Introduction

1 Minerals of the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region

2general characteristics deposits

Conclusion

Water resources The region is rich and diverse. They include: the coast of the Kara Sea, numerous bays and bays, rivers, lakes, swamps and underground waters. The Gulf of Ob, a bay of the Kara Sea, is one of the largest sea bays in the Russian Arctic, its area is 44,000 km². There are about 300,000 lakes and 48,000 rivers on the territory of the Okrug, the largest of which are the Ob at its mouth, as well as the Nadym, Taz (river) and Pur rivers. The Ob River, one of the longest in Russia, flows within the district in two powerful branches. The presence of lakes, most of which are of glacial origin, is one of characteristic features landscape of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Groundwater is characterized by a huge artesian basin with an area of ​​3 million km², which includes reserves of thermal waters.

The region occupies one of the leading places in Russia in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, especially natural gas and oil. The following deposits are located in the district:

1. Urengoy gas field

2. Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field

3. Nakhodka gas field

4. Yamburgskoye oil and gas condensate field

5. Ety-Purovskoye oil field

The state balance takes into account 136 fields (62 oil, 6 oil and gas, 9 gas and oil, 59 oil and gas condensate), the explored recoverable reserves of which amount to 14.49% of all oil reserves in Russia. 37 deposits are being developed, the annual production was 8.5%. Of the 136 fields in the district, one is unique - Russkoye, with oil reserves - 16.15% of the district and 30 large ones, on which 67.25% of the reserves and 69.1% of the district's oil production are concentrated. The cumulative oil production in the district is 375.2 million tons.

About 600 thousand heads of reindeer are pastured on 50 million hectares of tundra. Nature has sheltered here 70 percent of the world's stocks of whitefish (muksun, pink salmon, nelma).

2 General characteristics of deposits

The Yamburgskoye oil and gas condensate field (YANGKM) is a field of gas, gas condensate and oil. Opened in 1969. It is located in the Arctic part of the West Siberian Plain, on the Taz Peninsula in the subarctic zone. The landscape is a slightly hilly tundra plain with a dense network of rivers, streams, lakes, swamps. The thickness of permafrost reaches 400 meters. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of minus 25 degrees Celsius. Often the temperature drops to 55 and below. A minus temperature of 63 degrees was registered (January 2006). Commercial gas content has been established in the Cenomanian and Neocomian deposits. The dimensions of the YANGKM are 170 by 50 kilometers. According to VNIIZarubezhgeology, the Yamburgskoye field ranks third in the world in terms of initial recoverable gas reserves.

According to the administrative-territorial division, the northern territory of the deposit is located in the Tazovsky, and the southern - in the Nadymsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The development of the deposit started in 1980 (see Yamburg). The development license is held by OOO Gazprom dobycha Yamburg, a 100% subsidiary of OAO Gazprom.

The discovery of the Yamburgskoye and other deposits was prepared by geologists at the very "peak" of the Great Patriotic War. In 1943, their first groups pitched tents in the area of ​​the Taz, Pur, and Messo rivers.

In 1959, oil and gas prospecting in the Tazovsky region resumed. In 1961, geologists landed at the site of the current settlement of Gaz-Sale and started drilling well No. 1. The team of master N. I. Ryndina led the tunneling. September 27, 1962 "hit" gas. A year later, the Tazov oil exploration expedition was formed with a base in Novaya Mangazeya. V. T. Podshibyakin was appointed head of the expedition, and G. P. Bystrov, chief geologist. On November 30, 1963, gas was obtained from the second well. Drilling was conducted by the team of master N. I. Ryndin. So the Tazovskoye field was discovered. On October 18, 1965, the expedition discovered the Zapolyarnoye oil and gas condensate field. 60-70 years were marked for the expedition by a whole series of major discoveries, in this series the largest are Urengoy and Yamburg.

During the 1965-1966 season, the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Yamburgskaya area were prepared for exploratory drilling.

In 1968, a landing party of geophysicists landed on this site under the leadership of Leonid Kabaev, the future Lenin Prize laureate. Next came the miners of the bowels of the Taz oil exploration expedition. The reserves were supposed to be huge.

In his memoirs, geologist F. K. Salmanov tells how the Yamburgskoye field was found: “At the end of April 1969, it was decided to deliver the drilling rig from Tazovskaya to the Yamburgskaya area. The entire May was the delivery of equipment and materials. In July, the team of Anatoly Grebenkin completed the installation, and immediately the team of the drilling foreman V.V. Romanov began counting the first meters of the Yamburg well. On August 13, they reached the design depth and, during testing, the well gave a powerful gas fountain. Inspired by success, Romanov went to its contouring along the wings of the deposit to the east. And a few more wells hit the contour.”

In 1972, a team of drilling foreman V.V. Polupanov completed the drilling of a deep well in the Yamburgskaya area. The test was entrusted to a specially formed team, led by master Alexei Myltsev.

In the 19th century, the expedition of the scientist Yu. M. Kushelevsky arrived in these lands to establish the boundaries of the medieval settlement - Mangazeya "gold-boiling", which existed on the Taz River in the 17th century. The expedition arrived in the Far North of the empire on a schooner called "Taz". The leader of the campaign was from Yamburg. This was the name of the city of Kingisepp, located near St. Petersburg.

During the voyage, the scientist made a map Taz Peninsula. It is assumed that the name of Cape Yumbor (“cloudberry bumps”) reminded him of the name of his native city. So one of the triangular land areas penetrating the Taz Bay was named Yamburga. AT Soviet times The Yamburg trading post appeared on the cape.

At the site of the current Yamburg shift camp, the researcher left a blank spot. "Terra incognita" - an unknown land. It is assumed that the Yamburgskaya area was named after the trading post, and later the Yamburgskoye field.

There is another toponymic version, according to which the territory on which the deposit is located was originally called Yampur - the Gray Swamp. Then it was renamed to Yamburg.

Over the period of operation of the Yamburgsky oil gas condensate field Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg, a 100% subsidiary of OAO Gazprom, produced more than 3 trillion cubic meters of gas and about 18 million tons of gas condensate. Gas preparation for transportation is carried out at 9 integrated gas treatment units (GTP) (1-7, 9 and 1V) and at 5 preliminary gas treatment units (UPPG) (PPG GP-1 (former UPPG-8), 4A, 10, 2V , 3B).

The immediate prospect of the field is the development of its peripheral areas. Production at the Aneryakhinskaya area began in 2004; in January 2005, the Aneryakhinskaya area was brought to its design capacity (10 billion cubic meters per year).

The mineral resource base of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is unique and is represented by a variety of minerals, which creates a reliable basis for the socio-economic development of the region. Today we can say that oil and gas production ensures economic stability in the region. In his annual Message, the Governor of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the population and the State Duma, Yuri Vasilyevich Neyolov, notes: “The fuel and energy complex will remain the basis of the Okrug's economy for many decades to come. However, it is necessary to use every opportunity to reduce the dependence of our budget on the production of hydrocarbons, especially since the conjecture of world prices for them is very unstable.”

At present, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the main supplier of gas in Russia, its production is carried out mainly at the expense of gas giants located in the basins of the Nadym, Pura and Taza rivers, as well as on the Yamal Peninsula. In the near future, large deposits of Gydan - Utrenneye and Geofizicheskoe - will begin to be developed.

Among the mineral resources concentrated on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in terms of their importance for the modern economy, hydrocarbon raw materials - oil and gas - take the first place.

From the history of the fuel and energy complex

In the twentieth century in the north Western Siberia a unique fuel and energy complex was created. Large-scale geophysical surveys and drilling operations began in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in 1948.

Until the beginning of the sixties, all geology was aimed at assessing the unified West Siberian region. The first, fundamental stage ended in 1964 with the discovery of gas in the Tazovsky region. Its results, having confirmed the high prospects for the subsoil of the North, laid the foundation for a systematic, scientifically based development of a search focused on providing extractive industries National economy, explored reserves of oil and gas. The next major discovery was the Novoportovskoye field. It became a stronghold in the attack on Yamal. Drilling crews went from here to the north, to the center of the peninsula, to the coast of the Kara Sea. The Arctic, Neytinskoye, later Rostov, Kharasaveyskoye, Malyginskoye deposits appeared, one of the Yamal giants, the Bovanenkovskoye deposit, with reserves of about 5 trillion cubic meters. cubic meters of gas. The Yamal Peninsula declared itself rich in reserves, Paleozoic gas was added to the Mesozoic - a new horizon.

Following the Tazovsky field, geologists discovered the Zapolyarnoye field in 1965. This discovery must be considered historical, it started a new energy policy of our country, focused on Western Siberia as the main source of energy. Zapolyarny's reserves amount to 3.5 trillion cubic meters of gas. Soon the whole world started talking about the discovery of Tyumen geologists.

Oil and gas potential of the region

The oil and gas potential of the region is associated primarily with the Mesozoic sedimentary strata that make up the cover of the West Siberian Plate. In recent years, the presence of hydrocarbon deposits in the Paleozoic rocks of the basement of the slab has also been established, but accumulations of oil and gas on an industrial scale have not yet been found in them.

The Mesozoic oil and gas basin covers the entire flat part of the district and the adjacent waters of the Arctic Ocean. It is subdivided into 9 oil and gas regions: Ust-Yenisei, South Yamal, Messoyakha-Balakhna, Trans-Urals, Nadym, Urengoy, Pur-Taz, Nurminsko-Aleksandrovskaya and Yamalo-Gydanskaya. The last five areas are characterized by the highest density of hydrocarbon resources. It is in them that all currently known gas giants are located, which provide the main share of gas production in the region.

Commercial deposits of hydrocarbons in the Mesozoic oil and gas basin are confined to Jurassic-Cretaceous deposits, consisting of alternating layers of clays, sands and silts. These sandy-argillaceous deposits form geological structures - vaults, shafts, in which oil and gas deposits are located. The thickness of the Jurassic and Cretaceous sedimentary strata gradually increases from the southern districts of the district to the northern ones. In the same direction, the amount of hydrocarbons contained in the bowels is growing. In the water area of ​​the Kara Sea, the thickness of Jurassic-Cretaceous oil and gas sediments reaches 8 km. The reserves of hydrocarbon raw materials in the Mesozoic strata of the plain part of the district are truly enormous. More than 200 deposits are located on this territory, of which 24 are gas and 64 are oil. The rest of the fields are complex - oil and gas, gas condensate and oil and gas condensate. 19 of them are unique in terms of reserves.

For example, the Urengoy oil and gas condensate field is one of the largest in the world. It is located on the left bank of the river. Pur and stretched in the meridional direction for 180 km with an average width of about 35 km. Gas condensate deposits are located in the Lower Cretaceous deposits at a depth of 2300-3100 meters. Gas condensate is a vaporous mixture of gas and condensate, which consists mainly of kerosene and gasoline. In this field, for every cubic meter of gas, there are 200 cubic meters. see condensate.

Another largest gas field - Medvezhye - stretches from the river. The right Khetta to the Gulf of Ob at a distance of 120 km and consists of three deposits, of which two are gas condensate and one is gas.

Hydrocarbon reserves

The oil and gas complex is the basis of the economy and the normal functioning of all sectors of the economy and social structure autonomous region.

Through many years of efforts of exploration companies in Western Siberia, the world's largest base of hydrocarbon raw materials was created, and the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region became the main supplier of natural gas in Russia: 205 gas, gas condensate, oil and oil and gas condensate fields were discovered, including the world's largest in terms of concentration of hydrocarbon reserves, such as Urengoyskoye, Yamburgskoye, Zapolyarnoye, Bovanenkovskoye, Yuzhno-Russkoye.

According to the latest data on the assessment of potential resources, oil and gas deposits within the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug are, in more, promising for gas. The density of the initial potential resources of free gas on average over the area is estimated at 200 million cubic meters / km. kv; recoverable oil - about 40 thousand tons / km. sq.

The living space reclaimed from the permafrost has become a reference point of civilization, has brought together thousands of highly qualified gas specialists, builders who have equipped and exploited the fields. The volumes of gas and condensate in the bowels of Yamal are fantastic!

The giant oil and gas province of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is not limited to the continental part of the West Siberian Plate. It continues in the Kara Sea, where geologists have identified the Kara oil and gas region.

Within its boundaries, two largest gas fields have already been discovered at a depth of 4000 meters - Leningradskoye and Rusanovskoye, occupying an area of ​​3300 square meters. km.

Gas reserves in them are colossal - more than 10 trillion cubic meters. cube m.

The discovery of the world's largest oil and gas province in Western Siberia was predetermined in 1932 by the forecast of Academician I.M. Gubkin and is due to the hard work of large teams of Russian scientists and geologists - practitioners who worked under the guidance of N.N. K. Korovin, Yu. G. Ervie, F. K. Salmanova, L. I. Ravnina, V. T. Podshibyakin and other prominent specialists in the field of prospecting and exploration of hydrocarbon raw materials.

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug provides hydrocarbon production from easily accessible Cenomanian horizons, but all good things come to an end. Yamal Governor Yury Neelov, anticipating this situation, is developing a strategy for reaching deeper horizons for oil and gas production. But here the support of the federal center is required. Need to develop regulations Federation, and Yamal has the ability to provide huge supplies of condensate to European consumers. Therefore, it is no coincidence that Yuri Neelov pays serious attention to the problems of the revival of the Northern Sea Route - for Yamal, according to the governor, this is an opportunity to develop economic relations with Western Europe and Southeast Asia.

The legislative framework

Over the past decade economic reforms in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, significant experience in the field of subsoil use has been accumulated, a legislative framework has been formed and a mechanism has been developed government controlled natural resource potential of the Autonomous Okrug, which are based on the Constitution Russian Federation, Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil"

In accordance with Article 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the issues of ownership, use and disposal of subsoil, as well as subsoil legislation, are under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. At the federal level, these legal relations are regulated by the Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil", which defines the basis for the legal regulation of relations in the field of subsoil use, including the principles for the division of powers between federal state authorities and state authorities of the Russian Federation.

In accordance with Article 11 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and Article 1-1 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil", the delineation of jurisdiction and powers between state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field state regulation subsoil use can be carried out on the basis of agreements on the delimitation of subjects of jurisdiction and powers.

It should be noted that in the period from 1996 to 1998, the state authorities of the Autonomous Okrug made repeated attempts to conclude such an agreement, which were not crowned with success. The absence of an agreement on the delimitation of jurisdiction and powers between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the Autonomous Okrug did not give legal grounds to conclude an agreement with the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation on the delimitation of jurisdiction and powers in the field of subsoil use. This fact has certain negative consequences, since it did not allow a clear distinction between the issues of jurisdiction within the competence of the Russian Federation and the issues of jurisdiction and competence of the subject of the Russian Federation.

In this regard, the legal regulation of the activities of state authorities of the Autonomous Okrug and state authorities of the Russian Federation in the field of subsoil use on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug is carried out only on the basis of federal laws and the regulatory legal acts of the Autonomous Okrug adopted in accordance with them.

The most significant of the current regulatory legal acts of the Autonomous Okrug is the Law of the Autonomous Okrug "On subsoil and subsoil use in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug", adopted in 1997, which regulates in detail the procedure for using subsoil in the Autonomous Okrug. However, during the period of validity of the said law of the Autonomous Okrug, the legislation of the Russian Federation on subsoil has undergone a change, in particular, the Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil" is valid with amendments dated February 10, 1999 and January 2, 2000. In this regard, guided by the order of the Administration of the Autonomous Okrug No. 1223-r dated September 15, 2000, the Law of the Autonomous Okrug "On subsoil and subsoil use in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug" was brought into line with federal legislation that came into force in April 2001.

In the Autonomous Okrug, work is consistently carried out to develop and improve the regulatory legal acts of the Autonomous Okrug that regulate legal relations in the field of subsoil use.

On the basis of paragraph 12 of Article 4 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Subsoil”, paragraph 6 of Article 2 of the Federal Law “On Production Sharing Agreements”, exercising legislative regulation of its participation in production sharing agreements when using subsoil plots on its territory, in February 2000, adopted Law of the Autonomous Okrug "On the Participation of the YNAO in Production Sharing Agreements". The specified law of the Autonomous Okrug regulates relations arising in the process of preparation, conclusion and implementation of production sharing agreements in relation to subsoil plots located on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug.

So, back in April 1996, the State Duma of the Autonomous Okrug, as a legislative initiative, submitted to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation a draft federal law"On the list of oil and gas fields in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, developed under the terms of a production sharing agreement".

It took more than four years for the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to implement our initiatives at the federal level to transfer subsoil plots to the MNR. Only now has it become possible to implement production sharing agreements on two subsoil plots of the Autonomous Okrug.

In order to perform the functions of state management of the natural resource potential of the Autonomous Okrug, the Committee of Natural Resources for the YNAO has been established and is operating on its territory; Department of Natural Resource Regulation and Development of the Oil and Gas Complex of the Administration of the Autonomous Okrug; Russia's first territorial databank of primary geological and geophysical information; collegium for nature management; territorial commissions for oil and gas reserves, for the development of oil, gas and gas condensate fields; on issues of production sharing agreements, which include representatives of the executive authority and federal executive authorities or their territorial bodies; territorial company of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug for natural resources and subsoil use. Carrying out their functions and fulfilling the tasks assigned to them, the joint efforts of these bodies in the Autonomous Okrug exercise the powers assigned by Article 4 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil" to the competence of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In general, the mechanism of state regulation of subsoil use relations created in the Autonomous Okrug makes it possible to take into account both the interests of the Autonomous Okrug and the interests of the Russian Federation, and also ensures effective interaction between the state authorities of the Autonomous Okrug and the state authorities of the Russian Federation in the field of subsoil use.

As of 01.10.2000, 43 enterprises have the right to use subsoil for the purpose of geological exploration and development of hydrocarbon deposits in the territory of the YaNAO. In total, these enterprises received 147 licenses for the right to use subsoil, of which 44 for the geological study of subsoil and 103 for the development and geological study of hydrocarbon deposits, of which 25 were based on tenders and auctions. Another 16 licenses - for the right to use subsoil, received on the basis of tenders and auctions, are in the process of registration. The remaining licenses were obtained in due time on the basis of clause 19 of the “Regulations on the Procedure for Subsoil Licensing”. The transfer of the right to use subsoil plots and the renewal of licenses takes place in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil". For the entire period, 86 licenses were reissued. The main reason for the re-registration is a change in the organizational and legal form of the enterprise in connection with the release of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Joint Stock Companies".

Gas industry

For almost twenty years, the Autonomous Okrug has been the main gas producing region of Russia, providing more than 90% of Russian gas production. On the territory of the district, which is 0.5% of the land area of ​​the Earth, more than a third of the explored reserves of natural gas are concentrated, every fourth cubic meter of gas produced in the world is Yamal. In the Autonomous Okrug, natural gas is produced by 19 enterprises, the largest volume of produced gas is accounted for by enterprises that are part of the vertically integrated system of OAO Gazprom and registered in the Okrug. In 2000, gas production by these enterprises decreased by 5.6% compared to the previous year and amounted to 482.7 billion cubic meters. m.

There was a decrease in gas production at LLC Yamburggazdobycha by 5.6%, LLC Urengoygazprom - by 8.1%. Over the past three years, gas production at Nadymgazprom has been increasing by 13% and amounted to 73.6 billion cubic meters. m, which is associated with the introduction of the Yamsoveyskoye deposit.

Other enterprises account for 5% of gas production in the district, in 2000 they produced 27.5 billion cubic meters. m., the volume of production increased for Last year 2.9 times.

Urengoy is the main fuel and energy base of Russia, the scale and pace of development of which have no analogues not only in our country, but also in the world. It was here that in 1977 the Urengoygazprom association was organized to extract hydrocarbons from a unique giant gas condensate field. The boundaries of the deposit are extensive: from south to north, its length is 230 km, and its width is from 30 to 60 km. The implementation of Urengoygazprom's plans required large material and financial costs. Field development was carried out in harsh climatic conditions Subpolar. Permafrost, low temperature, waterlogged area, high vulnerability environment complicated the work on the creation of a modern highly efficient and cost-effective gas production complex. Many things had to be done for the first time: to drill and operate wells in permafrost conditions, to build super-powerful fields in 50-degree frost.

Now Urengoygazprom, which is part of RAO Gazprom, annually produces more than 240 billion cubic meters. m of gas, more than 5,340,000 tons of condensate and about 825 thousand tons of oil.

The activities of the Urengoygazprom association are developing in the following areas: geological exploration, production of hydrocarbon raw materials, its purification and processing; scientific and technical and design work; foreign economic activity; construction and repair of industrial and economic facilities; creation and development of city infrastructure New Urengoy; environmental protection.

Years of hard and fruitful work have made the association one of the world's leading companies in the production and processing of hydrocarbon raw materials. The successes achieved are not accidental, since from the moment of its creation the association has been focused on the high quality of its products, compliance with the strict requirements of international standards.

Every year, Urengoygazprom supplies gas, gas condensate, oil and their refined products to consumers in many regions of the country, and also supplies gas outside of Russia under interstate and intergovernmental agreements. Today, the association is producing gas and condensate mainly from the Cenomanian and Valanginian gas condensate deposits with oil delays. The drilling of the deposit is carried out in clusters, which makes it possible to minimize disturbances in the easily vulnerable surface Arctic layer of the tundra, which recovers after decades. To prepare the Cenomanian gas, Urengoygazprom applied an effective technology of shicole drying on high-performance technological equipment, which ensures the required quality of the supplied gas at minimal cost. Low-temperature separation units produce gas condensate from the V-Alanzha deposits, which undergoes further complex processing. The main products of processing are: deethylated condensate, diesel fuel, gasoline, propane, butane. Urengoygazprom in close contact with scientific organizations an ejector technology for the utilization of low-pressure gases during the extraction and processing of gas condensate has been developed. The resource-saving technology developed by the association's specialists and scientists from VNIIGAZ makes it possible to minimize the emission of harmful substances.

The policy of Urengoygazprom is aimed at the introduction of advanced technologies for the production and processing of gas and gas condensate for the most complete extraction of hydrocarbons, subject to high standards quality natural environment, protecting the health and safety of employees of the association and the local population.

The association includes 25 structural subdivisions with a total workforce of 15,000 people. The association introduces cost-effective technological processes for the extraction and processing of natural gas, condensate and oil.

Urengoygazprom maintains business relations with a number of leading firms and companies from the USA, Japan, Great Britain, Austria, Finland, Hungary, and Slovakia. Foreign economic cooperation expands the horizons of the association's activities and allows thinking on a larger scale of the global gas industry. Despite numerous difficulties, the association consistently supplies fuel to consumers.

Oil industry

Until 2000, there was a tendency to reduce oil production in the Autonomous Okrug. The reasons for this are insufficient funding for technical re-equipment, the commissioning of new fields to replace retired ones, etc. Last year, an increase in oil production by 5.4% compared to 1999 was noted, associated with an increase in the volume of exploration and production drilling and the commissioning of new wells.

The largest enterprises producing in the Autonomous Okrug, as before, remain OAO Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz and OAO Rosneft-Purneftegaz, which account for about 80% of all oil produced in the Autonomous Okrug. In the last 2-3 years, there has been a decrease in the share of the largest companies in total production. The reasons for this redistribution are two circumstances: the restructuring of vertically integrated companies and their pricing policy, aimed at concentrating profits in the parent company.

In 2000, for the first time in the last 11 years, there was an increase in production at OAO Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz by 7.42% compared to 1999, which amounted to 15.9 million tons. At OAO Rosneft-Purneftegaz, oil production has been increasing for the last three year, and in 2000 it was 8.9 million tons.

Other enterprises, which account for 23% of the total volume of oil production with gas condensate, produced 7.1 million tons last year, which amounted to 101.1% compared to the corresponding period last year. During the same period, gas condensate production amounted to 3.15 million tons, including Urengoygazprom LLC - 2 million tons. tons, Yamburggazdobycha LLC - 0.9 million tons.

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO) is an okrug located in the north of the Russian Federation, which covers an area of ​​​​over 75 million hectares, which means that the okrug is larger than some European countries. The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is very rich in minerals (oil fields and natural gas deposits), and despite such a harsh climate, this area is favorable for investment.

YNAO has a developed industry, although it relies on mining. Thus, in terms of industrial production, the district ranks second in the Ural Federal District and third in the Russian Federation.

YNAO is a major supplier of hydrocarbons to the Russian market, as well as to the markets of Eastern and Western Europe.
The Yamal Peninsula is of great importance for the YNAO and affects its economy. The peninsula has large discovered gas reserves, which may be as much as ten thousand billion cubic meters. There are also gas deposits at the Leningradskoye and Rusanovskoye fields, where about two thousand billion cubic meters of “blue fuel” have been prepared.

Since the start of production (more than forty years), about fourteen thousand billion cubic meters of gas have been produced in Yamal. The main field of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is Bovanenkovskoye, the production level of which is about five thousand billion cubic meters.

The main characteristics of the YNAO fields:

• 75% of natural gas reserves in the Russian Federation;
• 22% of the world's natural gas deposits;
• 18% of domestic oil deposits.

Initial reserves in the district are estimated at 93,000 billion cubic meters, and over the years of development, more than ten thousand billion cubic meters of gas have been obtained. Every year, the Russian Federation produces about 530 billion cubic meters, about 90% of which is produced in the YaNAO. The “blue fuel” is transported via main gas pipelines to the Urals, European part Russia, as well as to European countries (France, Germany, Italy and others). The resource of the twenty-four largest fields is estimated at thirteen thousand billion cubic meters of gas.

The hydrocarbon reserves on the Yamal Peninsula, which have been explored to date, are as follows:

• 44.5 trillion cubic meters of gas:
• 5 billion tons of oil:
• 2 billion tons of condensate.

YNAO has the potential of reserves of more than thirty-five thousand billion cubic meters of gas and about eight billion tons of liquid hydrocarbons. Currently, about 11% of gas deposits, less than 5% of oil deposits and 2% of condensate have been developed. Over the past five years, global transport infrastructure communications have been expanding in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. An increase in hydrocarbon production requires the modernization of production.

In the fourth quarter of 2016, a new main oil pipeline called Zapolyarye-Purpe was put into operation, which doubled oil production to forty million tons. In 2014-2015 there was a relative decrease in the growth rate of oil production. Thus, in 2014, the decline in oil production in the region amounted to about 4% of the total volume of oil production in the Russian Federation. The decline is explained by the fact that enterprises operate in fields with high depletion of reserves, declining productivity, and high water cut in wells. Oil companies are interested in decommissioning unprofitable wells, which allows them to avoid production losses.

If we compare 2015 and 2016, we see that in the 16th year, oil production increased by 22.9% over 9 months and amounted to nineteen million tons. Thanks to successful development plans in the 15th and 16th years, oil volumes and production have stabilized. Almost ten months before the deadline, the construction of facilities for the transportation of oil ESPO (Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean). Another project is the activation of the work of the Pyakyakhinskoye field of Public Joint Stock Company Lukoil. There are plans to drill 420 wells.

Gazprom Neft also plans to increase production. In the 16th year, the shipment of raw materials took place at a portable tower-type Arctic oil terminal, three and a half kilometers from the village. Cape Stone. Novy Port- the new kind oil, with the lowest presence of sulfur (about 0.1%). The development of new production capacities will make it possible to increase hydrocarbon production in the medium term.
YNAO Governor Dmitry Kobylkin claims that Yamal has oil reserves of 4.9 billion tons.

You can get more information about the development of hydrocarbon production and processing industries at the forum and exhibition and Yamal Neftegaz and the congress and exhibition

test

1 Mineral resources of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The relief of the territory of the district is flat, consisting of tundra and forest-tundra with many lakes and swamps, and a mountainous part. The mountain range, located in the west of the district, stretches for 200 km, reaching a height of up to 1.5 thousand meters. Unique territories in the cultural and natural heritage of the regions. - M.: Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage, 2008

The region's water resources are rich and diverse. They include: the coast of the Kara Sea, numerous bays and bays, rivers, lakes, swamps and underground waters. The Gulf of Ob, a bay of the Kara Sea, is one of the largest sea bays in the Russian Arctic, its area is 44,000 km². There are about 300,000 lakes and 48,000 rivers on the territory of the Okrug, the largest of which are the Ob at its mouth, as well as the Nadym, Taz (river) and Pur rivers. The Ob River, one of the longest in Russia, flows within the district in two powerful branches. The presence of lakes, most of which are of glacial origin, is one of the characteristic features of the landscape of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Groundwater is characterized by a huge artesian basin with an area of ​​3 million km², which includes reserves of thermal waters.

The region occupies one of the leading places in Russia in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, especially natural gas and oil. The following deposits are located on the territory of the district: Official website of the YNAO http://adm.yanao.ru/

1. Urengoy gas field

2. Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field

3. Nakhodka gas field

4. Yamburgskoye oil and gas condensate field

5. Ety-Purovskoye oil field

The state balance takes into account 136 fields (62 oil, 6 oil and gas, 9 gas and oil, 59 oil and gas condensate), the explored recoverable reserves of which amount to 14.49% of all oil reserves in Russia. 37 deposits are being developed, the annual production was 8.5%. Of the 136 fields in the district, one is unique - Russian, with oil reserves - 16.15% of the district and 30 large ones, on which 67.25% of the reserves and 69.1% of the district's oil production are concentrated. The cumulative oil production in the district is 375.2 million tons. Official website of the YNAO http://adm.yanao.ru/

About 600 thousand heads of reindeer are pastured on 50 million hectares of tundra. Nature has sheltered here 70 percent of the world stocks of whitefish (muksun, pink salmon, nelma) Brief reference book of the region / Compiled by Yu.A. Stürmer - 3rd ed., with rev. and additional - M.: Profizdat, 2009.

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GAS FIELDS OF THE YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT, osn. source of nature extracted in Russia. gas.

To the share of the Yamalo-Nenets Aut. env. (YaNAO) accounts for approx. 75% of explored natural resources. Russian gas and 22% of world reserves. Beginning total reserves are estimated at 93 trillion cubic meters. m; over the years prom. more than 10 trillion cubic meters were extracted from the subsoil of the district. m of gas. Russia produces 530 billion cubic meters annually. m, 90% of them - in the YNAO. Through the pipes of the master. gas pipelines, blue fuel is transported to the Urals, to Europe. Russia, France, Austria, Italy, Germany and other countries. The resource of the 24 largest deposits is estimated at 13 trillion cubic meters. m. Among them are world-famous giants: Zapolyarnoye, Urengoyskoye, Medvezhye, Yamburgskoye, Bovanenkovskoye, etc.

The idea of ​​the need to search for oil and gas in the territory. Zap. Siberia put forward in the 1930s. vice pres. Academy of Sciences of the USSR I.M. Gubkin, who led the geol. research in the east. regions of Russia. In 1934 N.A. Gedroits on the lion. bank of the Yenisei, in the lower. the course of Bol. and Mal. The Hittites identified the first exits of combustible gas. 21 Sept. 1953 on the outskirts of the old village. A powerful gas fountain hit Berezovo from a well, announcing the birth of the West Siberian oil and gas province. Further development was facilitated by the creation in 1958 in Salekhard of the Yamalo-Nenets complex geological exploration. expeditions under the guidance of V.D. Bovanenko, as well as the Taz oil exploration expedition. In 1961, the first deep exploratory well was laid on the Tazovsky Peninsula.

A new stage in the formation of gases. The foothold began in 1962 with the discovery of the Tazovsky oil and gas condensate. deposits (525 km north-east of Salekhard). From a depth of 2.2 thousand meters, a gas fountain with a flow rate of 1.5 million cubic meters was clogged. m per day. Further, the volumes of production increased aspires. pace. Proof of the prospects of the Yamal gas-bearing structures were open on the territory. districts in subsequent years of the deposit. The largest success was the discovery in 1965 in the Purovsky district for mines. depth (700 m) of a powerful gas reservoir, which gave rise to 2 giant gas condensate oil fields: Gubkinskoye with gas reserves of 350 billion cubic meters. m and (in the future) Zapolyarnoye. In the shortest possible time, a geol. map of oil and gas territories. Cr. North West. Siberia.

In 1966, the "epoch of big gas" began in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Drilling a well on the bank of the river. Evoyakh, the drilling crew of the Nadym oil exploration expedition received a gas fountain with a flow rate of approx. 7 million cubic meters m per day. This is how the supergiant was discovered. Urengoy oil and gas condensate. field. On May 30, 1967, the 1st cubic meter of gas was produced in a supergiant well. gas condensate. Medvezhye deposits. No less successful was 1968. Geol. The Arctic gas and Russian oil and gas fields appeared on the map. The discovery of the supergiant followed in 1969. Yamburgskoye gas condensate oil field. In the 1970s–80s. movement to the north-east continued. In addition to the super giant. Bovanenkovo ​​field, 470 km north of Salekhard (1971), geologists discovered a number of giants. deposits: Severo-Urengoyskoye (1970), Kharasaveyskoye, South-Tambeyskoye (1974), North-Tambeyskoye (1982). In 1985, the Karsk expedition discovered the Malyginskoye gas condensate. deposit (650 km north-east of Salekhard). In con. 1980s Geologists of Arktikmorneftegazrazvedka went to the Kara Sea, where they discovered 2 giants. gas condensate. deposits (1989 - Rusanovskoye, 1990 - Leningradskoye).

Immediately after the discovery of the largest deposits, their development followed. Con. 1960s - early. 1970s have become for the YNAO the time of a grandiose prom. building The country received the first cubic meters of Yamal gas after the “red joint” was welded on May 20, 1972 on the Medvezhye-Nadym-Punga gas pipeline, which reached the Urals in the same year. In 1981 brought to the project. capacity gas pipeline "Urengoy-Cherepovets-Moscow". In the 1970s–80s. created gas transport. stretching system more than 20 thousand km. Turning date in the fatherland. gas production began in 1984, when the USSR, thanks to the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, took first place in the world in gas production, and Tyumen. fishermen - on a record. indicator: 1 billion cubic meters m per day. By 1986, the district had already given the country 2 trillion cubic meters. m of gas, and with the development of Yamburg in 1988, the 3rd trillion was also extracted. In 1992, the YNAO reached the max. gas production - 556 billion cubic meters. m. In 2000, production amounted to 512 billion cubic meters. m, in 2002 - 509 billion cubic meters. m. In 2001, the east happened in Yamal. event: 10th trillion cubic meters produced m of gas.

Today, the Yamal gas is associated with the state. Concern "Gazprom", created in 1989 on the basis of the Ministry of gas industry of the USSR. The largest of its subsidiaries operate in the YaNAO: Urengoygazprom (which produced 180 billion cubic meters of gas in 2001), Yamburggazdobycha (174 billion), Nadymgazprom (71 billion), Noyabrskgazdobycha (35 billion). The first two enterprises use unique. deposits: Urengoyskoye and Yamburgskoye. In connection with their entry into the phase of falling production in 2001, the 3rd unique was mastered. gas field - Zapolyarnoye. The immediate prospects for the development of the industry are associated with the study of deep horizons. At the beginning 21st century exploration of gas resources below 3 thousand m is 8 times less than at depths up to 1.5 thousand m. lips, shelf of the Kara Sea.

Lit .: Golovnev A.V. History of Yamal. Tobolsk - Yar-Sale, 1994; Yamal - familiar and unknown. Tyumen, 1995; Russian oil and gas sector in theory and practice. Novosibirsk, 2003; Yamal: Encyclopedia of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: In 3 volumes. Salekhard, 2004; Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug from A to Z. Tyumen, 2004.