medicinal effect"

Type of plant	Therapeutic action
Monstera is attractive	It has a beneficial effect on people with disorders of the nervous system, eliminates headaches and heart rhythm disturbances
Pelargonium	It has a beneficial effect on the body with functional morbidity of the nervous system, insomnia, neuroses of various etiologies, helps to optimize blood circulation
Officinalis rosemary	It has an anti-inflammatory and sedative effect, stimulates and normalizes the activity of the cardiovascular system, increases the body's immunological reactivity. It is indicated for diseases of the respiratory system, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma
Laurel noble	It has a positive effect on patients with angina pectoris, other diseases of the cardiovascular system, it is useful for mental fatigue, when cerebral blood flow is disturbed.
Lemon	The scent of lemon leaves gives a feeling of vigor, improves general condition, eliminates heaviness in the chest, reduces heart rate, lowers blood pressure

1.2 Building and decoration materials in the college. Benefit and harm

Energy in college, like in the urban system, comes from the outside - in the form of electricity, hot water. As with any system in a college ecosystem, it is important to keep track of resource consumption, especially electricity.

Nowadays, the safety of the built environment is a place where many people spend most his life is gaining great relevance. College building materials and furnishings can be very hazardous to health. So over the past few decades, many new materials have firmly entered into everyday life - from pressed plates to plastic and artificial carpets.

Materials used in the construction and finishing works in the college:

Material name	The degree of harmful effects on the human body
Tree	Environmentally friendly material
Iron reinforcement	Environmentally friendly material
Glass	Environmentally friendly material
Water-based paint	All water-based paints, without exception, do not emit toxins and do not affect the human body in any way. They do not even have a pungent odor inherent in paints based on alkyd resins and solvents.
Oil paint	Toxic effects of heavy metals and organic solvents.
Plastic panels
Linoleum coating	PVC and plasticizers can cause poisoning.
Energy saving fluorescent lamps

Polymer linoleum has the main danger to human health - these are toxic resins that are used in production. Even in the finished product, they can be released into the atmosphere and pose a hazard. PVC - emits, at normal room temperature and, especially in sunlight, volatile unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, hydrogen chloride and foreign odor. Phenol-formaldehyde is also often found in the composition of linoleum, which harms the respiratory system, causes nausea, headaches and can cause the development of malignant neoplasms.

Energy saving light bulbs contain a highly toxic chemical that is very dangerous - mercury. Mercury vapors can cause poisoning because they are poisonous. The composition of mercury includes compounds such as mercury cyanide, calomel, mercuric chloride - they can cause severe harm to the human nervous system, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract. Waste energy-saving and luminescent lamps are disposed of by the college in the company Kommunalnik LLC in Nizhnevartovsk

All premises with a permanent stay of people should, as a rule, have natural light. In the course of evaluating the interior decoration of the classrooms, the following building materials were observed that could adversely affect the health of students and teachers: plastic panels were observed in classrooms: 313, 306 a, 301; the college's small hall is covered with linoleum. The college gymnasium is painted with toxic oil paint. Almost all college classrooms are painted with water-based paint, which is an environmentally friendly building material.

1.3 The microclimate of the college and its characteristics.

Compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards is especially important in our time. Especially in educational institutions. Visiting the place of study every day and spending most of their time in these buildings, students rarely think about health problems.

Temperature, humidity, air ventilation are components of the microclimate. A favorable microclimate is one of the conditions for comfortable well-being and productive work.

Illumination - the luminous flux falling on a unit area of ​​a given surface. Illumination is a characteristic of the illuminated surface, and not of the emitter. In addition to the characteristics of the emitter, the illumination also depends on the geometry and reflective characteristics of the objects surrounding a given surface, as well as on the relative position of the emitter and this surface. Illumination shows how much light falls on a particular surface. Illumination is equal to the ratio of the luminous flux falling on the surface to the area of ​​this surface. The unit of measure for illuminance is 1 lux (lx). 1 lx = 1 lm / m2.

The state of the visual analyzer, the eye, primarily depends on the illumination of the classrooms. Vision gives us the most information about the world around us (about 90%). In low light, visual fatigue quickly sets in, and overall performance decreases. So, during a three-hour visual work at an illumination of 30-50 lx, the stability of clear vision decreases by 37%, and at an illumination of 200 lx it decreases only by 10-15%, therefore the room illumination must correspond to the physiological characteristics of the visual analyzer. Proper lighting protects our eyes and creates so-called visual comfort. Insufficient illumination causes excessive eye strain, high brightness also tires, irritates the eye. In classrooms, left-hand side lighting should be designed.

The illumination of classrooms and offices is influenced by the reflectance of the surface of walls, ceilings and school furniture. Their color is of great importance. Therefore, the desks are painted in bluish gray or light brown.

Light coefficient - the ratio of the area of ​​the glazed surface of the windows to the area of ​​the floor. However, this factor does not take into account climatic conditions, architectural features of the building and other factors that affect the intensity of lighting. So, the intensity of natural light largely depends on the device and location of windows, their orientation to the cardinal points, the shading of windows by nearby buildings, green spaces.

Air temperature has a great influence on human heat exchange. The influence of high air temperature has a very negative effect on such functions of higher nervous activity as attention, accuracy and coordination of movements, reaction speed, ability to switch, and impairment of the mental activity of the body.

Rapid and sharp fluctuations (decreases) in air temperature are especially harmful to health, since the body does not always have time to adapt to them. As a result, they may experience so-called colds.

Various heating systems are used to maintain optimal indoor microclimate conditions. The most widely used low-pressure central water heating with a heating water temperature for educational institutions is 95 degrees Celsius. The cleanliness of the indoor air is achieved by the correct organization of the ventilation of classrooms during recess. End-to-end ventilation is recommended prior to training.

Air humidity should not exceed 40-60%.

The humidity of the air is determined by the content of water vapor in it; it shows the degree of saturation of the air with moisture vapor. Distinguish between absolute, maximum and relative humidity. Normal relative humidity in educational institutions is 30-60%.

2. Methodology and research results

2.1 Determination of the luminous coefficient

To assess natural lighting, a geometric method of lighting rationing was used - the determination of the light coefficient.

Equipment: tape measure or measuring tape.
Progress. Measure the glazed surface of all windows (without frames and bindings) in the surveyed room using a tape measure or a measuring tape and calculate its area in m 2 ... Take a measurement and find the floor area in m 2 .

Calculate the light coefficient according to the formula:

SK = Sо / Sп,

where SK is the light coefficient, So is the area of ​​the glazed surface of the windows, Sп is the floor area.
The value of the light coefficient is expressed as a ratio or fraction, where the numerator is always a unit, the denominator is the resulting quotient.

The luminous coefficient in classrooms is 1: 4-1: 6.

2.2 Depth factor

Depth coefficient (KZ) - the ratio of the distance from the floor to the upper edge of the window to the depth of the room, i.e. to the distance from the light-carrying to the opposite wall. When calculating KZ, both the numerator and the denominator are also divided by the value of the numerator. The recommended depth ratio for classrooms is 1: 2.

Premises	Luminous coefficient		Depth coefficient
	Measurement result			Measurement result	Sanitary and hygienic standard
Cabinet Biology (102)		1/4 - 1/6
Office of mathematics (202)		1/4 - 1/6
Physics room (309)		1/4 - 1/6
Informatics office (404)		1/4 - 1/6
Canteen		1/4 - 1/6
Gym		1/4 – 1/6

All offices have optimal lighting conditions, which corresponds to the norm.

2.3. Evaluation of the parameters of the microclimate of the office

1 Measurement of air temperature

Equipment and materials: dry thermometer.

Air temperature measurement.

1. Take the thermometer readings at a height of 1.5 m from the floor at three points diagonally: at a distance of 0.2 m from the outer wall, in the center of the room and at a distance of 0.25 m from the inner corner of the cabinet. The thermometer is set for 15 minutes at each point.
2. Calculate the average room temperature. Determine the vertical temperature difference by measuring at a distance of 0.25 m from the floor and ceiling.

2.3.2 Measurement of relative humidity

Equipment: aspirating psychrometer, spherical catathermometer, electric stove, beaker with water, stopwatch, dry thermometer.

1. Moisten the end of the wet thermometer wrapped with a cloth with distilled water.
2. Turn on the fan.
3. 3-4 minutes after the fan starts to operate at a height of 1.5 m from the floor, take the dry (t) and wet (t1) thermometers.
4. Calculate the absolute humidity using the formula:

K = F - 0.5 (t-t 1) B: 755

where K is the absolute humidity, g / m³;

f - maximum humidity at the temperature of a wet bulb (determined according to the table attached to the device);

t - dry bulb temperature

t 1 - wet bulb temperature

B- barometric pressure at the time of the study.

1. Calculate the relative humidity according to the formula: R = K: F · 100, where R - relative humidity,%; K - absolute humidity, g / m³; F - maximum humidity at dry bulb temperature (according to the device table).

Cabinet microclimate indicators

Cabinets	Temperature, ° С		Relative humidity,%
	Measurement result		Measurement result	Sanitary and hygienic standard
Biology (102)		20 – 25		60 – 70
Mathematicians (202)		20 – 25		60 – 70
Physicists (309)		20 – 25		60 – 70
Informatics (404)		20 – 25		60 – 70
Dining room		20 – 25		60 - 70
Gym		20 – 25		60 - 70

These tables show that the air temperature in the dining room does not meet the requirements of SanPiN 2.4.2. 1178-02 "Hygienic requirements for learning conditions in educational institutions" and this temperature is below the limit level, and if you stay in this room for a long time without moving, the body can cool down, which will lead to colds.

The air temperature in other rooms meets the requirements of SanPiN.

The table shows that the air humidity indicators comply with SanPiN 2.4.2. 1178-02 "Hygienic requirements for learning conditions in educational institutions" in the biology office and in the dining room.

In other offices and rooms, the air humidity does not meet the requirements of SanPiN 2.4.2. 1178-02 "Hygienic requirements for learning conditions in educational institutions", it is below the maximum permissible levels, but the adverse effect of dry air is manifested only in extreme dryness (with a relative humidity of less than 20%), the effect of excessively dry air on physiological processes in the human body is not as dangerous as exposure to humid air.

Conclusion

It often seems to us that we are faced with environmental pollution only on the street, and therefore we pay little attention to the ecology of our college. But college is not only a shelter from the unfavorable conditions of the surrounding world, but also a powerful factor affecting a person, which largely determines the state of his health. The quality of the college environment can be influenced by:

Outside air;

Products of incomplete combustion of gas;

Substances arising from the cooking process;

Substances given off by furniture, books, clothing, etc .;

Household chemicals and hygiene products;

Houseplants;

Compliance with sanitary standards of training (number of people);

Electromagnetic pollution.

When we started working on this topic, we did not think that the indoor climate can have such a huge impact on human health. For example, that sufficient lighting has a tonic effect, creates a cheerful mood, improves the course of the basic processes of the higher nervous system, and the lack of lighting depresses nervous system, leads to a deterioration in the body's performance, impairs vision. Comparing the results of measurements with the maximum permissible levels established in sanitary standards and rules, we came to the conclusion that the audiences we studied in our college comply with the current rules and regulations. Basically, the lighting standards in our classrooms are respected. The temperature in the dining room does not correspond to sanitary norms and rules, but these deviations are insignificant and do not lead to serious consequences.

List of used literature

1. Ashikhmina, Yu. E., School ecological monitoring. - M .: "Agar", 2000.
2. Velichkovsky, B.T., Kirpichev, V.I., Suravegina, I.T.Human health and the environment: a tutorial. - M .: "New School", 1997.
3. Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises. Sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96. Ministry of Health of Russia Moscow 1997.
4. Kitaeva, L. A. Decorative and medicinal plants // Biology at school. - 1997. - No. 3

5. Kosykh A.V. Materials Science. Modern building and finishing materials: Study guide. 2000.

6. Novikov Yu.V. Ecology, environment and man: textbook for secondary schools and colleges. M .; FAIR-PRESS, 2000

7. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor Russian Federation dated December 29, 2010 N 189 Moscow "On the approval of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10" Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions "

MAOU "Bondyuzhskaya basic secondary school"

Bonduzhskaya school - an environmentally friendly system

The work was performed by a 7th grade student

Starikova Anna

Biology teacher supervisor

Kosheleva Tatiana Vitalievna

Bondyug village - 2015

Content:

I .Introduction - the relevance of the research, goals and objectives, methods of work …………………………………………………………………………… .......

1

II .The main part is the theoretical, practical part of the research …………………………………………………………………… ..

2-11

III ... Conclusion - conclusions on the work done ……………………………………………………………………………

IV .Bibliography……………………………………………………………………. 14

11-13

The relevance of research

The man of the future is a comprehensively developed personality living in harmony with the world around him and with himself, acting within the framework of ecological necessity. The formation of ecological culture is a person's awareness of his belonging to the world around him, of unity with him, the awareness of the need to take responsibility for the self-sustaining development of civilization and conscious inclusion in this process.

This research is dedicated to the problem of a healthy home. Environmentally dirty houses are not the fantasies of scientists and specialists, but real fact from which many people suffer. The ideal home is not just a refuge building. The home should be a place that is free from harmful influences that supports physical, mental and social well-being.

The main habitat of a person is his home. We spend a lot of time at school, so we can say that it is also our home. We study here, do extracurricular activities. The school is our "fortress" in which conditions for work and rest must be provided.

Every year, the school is renovated, new equipment is purchased.

TARGETS AND GOALS : Find out if the school is an ecological system. Determine the composition and structure of the ecosystem. Identify favorable and unfavorable factors in the school's ecosystem. To get acquainted with the methods of obtaining qualitative and quantitative indicators of the ecological state of the school environment. Learn to use the knowledge gained to predict further changes in the human environment and design solutions to environmental problems.

WORKING METHODS : Study. Working with literature.

Theoretical part

Eco means home, our sphere of living. And the sphere of living is, first of all, our apartment and school office.

Health begins at home and at school, and our goal is to turn them into an impregnable fortress for all diseases. School, home. What do we know about them and their health effects?

The problem of the ecological state of the premises, its so-called health, is quite relevant today, since we spend a lot of time at school, and so that there is no harm to health, it is necessary to observe a number of rules to avoid exposure to harmful environmental factors.

Hypothesis : Is our school an ecological system, an environmentally friendly system?

Practical part

Research 1. Is the school an ecosystem?

The school has indoor plants - PRODUCERS. There is a person in the school, "uninvited guests" of a mouse (this is our assumption, since we did not find them) - CONSUMENTS. The school has bacteria, saprophytic mites, molds - REDUCERS.

Conclusion: The school is an ecosystem.

Study 2. School greening ... I believe that there are a lot of indoor plants in our school: in recreations, classrooms. We do not have a single office in which there are no plants, but most of all flowers in the office of biology. We have a total of 211 indoor plants in our school. All indoor plants are in good condition and are looked after by teachers and students.

Smells surround us everywhere. I wondered: “Do the smells of our plants affect our body? What are the benefits of the plants growing in the classrooms of our school? " I decided to check whether the smells of plants affect some of the functions of the body associated with maintaining working capacity - the functions of a stimulating effect, depressing those affecting our well-being.

Plant name

The benefits of plants

Balsam

Balsam is mostly used as an ornamental plant, but in folk medicine it is also used for medicinal purposes.

Geranium

It contains substances that destroy viruses and bacteria, eliminates insomnia, treats neuroses, and in winter, on cloudy days, protects against stress and depression, relieves fatigue and improves mood.

Dracaena

Benzene contains linoleum. Dracaena neutralizes it.

Ivy

It humidifies the air, but also neutralizes a bunch of chemical "additives": formaldehyde, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene.It destroys fungi and bacteria, has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Ficus

Absorbs ammonia, and also improves the energy atmosphere in the house and stimulates the activity of its inhabitants, relieves internal stress and gives self-confidence. We can tell you with confidence that the ficus did not deserve notoriety, it is a good plant.

Chlorophytum

Eliminates odors

Cactus

They have bactericidal properties, cacti can protect a person from harmful electromagnetic radiation, reducing the ionization of indoor air. That is why it is recommended to place cacti in the immediate vicinity of a TV or computer screen, but at the same time the plant should receive enough light: after all, cacti are plants in hot countries.

Tradescantia

Reduces the influence of electromagnetic radiation.

Fat woman (money tree)

The rounded leaves of the plant neutralize all negative energy, emotions, careless words associated with a lack of finance. The fat woman will cleanse the air in the room, relieve stress and fatigue. All of this is so important for success and health.

Saintpaulia (Uzanbar violet)

Violet contains everything useful for human body substances and elements. The plant has anti-inflammatory, diuretic, laxative and antimicrobial properties. It is also used as a good pain reliever and sedative. In addition, this plant is often used to lower arterial .

The violet herb is used to treat bronchitis, sore throat and whooping cough. A decoction of violets helps to improve well-being with bronchitis, , pneumonia and asphyxiation.

In addition, all kinds of skin diseases can be treated with a violet. A decoction of the plant will help improve overall well-being after an illness.

Begonia

Royal begonia actively fights against toxic substances, and is also a symbol of material well-being.

Plant name

Depressing action

Geranium

During floweringsuch an abundance of odorous essential oils is released that they can cause headaches, vomiting.

Primrose

Primrose flowers and leaves can cause hives and eczema on human skinprone to allergic reactions if he touches the plant with his hands. And sometimes even the smell of blooming primrose causes allergies. It is not recommended for such people to breed it at home. After caring for primrose alsowash your hands with soap and water.

Chlorophytum

Children should not be allowed to eat leaves. Rough leaves can injure delicate mucous membranes

Ficus

Has no depressing action

Euphorbia (euphobia)

He's very dangerous. The sap of the plant has the appearance of white milk, a harsh odor and can cause skin irritation, burns and allergies. When the juice enters the mucous membrane, ulcers are formed, in the eye - inflammation and temporary blindness. If a milkweed leaf is in the stomach of a child or animal, it will lead to severe vomiting, diarrhea and seizures..

Diphenbachia

All parts of the plant are dangerous.

Conclusion: Houseplants are useful, but only if you choose the "right" flowers for each individual (or family), that is, those that do not cause negative reactions.

At our school, we have that minimum of plants, which is desirable for everyone who cares a little about themselves and their families. Plants destroy toxic substances. But I wanted the offices of physics, geography, computer science to be greened better.

Study 3. The results of the assessment of the interior decoration of the premises ... Materials used in construction and finishing works in our school.

Material name

Degree of harmful effects

on the human body

Tree

Environmentally friendly material

Iron reinforcement

Environmentally friendly material

Glass

Environmentally friendly material

Oil paint

The toxic effects of heavy

tall and organic solvents

Chipboards and wood

Environmentally friendly material

weighted fiber boards

Linoleum

Complies with the norm

Concrete

Radiation source.

Lime

Environmentally friendly material.

At high air humidity, lime

– ecologically

Conclusion: Most of the materialsused in construction and finishing works in our school are environmentally friendly.

The influence of colors on the body and the volume of premises

I examined the classes about the color scheme on the human body

Color

Volume

Health impact

Impact on the psyche

yellow

increases

Treats depression, strengthens nerves, stimulates, warms, increases smooth muscle spasms

Helps to focus, enhances creativity, pleases, amuses

Orange

increases

Stimulates, warms, excites. Strengthens blood pulsation without raising pressure, improves digestion, irritates the nervous system in large quantities, promotes the active work of the kidneys and bladder. Has a beneficial effect on the strengthening of bones, hair

Pleases, cheer up, invigorates, relieves fatigue, fights depression

Red

increases

Excites, warms, stimulates metabolism, improves digestion and raises appetite, increases blood pressure, stimulates physical activity

Pleasing, sometimes causes a certain amount of fear

White - computer science

increases

Has a neutralizing effect, somewhat soothes

Extinguishes irritation, soothes somewhat

Violet

reduces

At the same time, it soothes and slightly invigorates, stimulates the brain, as well as the production of the hormone melatonin, which relieves depression and rejuvenates the body. Increases stamina. Can be depressing in large quantities

Soothes, slightly depressing, lowers mood, causes melancholy and gloomy thoughts

Green - biology, grade 8

neutral

Lowers blood pressure, improves tone, reduces insomnia. Reduces pain and helps mobilize will. Promotes cell regeneration, strengthens the nervous system, stabilizes cardiac activity.

Soothes in case of nervous exhaustion and reduces irritability.

Blue - class of Lyudmila Sergeevna

reduces width

Reduces blood pressure, increases focus and helps focus. Calms the pulse and slows down breathing, relieves pain, relaxes muscles and stops inflammation. Suppresses appetite, reduces visual acuity, has a beneficial effect on the respiratory system. Concentrates attention

Helps to focus, induces a sense of calm, relieves emotional stress

Blue - grades 1-4, grades 5, 6, 7.

Helps with diseases associated with metabolism, central nervous system, throat and respiratory system diseases

Reduces stress, soothes

Conclusion : After analyzing the state of our school from an environmental point of view, I decided that the range of colors has a beneficial effect on the body of students.

Study 4. The results of assessing the artificial illumination of classrooms .

The check was carried out in 3 rooms - computer science, Russian language and 1st grade. In all classes, the level of artificial illumination corresponds to the standard values ​​established by clause 7.2.4. SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10. "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions."

Conclusion : The offices have good lighting conditions. This was confirmed by a general hygiene doctor - I.V. Belina.

Study 5. Results of the water quality study .

When contaminated water enters our body, it causes 80% of known diseases and accelerates the aging of the body by 30%. The characteristic of the water of our school: the water is transparent; no turbidity noted; the smell is earthy.

In the investigated samples of washings from objects of the external environment, sanitary - indicative microorganisms (bacteria of the E. coli group) were not found. The check was carried out by the head of the department of the microbiological laboratory L.S. Sazhina, as well as a doctor epidemiologist - L.A. Dymochko.

Conclusion : Water can be consumed, microorganisms were not found.

Study 6. Study of dust .

Any dust is a set of allergens, the main of which is a microscopic mite.

Determination of the relative dust content in school premises.

To complete the work I needed: water, a microscope with a "" x40 "objective (forty-fold magnification), a pipette, cover slides and glass slides for the microscope.

H I applied 1 drop of water to four slides.

The slides were set for 15 minutes at a height of 1 m from the floor:
slide number 1 in biology class during recess,
slide No. 2 in the hallway during breaks,
microscope slide number 3 in biology class during the lesson,
slide number 4 in the hallway during the lesson.

Then she covered the drop with dust particles settled on it with a cover glass, thus preparing a micropreparation. The microscope was placed on the microscope stage. We achieved such an increase so that in the field of view of the microscope there was as much area of ​​the drop as possible.

P I counted the number of dust particles in a drop and described their composition:

№ micro

drug

Sampling location

Number of dust particles in the field of view

Location

dust grains

Dimensions (edit)

Form

1

in biology class during recess

One by one

small

Oblong, round

2

in the hallway during break

One by one

small

Round

3

in class during lesson

One by one

large

Oblong, round

4

in the hallway during the lesson

One by one, in small clusters

Large, medium-sized

Round

Conclusion: Thus, the relative dustiness of the school premises during recess is much higher than during the lesson. During breaks, there is more dust in the corridors of the school, and during the lesson - in the classroom. This is due to the location of the bulk of the students.

Study 7. Results of assessment of temperature in school .

From conversations with teachers and students, I found out that the temperature

No one complained about the regime in the school.

In terms of temperature parameters, classrooms comply with ND standards

1. SanPiN and N 2.4.2.1178-02 "Hygienic requirements in educational institutions."

2. GOST 30494-96 “Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters ". General hygiene doctor T.A. Ananoeva, deputy head A.S. Bulygin.

Conclusion: The obtained result in terms of temperature indicators corresponds to the norm.

Research 8. Research computers .

The research was carried out in the workplaces of students at the measurement points.

1 tension electric field in the low frequency range corresponds to.

2. The density of the magnetic flux in the low frequency range is consistent.

3. The strength of the electric field in the low-frequency range corresponds to the temporarily permissible levels of VDU.

4. The density of the magnetic flux in the high-frequency range corresponds to the assessment of the magnetic flux, carried out according to: SanPin 2.2.2. /2.4. 1340-03 "Hygienic requirements for personal computers and work organization" - conducted by the doctor on hygiene S.М. Bubnov, deputy head of ILC A.M. Bulygin.

Conclusion: Computers comply with GOST.

Conclusions on the work done

MAOU « Bondyuzhskaya basic secondary school "is an ecologically clean system. The school observes all the necessary rules to preserve the health of students, teachers, and service personnel. "Uninvited guests" (consumers) were not found in the school ((the premises are regularly deratized).

Ventilate rooms as often as possible. Try to maintain a constant school temperature consistent with the thermal comfort or cool category. Use natural materials for decoration. Observe the rules for using computer equipment. Plants are living creatures with a strong biofield that can affect humans. And the general atmosphere of the school and the well-being of its inhabitants depend on whether we are able to choose the right indoor plants. Carry out wet cleaning regularly. Outerwear pollutants are air pollutants, so use a wardrobe. Air pollution in schools depends on outdoor air conditions (external sources). It is necessary to continue the work on landscaping the school site.

It is very important to pay as much attention to your home as possible, because the most important thing depends on the state of a person's habitat - this is health.

Conclusion

The school is a typical artificial ecosystem of a heterotrophic type, reminiscent of our village in miniature. Like a village, it exists due to the flow of energy and resources into it. Its main inhabitants are students, teachers and those who ensure its smooth functioning. Among the tasks of the modern school is not only the upbringing and education of the younger generation of Russians, but also taking care of their state of health.

The following factors can influence the quality and safety of the school environment:

• School placement;

  Capacity;

  Air - thermal parameters of the microclimate of school classrooms

  Interior decoration parameters;

  Illumination parameters;

  Landscaping;

  The quality of equipment, furniture and their arrangement.

The research topic is multifaceted and has not been fully disclosed by me. However, it aroused my interest and desire not only to continue studying it, but to find ways to solve the established environmental problems.

In the summer, landscaping of the school site will continue on the school grounds, environmental clean-ups will be held to improve the area.

List of used literature

(1) Alekseev, S.V. Ecology. Tutorial for students of 10-11 grades general education. institutions [Text] / S.V. Alekseev. -SPb: SMIO Press, 1999.- 240s.

2. Biology and ecology. 10 - 11 grades: project activities of students [Text] / ed. - comp. M.V. Vysotskaya.- Volograd: Teacher, 2008. - 203p.

3. Hygienic requirements for the learning conditions of schoolchildren in various types of modern educational institutions. SanPin 2.4.2. 1178 - 02 [Electronic resource] /www. school. edu. ru //

4. Kirpichev, V. I. Physiology and Hygiene junior student: a guide for the teacher [Text] / VI Kirpichev. - M .: VLADOS, 2002 .-- 144p.

5. Kuzmina, E. Houseplants are our defenders [Text] / E. Kuzmina // My favorite flowers. - 2008. №22 (82), October. C.2-3.

6.Mirkin, B.M. Ecology of Russia. Textbook for 9-11 grades. general education. schools [Text] / BM Mirkin, Naumova L. G. –M .: Sustainable world, 2000.- 272s.

7. Chudinova, L.E. Toxic substances in classrooms and plants that neutralize them. Electronic edition / E.A. Chudinova, A. Avilov. - TU GETK, 2008.

8. Wikipedia site

Municipal community educational institution

"Kuvshinovskaya secondary school number 2"

Educational and research environmental project

Ecology of school space

Project type: creative, research

Project hypothesis : environmental monitoring, analysis of their results, environmental educationof all participants in the educational process will help preserve their health, improve learning conditions.

Objective of the project: preserving the health of students, creating favorable learning conditions.

Tasks:

Educational

to expand and deepen the knowledge of students about the role of nature in human life;

to acquaint students with the diversity, living conditions of indoor plants, their importance for human health.

developing:

develop the ability to analyze, reason, prove your opinion;

educational:

ensure the relationship of educational and educational processes;

cultivate a respectful attitude towards indoor plants, a sense of belonging, personal responsibility for what is happening around.

to form research skills, the ability to work with various types of information sources;

develop the ability to analyze, select, classify the information received;

develop the ability to creatively apply the knowledge gained

Predicted results:

The student will know:

the names of indoor plants and the living conditions of these plants at home;

rules for caring for indoor plants;

the action of natural factors (light, heat, moisture, soil composition) on the vital activity of indoor plants;

The student will be able to:

work with additional literature;

observe and care for indoor plants;

work in a group;

formalize the results of their activities according to the plan.

The student will educate in himself:

curiosity;

independence;

tolerance;

organization.

Formulation of the problem :

insufficient or improper landscaping of classrooms contributes to the creation of unfavorable conditions for learning.

Design :

formation of groups, distribution of tasks, definition of tasks.

Search for information:

study of reference, popular science literature, conducting

monitoring.

Intermediate product: consultations, preparation of presentations, preparation of speeches.

Project presentation.

School ecology is an activity in space school life consistent with human nature.

School is where children spend most of their time and therefore must meet certain requirements. If we talk about the ecology of the school, the main requirement here is the preservation of health.

What are the benefits of indoor plants, and whether only benefit, or do they bloom within the walls of our school solely for beauty.

Taking into account the tendency of a sharp decline in the population, the problem of creating and maintaining a healthy society is put forward. This increases the responsibility of the education system not only for the spiritual, but also for the physical development of the new generation, strengthening the health of students, introducing them to the value of a healthy lifestyle. The state of health of children, adolescents and young people is a legitimate concern of the whole society as a whole. In this regard, such a direction of work as health protection and the introduction of health-saving learning technologies is becoming the most important for the school and all participants in the educational process.

Houseplants came to us from distant countries. Decorating our interior, they invite us to escape from the routine whirlwind. The most amazing of them take us on trips, forcing us to forget about the banal everyday life.

Choosing "green friends", we focus on our own aesthetic taste, we listen to the advice of relatives and friends. This is, as a rule, everything is limited, but in vain, because plants have a number of wonderful properties, the existence of which we do not even suspect! By settling in our house, "green tenants" contribute tosound absorption, humidify the air, saturate it with oxygen and cleanse it from harmful impurities... Special biogenic substances secreted by plants increase efficiency, normalize sleep, increase the adaptive abilities of a person

"Green friends" bring harmony and serenity into our life, next to them we feel a surge of energy and at the same time we have a rest. Choosing plants, many of us do not think about what effect they will have on our health, both physical and psychological. Plants act on us with their aroma, the color of the leaves and flowers, the shape of the crown.

Indoor plants are an obligatory component of a school classroom. They decorate the room and create coziness. Plants perform various functions, have an aesthetic, psychological effect, and improve the air environment. In recent years, one more important function of plants has become increasingly clear - cleaning the environment from various pollutants. Like a filter, they clean the air from dust and harmful gases.

Plants with phytoncidal properties: increase the amount of oxygen, increase the content of negative light ions. They have a positive effect on respiratory processes, lower blood pressure, increase muscle strength and endurance: decrease tachycardia and arrhythmia; serve as a means of prevention for dystonia and hypertension. - Reduces the number of microorganisms in the air by 70-80%.

Conifers - cryptomeria, cypress, Olsander cypress, laurel, fortunella, prickly pear cactus. Citrus cactus - prickly pear - reduces the number of molds by 6-7 times, has healing properties (heals wounds). Euphorbia, citruses. Cissus hibiscus, cissus, ficus, akalifa, aglaonema "cope" with microbes (staphylococcus). For a therapeutic effect, it is necessary to place one plant specimen per 1 m3 of the room.

Plants that can relieve stress. If possible, it is a good idea to arrange a relaxation room at the school. It is best to plant in it: pelargonium, oregano, myrtle, lemon balm, fragrant geranium (take into account the tendency to allergic reactions). Plants clean the air not only from bacteria, but also from dust. More than 300 species have such properties. In addition, another 160 species are intended for open ground. These are mainly coniferous plant species. In addition to dust retention, some of them are also capable of absorbing sound; it is useful to plant them in schoolyards located near roads, and this is important due to the increasing number of vehicles. The air contains toxins from synthetic materials used in finishing works.

Within the framework of the program of continuous environmental education and upbringing, it is possible to carry out an independent project to study the species composition of the school's indoor plants. This work is accessible and interesting to students.

The aim of the project is to determine the name of each plant, its family, homeland using reference books; the study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants; landscaping of school classrooms.

The project is intended for students in grades 5-9. Depending on the age of the students, the "Indoor Plants in School" project can be divided into several stages, each of which includes both theoretical and practical parts.

5-6 grades

- Study of the species composition of indoor plants in the classrooms of the school.

- The school's gardeners circle.

- Messages in biology lessons.

7th grade

- Creation of the map "Map of the world on the windowsills of the school (class)".

-"Traveling with Houseplants".

8-9 grades

- Study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants.

- Greening of school classrooms, taking into account the air-thermal conditions of detention.

- Speech at the environmental scientific and practical conferences.

The work on determining the species composition of plants was divided into two stages.

At the first stage ( Grade 5 ) students identify and describe the plants in the base cabinet. For these purposes, use a special reference literature. The most successful in this regard is Hession's reference book "All about indoor plants" (Moscow: Kladez, 1996).

In the second stage ( 6th grade ), working in groups, students define and describe the species composition of indoor plants in school classrooms. It should be noted that work in groups where students jointly complete assignments contributes to the improvement of communication skills, better assimilation of knowledge and the intellectual development of children.

Data on the species composition of plants are placed in a classroom corner or on a separate stand. In addition, a plate is placed in a container with plants, where the name, species, and birthplace of the plant are indicated. You can also hold a meeting of the gardeners of the school, where you can give recommendations on how to work with reference books, indicate which plants, depending on the exposures of windows, are advisable to grow in a particular office. It is also important to link the experimental activities of students with educational process, which is established through the objects of the natural cycle. For example, in the 6th grade biology course, students study the morphology of plants, and the knowledge about plants obtained in the process of working on a project not only serves as a good addition, but can also be applied in the course of geography, in particular, in the study of continents. Based on knowledge of the species composition of indoor plants of the school, a map of the world's vegetation is created, on which the homeland of each plant is indicated.

In this case,outstripping education. To prepare such a lesson, the children work through a fairly large amount of literature, both reference and scientific, suggested by the teacher or found on their own. Such lessons are undoubtedly more interesting both for the children preparing the material and for the whole class as a whole.

Working on the vegetation map, students will learn that the homeland of most of the indoor plants of the school is the humid forests of America and Africa, since the humidity and temperature conditions in the classrooms of the school are quite consistent with the natural conditions of this natural area(monitoring of the ecological state of school classrooms is carried out under the guidance of a chemistry teacher). It becomes obvious to students that in central Russia at the latitude of Moscow, these plants require certain conditions of keeping. This applies to moderate watering in winter and abundant in summer, shading of plants in the hot season and illumination in the cold, "wintering" for cacti, etc. The results of the work can be issued in the form of mini essays or shown at the stand in the classroom.

The final stage second stage the project is a presentation of the results of research and practical work. For students in grades 5-7, it is better to do this in the form of the "Traveling with Houseplants" holiday. Leading students, using the vegetation map of the world, talk about the living conditions of the plants found in the school.

For students in grades 8-9, the study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants is of particular interest. From reference and popular science literature, we learned that there are plants in the school that determine the sanitary state of the air in the classrooms, i.e. acting as bioindicators. These include tradescantia, begonia, asparagus, violet. In addition, there are detoxifying plants in the offices that can neutralize toxic substances in the air. These are tuberous chlorophytum, common myrtle, fern, geranium, Chinese hibiscus, coleus, royal begonia, dracaena, ivy, dieffenbachia, succulent cacti.

Students in the school's landscaping program selected plants for each classroom, taking into account environmental factors.

In addition, we have been working to identify plants that have medicinal properties. At school, these plants include: agave, aloe, aspidistra, aucuba, hibiscus, zephyranthes, Kalanchoe, saxifrage, passionflower, pelargonium, ivy, sanseviera, thuja, fatsia, ficus. We compiled the results in the form of a catalog "Medicinal plants at school", indicating the species composition, the use of plants in the homeland, and pharmacological properties. For each plant of the healer, an annotation of the therapeutic action, methods of application has been compiled.

results students presented the project work at the school scientific and practical conference, which was attended by representatives of all classes of middle and high school. Thus, the achievements of individual groups of schoolchildren become known to almost the entire school and can be claimed by everyone.

The most interesting works were presented at the environmental scientific and practical conference.

I have an idea creating a cabinet of indoor plants. The idea to create it appeared because a large number of indoor plants were collected at the school.

Indoor plants are used in the classroom and in extracurricular work as a demonstration and handout material, when conducting observations and setting up the simplest experiments. Living objects should be unpretentious in their maintenance and care. Sanitary and hygienic requirements, lighting standards, safety measures must be observed. Plants that do not cause allergic reactions are selected.

When choosing plants in the office, it is possible to take into account their use in the classroom and in extracurricular activities, taking into account their role in the design of the office. Plants are placed on racks, mounted in walls or on stands. Two or three large plants create a unique interior.

Work in the mode of project activity becomes a source of creating the necessary equipment for the office. It is necessary to highlight those tasks in the implementation of which schoolchildren can take part. Creative in its essence, including research, search, problem situations, project activities fills the life of each office with interesting things.

Analyzing the available resources and capabilities of children, we gave preference to these types of project activities:

research

applied

informational

Research the project requires a specific work algorithm:

Identifying and posing a problem;
- formulation of the hypothesis;
- setting goals and objectives;
- planning of actions;
- collection of data, their analysis and synthesis, comparison with known information;
- preparation and writing of the project, its effectiveness;
- defense, presentation of the project.

Applied the project from the very beginning clearly identifies the result of the activities of its participants.

Informational the project is aimed at analyzing and generalizing, for a wide audience, any information.

"Ecology and phytodesign of a school office"

Target: to get acquainted with the laws of arranging indoor plants, with the profession of a florist-decorator.

Tasks:

1. To study the species composition of indoor plants in the cabinet

2. Establish which houseplants are most popular in school landscaping

3. What requirements are taken into account when breeding plants at school.

Methods:

Observation

Experiment

Practical work

Expected results: acquisition of knowledge, flowers in the school office

We decided to equip our school office and start phytodesign of the office:

Landscaping it so that it is aesthetically pleasing, comfortable for work; and the conditions for keeping plants were met.

Using the literature on indoor floriculture, we found that plants belonging to 5 groups are used in landscaping premises:

1group - decorative deciduous (palm trees, fern, dracaena)

Group 2 - flowering (begonias, cacti, roses)

Group 3 - hanging (chlorophytum, tradescantia)

Group 4 - curly or clinging (ivy, monstera, asparagus)

Group 5 - bulbous or tuberous (cyclomen, gloxinia)

In schools, it is best to grow simple, undemanding plants (tradescantia, chlorophytum), easily and abundantly flowering, for which children can take care. Plants that cause irritation of the skin and mucous membranes or have bright fruits are completely excluded.

We use plants to make people's lives more beautiful and cleaner. But you also need to take care of the flowers. Before breeding plants, you need to find out the basic requirements of each of them to

Humidity

Illumination

Temperature

Plants need light for normal development. According to the requirement for illumination, all plants can be divided into three groups:

Group 1 - light-loving

Group 2 - shade-loving

Group 3 - shade-tolerant

Indoor air temperature is of no small importance for the development of plants, especially in winter.

Adequate moisture is required for the normal development of plants.

In addition, in the offices it is necessary to increase the number of medicinal indoor plants, such as aloe, Kalanchoe. These plants increase immunity and have bactericidal properties. The most popular plant in the school is chlorophytum. It is said about him: the worse the air is for us, the better for him. For landscaping, we recommend light-loving and shade-tolerant plants.

When drawing up compositions, the following rules and methods of plant placement must be taken into account. There are several basic techniques for placing indoor plants indoors.

1.A single plant can be evergreen or flowering.

A well-composed composition of several plants pleases the eye and turns the room into an oasis where beauty and comfort reign, where the harmony of nature and man reigns.

2.Very effective in the interior of climbing plants, suspended in a specially made pots.

3 very beautiful small gardens on rocks

4 groups of plants planted together are very effective

Flowers ennoble our lives, caress the eye, give people joy, soften morals, bring peace and relaxation. Giving flowers means expressing feelings of love, reverence, affection, respect. (See presentation).

Additional information on career guidance.

The creation of green interiors is a special area of ​​architecture that requires versatile knowledge and great artistic taste. Therefore, over the creation of the most complex modern projects a florist-decorator works.

A florist - decorator is an irreplaceable consultant who will give advice on indoor floriculture in various rooms, in a large and small apartment, in a study room, in a large hall, in recreation. In doing so, he will take into account the effect of plants on human health. In addition, he can make a bouquet or flower arrangement. People of this profession know how to make bouquets not only from fresh flowers, but also from dry or artificial ones. Florists work in greenhouses, greenhouses, nurseries and in the open field, in experimental plots, in parks, squares. Florists-decorators reveal the beauty of nature to man. Florists bring landscaping projects to life. They participate in the planning of green spaces, make ridges, loosen the soil, and apply fertilizers. To preserve a clear pattern of flower beds and lawns, they are trimmed, thinned out, faded inflorescences are cut off, fragile plants are tied to pegs. It is better to choose this profession for people who love nature and have a good aesthetic taste. Aesthetically designed parks, squares, sidewalks are pleasing to the eye and create a festive mood among people. In addition, green spaces play a hygienic and protective role, retard the spread of dust, soften noise, and help restore the normal composition of the ambient air.

Nature is rich in amazing colors. We will definitely meet them at our school..