Natural recreational resources of the world. World recreational resources

Recreational resources peace

Recreational resources - a set of natural and anthropogenic complexes that are involved in the tourism industry and contribute to the restoration and development of the physical and spiritual strength of a person, his ability to work.

Kinds:

1. Natural recreational resources - sea coasts, banks of rivers and lakes, mountains, forests, outlets of mineral waters and therapeutic mud.

Main forms:

green areas around major cities,
reserves,
national parks, etc.

2. Cultural and historical - monuments of history, architecture, ethnographic features of the territory.

For example, the Kiev Pechersk Lavra and St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, Westminster in London, the Palace of Versailles near Paris, the Roman Colosseum, the Athenian Acropolis, the Egyptian pyramids, the Taj Mahal tomb in Agra (India), the Statue of Liberty in New York ...

By nature of use:

1. Wellness. 2. Medical.

The most important recreational areas of the world.

The resources of Europe are most developed (especially Greece, Italy, France, Great Britain, Germany, Austria, Spain, Poland, Hungary,Czech Republic, etc.), USA, Japan, Mexico, Australia, Egypt, Peru, China, India, Turkey and many others.

Developed countries are leading in world tourism!!!(very profitable business - does not require significant investment, gives a quick and significant profit)

The most popular holiday destinations in the world:

French Riviera Sunny Beach Bulgaria

French, Swiss, Italian and Austrian Alps

Tourist trips on ships (cruises), spearfishing, sport fishing, windsurfing, travel on yachts, catamarans are now very common.

World Heritage Sites.

These are the most valuable objects of nature, history and culture under the protection of UNESCO (890 in 148 countries of the world: 689 cultural, 176 natural and 25 mixed).

In EuropeItaly - 44, Spain - 40, France - 34, Germany - 33, Great Britain - 27 stand out (there are few natural objects here).

In Asia stand out China - 38 and India - 27 (> natural objects)

In Lat. America, Africa, CIS countries> cultural objects.

In Australia- 17, almost all natural.

Questions and tasks for self-control

1. Make a scheme "Classification of recreational resources" in your notebook.

2. Write a story about one of the World Heritage Sitesin Ukraine and one in foreign world. Present your message to your classmates.

3. Using the Internet, check out the list of World Heritage Sites. Mark on contour map five objects on each continent.

4. Prepare a computer presentation using drawings, videos about one of the World Heritage Sites.

Recreational resources of the world. Recreational called natural conditions, resources and public facilities

Which can be used for recreation, tourism and healthcare.

Recreational resources are divided into natural-recreational and cultural-historical. Natural and recreational include sea and lake coasts, mountainous areas, territories with a comfortable temperature regime, they are used for such types of tourism: beach (Cote d'Azur of France, Italian Riviera, Golden Sands of Bulgaria, islands of the Mediterranean and caribbean, Oceania), winter (Alps, Scandinavian mountains, Carpathians, Pyrenees, Cordillera), ecological (visiting national parks and undeveloped territories).

Resources of the World Ocean. Since the second half of the XX century. Considerable attention is paid to the development of the resources of the World Ocean. The ocean is rich in biological, mineral and energy resources. More than 70 dissolved in sea water chemical elements, for which it is called "liquid ore". Using the latest technology, some of them are already being removed from the water, in particular bromine, iodine, magnesium, table salt, etc.

The biological resources of the oceans are marine organisms that humans use. There are 180,000 animal species and 20,000 plant species in the Ocean. Economic importance have fish, marine invertebrates (oysters, crabs), marine mammals (whales, walruses, seals) and seaweed. So far, they provide the food needs of mankind by only 2%. The shelf zone is the most productive.

The mineral resources of the World Ocean are very diverse. Now oil, natural gas, coal, iron ores, diamonds, gold, amber, etc. are being mined on the ocean shelf. The development of the ocean floor has begun. Large reserves of iron-manganese raw materials have been found here, significantly exceeding its reserves on land. In addition to the main components, ocean deposits contain more than 20 useful elements: nickel, cobalt, copper, titanium, molybdenum, etc. Technologies for the extraction of iron-manganese ores from the ocean floor have already been developed in the USA, Japan, Germany and other countries.

The energy resources of the oceans are inexhaustible and diverse. Tidal energy is already being used in France, CILLA, Russia, Japan. A significant reserve is the energy of waves, sea currents, water temperature differences.

In our time, there is a problem of economical use of the wealth of the oceans, the protection of its resources. The world community is especially concerned about the oil pollution of the ocean. After all, only 1 g of oil is enough to destroy life in 1 m3 of water. To preserve the nature of the World Ocean, international agreements are concluded on the protection of waters from pollution, rules for the use biological resources, banning tests of weapons of mass destruction in the ocean. High hopes are placed on future use indeed inexhaustible resources: energy of the Sun, wind, internal heat of the Earth, space.

Recreational resources(from lat. recreatio - restoration).

Recreational resources have acquired great importance in the world today. These are objects and phenomena of nature that can be used for recreation, treatment, tourism. These resources combine both natural objects and objects of anthropogenic origin, which include historical and architectural monuments (Peter Palace, the French Versailles, the Roman Colosseum, the Athenian Acropolis, the Egyptian pyramids, the Great Wall of China). But still, the basis of recreational resources is made up of natural elements: sea coasts, banks of rivers, lakes, mountains, forests, healing springs and mud.

IN last years there is a “recreational explosion” on Earth, which manifests itself in the increasing impact of the flow of people on nature. This is the result of the scientific and technological revolution, the isolation of man from nature.

Each country in the world has some kind of recreational resources, but to the greatest extent vacationers are attracted by such countries as Italy, France, Spain, Switzerland, Bulgaria, India, Mexico, Egypt. In these countries, rich natural and recreational resources are combined with cultural and historical attractions. The development of international tourism brings considerable income to many countries.

Recreational resources wikipedia
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At the present stage in the world, recreational resources have acquired great importance. These are objects and phenomena of nature that can be used for recreation, treatment and tourism. In recent years, a “recreational explosion” has been observed on Earth, which manifests itself in the increasing impact of the flow of people on nature.

This is the result of the scientific and technological revolution and the isolation of man from nature. The use of recreational resources can be assessed by the number of tourists visiting the country. All countries of the world have some kind of recreational resources, but to the greatest extent vacationers are attracted by such countries as Italy, France, Spain, Switzerland, Egypt, Turkey, India, Mexico. The countries and regions where rich natural and recreational resources are combined with cultural and historical sights are the most popular.

international tourism

Cyprus and Israel).
3.

Asia-Pacific (APR, all countries of East and Southeast Asia, 4. Australia and Oceania).

European countries are leading in terms of the number of World Heritage sites.

About 1/5 of the world heritage sites are natural monuments. The unstable socio-economic and political situation in some Asian countries, as well as the remoteness of some parts of Europe, reduces its attractiveness as a center of world tourism and recreation. Due to ongoing civil and political unrest, travel companies do not recommend visiting certain regions and countries: Colombia; Haiti; South Lebanon; Afghanistan; Congo; Rwanda; Algeria; Somalia.

The vast majority of these countries and regions are characterized by political instability, military and national conflicts.

Rice. Foreign exchange earnings from international tourism

extreme tourism

At least 25% of all tourists are young people who in developed countries are financially well-off, have a good education and seek to satisfy peculiar interests in the knowledge of nature. In the richest country of capital in the United States, over 70% of families with an annual income of less than $2,000.

dollars do not travel outside the country, 20% of tourists account for 80% of all travel. In Germany, more than 60% of the population is not included in migration recreation at all. In the UK, 40% of the adult population 78.8% do not travel. In developing countries, foreign tourism is rather poorly developed, the fact remains that the vast majority of more than four billion people in the world have not yet crossed the borders of their country.

According to statistical studies, it has been established that in the middle of the 20th century more than 2 billion

Recreational areas and resorts

people never ventured outside their village or town. The greatest interest in travel is shown by middle-income strata of the population: employees, youth, intellectuals, and entrepreneurs.

Prices: 26.7%;
Availability of a license: 18.1%;
Service set: 15.6%;

Expert advice: 11.3%;

Advertising: 3.7%;
Good office: 2.5%;
Other indicators: 5.9%.

Related information:

VII. IN.

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World recreational resources

The use of recreational resources can be assessed by the number of tourists visiting the country. All countries of the world have some kind of recreational resources, but to the greatest extent vacationers are attracted by such countries as Italy, France, Spain, Switzerland, Egypt, Turkey, India, Mexico. The countries and regions where rich natural and recreational resources are combined with cultural and historical sights are the most popular.

The development of recreational nature management and international tourism can bring a lot of income to these countries (Fig.). Among the natural and recreational objects, the most famous are: the coasts of the Mediterranean, Black, Caribbean, Red Seas; Hawaiian, Maldives, Canary, Bahamas and other islands; therapeutic mud of the Crimea; mineral waters of the Caucasus.

international tourism

The use of modern world recreational resources is characterized by significant territorial unevenness.

The World Tourism Organization distinguishes six main regions:
1. European (all European countries, countries of the former USSR + Turkey,

Cyprus and Israel).
2. American (all countries of North and South America).
3. Asia-Pacific (APR, all countries of East and South-4.

East Asia, Australia and Oceania).
5. Middle East (countries of Southwest Asia + Egypt and Libya).
African (all African countries except Egypt and Libya).
6. South Asian (countries of South Asia).

European countries are leading in terms of the number of World Heritage sites. About 1/5 of the world heritage sites are natural monuments. The unsettled socio-economic and political situation in some Asian countries, as well as the remoteness of some parts from Europe, reduces its attractiveness as a center of world tourism and recreation.

Due to ongoing civil and political unrest, travel companies do not recommend visiting certain regions and countries: Colombia; Haiti; South Lebanon; Afghanistan; Congo; Rwanda; Algeria; Somalia. The vast majority of these countries and regions are characterized by political instability, military and national conflicts.

Foreign exchange earnings from international tourism

Recreational nature management is travel and excursions, hiking, relaxing on the beach, mountain climbing, sea and river cruises, visiting cultural and sporting events, recreation at tourist bases, fishing and hunting.

One of the types of recreational nature management is ecological tourism.

Ecological tourism is divided into: seaside, mountain, river, sea, urban, scientific and educational. The objects are national and natural parks, individual landscapes, natural and natural-cultural attractions.

Ecotourists travel to their own and neighboring countries, but their main flow is directed from Europe and North America in tropical countries(Kenya, Tanzania, Costa Rica, Ecuador). According to modern estimates, ecological tourism is the most rapidly developing part of the world's recreational nature management. Getting more widespread extreme tourism travel to the Arctic, Antarctica.

The greatest tourist and recreational activity is distinguished by people aged 30 to 50 years.

At least 25% of all tourists are young people who are financially well-off in developed countries, have a good education and strive to satisfy their unique interests in the knowledge of nature.

The main recreational areas of the world

In the richest country of capital in the United States, more than 70% of families with an annual income of less than 2 thousand dollars do not travel outside the country, 20% of tourists account for 80% of all travel. In Germany, more than 60% of the population is not included in migration recreation at all. In the UK, 40% of the adult population 78.8% do not travel. In developing countries, foreign tourism is rather poorly developed, the fact remains that the vast majority of more than four billion people in the world have not yet crossed the borders of their country.

According to statistical studies, it has been established that in the middle of the 20th century, more than 2 billion people never left their village or city.

The greatest interest in travel is shown by middle-income strata of the population: employees, youth, intellectuals, and entrepreneurs.
According to numerous surveys and questionnaires, the following factors influence the choice of turfima:

Advice from friends and acquaintances: 31.6%;
Prices: 26.7%;
Availability of a license: 18.1%;
Service set: 15.6%;
Terms and experience in the market: 14.8%;
Personal experience communication with this firm: 13.0%;
Expert advice: 11.3%;
Employee friendliness: 8.8%;
Travel firm ratings: 4.7%;
Advertising: 3.7%;
Mention of a travel company in directories: 3.4%;
Good office: 2.5%;
Convenient location: 2.5%;
Other indicators: 5.9%.

The tourism industry is a significant factor contributing to the more intensive economic development of those areas of the globe that are located far from large industrial centers and have little economic resources.

In a number of states, tourism has become a large independent branch of the economy, occupying a leading position in the economy. This is largely due to the fact that the modern tourism industry provides a large amount of services consumed by tourists during their travel abroad.

Related information:

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VII.3. Land resources of the world and their use
A) for students full-time learning. Topic 2. Financial resources of the corporation
Bibliographic links to electronic resources
Library and Information Resources
Biological resources of the oceans
In general, it should be noted that over the past 15 years, the world has seen a fairly clear trend towards a decrease in the growth rate of demand for primary energy resources.
C) software and Internet resources

The phenomenon of political power. Subjects, objects, resources, sources, forms of power. Types of legitimacy of power. The theory of separation of powers.

Process owner, inputs, outputs, process resources
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Recreational resources are divided into natural-recreational and cultural-historical.

Natural and recreational include sea and lake coasts, mountainous areas, territories with a comfortable temperature regime, they are used for such types of tourism: beach (Cote d'Azur of France, Italian Riviera, Golden Sands of Bulgaria, islands of the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas, Oceania), winter ( Alps, Scandinavian mountains, Carpathians, Pyrenees, Cordillera), ecological (visiting national parks and undeveloped territories).

Resources of the World Ocean. Since the second half of the XX century. Considerable attention is paid to the development of the resources of the World Ocean. The ocean is rich in biological, mineral and energy resources. More than 70 chemical elements are dissolved in sea water, for which it is called "liquid ore". Using the latest technology, some of them are already being removed from the water, in particular bromine, iodine, magnesium, table salt, etc.

The biological resources of the oceans are marine organisms that humans use.

There are 180 thousand animal species and 20 thousand species in the Ocean.

Tourist zoning of the world: geocultural approach

plant species. Fish, marine invertebrates (oysters, crabs), marine mammals (whales, walruses, seals) and seaweeds are of economic importance. So far, they provide the food needs of mankind by only 2%. The shelf zone is the most productive.

The mineral resources of the World Ocean are very diverse. Now oil, natural gas, coal, iron ores, diamonds, gold, amber, etc. are being mined on the ocean shelf. The development of the ocean bed began. Large reserves of iron-manganese raw materials have been found here, significantly exceeding its reserves on land. In addition to the main components, ocean deposits contain more than 20 useful elements: nickel, cobalt, copper, titanium, molybdenum, etc.

The USA, Japan, Germany and other countries have already developed technologies for the extraction of iron-manganese ores from the ocean floor.

In our time, there is a problem of economical use of the wealth of the oceans, the protection of its resources. The world community is especially concerned about the oil pollution of the ocean.

After all, only 1 g of oil is enough to destroy life in 1 m3 of water. To preserve the nature of the World Ocean, international agreements are being concluded on the protection of waters from pollution, rules for the use of biological resources, and a ban on testing weapons of mass destruction in the Ocean.

Great hopes are placed on the use of truly inexhaustible resources in the future: the energy of the Sun, wind, the internal heat of the Earth, space.

recreation
Air pollution
Soil pollution
Water pollution
Air pollution
Environment protection
Environmental objects

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Approaches to the tourist and recreational zoning of the world. Borders of macroregions and tourist and recreational zones of the world.

The concept of tourist and recreational zoning.

Approaches to tourist and recreational zoning: according to the degree of favorableness for a particular type of activity, according to the degree of development of resources, according to the degree of development of tourist infrastructure. Territorial approach to tourist and recreational zoning. Macro-regions of the world: European, Asian, American, African, Australia and Oceania. Borders of macro-regions and tourist-recreational zones.

Tourist and recreational zoning- this is the division of the territory into certain zones (areas) according to the principle of homogeneity of features and the nature of tourist and recreational use.

In the tourism literature, there are different approaches to tourist and recreational zoning.

For example, by degree of development of the territory (developed, medium developed, underdeveloped), depending on concentration in a certain area of a particular type of tourism (regions of seaside tourism, lake, river, sports, etc.)

In world tourism statistics, the most commonly used territorial approach on the basis of which it is customary to distinguish five large tourist macro-regions: 1) Europe; 2) Asia; 3) Africa; 4) America; 5) Australia and Oceania.

TO European macro-region includes the countries of Western, Northern, Southern, Central and of Eastern Europe, including the Eastern Mediterranean (Israel, Cyprus, Turkey).

TO Asian macro-region include the countries of West and Southwest Asia (including Egypt and Libya), East, South (India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) and Southeast Asia.

IN African macro-region includes the states of the African continent, with the exception of Egypt and Libya.

American macro-region- these are the countries of North, South and Central America, island states and territories of the Caribbean.

TO Australia and Oceania includes the country of Australia and all groups of Pacific islands (Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia).

Most detailed counts territorial approach to tourist and recreational zoning proposed Dmitrievsky Y.D. .

The hierarchy of tourist areas, in his opinion, should include, in addition to macro-regions, zones and districts (as in the generally accepted zoning), also smaller elements such as macro-district, meso-district, micro-district. In this regard, he identifies ten tourist macro-regions of the world ( Foreign Europe, Russia, West and Central Asia, South and East Asia, Australia and Oceania, Muslim North Africa, Central and South Africa, North America, Mesoamerica (Mexico, Central America, Caribbean America (West Indies)), South America), which are also divided into zones, districts, macro-districts, meso-districts and microdistricts.

Tourist and recreational potential and geography of tourist centers of the North European tourist and recreational zone.

Geographical position: location on the mainland and in the macro-region, countries included in the composition, access to the oceans and seas.

Climatic features, types of climates. Favorable time to visit.

The concept of tourist and recreational potential. Tourist and recreational potential of Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Iceland. Geography of the centers of educational, ecological, ethnographic, extreme, sports, lake, children's, entertainment tourism.

The tourist and recreational potential of the territory is all the opportunities necessary for the formation and development of tourist and recreational activities within a certain area.

Opportunities in this case are understood as natural conditions and objects, historical and cultural sights and ethno-cultural features.

Northern Europe

Northern Europe is distinguished by natural attractiveness, and special kind: habitat the northern European countries are very peculiar, although, by ordinary standards, very severe; it (environment), compared with other regions of Europe, to a greater extent retained its virgin, pristine character (although, of course, not everywhere).

Increasing tourist demand to visit northern countries led to the fact that they "began to build for tourists modern facilities accommodation - hotels, boarding houses, motels, campsites, bungalows, fishermen's houses, sportsmen's houses, etc.

means of transport and roads are being modernized. Sea cruises are organized to the regions of the Arctic Circle with dog sledding, hunting for birds and animals. Arctic safaris are also organized in Greenland with hunting for polar animals, including polar bears.”

The Nordic countries as a whole are more of a supplier of tourists, but still constantly strive to increase the influx of tourists to their tourist area.

At the same time, it should be taken into account that many tourists coming to Northern Europe visit several countries at once, partly because the number of objects of historical and cultural educational tourism in most of them is quite limited.

Basically, these countries specialize in "GREEN TOURISM" (travel to clean, untouched corners of nature without harming it). Green tourism includes such areas as rural tourism, eco-tourism, agritourism.

NORWAY

Tours to Norway are an excellent choice for connoisseurs of the charm of northern nature.

In fact, it is not as cold there as it seems to an uninitiated tourist, even in winter the temperature on the coast does not fall below -5 ° C.

Recreational resources

The mild climate of Norway provides Gulfstream.

You can go to Norway with children at any time of the year, but such a trip will be especially pleasant in July or August.

budget holidays in Norway hard to name, but the deal is always worth the money - in this country, the quality of goods and services one hundred percent justifies their cost.

Norway's main tourist attraction - the famous fjords- These are narrow sea bays formed during the ice ages.

The fjords are resources for active, extreme, ecological types of tourism.

Respectable tourists admire them from the ship, adventurers conquer seemingly impregnable rocks on foot and by bike, and fearless base jumpers jump down from steep cliffs.

The best fjords are the picturesque Geirangerfjord, the long Sognefjord and the most spectacular Lysefjord.

Historical-cultural and historical-architectural tourism developed in cities such as OSLO, BERGEN, TRONDHEIM.

OSLO (“after God”) is one of the smallest and cleanest capitals in Europe (500,000 sq.

pers.). The city center is an interweaving of old and new architecture with an abundance of museums and monuments.

Sights: the old quarters of the city, the building of the national theater, the Norwegian Maritime Museum, the Norwegian Folk Museum.

BERGEN is a very picturesque place in Norway, and there are much more attractions here than in the capital.

Once in Bergen, you will not miss its main attraction in any way. Bryggen, the historic Hanseatic Promenade, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, flaunts in full view of the harbor.

The very first houses in the city were built here.

TRONDHEIM is a vibrant university city and technology capital of Norway. Thanks to the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), as well as numerous research centers, Trondheim is rightfully considered a city of innovation, science and business.

Centers ski and ski tourism those around Lillehammer are counted.

This is Gausdal, Skei-Gesdal.

A well-known landmark of Norway is also considered arch. Svalbard. Half of the arch. They make up nature reserves with unique species of polar animals. This region is famous for the largest PRICH BAZARS.

More than 8.5 million people live in Sweden. The capital city of Stockholm has more than 1.5 million people.

Sweden attracts tourists with its strict nature: sea beaches, numerous lakes (Venern, Vättern).

Natural water bodies are complemented by artificial channels, among which are the Goethe Canal (500 km), connecting Stockholm and the second largest city of Gothenburg.

As it should be in Scandinavia, tourist Sweden does not flaunt its dignity. But there are a lot of them: for example, the mountains there are higher than in neighboring Finland, and offer more varied skiing. In addition, Sweden guarantees snow cover on the slopes ski resorts November to April, as well as the excellent equipment of the slopes, a well-thought-out system of lifts, many services and entertainments for the smallest tourists - it is not for nothing that Sweden is called behind the eyes "children's kingdom" However, if you want to be satisfied with your vacation in Sweden, make sure you are ready to spend - the country cannot be classified as cheap.

Moderate, transitional from maritime to continental.

In winter, the air temperature in most of the country does not fall below -16 ° C, only in the north frosts below -22 ° C are not uncommon, in summer it is rarely warmer than +22 ° C (and in mountainous areas +17 ° C). Humid maritime air masses from the North Atlantic and Baltic Sea often bring quite changeable weather with precipitation and winds, especially in the off-season.

The main city of Sweden, STOCKHOLM (“well preserved”): in this capital on 14 islands there really is something to see in terms of museums, architecture and other “excursions”.

Among other things, Sweden is "Carlson who lives on the roof" and the Nobel Prize ceremonies. The main principle of the inhabitants of Sweden: good quality in everything and maximum convenience for a person - both at work and at leisure. And last but not least, Sweden is famous for its cuisine - simple, hearty and so similar to Russian.

Large cities - Gothenburg, Malmö.

Ski resorts in Sweden:

§ Idre

§ Salen

§ and Are

The main beauties of Sweden are of natural origin: the harsh tundra of Lapland, the islands of the Gulf of Bothnia, the green hills of the west, the rocks of Norrbotten, beautiful lakes.

Cultural attractions are mostly located in major cities: Malmö, Gothenburg and Stockholm.

Among other things, the magnificent castles of Sweden deserve the closest attention.

City tours (bus and walking) are usually included in most group tours. Royal Palace, Museum of the ancient ship Vasa, Museum of fairy tales Astrid Lindgren Junibacken. Open Air Museum Scansen.

Sweden occupies one of the first places in the world in terms of the quality of water treatment.

Tap water in Sweden is safe to drink without boiling it first. Therefore, do not be surprised if they are served tap water in a bar or restaurant.

FINLAND

The country is located in the east of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Population 5.5 million people The country also includes the Aland Islands, 6.5 thousand islands off the southwestern coast of the country.

Types of tourism: in winter ski tourism(in the city of

Jyväskylä has 2 ski centers: for children skiing and with difficult slopes), in summer you can swim 100 meters from the Arctic Circle (Lake Saimaa is the largest in the country), fishing on the Finnish lakes and the Aland Islands, historical and cultural tourism in the cities of Helsinki, Turku, Tampere.

Helsinki is the capital, located on the shores of the Gulf of Bothnia, famous for its fresh air and beautiful scenery.

Sea Life Scandinavian Marine Center with 28 large aquariums. There are over 60 churches in the city. The most interesting architectural structure is the church carved into the rock "Church in the Rock" or "Snow Church" (organ concerts are often held). The East of Finland is endless hills, lakes, primeval forests, where original Karelian peoples live.

This is the area ecotourism and active recreation.

Lapland is one of the most exotic and popular places in Finland. The capital, Rovaniemi, is the home of Santa Claus.

The country is located on the Jutland Peninsula and the Danish archipelago in the Baltic Sea. Denmark is the birthplace of H.H. Andersen.

CLIMATE Moderate maritime, rather mild climate without sharp temperature fluctuations and with relatively uniform precipitation throughout the year. Air temperature in January is 0..-7°C.

The summer is cool, the average July temperature is +15..+16°C. best time to visit the country July August when it is warmest and there is relatively little rainfall.

The capital city of Copenhagen, home to the most oldest, large and popular amusement park in — Tivoli. By the way, it is also considered the oldest amusement park in the world.

In Copenhagen: Guinness World Records Museum, Believe It or Not Museum of Jokes and Pranks.

Large cities are also Orhuns, Odense.

In Odense: the house where the famous storyteller G.

H. Andersen, park. Andersen, open-air museum "Funian Village".

ICELAND

The country is located on the island of Iceland. Population 281 thousand people. The capital is Reykjavik.

Business card countries - dozens of active (Hekla) and dormant volcanoes, numerous geysers, waterfalls.

Therefore, the most common type of tourism is natural cognitive.

Near Reykjavik is the extinct volcano Esja - this is a great place to trekking(sports hikes on the crater of the volcano, descents from steep slopes)

Iceland is a country sport fishing(fishing for trout, salmon) and extreme tourism(rock climbing, horse riding, diving).

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In recent years, a “recreational explosion” has been observed on Earth, which manifests itself in the increasing impact of the flow of people on nature. This is the result of the scientific and technological revolution, the isolation of man from nature.

The process of dismembering the territory, in which areas are identified by the presence of special recreational features in them and tourist areas are distinguished. The WTO identifies 6 major tourist macro-regions of the world: Europe, America, Asia-Pacific, Africa, the Near and Middle East, South Asia.

Europe occupies the western part of the Eurasian continent. Most of Europe is flat and hilly. The largest plains are East European, Central European, Middle and Lower Danube, Parisian basin. Mountains occupy 17% of the territory. The main mountain systems are the Alps, the Carpathians, the Apennines, the Pyrenees, part of the Caucasus.

The climate is temperate in most of the territory. In the west it is oceanic, in the east it is continental. In the northern islands, the climate is subarctic and arctic, in southern Europe- mediterranean. Much of Northern Europe is covered by modern glaciers.

Occupying a small part of the Earth (4% of the land), Europe is one of the most densely populated regions of the world (786 million people).

Income from tourism in European countries amounted to more than 230 billion in 2001. US dollars (48% of global tourism receipts). The most visited countries in Europe by tourists are France, Spain, Italy. In total, among the 10 most attractive countries in the world, 6 are located in Europe.

In Europe, in terms of tourist arrivals, the leading position is occupied by the Mediterranean countries (Italy, Spain, Greece), which account for about 20% of the world market.

America is located in the Western Hemisphere. It consists of 2 major tourist regions - North America and Central South American. The North American region includes the USA, Canada, Mexico, the Danish island of Greenland. Area 23.5 million sq. km. in the north it is washed by the waters of the Arctic Ocean, in the west by the Pacific, in the east by the Atlantic Ocean, in the south it borders on central america and the Caribbean. It covers zones from the Arctic zone (in the north) to the tropical zone (Mexico, southern USA). The relief for the most part consists of plains and low mountains, although the mountain ranges of the high Cordillera stretch for several thousand km from north to south (the highest point is Mt. McKinley - 6193m). vegetation includes conifers and broadleaf forests. Palm trees and ficuses grow in the states of Florida and California, in Mexico.

Rare coniferous vegetation is also found in Alaska, northern Canada, and southern Greenland.

America is rich in inland waters - a river system, lakes, artificial reservoirs. The Mississippi River and a tributary of the Missouri is one of the longest rivers on Earth (6420 km).

The Great Lakes form a huge water system, three of which (Upper, Huron, Michigan) are among the largest in the world. The St. Lawrence River connects them with Atlantic Ocean. The Niagara River "sawed through" the hilly upland and connected Lakes Erie and Ontario. Breaking off the ledge, it forms the system of the world-famous Niagara Falls.

The population of North America in 2000 was 413 million. very variegated racial and national composition.

Heterogeneous among the three states (Canada, USA, Mexico) standard of living. Canada in this indicator ranks 3rd in the world, the USA - 6th, Mexico - 51st.

The region of Central and South America with an area of 19.14 million sq. km. located south of the border of Mexico to the extreme point of the mainland - Cape Horn. In the east, the region is washed by the waters of the Atlantic, in the west by the Pacific Ocean. On the territory of the region there are 48 states of different political structures and different levels of socio-economic development.

In the meridian direction, one of the longest mountain ranges in the world, the Cordillera, stretches across South America (the highest point is the city of Acongagua - 6960m). The rest of the area is plateaus and plains, among which the largest Amazonian lowland stands out.

The climate on the continent is from tropical to severe subarctic (southern islands of Antarctica). South America is the wettest continent on Earth. Here is the largest river basin of the Amazon.

The population of the region is 420 million people (2002).

In general, the share of the region Latin America accounts for about 5% of the world market of international tourist arrivals.

The macroregion of Southeast Asia and Oceania is the largest macroregion in the world in terms of spatial coverage.

SE Asia- a region located in the extreme southeast of Eurasia and adjacent island groups with a total area of 4.5 million square kilometers. over half of the region's territory is occupied by the Indochina peninsula (the third largest in the world in terms of area) and mountainous areas northeast of it. The main part of Southeast Asia is the Malay Archipelago. The shores of Southeast Asia are washed by the waters of the Pacific and Indian oceans. The region includes 11 countries - Brunei, Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and the Philippines.

Oceania is more than 7 thousand. islands in pacific ocean. It is divided into three parts: Melanesia - the southwestern part of the ocean, where four sovereign states are located (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji), Micronesia - the northwestern part of the ocean, where three sovereign states are located (Federated States of Micronesia , Marshall Islands, Palau), Polynesia, where 6 states are concentrated ( New Zealand, Samoa, Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, Tuvalu).

The mainland and insular parts of Southeast Asia have much in common in history and modern surface structure: a strong dissection of the relief, in which mountain ranges of different ages are combined with lowlands located in the deltas of the largest rivers. In Southeast Asia, especially its insular part, there are many volcanoes, including active ones.

Most of the islands in Oceania are volcanic and coral, some of them are the tops of underwater ridges. There are also mainland islands. The Great Barrier Reef stretches along the east coast of Australia.

Southeast Asia is located in 2 climatic zones: equatorial (most of the Malay Archipelago) and subequatorial, or equatorial monsoons, which have small seasonal fluctuations in the island part of the region and stronger ones in some areas on the mainland. The influence of monsoon winds is enormous, the alternation of which causes the change of dry and rainy seasons. The western part of the region is generally wetter. The strong dissection of the relief contributes to a wide variety of climate.

Most of Oceania is located in the equatorial, subequatorial and tropical zones. Only New Zealand and its adjacent islands are subtropical and temperate. The climate of Oceania is warm, mild, and especially favorable for recreation.

In Southeast Asian countries, more than half of the territory is occupied by forests.

Many palms, bananas, bamboos, orchids, ferns, mosses. Of the animals of interest are elephants, rhinos, wild bulls, tigers, panthers, monkeys. The population of Southeast Asia and Oceania is 530 million and 12 million, respectively.

Income from tourism is growing at a rate exceeding the world average by more than 2 times. The share of tourism is about 11% of the total GDP. The countries most visited by tourists are Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia.

The African macro-region is the states of continental Africa located south of the Sahara desert, as well as a number of island states and territories in the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean (more than 69 countries). Area 24.3 million sq. km. There are 4 regions - Western, Central, Eastern and Southern Africa.

The relief is predominantly flat. East Africa is characterized by deep cracks and breaks in the earth's crust.

Among other continents, Africa occupies a special position. Her extreme points north and south are about the same distance from the equator. Most of the continent is located between two tropics in the equatorial, subequatorial and tropical zones. Its southern outskirts enters the subtropics. Coastline Africa is slightly indented. Due to its location, Africa is the hottest continent on Earth. The Sahara desert stands out in particular.

In Africa, the longest river in the world flows - the Nile River (6671 km). The second longest and most full-flowing river is the Congo. One of the largest waterfalls in the world, Victoria, is located on the Zambezi River.

Among natural areas The equatorial forests make the greatest impression on tourists. There are more than 1000 species of trees here alone. The rarest species of animals include: bush pigs, pygmy hippos, okapi - relatives of the giraffe, leopard.

At the equator, eternal summer, eternal equinox.

Savannas occupy about 40% of the mainland. There is no such abundance of large animals as in the African savanna anywhere in the world. Here are antelopes, and striped zebras, and long-legged giraffes, and the largest mammals on earth - elephants and buffaloes, and formidable rhinos.

Numerous orders of predators coexist next to herbivores - lions, leopards, cheetahs, genes. The world of birds is unusually rich - from the world's smallest sunbird to the largest - the African ostrich.

On the African continent, unlike other regions, there are no sharp jumps and falls in the development of tourism. Some countries, such as Kenya, Zambia, Mauritius, Morocco, Algeria, have only noticeably improved their performance. After 2003, interest in visiting South Africa revived.

The Near and Middle East is a vast macro-region of the world, stretching from the coast mediterranean sea to Pakistan in the East, from the southern edge of the Sahara desert to the Mediterranean coast on the island of Cyprus in the north. The total area is 14.8 million sq. km. the macro-region includes 16 states. The Suez Canal and the Strait of Gibraltar are of great importance for the development of tourism.

The population in 2002 was 438 million people. the service industry plays important role in the economy of the region. Tourism will stand out in particular.

Middle East region at the beginning of the 21st century. has become a leader in terms of the increase in tourist flow. Tourists and pilgrims from all over the world rushed to the historical and biblical places associated with the earthly life of Jesus Christ. However, the renewed Palestinian-Israeli conflict actually stopped the flow of tourists to Israel. Nevertheless, the overall figures for the growth of tourist flows are impressive (24.1 million against 14 million in 1996). These successes can be attributed to Egypt, the Arab Emirates, and Iran.

South Asia - total area 4.6 million sq. km. In the north and northwest it is bounded by the Himalayan and Hindu Kush mountain systems, the Iranian highlands, in the east by the Assam-Burman mountains. From the south, the shores of South Asia are washed by waters indian ocean, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.

There are 7 countries in the region, and only Nepal and Bhutan have no access to the ocean. The most big country- India, the smallest - the Republic of Maldives.

The nature of the countries of South Asia is picturesque and diverse. The highest mountain system in the world is the Himalayas (the highest elevation of the city of Chomolungma is 8848m).

The population of South Asia in 2002 was 1397 million people.

Legal support of SCTS

1. Innovations in the Federal Law "On the basics of tourism activities."

1. Amendments to the Law "On Tourism": Small business travel agencies are preparing to provide financial guarantees 12/12/2006. licensing of travel agency and tour operator activities sent a government bill "On amendments to the federal law"On the basics of tourism activities in Russian Federation". It was submitted to the plenary session of the State Duma on Friday. This was announced on Monday by the chairman of the Duma Committee on Economic Policy, Entrepreneurship and Tourism Yevgeny Fedorov. According to the text, the introduction of the concept of “financial guarantee” into 132-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Tourist Activities in the Russian Federation”, defined as a guarantee of compensation for losses arising from non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of obligations of the tour operator to consumers of tourist services, is envisaged. The size of the financial guarantee is differentiated depending on the type of tour operator activity (international tourist activity and domestic tourism). The bill clarifies the basic concepts of “tourist product”, “tour operator activity”, “tourist voucher” used in the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Tourism in the Russian Federation”, and also introduces new ones into the law - “international tourism”, “guide (guide, guide -translator)”, “excursion service” and “tourist”. Other changes and additions to the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Tourism in the Russian Federation" are proposed based on the practice of its application and in order to implement the provisions of this bill. To ensure the validity of the norms of the draft federal law "On Amendments to the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Tourism in the Russian Federation", it will be necessary to adopt a resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation "On Approval of the Procedure for the Provision of Services by Travel Agents".

Each of us is looking forward to the summer, when we can go to a seaside resort, to the mountains or to an ordinary holiday home located in our middle lane. Today, there are more than enough options for recreation for every taste both in our country and abroad.

Choosing what to do in the summer, we most often do not even think about the fact that all this - the sea coast, mountains, mineral springs and other resort areas - is a recreational resource of our country that needs to be developed, protected and increased.

What are recreational resources?

A frightening name for many "recreational resources" designate everything that can be used for recreation and tourism. On their basis, many countries create entire recreational industries that meet the needs of their own population and foreign citizens in a comfortable and useful rest.

Recreational resources include:

- territories in which conditions for recreation have naturally developed or artificially created;

- sights of a historical or cultural nature;

- infrastructure, population and other factors that relate to the economic potential of a particular territory.

These are resources on the basis of which it is possible to form an effectively functioning recreational economy, i.e. a complex of natural, socio-economic, historical and cultural factors that will provide conditions for recreation and health improvement of people on a fairly massive scale.

Recreational industries in modern world acquired great importance. Entire states are building their recreational facilities in order to ensure stable replenishment of the state budget and economic development of the regions at their expense.

The basis of recreational resources, as a rule, are natural landscape components: the sea coast, mountain range, picturesque banks of a river or lake, forests or steppes, mineral springs, therapeutic mud.

In second place in importance are historical and cultural monuments: palace and park ensembles, museums, memorial sites historical events etc. But all this does not bring the expected effect if it is not supported by a developed infrastructure and adequate service.

Types of recreational resources

The radical change in lifestyle that has occurred over the past century has significantly increased the role of recreational resources and the recreational industry for the population. The scientific and technological revolution has removed most people from physical labor and natural surroundings, moving them to a completely artificial environment and forcing them to spend whole days sitting, standing behind a machine tool or a conveyor belt.

Therefore, the best types of recreation for many of us is communication with nature - swimming in the sea, walking in the forest or river banks, hiking in the mountains or rafting on a stormy river. For another part of society, recreation is about getting new experiences - they are more suitable for educational excursions to historical or cultural attractions.

We should not forget about health tourism, as well as many other types of recreation. All this together makes recreational resources of different types.

- Climatic resources - areas with certain types of climate: seaside, alpine, cold, etc. The most comfortable for recreation are areas with a tropical and subtropical climate.

— Water resources- this is a whole range of water natural or artificial objects: seas, rivers, lakes, ponds, etc. As a rule, they form the basis of a recreational complex.

- Forest resources - forests located in accessible areas and suitable for recreation. Almost all forest areas can be attributed to them, except for those located in heavily swampy areas.

- Balneological resources are mineral and thermal springs, reservoirs with therapeutic mud, used for the treatment and prevention of a number of diseases.

— Landscape resources are various types of natural or artificially created landscapes that are of interest for hiking, automobile, horseback riding, cycling, skiing and other types of tourism.

— Excursion tourism resources include historical, architectural and cultural attractions, beautiful and unusual landscapes, ethno-cultural, entertainment, industrial and other objects that may be of interest to vacationers.

Russia has a huge recreational potential, which today is beginning to be realized at a qualitatively new level in the most beautiful and ecologically clean corners of our country.

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